Modern Electronic Circuits Reference Manual

EL Tr) ie Modern 1 I-veiscoral to (@siceibh ae Reference Manual MarkusMODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL Over 3,630 modern electronic circuits, each complete with values of all parts and performance details, organized in 103 logical chapters for quick reference and convenient browsing JOHN MARKUS Consultant, McGraw-Hill Book Company Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY New York St.Loule San Francisco Auckland Bogotd Hamburg Johannesburg. London Madrid. Mexico. Montreal" New Dalhi Panama Parle Sto Paulo Singapore ‘Sydney ‘Tokyo TorontoLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Markus, John, date, Modern electronic ciruits reference mana “Over 3690 modem electronic circuits, each con with values ofall parts and performance details, ‘organized in 103 logical chapters for quick reference and convenient browsing.” Tneludes bibliographical referonces and indexes 1. Electronic eiruits—Handbooks, manials te 2 Integnted circuts—Handbooks, manuals, etc, 1 Tite. TRTBST.M345 — 621.8815'3 7.20006 ISBN 0-07-040446:1 Copyright © 1980 by McGraw-Hill Inc.All sights reserved. Printed inthe United States of America. No pat ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form torby any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, oF otherwise, without the prior written permission ofthe publisher, 34567800 KPKP 8987654321 ‘The editors for this book were Tyler G. Hicks and Joseph Williams and the production supervisor was Sally Fliess. It was set in Univers @5by University Graphics, Inc. Printed and bound by The Kingsport Press,Contents Preface vi Abbreviations used * Semiconductor symbols used | il Addresses of sources used =... xv 1. Amplifier crcuits ccc. 2 Antenna cicuite 6 3. Audio amplifier circuits 2 4 Audio control eieults 2 5. Audio measuring circuits. 70 6. Automatic et ral a 2 101 ne 11. Cathodo-ray circuits 32. Clock signal circuits 13. Code circutts 14 Comporator circuits 18. Contact bounce suppressi 16. Converter circults—anal to-digital m 17. Converter citcuits-—DC to bc 188 co Converter cca to-anslog cee 198 18, Converter circults— general Converter cirouits radio Counter circuits ....... 2. Current control eieuite Data transmission circute Digital clock ercults Display circuits Fiber-optic iruits Filter ercuits—active Frequency counter ciruits Frequency divider circuits SESBENEEERES RRESESRSSERE Frequency mi ercults Frequency modulation creuite Frequency multiplier clcuits ring . Frequency synthesizer Function generator circuits Game cireuits IF amplifier circuits Instrumentation route Integrator circults intercom clruits| Keyboard circuits |. Lamp control circuits Limiter circuits LLogarithmie circuits Logie ereui Logic probe circuits Medical creuits Memory circuits - Microprocessor circuits Modulator creules ‘Motor control circu ‘Mattiploxer circuits 5. Multiplier ereuts Muttivibrator et ‘Music eireute Noise circuits Phase control circuits. Phonograph circuits 5. Photoelectric circuits Photography creuite Power control circuits Power supply drouits Programmable circuits Protection creuits an 383 SRSERESES age 71. Pulao generator circuits 72. Receiver circuits 7, Regulated power tppty circuits 5 74, Rogulator crits 75, Romote control circuits 76, Repeater circuits 7. Resistance measuring celeuits 3. Sampling circuits Serve eireuts ‘Signal generator clreuits |. Single-sideband circuits ‘Siren elcuite 3. Squelch circuits ‘Sweep circuits ‘Switching eircute ‘Switching regulator rule 9. Tape recorder circuits Telaphone circuits 97. Touch-switeh creults 98, Transceiver circuits 99. Transmitter circuits 100. Voltage-contrlled oscillator areults ~ 101, Voltage-level detector lecults Voltage measuring circuits 81 1180 106 108, 1195 1203Preface