Technical Data Sheet

INVISTA TERRIN Polyols

Cost-Effective Alternative to Conventional Polyether and Polyester Polyols

Introduction TERRIN polyols can be used in lieu of or in combination with

conventional polyether or polyester polyols to formulate a variety
of polyurethane products designed to be soft and flexibleor hard
and stiff. These versatile, aliphatic, polyester polyols can be used in
applications ranging from viscoelastic foam to spray coatings and
adhesives to elastomeric resins. TERRIN Polyols:

Are cost competitive in comparison to conventional polyols

Contain a minimum of 50% recycled or renewable1 content
Have similar hydroxyl values to castor oil, and can be
substituted on a nearly equal weight basis
Are REACH and TSCA compliant

In addition, TERRIN polyols are an easily handled, low-viscosity

liquid at room temperature. TERRIN product offerings
especially 168 and 168Gremain pourable liquids at -15C/5F and
below2. TERRIN polyols do not crystallize and exhibit Tg in a
range of approximately -60C to -75C.

Application High-Resilience Polyurethane Foam

This This Technical Data Sheet is intended to illustrate how TERRIN polyols can be used in
high-resilience (HR) polyurethane foam. HR foams are typically open-cell, flexible foams
with relatively high resilience and rapid post-deformation recovery compared to low-
resilience or viscoelastic foams. The formulations herein are not optimized for any specific
application and arent intended to cover the entire range of possibilities but are meant to
provide the experienced polyurethane formulator with ideas, performance trends, and
starting points for HR foam formulations. The information set forth herein is furnished free
of charge and is based on technical data that INVISTA believes to be reliable, provided that
INVISTA makes no representation or warranty as to the completeness or accuracy thereof.
It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own discretion and risk, who
will make their own determination as to its suitability for their purposes prior to use. As with
any material, evaluation of any compound under end-use conditions prior to specification is
essential. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under or a recommendation
to infringe any patents. In no event will INVISTA be responsible for damages of any nature
whatsoever resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information contained herein or
the product to which the information refers.Highlights of the results are summarized below,
followed by full details of the formulations, testing and complete tabulated results.

1
As defined by ISO 14021, Section 7.8; preliminary estimate based on small-scale production.
2
Patents pending; consult the SDS for additional physical-chemical, safety and health information July, 2015

Features TERRIN 170 offers the polyurethane (PU) foam formulator several
potential benefits when partially substituted for conventional
polyols in high-resilience polyurethane foam. Benefits observed in
lab-scale tests include:
Increased strength and load-bearing capability
100% Renewable and recycled content1
Potential to substitute for or use in combination with graft
polyols
Potential to reduce cost
Similar reactivity to conventional polyols

Tear strength Tensile strength 50% CFD

120%

100%
Increase vs base formulation

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

-20%
20% graft 10% TERRIN 20% TERRIN 30% TERRIN
polyol 170 170 170

Figure 1: Comparison of high-resilience foams made using graft polyol or
TERRIN 170 to the base formulation with no graft or TERRIN polyol (complete
test data in Table).

Results Strength and load-bearing properties

One main benefit from TERRIN 170 in HR foams is increased
strength and load-bearing capability. In both free-rise and molded
foams, tensile strength, tear resistance, and compression force
deflection (CFD) values increased with addition of TERRIN 170
polyol in formulations with or without graft polyol (Figure 1). As
expected, the reference foam with 20% graft polyol had higher
tear strength and CFD than the reference foam without graft
polyol. However, foams made using 10% and higher amounts of
TERRIN 170 polyol prepared without a graft polyol exhibited
tensile strength, tear resistance, and CFD values comparable or

higher than the reference foam prepared with 20% graft polyol.
These observations indicate that TERRIN 170 can improve
mechanical strength and load-bearing properties of HR foams and
have potential to replace graft polyols for this purpose.

Reactivity

Observations of reactivity indicate that TERRIN 170 can be

incorporated into HR foams with little or no change in catalyst
package and that the system responds as expected when catalyst
changes are made. As can be seen from the free-rise foam cream,
gel, and rise times in Table 4, addition of TERRIN 170 had only
small effects on reactivity and density of foams without graft
polyol. Density of foams containing graft polyol and 15 or 20%
TERRIN 170 was higher than desired, but was easily adjusted
back to the desired range by a small increase in diethanolamine,
which is an expected response to that catalyst change. No issues
were encountered in processing molded foams.

Burn Rate

For foams without graft polyol, the results in Table 4 indicate a

trend of decreasing burn rate with increasing TERRIN 170
content. All foams containing graft polyol were self-extinguishing
in the burn rate test.

