Tnh ton thit k cp thot nc

I. Thuyt Minh:
- Chn bm nc bnh thng trong cng nghip th 4 yu t chnh l lu
lng, ct p, nht (khi bi ton cn s tnh ton chi tit) v kch thc
ng ng.
- Trong ct p l phn phc tp nht, ta chn mt tuyt ng ng di nht
t ni t bn nc bm n v tr cn bm, khi tn tht ct p trn on ny
l cao nht. Trong tuyn ng chnh c nhiu kch thc ng ng khc
nhau th ta tnh tn tht trn tng on. Sau cng tng cng cc ct p li ra
ct p tng ton b tuyn ng.
- Tuy nhin c nhiu cch tnh ton bm nc trong dn dng theo kinh
nghim, hay khi d thu hay cng trnh ln cn qu trnh tnh ton chi tit hn
chn bm chnh xc hn.
- Do nng lc c hn, nn mnh vit mt s cch tnh ton m mnh bit.

II. Cch tnh ton my bm thng dng: ( tm thng s lu

lng, ct p, ng ng).
1. Tnh ton theo kinh nghim: (nc thng 25~ 30oC, khng tnh nht).
- V lu lng: n v m3/h hoc lt/pht (L/min). Chn theo lu lng mnh
cn.
v d:
+ Trong mt gi th bm y bn 3 mt khi => lu lng 3 khi/gi.
+ Mun bm y 2 bn, mi bn 4 mt khi trong 3 gi =>8 khi/3gi =>2,7
khi/gi.
+ Trn my c sn lu lng cn bm qua, ri ly tng lu lng cc my ra
lu lng chnh.

- V ct p: t im thp nht n im cao nht (theo mt cao) + tn tht

p trn co ct t, ma st thnh ng (do ng sn xi hoc ng kch c nh) + tn
tht p khi chy qua ti. Nu c nhiu u nc ra, th ta chn tuyn ng ng
di nht tnh t v tr bm t c tn tht p sut cao nht.
+ im thp nht n im cao nht v tr ra ct p hi (tc l
nc t tun hon tr li bm).
+ Ly theo kinh nghip mt co vung bng 3% ct p tng, t th ly 2 % ct
p tng. Ly 5 mt theo chiu ngang bng 1 mt theo chiu cao.
+ Tn tht p khi chy qua ti nu ti c sn thng s tn tht p lc.
+ Sau khi c c ct p mnh nhn thm h s an ton 1,4 ln ct p tng.
Ri bo kt qu cho bn bn bm nc bit (v nhu cu s dng, lu lng, ct
p) nh sn xut tra th v chn bm bo gi cho bn.

- V Kch thc ng ng: (ch cn c thng s lu lng). Da vo

cng thc:
Vn tc nc da vo tiu chun vit nam 4513-1988. Download TCVN
4513 - 1988
mc 6.5 Trang 14 Trong tiu chun. Ly nc dng cho mi nhu cu
sinh hot vn tc V = 1,2 m/s v cha chy l 2,5 m/s.

VD: Gi s Q = 28,8 l/s, dng cho cha chy V = 2,5 m/s.

=> D = V-(4 x 28,8 / 3,14 x 25) = 1.21 dm hay phi121 => ng DN150
(hoc DN125).