Over 3,630 practical modem electronic circuits are arranged here in 103 logical chapters for convenient browsing and reference by electronics engineers, tech- nicians, students, microprocessor enthusiasts, amateur radio fans, and expe menters. Each circuit has type numbers or values of al significant components, an identifying title, a concise description, performance data, and suggestions for other applications. At the end of each description is a citation giving the title of the original article or book, its author, and the exact location of the circuit in the original source. This fourth in a series of state-of-the-art reference volumes illustrates dra- matically the accelerated trend to integrated cireuits that has taken place since publication of “Guidebook of Electronic Circuits” in 1974. About half of the applications now use ICs, and tube circuits have become a distinct rarity. This trend becomes even more evident when comparing circuits with those in the first and second books of the series, “Sourcebook of Electronic Circuits” and “Electronic Circuits Manual.” The four books supplement each other and together provide a total of over 13,300 different practical circuits at a cost of only about 1 cent per circuit. The collection can serve as a basic desktop reference library that will match retrieval speeds of computer-based indexing systems while providing in addition the actual circuit diagrams. ‘The circuits for this new book were located by coverto-cover searching of back issues of U.S. and foreign electronies periodicals, the published literature of electronics manufacturers, and recent electronics books, together filling well over 100 feet of shelving. This same search would take weeks or even months. at a large engineering library, plus the time required to write for manufacturer literature and locate elusive sources. Engineering libraries, particularly in foreign countries, have found the: circuit abstracts to be a welcome substitute for the original sources when facing limitations on budgets, shelving, or search manpower. As further evidence of their usefulness in other countries, some of the books have been translated into Greek, Spanish, or Japanese. Entirely new chapters in this book, further emphasizing evolution of the industry in recent years, include Clock Signal, Fiber-Optic, Game, Keyboard, Logie Probe, Microprocessor, Programmable, Switching Regulator, and Touch- Switch Circuits. Significant new circuits appear in chapters found also in pre~ vious books, particularly for Automotive, Burglar Alarm, Digital Clock, Fire Alarm, Flasher, Frequency Counter, Frequency Synthesizer, Instrumentation, Intercom, Lamp Control, Medical, Memory, Motor Control, Musie, Power Con- tol, Protection, Siren, Stereo, and Telephone Circuits. mtwit, To find a desired circuit quickly, start with the alphabetically arrange: of contents at the front of the book. Note the chapters most likely to contain the desired type of circuit, and look in these first. Remember that most applications use combinations of basic circuits, so a desired circuit could be in any of several different chapters. Scope notes following chapter titles define the basic circuits covered and sometimes suggest other chapters for browsing. Ifa quick scan does not locate the exact circuit desired, use the index at the back of the book. Here the circuits are indexed in depth under the different names by which they may be known. Hundreds of cross-references in the index aid searching, The author index will often help find related circuits after one potentially useful circuit is found, because authors tend to specialize in certain circuits Values of important components are given for every circuit because these help in reading the circuit and redesigning it for other requirements. The