RAW

MATERIALS
AND PRODUCT
SPECIFICATIO
NS

RAW MATERIALS DESCRIPTION

A. Nitrobenzene

Nitrobenzene is a yellowish, oily, aromatic nitro-compound with an almond-like odor that emits toxic
fumes of nitrogen oxides upon combustion. Nitrobenzene is primarily used in the manufacture of aniline,
but is also used in the manufacture of lubricating oils, dyes, drugs, pesticides, and synthetic rubber.
Exposure to nitrobenzene irritates the skin, eyes and respiratory tract and can result in methemoglobinemia
causing fatigue, dyspnea, dizziness, disturbed vision, shortness of breath, collapse and even death.
Nitrobenzene also damages the liver, spleen, kidneys and central nervous system. This substance is a
possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
A.1 Identification
Nitrobenzene Identification
Synonym
Nitrobenzol / Oil of Mirbane
Chemical Formula
C6H5NO2
CAS No.
98-95-3
B. Properties
Physical Properties
Physical State
Odor
Taste
Color

Liquid (Oily Liquid)

Strong Almond-like Odor
Not Applicable
Colorless to Yellow or Brown

Chemical Properties
Molecular Weight
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Specific Gravity
Vapor Pressure
Odor Threshold
Solubility

123.11 g/mole
210.8C
5.7C
1.2 (Water=1)
0.15 mm of Hg
0.37 ppm
Soluble in methanol, diethyl ether,
acetone. Very slightly soluble in cold
water.

A.3 Uses
Approximately 97% of nitrobenzene is consumed in the production of aniline, which is a precursor
to rubber chemicals, pesticides, dyes (particularly azo dyes), explosives, and pharmaceuticals.
Nitrobenzene is also used to mask unpleasant odors in shoe and floor polishes, leather dressings,
paint solvents, and other materials. Redistilled, as oil of mirbane, nitrobenzene has been used as an
inexpensive perfume for soaps. A significant merchant market for nitrobenzene is its use in the production
of the analgesic paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen). Nitrobenzene is also used in Kerr cells, as it
has an unusually large Kerr constant.
Aside from its conversion to aniline, nitrobenzene is readily converted to related derivatives such
as azobenzene, nitrosobenzene and phenylhydroxylamine. The nitro- group is deactivating, thus
substitution tends to occur at the meta-position.
A.4 Handling and Storage
Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing
material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear
suitable respiratory equipment if ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the
label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Flammable materials should be stored in a separate safety storage
cabinet or room. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep container tightly closed.
Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place. Ground all equipment containing material. Keep container dry. Keep in
a cool place.
A.5 Safety
Prolonged exposure may cause serious damage to the central nervous system, impair vision,
cause liver or kidney damage, anemia and lung irritation. Inhalation of vapors may induce headache,
nausea, fatigue, dizziness, cyanosis, weakness in the arms and legs, and in rare cases may be fatal. The
oil is readily absorbed through the skin and may increase heart rate, cause convulsions or rarely death.

Ingestion may similarly cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal irritation, loss of
sensation/use in limbs and also causes internal bleeding. Nitrobenzene is considered a likely human
carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and is classified by the IARC as
a Group 2B carcinogen which is "possibly carcinogenic to humans". It has been shown to cause liver,
kidney, and thyroid adenomas and carcinomas in rats.

RAW MATERIALS DESCRIPTION

B. Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class. It is a colorless
liquid, although like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants. It has a fishy odor and is
miscible with water. Like other amines, it is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is
a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.
It is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds. It is a metabolite of
cyclamate.
B.1 Identification
Cyclohexylamine Identification
Synonym
Cyclohexanamine
Chemical Formula
C6H13N
CAS No.
108-91-8
B.2 Properties
Physical Properties
Physical State
Odor
Taste
Color

Liquid
Fish, Amine-like
Not Applicable
Colorless to light yellow
Chemical Properties

Molecular Weight
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Specific Gravity
Vapor Pressure
Odor Threshold
Solubility

99.17 g/mole
134.5C
-17.7C
0.8647 (Water=1)
10.7 mm of Hg
26 ppm
Easily soluble in cold water

B.3 Uses
Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the
precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization. It is a building block for
pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators). The amine itself is an effective
corrosion inhibitor. Some sweeteners are derived from this amine, notably cyclamate. The herbicide
hexazinone is derived from cyclohexylamine.

B.4 Handling and Storage

Keep locked up Keep container dry. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition.
Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapour/spray. Never
add water to this product In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment If ingested,
seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Flammable materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet or room. Keep away from heat.
Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep container tightly closed. Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place.
Ground all equipment containing material. A refrigerated room would be preferable for materials with a flash
point lower than 37.8C (100F).
B.5 Safety
It is flammable, with flash point at 28.6 C. It is toxic by both ingestion and inhalation; the inhalation
itself may be fatal. It readily absorbs through skin, which it irritates. It is corrosive. Cyclohexylamine is listed
as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act. It has been used as a flushing aid in the printing inkindustry. In regards to
occupational exposures, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has suggested workers
not be exposed to a recommended exposure limit of over 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) over an eight-hour workshift.

