White Collar Crimes Forms of White Collar Crimes

What is a White-Colar Crime?

White collar crime is a crime committed by persons of respectability and high
social status, in course of their occupation. A white collar criminal belongs to upper socioeconomic class who violates the criminal law while conducting his professional qualities.
Thus misrepresentation through fraudulent advertisements, infringement of patents,
copyrights and trade marks etc., are frequently resorted to by manufactures, industrialists
and other persons of repute in course of their occupation with a view to earning huge
profits.
White-collar crime generally involves financially motivated offenses perpetrated by
business and government employees or officials. The crimes are not violent, and are
usually committed by persons in whom some level of trust or autonomy is place. They
frequently cause significant losses for companies, investors and employees.
Forms of White Collar Crimes
Corporate, Environmental, Occupational
Corporate Crimes
Corporate crime refers to crimes committed either by a corporation (i.e., a
business entity having a separate legal personality from the natural persons that manage
its activities), or by individuals acting on behalf of a corporation or other business entity
(see vicarious liability and corporate liability). Some negative behaviours by corporations
may not actually be criminal; laws vary between jurisdictions. For example, some
jurisdictions allow insider trading.
Example:
Bribery - involves offering to take or taking money from someone to influence them
to do something they would not ordinarily do, like offering a city official money to approve
a building permit.
False Claims: When a company makes false claims, they are making statements
that are not truthful to customers. These claims are especially damaging in advertising.
Insider Trading: It involves buying and selling stocks based on non-public
information. This is such a serious crime because those in a position of trust hold
information that the general public does not have access to. With the information, only a
certain few can enter into lucrative stock purchases or sales earlier and stand to gain
more.

Environmental Crime
Environmental crime refers to the violation of laws intended to protect the
environment and human health. These laws govern air and water quality and dictate the
ways in which the disposal of waste and hazardous materials can legally take place.

Individuals or corporations can be found guilty of a white collar crime when violations of
environmental law are committed.
The term environmental crime covers not only the illegal trade in wildlife, but also forestry
and fishery crimes, illegal dumping of waste including chemicals, smuggling of ozone
depleting substances and illegal mining.
Environmental Laws
The broad category of "environmental law" may be broken down into a number of more
specific regulatory subjects.
Air quality
Air quality laws govern the emission of air pollutants into the atmosphere. Air quality laws
are often designed specifically to protect human health by limiting or eliminating airborne
pollutant concentrations.
Water quality
Water quality laws govern the release of pollutants into water resources, including surface
water, ground water, and stored drinking water. Some water quality laws, such as drinking
water regulations, may be designed solely with reference to human health.
Waste Management
Waste management laws govern the transport, treatment, storage, and disposal of all
manner of waste, including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, and nuclear waste,
among many other types.
Contaminant cleanup
Environmental cleanup laws govern the removal of pollution or contaminants from
environmental media such as soil, sediment, surface water, or ground water..

Occupational Crimes
Occupational crime is crime that is committed through opportunity created in the course
of legal occupation. Thefts of company property, vandalism, the misuse of information and
many other activities come under the rubric of occupational crime. (Lawyers, Doctors any
occupation creates criminal acts within a specific job)
Occupational crime refers to a crime committed by someone during the course of his or
her employment. Also known as workplace crime, occupational crime encompasses a wide
variety of criminal acts including
Example:
Money Laundering the concealment of the origins of illegally obtained money, typically by
means of transfers involving foreign banks or legitimate businesses.
Embezzelment
theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or belonging to one's employer.
Falsification of documents

It involves altering, changing, or modifying a document for the purpose of deceiving

another person.
Phishing
Phishing is the attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords,
and credit card details (and, indirectly, money), often for malicious reasons, by disguising
as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.