de- velopment of a circuit for a new application is speeded when design work ean be started with a working circuit, instead of starting from scratch. Research and experimentation are thereby cut to a minimum, so even a single use of this cit- cuit-retrieval book could pay for its initial cost many times over. Drafting errors on diagrams are minimized because any corrections pointed out in subsequently published errata notices have been made; this alone can save many frustrating hours of troubleshooting. ‘This book is organized to provide a maximum of circuit information per page, with minimum repetition. The chapter title at the top of each right-hand page and the original title in the citation should therefore be considered along with the abstract when evaluating a circuit Abbreviations are used extensively to conserve space. Their meanings are given after this preface. Abbreviations on diagrams and in original article titles were unchanged and may differ slightly, but their meanings can be deduced by context. Mailing addresses of all cited original sources are given at the front of the book, for convenience in writing for back issues or copies of articles when the source is not available at a local library. These sources will often prove useful for construction details, performance graphs, and calibration procedures. To Joan Fife, student at the University of Santa Clara, goes eredit for typing the complete manuscript directly from dictation while correcting this author's grammar and punctuation practices of yesteryear and even catching technical oversights. Handling of hyphenation, abbreviations, and citations was entirely her responsibility, along with final editing, markup for the printer, and production of the index. ‘To the original publications cited and their engineering authors and editors should go major eredit for making possible this fourth encyclopedic contribution to electronic circuit design. The diagrams have been reproduced directly from the original source articles, by permission of the publisher in each case. John MarkusAbbreviations Used acc ape AD, DIA ADP AFC AFSK. ah atu AND ave 8co 8FO © cary cco cetv om. ‘cmos cMR ‘eMAR coHO COR cosmos cpu cr ampere alternating current AC orc ‘analog-to-d ‘analog-to-digital ‘automatic data ‘audio frequency ‘automatic frequency ‘control ‘audio frequeney-shitt keying automate fine ‘uning ‘automatic gain ‘control ampere-hour thmetieoglc unit ‘amplitude ‘modulation ‘AM or FM type of loge circuit ‘automatic volume ‘control bit binary-coded decimal beat-requeney oscillator bit per second cable television citizens band ‘charge-coupled ‘device closed-circuit ‘television ‘centimeter ‘current-mode logic ‘complementary MOS ‘common-mode rejection common-mode rejection ratio square centimeter coaxial eable coherent oscillator cearrior-operated relay complamentery- cro crom cat DA EMF EPROM RP ew wv EVR EXCLUSIVE.OR EXCLUSIVE. NOR cathode-ray oscilloscope control and read-only memory eathode-ray tube center tap continuous wave digital-to-analog igital-to-analog deci Cale sound level in decibels decibels above 1 mW decibels above 1V. direct current Dc to 0c direct-coupled ‘transistor logle diode AC switeh ‘dual i digital multienet ————at——4$— outnre BE: PARAPHASE PHASE INVERTER—Usee 180° ‘hase diferonce between soure and dain out. Dts of Siconix U182 FET to convert AF input {fo push-pull output whhout taneormer Volt ‘ge ga In cach hal of ult i about 08. Fr ‘quency response reared to 1 he eat within 3.08 from 80 He to 50 Kz, when using meg. ‘hm outputload AP. Turner, "FET Greate,” oward W. Same, Indianapolis, IN, 1977, 2nd 230. WATER-COOLED—Used to excite mag- etic specimens in equancy ra Tote at outputs up to 12 A. Output stage uses ‘wo complementary puts of emiterfllowere ‘connected so each pat forms hal of bridge, Using M4030 end MJAEZ3 "Detingtons ‘mounted on iqui-cooled hestsine. Article de: signed for 32:VDC supply, which connects to ‘op and bottom horizontal buses on dlagram, Feedback crus are drawn in heavy ines, Re- ‘Sotors in svi with Davingtons (R25, rope: ‘senting 025 ohm) are wound from resistance trie ance dey mt erry large eurants: Out [put impedance of celts lea then 0.5 abe, {or matching to low-resitancelosd.