Other Properties

Addition of increasing amounts of TERRIN 170 polyol reveals

trends of decreasing resilience, increasing hysteresis, and
increasing wet and dry compression set. However, resilience of
foams prepared with 20% TERRIN polyol without graft polyol
was still 55%, the minimum requirement for HR foam according to
ASTM D 3770-91. Molded foams with 10% TERRIN 170 and no
graft polyol exhibited hysteresis loss of 31%, which meets
requirements of the Chrysler Material Standard for Type IV seating
foam.2 Foams prepared with 10% TERRIN 170 polyol meet the
wet compression set requirements for Type III and Type IV and
those prepared with up to 25% TERRIN 170 polyol meet the
requirements for Type IV seating foam of the Chrysler Material
Standard.

As noted earlier, the formulations tested herein were not

optimized nor targeted for any particular application. TERRIN
polyols provide the formulator with cost effective alternatives to
consider when optimizing a HR foam formulation to meet a
balance of performance criteria while minimizing cost.

Preparation A model high-resilience foam (HR foam) formulation based on

toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was used to evaluate performance of
TERRIN 170 polyol when substituted for polyether polyols in free-
rise or molded HR foam. TERRIN 170 was also evaluated in
comparison to and in combination with graft polyol as a means to
improve strength and load-bearing properties of HR foam.

Polyols used in the formulations are described in Table 1, other

materials in Table 2, formulations in Table 3, and foam properties
in Table 4. As TERRIN 170 polyol was substituted into the base
formulation, the two conventional polyether polyols were removed
equally and proportionately to maintain constant weight of polyol.
All foams used 3.6 parts by weight (pbw) water per 100 pbw
polyols. Other ingredients including catalysts were held constant
except that the amount of diethanolamine was increased in two
formulations with graft polyol to maintain density of the resulting
foam close to the reference foam (formulations TERRIN-NC-15DE
and TERRIN-NC-20DE). Isocyanate was adjusted to maintain NCO
index at 90.

Table 1: Polyols
Polyol Description Supplier Equiv. wt.

TERRIN 170 Aliphatic polyester polyol INVISTA 348.8

POLY-G 85-29 Ethylene oxide-capped polyether triol Monument 2141

VORANOL Catalytically active, high-functionality,

Dow 1753
VORACTIV 6340 Ethylene oxide-capped polyether polyol

SPECFLEX NC 701 Grafted polyether polyol Dow 2244

LUMULSE POE 26 Ethoxylated glycerin, cell-opening polyol Lambent Technologies 416.1

POLY-G is a registered trademark of Monument Chemical, LUMULSE is a registered trademark of Lambent
Technologies. TEGOSTAB is a registered trademark of Evonik Industries. DABCO is a registered trademark of
Air Products and Chemicals. VORANOL, VORACTIV, SPECFLEX, and LUPRANATE are trademarks of Dow
Chemical Company.

Table 2: Other materials
Other materials Description Supplier Equiv. wt.

TEGOSTAB B4690 Polyether/Silicone Oil Mix - Surfactant Evonik 1335.7

Triethylenediamine in dipropylene glycol -

DABCO 33LV Air Products
Catalyst 105

Diethanolamine with 15% water - Catalyst,

Diethanolamine LFG 85% Huntsman
cross-linker 35.04

LUPRANATE TD80 Toluene diisocyanate, 48.0% NCO BASF 87.5

All foam preparations reported in Tables 3 and 4 were scaled to

use a total of ~200 g polyol components. To prepare a foam, the
polyols and other non-isocyanate components were combined,
isocyanate added, and the formulation mixed for 5 or 7 seconds
using a high-torque mixer. The mixture was transferred to an open
polyethylene container and allowed to free rise or into a preheated
aluminum mold (12x12x2 inches dimensions, preheated to 65C).
For free-rise foams, cream time, gel time, and rise time were noted
then the foams were placed into a preheated 75C air-circulating
oven for 30 minutes to complete their cure. In the case of molded
foams, de-molding time was 270 seconds.

Foam Foams were aged for at least one week at ambient room
Testing conditions before testing. Full evaluation was carried out on
molded foams. The following properties were measured according
to ASTM D 3574-08:

Foam density (Test A)

Resilience by ball rebound (Test H)
Tensile strength at break (Test E)
Elongation at break (Test E)
Tear strength (Test F)
Compression force deflection (CFD; Test C)
Hysteresis (Procedure B CFD hysteresis loss)
Dry constant deflection compression set (Test D)
Wet constant deflection compression set (Test D and Wet
heat aging, Test L)
Tensile strength and elongation after dry heat aging
(Modified Heat Aging, Test K)

Horizontal burn rate was measured using an in-house method

based on ASTM D 5132-04. Dripping was observed in all cases.
Note that this test is for comparative purposes only within this
study. Results should not be compared to results from other
studies or results using different methods. Results of the above
tests are given in Table 4.

