3

20 20,000 Hz

 (sound intensity : I )

(P)
(I) (A)

( R )

P
I =
A

P
I =
2
4R
10-12 - 1 W/m2

I0

= 10-12 W/m2

Imax = 1

W/m2

(sound intensity level ; )

1012

(W/m2)

10-12

100

10-11

101

10-10

102

10-9

103

..

10-1

1011

11

100

1012

12

I W/m2
I0 = 10-12 W/m2
(Intensity level ; )

= 10 log

I
I0

10 12
= 10 log 12 = 0dB
10
1
= 10 log 12 = 120dB
10

 1 2 I1
I2

I1
I2
1 2 = 10 log
10 log
I0
I0

I1 I0
1 2 = 10 (log . )
I0 I2

I1
1 2 = 10 log
I2

 R1 R2
I1 I2

I1 =

P
4R 12

P
I2 =
4R 22

I1
R 22
= 2
I2
R1
I
1 2 = 10 log 1
I2

R2
1 2 = 10 log
R1

R 22
1 2 = 10 log 2
R1

R2
1 2 = 20 log
R1

I = nI

nI 1
n = 10 log
I0

(noise pollution)

(
)

()

7
7-8
8

91
90
80

(pitch)

(bass)

(trebel )