—I.L Ste: fant end. Perryman, Liguls Coed Power Arm pier, Wirieas Wark, Dec. 1974, p 605-807,I 1 ‘sing FET to drive bipolar transistor I ‘olnts at 100 Hz and 0.8 Mz, Components are onedial and canbe changed consdereblyin =| I i tT Saat inne sae tegen enn soum ocpat esr tones nd cemedterirc pane neato Senteweisun st nee some ene 10] ‘ges voltage gui of for FET —I. M Gotlb, 008 MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL 2204s PREAMP—Narrow-band stage using Farehitd MT-2500 bipolar translator lvoe gain ‘of 6 to 9 dB and noise figure of 25 to 43 avy resonators at both input and output give ‘xealont foqueney selectivity. Sina creat ‘an be used with Fleild MT-4500, FMT 4006, ot equvalnt newer stptinesype transistors RECT ie 3 tune and RFC2 ie 5 turns, al-wound ‘vith No. 28 enamal by using No.6 dll as man ‘rl. Coupling stripe on base and collector of ‘transistor re 025mm breee shim stock Ace fdves constivedon and tuneup detall, along ‘ith atomete design for HP-28821E and HP 2359626 transistors ning coupling loops, 10K pot Is used only during tuneup —N, J Foot Nerow-Gend Solid State 230¢-Mite Preomll fers, Ham Rao, July 197, 6-1. ‘A New Look at SolléState Amplifiers, Ham ‘adi, Fob, 1978, 9 16-18 ee ‘on tine oF 80-0hm input of Instruments such ‘es tpeatum analyzer, video amplifier, oF fre. IMPEDANCE CONVERTER—Used to match 10- quency counter. Voltage gun Is exactly O5.Fre- ‘megohm input impedance to S0-chm trenamis-queney reponse rom DC t 20 MI and can ab be boosted by using higher frequency transis tor-—M. J, Salat, FET Probe Drives 50-Ohm Loed, EON Magazine, March 8, 1973, p 87 and rs> FET-BIPOLAR SOURCE FOLLOWER—Used where soutes follower with high output-vot AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS 5 ‘200-Mite CASCODE—JFETe give low cross: modulation, large signal-handing sbity, and AGC action contoledby basing upper cascode FET. Neutateton isnot needed —"FET De- ‘abook,” National Semiconductor, Santa Clare, cA. 1077, p6.26-696. WIGH-VOLTAGE BUFFER—circult shown for ATER voltage regulator permite use ts high ‘voltage and high-curent buffer in lnear app ‘ations. Power daspaton of output transitor is oni mting feta Iie proportions to Vic ur 3s Sop 0 ar so2or : ae anse6t nk VIDEO AMPLIFIER AGE capabity of Motorola 'MC1590G mates Righty sultable for wideband amt ‘rated Cleat REF Armplifer with Wide Range Behe BR ‘AGC.” Motorola, Phoenix, AZ, 1978, AN-STS, mi Sees ve ‘cia proportional toh, and output voltage Ve Broportons tol and Vne—G. Nk, Single Op ‘Amp implements High-VeltagetCurent Bute, EDN Megazine, Oct 5, 1977,p 96 nd 98. WIDEBAND VARIABLE GAIN—FET serves e8 ‘Grlvcontrolld device in feedback loop of Op- ‘eal Electronics 9908 opamp. Resistive T nat- ‘work hos 50201 MOS transistor ae ground lg, ‘wth retstor values chosen eo tensor aloe ‘ealy close to summing junction, automat Ting total signal votage. Resulting ar ‘angement of voltage-conrlied feedback and compensation gives variable gain amplifier ‘wth good linearity snd constant wideband gain levels —" Wideband Vavable ” Optical Electonics, Tucson 390206 MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL CCASCODE—Combination of unipolar and bi pole transistors gives dalrabl amplifying fe- UNTY-GAIN VOLTAGE FOLLOWER—Mes- dashed componantsto simple votagefotlowor tures of each soltstate device. deal for use ‘ured gan is 0.2087 VV