2. Tnh ton theo cng thc bn cu ha: (nc thng 25~ 30oC,
khng tnh nht).
- V lu lng: nh trn.v.v.
- V Kch thc ng ng: nh trn.v.v.
- V ct p: Ct p H = H1 + H2 +H3.
+ H1: l tng ca ct p cao nht ( tc l p lc nc theo cao t v tr t
bm n ni xa nht ca h thng. Kinh nghim 5 mt ngang bng 1 mt cao.
+ H2: ct p phun nc ti u ra .
+ H3: tn tht p ti co ct t trn ng ng (tn tht cc b) v ma st
ng ng.
V D:
-- Gi s: khong cch t bm n ni cn bm cao l 40 m, ng i ngang
20 m, lu lng 104 m3/h hay 28,8 l/s.
-- ct p cao H1 = 40+4 = 44 mt cao.
-- H2 ly bng 5 mt phun theo cao.
-- H3 = Ha + Hb = A x L x Q2 + 10%*Ha
Hb = 10%*Ha l tn tht qua t, co trn ton h thng.
Q: lu lng nc qua ng (l/s)
L: chiu di ca on ng (m)
Vi A l sc cn ma st t ng (mi ng li c sc cn khc nhau). A ly
theo tiu chun vit nam 4513-1988. => nh v d trn ng knh ng l
DN150 => A = 0,00003395
=> H3 = 0,00003395 x (40+20) x 28,82 +10%*Ha = 2 mt nc.
Vy H = 44 + 5 + 2 = 51 mt nc. v lu lng l 104 m3/h = 1728 l/min =>
tra th th bm l chn bm 40 hp (30 Kw in), ng ng DN150.
3. Tnh ton theo cng thc chi tit:
- V lu lng: nh trn.v.v.
- V Kch thc ng ng: nh trn.v.v.
- V ct p: Ct p H = H1 + H2 +H3. Vi H3 = Pma st + Pcc b
Trong :
Pms : Tn tht ma st ng ng, Pa
Pcb: Tn tht p sut cc b, Pa

Nht ca nc theo bng sau: v d 7oC th nht l 1,306 x 10 -6

m2/s.
+ Tc l Bi ton tnh H3 th t nh sau:
o u tin xc nh nhit ca nc. VD nh nc thng 30 oC =>
nht 0,8 x 10 -6 m2/s, khi lng ring ca nc 1000 Kg/m3. 2 i lng
trn thay i theo nhit v loi vt cht khc.
o in thng s vo cng thc Reynol tnh dng chy ri hay tng
thay vo cng thc. vi tc nc chnh l vn tc nc (2,5 m/s hoc
2 m/s). V d l ng knh ca ng tnh ra khi c lu lng.
o Sau tnh h s .
o Thay vo cng thc tnh Pms. Vi mt nc thay vo l 1000
Kg/m3.
o Tnh Pcb: kh khn h s tr khng cc b ta da vo bng tra thng
s k thut ca nh sn xut, hoc theo cch tnh trang 6-7chng 10
gio trnh iu Ha v thng gi (s lng co, ct, t, gim.v.v.). Tr
khng cc b bng tng cc tr khng cc co, t, cc v cc van nc.

+ V d bi ton nh sau: ng ng di 60 mt, Lu lng nc 28,8 l/s,

ng ng DN150, nc thng 30oC. V = 2,5 m/s. ng ng c 2 van v 1
co 90o.
=> nht 0,8 x 10 -6 m2/s.
=> Re = 2,5 x 0,15/0,8 x 10 -6 =47 x 104 >104. => dng chy ri.
=> = 1/(1,82 log 47 x 104 - 1,64)2 = 0,01.
=> Pms = 0,01 x 60 x 1000 x 2,52/(0,15 x2) = 12500 Pa ~ 1,27 mt
nc cao.
=> Pcb vi mi van c tr khng cc b l 2,5 v co 90o l 0,6. Tr
khng cc b tng l 5,6.
Pcb = 5,6 x 1000 x 2,52/2 = 17500 Pa ~ 1,78 mt nc cao.
H3 = 1,27 + 1,78 = 3,05 mt nc cao (> 2 mt nc cao trn v cha
xt n tn tht co, van).

4. Tnh ton Bng phn mm:

+ Mnh s dng phn mm pipe flow wizard V1.12. Download Ti y
o Phn mm ch yu tnh ct p H (ct p tng trn ng ng).
o y l cch tnh ton nhanh nht c kt qu tng i nht.
o Nh nhng trong vic tra 3 i lng: nht v khi lng theo
nhit , tn tht cc b ng ng khi cha tm c tr khng
cc b trn catalogue.

