,

.
.

: .
, .

.
, .
(mineral),
(). ,
.
(Semi-Synthetic) ( 70-80% 20-30%
). .
(synthetic) .
.
:

, polyalphaolefins
.

, .
, .
, , (15-25%)
, .
--,
(group):

Group I/II ()
Group III ()
Group IV/V (100% )
Group VI (100% )
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5322/is_200312/ai_n21340208/

Group, ,
, . Group III-IV ..
Group IV
(polyalphaolefins, PAO).

 Group V .
, ( ,
). .

(Group I/II/III) PAO (Group IV).
50% GrIV GrIII/IV GrIII ( ).
100% Group IV
. .
100% , Group IV Group V Group IV/V.
(synthetic) 100% (100%
synthetic), , GroupIII 100%
synthetic.
, " - synthetic base",
. , "
-Full synthetic" "100% -100% synthetic".
" -synthetic base"

HTHS, (150oC) =
(
).
Viscosity Index, VI - =
.

Flash Point, FP - =
.
, () .
5 sec., (Fire Point. FP)
.
.
Pour Point, PP - & =
. ,
, . .
=
. ( ).
.
TAN, Total Acid Number - = mgr ( -)
pH.
TBN, Total Base Number - =
pH.
. TBN.
Sulfated Ash - =
(, , ) .

= (VI)
= ,
.
=
= (sludge) ,
.
=
.
= .
=
, .
() = .

-
,
.

Viscosity =

: SAE 0W-30, SAE 5W-40, SAE 10W-40, SAE 10W-60 .., . SAE
.
, . 10W,
(W=Winter=) 40,
.
, , .
0W-20 10W-40 .
0W-40 10W-40 , (0W)
(10W). ( 40)
, (.
10W-60),
.
, 10W-60, 10W-30 10W-40.
,
60 .
, ( GroupIV/V),
. ""
, .

Base Oil =

.
, 75-85%
(mineral) .

Type of Engine =

( )

Manufacturer Certification =

, .
.

Norms = API & ACEA

ACEA ,
API
. ACEA & API
.
ACEA : A-B-C-E

A =
=
C = /
E =

, (1,2,3 ..),
.
ACEA 1996, :
1-96 =
A2-96 =
3-96 =
ACEA 2008 :
A = / =
1/1-08
3/3-08
3/4-08
5/5-08
C= /
C1-08
C2-08
C3-08
C4-08
E =
E4-08

E6-08
E7-08
E9-08
API : S & C

S = 2011 SN
C = 2011 CJ4

,
(D, E, F, G, H, J) (C, DI, DII, E, F, G, H)
SJ (S) J
API.

Fuel Economy=
Oxidative Thickening =
Piston Deposits =
Sludge =
Wear =
Soot Thickening =

Aftertreatment Compatibility =
( ..)

.
, ,
,
, "" .
""
.
,
.
, .
,
.
, pdf (),
. ,
.
, ,

. , .

,
.

100
40
(VI)
(Pour Point)
(Flash Point)
HTHS

(VI) (HTHS - High

Temperature/High Sheer Viscosity).
,
. ,
. ,
, .
(HTHS).
, ,
. ,
.
,
() . , .
, HTHS.
O HTHS Centipoise (cP) . SAE ,
HTHS. HTHS
, . ,
SAE 15W-40, HTHS 3.7
( SAE), HTHS
.
HTHS . "" HTHS
"".
.

;
( / ),
.
( , .) .
, .
,
, ,
.
, (
), .

 (-sludge) .
.
,
. "" (
). ,
. .

;
, ,
. ""
, .
10W40,
SAE40. ,
, SAE40
SAE20. 5W40 SAE40
.
, (sludge)
.

Group V, ?
, , ,
.
.
, ! ,
"" .
3500Km .

O , ;
.
. .
(
). 8-
16-. (
) .
( 0.5 /1000Km),
.
0,2 lit/1.000Km
"" , "" HTHS 100 & 130
( HTHS
).

 , ,
10W-60. ,
. ,
.
. ( )
, .
, ,
. .
,
, .
max. .
max;
. .
,
.
,
, (
).
,
.

.
, ,
. ,
. (0-5C),
5W-40, 10W-40 .

;
, . 1
.
, !
, .
, .
, "" ,
! ,


(MAF).
, "" ,
, !