with an erorof =0.9% design ghee earperfetperformence—C.An- with tuned ciel in audio, video, IF, and REF over 18.V wwing. Cheat hes Init input dren, The Ideal Voltage Follower. EEE Mage- sppiatons —i. M, Gottieb, A New Look at Impedance and sero bis current. Addon of 2inaJen.1871,p 63-64 Solid State Amplifrs, Ham Radio, Fb. 1976, HiGH.z PREAMP—Provides upto 20 mogohme of input impedance and has essential ft r- sponse trom 10 He to 220 Miz 3 serves at ‘rita roietor for G2, and miter follower OF ‘clues loading. Input impedance ie turther In ‘reas by adding optional components shown In dasod. nas. Tranlstors are 2NZT '5K2008, GES, or HEP-2—Crouk, 73 Mage: aloe, Feb, 1974, 9 102 10-48 GAIN AT 0101-100 Mitz—Hgh-gain wideband untuned general-purpose amplir thea Fated 2NS125 ot equivalent transistors In dlrectcoupled iru. Design la sable for both power supply and tompersture variations Gains adjusted with R, wth maximum of 38 to 44 dB and meximum output of about 1 VPP. Wil deve Towtevel transistor crete having load of bout 1000 ohm. teverl arnplirs ato used in series for higher gai, shietng le Include ampiifeation of pOAMPLIFIER CIRCUITS ‘ech transistor, phose with amped wave as pases down artical tranamission ne, de {that of other transistors. Cepactore marked meter Lucite od nd U2 uit are 7 tne Can ‘beused a preamp for frequency counter and ot salary for other test equipment. Atte ‘9 construction, heetsnking of ranlsto ‘enting.—H. Olson, Wide Range Brosdband ‘Ampliir, Ham Rao, Api 1974, p 4044 118-198 Mis BROADBAND—Designed for tow- level ampttude maduletion ayeter. 0-ohm line waneformersare wound with copper isbn onterrte core to give 1 ratio. Design and eon ‘Suction procedures ar covered. Trantor te Motorola 246003, rated 20 W for ¢W nput—8. Becalotn,“tmpadance Matching Networks Ap- piled to. RF Power Translators,” Motorol, Phoenix AZ, 1974, N72, 7. BIAS SUPPLY FOR CLASS AB—Two-trnsstor ‘supply using PNP acon translator a amplied ‘lode variablevoltage source glves Improved pertormenca translator RF power amplifier op- ‘rating n cls ABlinear mode. Tranastortypes ‘ro not crea. Output Impedance of bier Source ls about 1 ohm, and output voltage Changes only up to 34% for =28'V change Input voltage Voc—C.P. Bartram, las Supply for Power Ampere, Wrtess Wor, Ape 1978.96 DIFFERENTIAL PAIR—Conventional difrentist ‘mpliler circuit provides ferentatmed gan oF 36, commommade Input resistance of 500 ‘megohm, CMAA of 10648, and curent source ‘Sutputresistance greater than gigohm. Atte fiver dosign equtions—R-C. Jaeger and A. Hetlwarth,Dierental Casoode Ample Offre Unique Advantages, EDN Magazine, June 8, 197897® MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL LE VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED GAIN—2NS4S7 FET st a voltage arabe resistor between dif nda nput terminals of opamp Resistance var Teton fs Hear with voltage over several de des of raat, to give excelent electronic fein control, Values of reitors depend on ‘pemp used.—"FET Databook,” National Semi- ‘conductor, Santa Clara, CA, 1977, p6-20-6-96, = give maximum possible reduction In Input co- NIGH INPUT IMPEDANCE Simple JFET input pacttance, Used at unitygain AC ample. — Crate operated as source follower with "FET Databook,” National Semiconductor, Bootstrpped gate bas resistor and drain to Santa Clare, CA, 1977, p 626-698. +150 peein tOR2/ADD ‘ busy typteatty + vasa. aPAcnce 5-1 yagUSTHOT Yea aston a ANE bois RamnaLs oan 100 W FOR OC TO 500 ktt—Cheut using Op- ‘eal Electrons opamps has high Input imped anes, high guinexpabllty, and 100:W output apecty without use of wanetormers, for high ‘eolty‘sudio cre, cathode-ray deflection leu and servosystems, Output current up fo 10 A require heavy output Wing, large ‘power-supply bypass eapecty, and heavy com ‘man ground point Load is In feedback loop of ‘pamp. Constant-cuttent dive for load makes Impedance matching to loudspeaker unnoces- sary —"A High Gain 100 Watt Arif” Op- fel Electrons, Tucson, AZ, Appiaton Tip sea. 208 VIDEO— simple erat having gan of 20 {provides 3.48 bandwith of 20 MH for 20M WIDEBAND—RCA CA3040 IC fs con- “Linear IC Principe, Expaimanta, and Prof: CASTOO bipolar MOS opamp, Totl noe re- ectedforsingl-endedinputandbalanced out. ectn," Howard W. Sams, Indianapolis, IN, 1974, ferred to Input Ia only 36 .VRMS.