Table 3: High-Resilience Foam Formulations

TERRIN-NC-20DE
TERRIN-NC-15DE
REFERENCE-NC

TERRIN-NC-20
TERRIN-NC-10

TERRIN-NC-15
TERRIN-NC-5
REFERENCE

TERRIN-40

TERRIN-50
TERRIN-20

TERRIN-30
TERRIN-25
TERRIN-10

TERRIN-15
TERRIN-5
Sample designation
% Graft polyol on total
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
polyols
% TERRIN 170 polyol on
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 0 5 10 15 15 20 20
total polyol
% TERRIN 170 polyol on
0 3.3 6.6 9.9 13.1 16.3 19.4 25.6 31.6 0 3.3 6.6 9.9 9.9 13.1 13.1
total formulation
Polyol part

POLY-G 85-29 polyol 48.5 46 43.5 41 38.5 36 33.5 28.5 23.5 38.8 36.3 33.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 23.8
VORANOL-VORACTIV
48.5 46 43.5 41 38.5 36 33.5 28.5 23.5 38.8 36.3 33.8 33.8 33.8 28.8 33.8
6340 polyol
SPECFLEX NC-701
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4
polyol
TERRIN 170 polyol 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 - 5 10 15 15 20 20
LUMULSE POE 26 cell
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
opener
Water, surfactant, catalyst

Water added 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6

TEGOSTAB B 4690 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

DABCO 33LV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Diethanolamine 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 1.5 2

Residual water 0.237 0.237 0.236 0.235 0.234 0.234 0.233 0.231 0.23 0.234 0.233 0.233 0.232 0.306 0.231 0.306

Isocyanate part

LUPRANATE TD80 41.8 42.72 43.64 44.56 45.47 46.39 47.31 49.15 50.98 41.66 42.58 43.5 44.44 46.4 45.34 46.98

Table 4: Reaction profiles and properties of free-rise and molded high-resilience foams

TERRIN-NC-20DE
TERRIN-NC-15DE
REFERENCE-NC

TERRIN-NC-20
TERRIN-NC-10

TERRIN-NC-15
TERRIN-NC-5
REFERENCE

TERRIN-40

TERRIN-50
TERRIN-20

TERRIN-30
TERRIN-25
TERRIN-10

TERRIN-15
TERRIN-5
Sample designation
% Graft polyol on total polyols 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
% TERRIN 170 on total polyol 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 0 5 10 15 15 20 20
Free-rise foams - reactivity and properties
Cream time, sec. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 9 9 9 8 8 8 8
Gel time, sec. 34 38 37 36 34 34 33 28 25 34 34 33 31 25 30 23
Off-gassing time - - 41 38 39 36
Rise time, sec. 52 52 51 51 49 47 47 41 36 44 43 43 - - - -
Free-rise density, pcf 1.79 1.77 1.73 1.76 1.83 1.92 1.92 2.25 2.27 1.89 1.72 1.93 2.21 1.94 2.56 2.27
Resilience via Ball Rebound, % 59 58 57 55 51 46 42 35 28 61 57 53 - 47 - 45
Molded foams - properties
Core density, pcf 2.95 3.12 2.94 3.11 2.95 3.07 2.92 2.88 3.05 2.77 2.9 2.92 - 3.34 - 2.99
Tensile strength at break, psi 12.5 11.1 14.8 15.4 18.3 18.1 25.1 25.7 28.0 11.7 19.3 16.7 - 17.3 - 21.4
Elongation at break, % 107 90 97 93 102 78 93 83 76 82 97 88 - 63 - 73
Tensile after dry heat aging, psi 20.1 14.4 18.6 18.9 20.5 22.3 21.3 25.3 21.7 19.3 20.7 21.0 - 18.8 - 20.3
Elongation after dry heat
186 125 144 128 124 102 93 84 58 124 119 95 - 74 - 80
aging, %
Tear strength, Die C, pli 5.77 5.53 6.92 6.08 7.21 8.97 9.65 10.24 10.95 6.52 7.43 7.72 - 7.27 - 9.01
Compression force deflection (CFD)
At 25% deflection, psi 0.4 0.45 0.46 0.55 0.64 0.85 0.9 1.15 1.58 0.48 0.63 0.65 - 0.89 - 0.98
At 50% deflection, psi 0.57 0.64 0.67 0.79 0.9 1.12 1.23 1.61 2.45 0.7 0.89 0.91 - 1.25 - 1.42
At 65% deflection, psi 0.85 0.95 1.02 1.18 1.37 1.63 1.9 2.37 3.76 1.04 1.29 1.33 - 1.99 - 2.26
Dry compression set, % 3.8 4.6 5.6 11.6 13.4 15.3 18.7 30.7 38.2 6.3 6.7 10.9 - 11.8 - 14.2
Wet compression set, % 14.7 15.5 19 20.2 20.6 21.5 31 39.6 45.1 12 16.2 22.2 - 24.9 - 27.1
Resilience via Ball Rebound, % 64 61 60 57 55 50 45 40 35 66 62 57 - 55 - 50
Hysteresis loss, % 23 29 31 48 48 60 68 73 67 30 56 69 - 82 - 87
Burn rate, mm/minute 73.1 70 68.3 67 62.9 58.7 56.8 55.4 53.9 self extinguished

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