RAW MATERIALS DESCRIPTION

C. Water
Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of
Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. Its chemical formula is H2O,
meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, that are connected by covalent
bonds. Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance, that prevails at standard ambient
temperature and pressure; but it often refers also to its solid state (ice) or its gaseous state (steam or water
vapor). It also occurs in nature as snow, glaciers, ice packs and icebergs, clouds, fog, dew, aquifers, and
atmospheric humidity.
C.1 Identification

Synonyms
CAS No.
Product Codes

Water Identification
Dihydrogen oxide; Distilled water; 7732-18-5;
Purified water; Water vapor
7732-18-5
SLW1063

C.2 Properties
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical State
Liquid
Odor
Odorless
Vapor Pressure
2.3 kPa
Boiling Point
100C
Solubility
Not Applicable
Specific Gravity
1
Molecular Formula
H2O
Molecular Weight
18.02 g/mol

C.3 Uses
Industrial Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Viscosity adjustors
Consumer Uses:

Air Care Products

Arts, Crafts, and Hobby Materials
Automotive Care Products
Cleaning and Furnishing Care Products
Fabric, Textile, and Leather Products not covered elsewhere
Ink, Toner, and Colorant Products
Laundry and Dishwashing Products
Personal

C.4 Handling and Storage

Keep container tightly closed. Suitable for any general chemical storage area. Protect from
freezing. Water is considered a non-regulated product, but may react vigorously with some specific
materials. Avoid contact with all materials until investigation shows substance is compatible.

RAW MATERIALS DESCRIPTION

D. Hydrogen
Compressed hydrogen (CH2, CGH2 or CGH2) is the gaseous state of the element hydrogen kept
under pressure. Compressed hydrogen in hydrogen tanks at 350 bar (5,000 psi) and 700 bar (10,000 psi) is
used for mobile hydrogen storage in hydrogen vehicles.
D.1 Identification
Hydrogen Identification
Synonyms
Dihydrogen, parahydrogen
Chemical Formula
H2
CAS No.
1333-74-0

D.2 Properties

Physical Properties
Physical State
Odor
Taste
Color

Gas
Odorless
Not Applicable
Colorless
Chemical Properties

Molecular Weight
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Specific Gravity
Vapor Pressure
Odor Threshold
Solubility

2 g/mole
-252.9C
-259.2C
0.089 (Water=1)
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Water: 1.6 mg/L

D.3 Uses
Compressed hydrogen is used in hydrogen pipeline transport and in compressed hydrogen tube
trailer transport.

D.4 Handling and Storage

Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
Use only non-sparking tools. Use only explosion-proof equipment Wear leather safety gloves and safety
shoes when handling cylinders. Protect cylinders from physical damage; do not drag, roll, slide or drop.
While moving cylinder, always keep in place removable valve cover. Never attempt to lift a cylinder by its
cap; the cap is intended solely to protect the valve. When moving cylinders, even for short distances, use a
cart (trolley, hand truck, etc.) designed to transport cylinders. Never insert an object (e.g, wrench,
screwdriver, pry bar) into cap openings; doing so may damage the valve and cause a leak. Use an
adjustable strap wrench to remove over-tight or rusted caps. Slowly open the valve. If the valve is hard to
open, discontinue use and contact your supplier. Close the container valve after each use; keep closed
even when empty. Never apply flame or localized heat directly to any part of the contain

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Aniline
Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2.
Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the prototypical aromatic amine. Being
a precursor to many industrial chemicals, its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane.
Like most volatile amines, it possesses the somewhat unpleasant odour of rotten fish. It ignites readily,
burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds. Aniline is colorless, but it slowly oxidizes
and resinifies in air, giving a red-brown tint to aged samples.
Identification
Hydrogen Identification
Synonyms
Aminobenzene/Benzenamine/Aminophen
Chemical Formula
C6H5NH2
CAS No.
62-53-3

Properties
Physical Properties
Physical State
Odor
Taste
Color

Oily Liquid
Aromatic, amine-like
Burning
Colorless
Chemical Properties

Molecular Weight
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Specific Gravity
Vapor Pressure
Odor Threshold
Solubility

93.13 g/mole
184.1C
-6C
1.0216 (Water=1)
0.1 kPa
2.4 ppm
Soluble in cold water, hot water,
methanol, diethyl ether.

Uses
The largest application of aniline is for the preparation of methylene dianiline and related
compounds by condensation with formaldehyde. The diamines are condensed with phosgene to give
methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, a precursor to urethane polymers. Other uses include rubber processing
chemicals (9%), herbicides (2%), and dyes and pigments (2%). As additives to rubber, aniline derivatives
such as phenylenediamines and diphenylamine, are antioxidants. Illustrative of the drugs prepared from
aniline is paracetamol (acetaminophen, Tylenol). The principal use of aniline in the dye industry is as a
precursor to indigo, the blue of blue jeans.
Handling and Storage
Keep locked up. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment
containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective
clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical
advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from
incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, metals, acids, alkalis. Air and light sensitive. Store in light
resistance container. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed and
sealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).