—"Crout ‘ut with no resonant celts, Galn le above 30 162-163 and 168, 4 over wide frequency range—E, M. No, es for ACA Linear Id,” RCA Solid State DE ston, Somer, WJ, 1977, p12CONSTANT OUTPUT IMPEDANCE—Pulse out ut stage gives output ange rom millvots to S0VP- across S0ohme while optimixng wave form characteristics of output pulse, With re 20-48 VIDEO UNE DRIVER—ACA cAsto0 ‘wideband opamp and power transistor output vie AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS 2N2908 output transistors, ecu dative 200 ‘mA with 20m rie andtallimes-W.A, Palm, Pulse Ampiir Varies Amplitude, EDN Mage: ina, hug 8, 1978, 976. Miz. Upper frequaney limit for unity gain = bout 38 Ka.—"Lineor integrated Celt nd MOSIFET's." RCA Sold State Division, Somer S0-MHe POWER—Developed for use with 50. ‘Miz mlerotansister crystal oeletor welng ad vou opm i e P RC-COUPLED DIFFERENTIAL—input signal is ‘pplled to base of rat ferent! wmpifior and ‘ush-pull outputs obtained from pie and 10 {or tranefor to inputs of second 1. Feedback ‘tanstered through RC combination back to pin Sol fet. Guin a varied with AGC voltage sp jd to pln 2 of rat C-Gan i over 60 4B wth response from 100 He to 100 KHz —E. M. Nol “Linear IC Principles, Experiments, and Project,” Howard W. Same, Indlanepoi, I, 1974, p99ry MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL ee ae FET CASCODE VIDEO—Use of 2NS485 FETs ves very low input loading, with feedback re ‘duced slot to zero, Bandwidth of amplifiers Tied only by load resntance and capac ‘ance.—"FET Databook,” Netlonal Semcon 40.266 Mr VMos—Wideband power amplier using Siconic Mospower FET in nogativetead- ‘eck cout has flat gun within 0.5 8 over en ‘Ure operational range of 40 t0 265 Mie. Use 6 to tres of No. 30 on .W tmegohm reset 41a No. 22 twieted-plron Indiana General 525-002 trol ore Avo state charges unt twanastor ls soldered Into eeu —E. Oxnet, “Mospower FET at « Broedband Ampilfr, Ham Radi, Doe. 1976, 32-35. ‘ductor, Santa Cara, CA, 1877, p 620-636 {or Lt (not commarily molded ehoke). Ts 70-48 VOLTAGECONTROLLED GAIN—Armpl- ‘er, uses curent source Q, as emitarretstor ‘ provide correct current bias for class A op: ‘ration. Coupling through 180"nF capac Seon diode string DD, provides variable re- ‘stance needed to achlove variable gin. Sim ‘ple diferential amplifier 0,0, adjust forward Bias of dlodes to change their forward resi ‘ance inreasing postive contol voltage trom (to 45 V changes voltage gan from ~74 dBm to about ~4 dBm with reepect to 0-dBm Input signal N. A. Staner, Voltage Controlled Am- plfler Covers 70.8 Range. EDN Magazine, March 8, 1978, p 72nd 74. | y 4 SUMMING AMPLIFIER—Usee ACA cA301 fourtransstor say a2 cutrent-mirtor Wied ‘with lowrimpodenca buffered output, to serve highvpertormance summing armpltir. Mea. Sired harmonte distortion Ie lees than 1% at ‘voltage guns upto 50 and wth output swing OF 10V P-. High output impedance of 51 kik ‘hms canbe buffered by Q, connected as emit ‘artolower-—W. G. Jung. Monolthie Tred {Curent Summer, EDNIEEE Magazine, July 1, 17, ps2,AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS 1 Proms) om dw vg" “68 a |g 6 ANG, 08610 -tomDAT 604M BANDPASS—Gain stage provides nin of 6 8 trom 162 to 174 Mie Sit slope, Irnmediataty outside passband decrasser ot 80 Mi Uses eperive-design surface cous: ewave bendpass filter with 160. contr Araquoncy, 7% bandwidth and extremely steep ‘ir response Paral Inductor et eoletor ar ‘minal matches eapectance of scoustioweve A Gevics, and tapped Inductor matches output ‘terminal of fier to $0 ohms. Used in spread: spectrum communication receiver Artie cov. ffs design and construction offer on quart Sulbtrate TF. Cheek J RM. Heys J and €.S. Hermann, A Wide-Band Low-Shape Fee: tor Ampifier Module Using an Acoustic Sut- face-wave Bendpess Fite, IEEE Joumal of Sok State Create, Fb. 1973, p 68-70. 