Phn mm c 4 phn, tuy nhin ta ch tp trung vo phn u tin l tnh p sut

(find Pressure). Giao din m hnh nh sau:

Cc bc th t nh sau:
a. Chn h n v l metric, Lu lng chn l m 3/hr.
b. Internal roughness: i din cho sc cn hay sn si mt
ng, ta khng in vo. Ta ch in click chn vo Pipe material chn
loi vt liu ng (ng nha regid PVC, ng thp steel, ng inox
stainless.v.v.). Mi loi ng c nhm khc nhau.
 c. internal diameter: chn ng knh trong ca ng (ng DN 15
(phi 21), DN 20 (phi 27), DN 25 (phi 34), DN 32 (phi 42), DN 40 (phi 49),
DN 50 (phi 60), DN 65 (phi 76), DN 80 (phi 90), DN 100 (phi 114), DN
125 (phi 146), DN 150.v.v. Ta t chn v nhp vo kch thc ng DN
XX.
d. Length (mt): chiu di tng ng ng (ng ngang + ng cao).
V d trn l 40 + 20 =60 mt ng.
e. Elevation change:(H1+H2) cao ct p nc t im thp nht
n im cao nht v ct p mong mun ti u phun nc ra ngoi.
V d trn l 40 mt cao + u ra ng thm 5 mt phun cao =45 mt. 2
la chn: Rise l cng thm vo (bm t thp ln cao) v Fall l tr ra
(Bm t cao xung thp).
f. Flow: lu lng dng chy (m3/hr, lt/pht). Chn m3/hr. Nhp theo
lu lng mun tnh.
g. none: chn s lng co ct t van trn ng ng, my tnh tr
khng cc b tng thit b. Thng th khng c van lc (value filter). V
van lc gy tn tht p sut ln nht trn h thng, nn ta phi bt but
tra trm cng ring ct p vo bi ton khi kt thc.

h. Water @ 20oC (68oF): click phi vo n, chn nhit nc

thng 30oC (86oF). My t tra cu v a ra thng s nht
Centistokes 0,802. V khi lng ring Relative density 0,996
tn/m3.
 i. Click vo Calculate Pressure Drop: Ra ct p tng ( cng p
sut tn tht) Pressure Drop. n v l mhd hoc bar.

III. Chn Cng sut in cho bm nc: (khi c ct

p v lu lng).
1. Tnh cng sut bm theo cng thc thng: Khng chnh xc bng tra
th bm c sn ca hng sn xut, v hiu sut s dng l ly ty .
Cng sut in Pbm(walt in) = p lc (Pa) x 10-3 x Lu Lng(lt/giy)/hiu
sut s dng (n=0,65 ~ 0,9).
i t ct p mt nc ra p lc Pa ri thay vo cng thc.

VD: Mun bm bn 2 khi, bn t trn nc ta nh 3 tng cao 14 mt so vi v

tr cp nc t mng nc sinh hot, ng ng i theo chiu ngang tng l 10
mt. Dng ng thp, phi 34 (DN25), dng 4 co vung.
=> chiu di tng 14 + 10 = 24 mt tng.
=> chn bn cn 400 lt th bm => bm 1,6 khi/gi = 1600/3600 = 0,4444
lit/giy.
Da vo kt qu 15,227 mt nc = 149328 Pa.
=> Cng sut in = 149328 x 10-3 x 0,44444 / 0,65 = 102,104 Walt in.
Nu mun mua bm ta nhn cho h s d tr 1,4 ln. Tc bng
102,104 x 1,4 =142,95 Walt ~1/4 Hp in cho bm.

2 . Tra Th bm tng hng sn xut: Tra th chn cng sut my

bm.
IV. Mt S im Nhn nh Gi My Bm Nc:
Download Gio Trnh My Bm: http://www.mediafire.com/?3yqkzdw3bcsgmwh
Download: Bo Dng My Bm Nh My: http://www.mediafire.com/?
i9e41b1ea3d6f17
o nh gi theo n. My gi cng cao n cng thp.
o nh gi theo hiu sut s dng, My ca Chu u hiu sut s
dng ln.
o nh gi theo mc chu ti, do kch thc dy qun ln hn,
kh nng chu qu ti ln.

(sites.google.com/site/nhietlanhcn)

V. Tnh ton thit k Bnh iu p:

TINH TON BNH IU P
Chung c thu nhp thp 350 h
dn
Lu lng bm tng p (m3/h) 17 Cho 3 tng p mi
Lu lng bm tng p(GPM) 74.851
p sut trn (bar) 3.10
p sut di (bar) 1.72
H s drawdown 0.32
Th tch bnh iu p (G) 233.90938
Th tch bnh iu p (L) 885.34698 chn 2 bnh 500L