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Impact Load - Strain Energy
Impact Load - Strain Energy
doc
Resilience
When the body strained, it undergoes deformation and thereby work is done. Under the
strained condition the body stores up energy as long as the body remains loaded. This
stored energy is called Resilience or Elastic strain Energy.
Energy
Proof of Resilience
The resilience of the body corresponding to the elastic limit stress that is, the maximum
amount of energy that the body can store with in the elastic limit is called Proof of
Resilience.
Resilience.
ER =
StrainEnergy
U
=
Volume
V
1
F x
2
(1)
Where,
F = force or load applied in N
And x = extension of the body in mm
We know
stress
change in length
E=
= , and STRAIN = =
strain
Original length
Therefore x =
L,
and Force F = A
E
And we get , Strain Energy
U =
2
2E
A L =
2
2E
x (extension)
L
formula for
strain energy.
Substitute in Modulus of resilience
Document: impact load
Author: vettrivel.cVettri Chinnadurai
Save Date: 21/07/2011
Page 1 of 8
impact load.doc
And we get
ER =
2E
This above formula for gradually applied load (F). If this same load (F) applied suddenly
S = 2
then the stress
F
A
the value of extensions (x) and strain Energy (U) stored in the body may be calculated
easily.
2
Formula for Proof of resilience92 = =
2E
lim it
Problem no1
For Thermal Stress
An aluminium frame of AISI 6061(American Institute of Steel and Iron) alloy for a window
is 4.50 m long and holds a piece of plate glass 4.347 m when the temperature is 35C. At
what temperature would the aluminium and glass be the same length?
Problem no 2
For Strain energy
A tensile load of 60KN is gradually applied to a circular bar of 4 CM diameter and 5m
long. If E = 200GPa, determine,
1. stretch in the rod,
2. stress in the rod
3. strain energy absorbed by the rod.
Problem no 3
A uniform metal bar has a dia of 30mm and a length of 1.5m long. If the stress at the
elastic limit is 160 N/mm2 , what will be the proof of resilience. Determine also the
maximum value of an applied load, which may be suddenly load applied without exceeding
the elastic limit. Calculate the value of the gradually applied load which will give produce
the same extension as that produced by the suddenly applied load above. Take
E = 210GPa
impact load.doc
for spring =
And PE1 and PE2 are potential energy before and after impact.
KE1 and KE2 are kinetic energy before and after impact load.
(h + x)
impact load.doc
mg ( h + x )
x2 E A
2L ,
equation 1
x st =
mg =
And we get
x2 E A
2L
xst E A
L
mg L
E A
x 2 = 2 x st h + 2 x st x
Dividing both sides x st2 and adding 1 both sides, and we get
2h
x
1) 2 =
+1
x st
x st
x
2h
=1 +
+1 =
xst
xst
st
x = dynamic extension in mm
xst = static extension in mm
xst
st
1. The ratio
is the ratio of the maximum dynamic stress and
extension to the static stress and extension respectively.
2. If suddenly applied load, then h = 0 . then the above formula will be = 2 st . it
shows suddenly applied load will produce two times of static stress.
F
3. static load extension on spring loaded will be x =
, where k spring stiffness.
k
4. For static deflection
xst =
st L
E
Document: impact load
Author: vettrivel.cVettri Chinnadurai
Save Date: 21/07/2011
Page 4 of 8
impact load.doc
PROBLEM NO 1
A vertical tension spring has a stiffness of 15 N/mm. and a maximum extension of 20mm.
(a) Determine the maximum energy which may be stored in the spring.
(b) If a mass of 8 kg attached to the spring ii suddenly released, determine the
maximum deflection which will result
(c) Determine the extension of the spring in (b) when equilibrium condition is
restored.
PROBLEM NO 2
A mass of 12 kg is released from height of 24 mm above a vertical compression spring
which has a spring constant 18 N/mm. Determine the maximum deflection which will
occur and also the deflection at equilibrium .
PROBLEM NO 3
A mass of 80 kg rests just above a collar at the lower end of a vertical steel rod,
diameter 5 mm and length 5 m. Determine,
(a) Stress and extension of the rod if the load is suddenly released
(b) Maximum height from which the load can be dropped so that the stress does not
exceed 180MPa and corresponding maximum extension.
(c) Stress and extension at equilibrium.
impact load.doc
U1 + PE1 + KE1 = U 2
Substituting
2
x2 E A
xst E A 1
2
+ m v + mg ( x xst ) =
2L
2
2L
m=
xst E A
g L
equ-1
x st =
mg L
E A
impact load.doc
2
2
2
x2 E A
xst E A 1 xst E A 2 xst E A
+
v +
g ( x xst ) =
2L
2
gL
gL
2L
xst
EA
and by 2 on either side and we get
L
xst v 2
+
+ 2 xst x = x 2
g
V
=
1
x st g
x st
x
=
xst
xst
and we get
V
+1=
st
xst g
stopped condition.
Where
= maximum extension in mm
x st
= static Externsion in mm
= Maximum stress in N / mm 2
st = static stress in N / mm 2
V = velocity in m / s
g = gravitational force
To further, as we know when m moving with the velocity v and could therefore be
considered to have fallen from height h that is here x (total extension) in relation to
velocity v, then the velocity v = 2 gh or 2 gx
Substitute this in to above equation, then we get
x
2h
=
xst
xst
+1=
impact load.doc
Problem 1
A load of 3ton is lowered by a steel cable at a uniform speed of 1.2m/s. If the brake is
suddenly applied, when the free length of cable is 15 m , Determine the maximum stress
an extension. The cable has a cross sectional area of 1250 mm2 and E = 110x 103 MPa.
Problem no 2
Determine the maximum velocity of the load given in previous problem, so that the
maximum stress in the cable does not exceed 200MPa. All other conditions are same.
Problem no 3
A load of 5 ton attached to the end of a steel cable is lowered at 0.9m/s by a rotating
winch drum. When the free length of the cable is 18m , the brake is applied to the drum
(suddenly).
Determine maximum stress and extension in the cable if its modulus of elasticity is
110GPa and the cross sectional area of the wires in the cable is 1590mm2.
PROBLEM NO 4
Determine the effective cable diameter necessary for a hoist designed for the following
conditions:
Maximum load (total)
: 2600 Kg
Minimum free length of cable
: 4 meter
Maximum Speed of load
: 4.2 Km/H
Ultimate tensile stress of cable
: 1400 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity
: 110 Gpa
Factor of safety
:5
Assume instantaneous brake action for design purpose