10 over bandwidth of 2 Mi with output volt tage wing of 12 V PP. Design procedure Is ‘hen. Ciel provides excelent lolation be {ween Input and output —"Signeties Analog ‘Data Manual” Signetce, Sunnyvale, CA 1977, pms-747. WIDEBAND BUFFER—Low Input capacitance of 2N54a6 FET makes compound saree ovdbeck butler serve es wideband unity-gein amplir ‘60. Mit NARROW-BAND—Sionetcs NESIO11 ‘ransistor array provides bandwith of 5 Mz having” high Input impedance ~"FET Date: {or3dB down and nolo igure of aBtor power ook Netlonal Semiconductor, Santa Care, of 308. Maximum output swing acrone 80 CA 1077, p626-#36.« MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL oe re ree TT ee npur som rep * ome ue T * oe ‘10-Mitz WITH 30-dB GAIN—CA3000 IC is oper- ne wre Sone . poege pecan iad : acne rom Ts meen Sea “ Projects,” Howard W. Sams, indianapolis, IN, (80 MHz WITH INPUT PEAKING—Response of sete eet CA3O40 video Cs extended beyond 80 Ht in tiple crcl that Inchides adlstabe input peaking cal Responses Nat within 38 to well Noll, “Linear IC Principle, Experiments, and Projects," Howard W. Sams, Indianapolis, N, 1874, 163 and 169, “tnd output can be used In one or more stages of Righperormence amplifier. BipolarJFET taseode rangement ffers significant ners In eommon-modelnputresitance and CMRA se ‘compared to conventional erent pe ith VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED —OPAMP—CASDBGA me Tle of no degradation of other pertormance ‘operations! transconductance amplifier uses badge to provide automatic tomperature com. parameters Diforentia mode gain tmonmode input resistance Iso ‘acho, CMRI groatr than’ Fent-souree output resistance Is gretor than ‘lgohm. Arle gives design equations —A.C. ‘ieeger and. A. HalwarthDiferotialCascode ‘Amplifier Otters Unique Advantages, EDN Mag ‘zine, June 5, 1874.9 78nd 20.CHAPTER 2 Antenna Circuits Includes circuits for measuring and adjusting VSWR, field strength, earth conductivity for grounds, an ‘well as antenna motor controle, radio direction finders, jenuators, remote antenna switching systems, RF magnetometer, and far-field, sources for tuning beam antennas. See also Recei ‘Transmitter chapters. ‘ORY, C2 — Lahtemiting dod, Motorela 1200 ob, 10 ma coma U1, U2, US — oMOS quad NANO ose, (onS'GR6 inch Seon spnl diode, NOTE 01.06, nel Scan aon wemeston SNISOA UD MOS aund NOF gate IC, RCA CD OAS inal,~ Switching iy, 12 Vde, AVE Varin, GE 75007 eau ue mii 385 or eau DELAYED BRAKE—Protects antenne otetoron in other direction. For sbout 3-4 delay in timer rotor system. Article covers constriction and ‘lah tower from damage by delaying brake ac- Us, uae 22 megahma for R and tp for Cie nealtion, Incloing modiatons nesded ton automatically aftr rotation and by dies stead of value shown. RVI Is commonly lated contol unl--A 8. White, A Delayed rake Re- ting directionsslector switches #0 antenna as VISOLAZOA by GE.§3.65 are original brake Igve forthe Hem OST: Aug. 1877, p M18, ‘syatem conststostopbeforerottion con begin ralane and direction stches in CDE Hart6 MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL LADDER ATTENUATOR—Iincerted in serot with eceving antenna to provide stops oft ‘enustion for comparing performance of anten- ‘sor proemps Resistors arak'W composition ‘wth 5% tolerance —D. Dette, What Does My ‘Meter Tell Met, OST, June 1977p 40-42. TWO-ROTATOR CONTROL—Low-cost Allance C-2257V antenne rotetor and Alance KZA ro: {ator with conrotbox are ured with single ren sintodead-bridge control crest Rotators op: ‘rate In tandem on some shat to provide double torque for handling mediomsize 20. ‘moter amateur radio entennas, One arm of {ridge Te S2D-ohm wirewound pot In whieh wiper postion is proportional t heading. Art cle covers wirlng and benc-testing of rote tors —F. E. Gehrke, Antenna Rotator for Me- ‘lum Size Boars, Ham Rado, Mey 1976, p48ANTENNA CIRCUITS ANTENNA ROTATOR—Two-opamp Whest: tenn. Cou ‘TT * ‘one bridge provides postive and negative tom ‘ror slgnalstogve proportional contolfor24. of ‘VOC mator uted for remote portioning of am- ton it wl operate with supply ranging 28, VOC. Offeet null ‘for 10K pot. Article describes opera- Teller, An AtilRotetor Servo, Wisiess World, jstment of cre indatall 0. . Apel 1875, p 177-181. ss DYMFORSWR—Converts voltage outputfrom Requires regulated VOC log: supply st 1Afor racy of digital reading i better than 0.1% over ‘nslog computer to divefor gle LED deplay gta loplay, slong with =15'V supplies for 0.8V range. ‘Maynugh, The Automate SHR of standing-wave ratio. Circuit ures Precaton loge. Arce give llgnment procedure. Accu- Computer, 72 Magaring, Dee. 194, p 86-87. Monotthis DA convertr AIMDAG- 1000-01.18 MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL SOMETER LOOP-PREAMPShielded Soot ‘suare loop and single preamp pul signals out ‘of moive whan propagation condlions mek ‘ther antannes uneatsartory. Operating vot {get supplied through cou fonder RY oates ‘Signal energy from ground, and C2 keope OC ‘voltage outo ecever input, Nulla reff broad ‘sid of loop —B. Boothe, Week Signal Recep- ‘ion on 160—Seme Antonna Note, OST, June one 1977, 935-38 TSBs aoe FARFIELD TRANSMITTER —Provdesfarld aes Shawor signal sure for turing Yagi and other beam *1Y Sntonnee weed om amateur ado rouancie. gy e 8 Gr ere oucttoropeatiginundamenti °*° 3, mode of 706M ert! to parm fk Erngth mecsurements at 1412, 2018 nd S.zanirlor20, 15 and Womater bends A {enna ines two Soot length of we cn tected a dpa Te Amidon core T502 th a eo ‘Zeura on primary and 20 ture coter‘apped Saao: To ga ‘namcondary 72 nstme core with 22urn prt tory and Sturn secondary 6 Hn, Closed tnop Antenna Tuning, 72 Magazine, May 107, son YSWR_METER—Simple, ously transported VSWR mater consists of high-gain ample, rnarrow-bandwiath (100-2) slective amplifier {uned to 1000 Hs, and variable gain output ame Dilfer ving low cost VU mtr. Ideal for mul Ingtype VSWR monsuroments. Draws. only ‘bout mA om 94 trantstor bate. Closing ‘Stincreetes grin about 100 times for low-level ‘reading. RY sata U1B 4 100 Hs, while R2 ets {eterence on VU meter—J. Reiser, Matching Techniques for VHFUMF Antanas, Ham Radlo, ly 1876, 9 50-86.ANTENNA CIRCUITS 8 SSELF-EXCITED EWR BRIDGE—Portable bridge has builtin signal soures for such band rom 20 through 10 meters, for tuning antenna on tower before transmission line fs connected. ‘Onllators ate erytl controled st desred an tena tune-up frequencies. Separate osclators {or ench band simpy switching problems, vo ‘only supply voltage from J; and osllator out its to moter veut need be switched. Curent Gran from 9V battary fs maximum of 12 mA Rand Ry shoul be closely matched, while Ry snd Ry should have s%tolerance —T.. Huck ‘An S\WAR. Belge witha Bultln 60 Through 10 Meter Signal Sourea, CQ. ine 1871,» 64-66, 8, ond 98. 2. 4—RCA 40745, TyPihs 201, #366. See 51. #96 0, Some S122" pole 6 postion subminionre rotary care on Ty ‘itch [Cetera PA- 2005). YinYe: Yr-Overtone eral for 10,15 and Se"Sipiit de sith 20" meter bands respectively, HCSU SiS ide swten elders TioPas T1't #36 0 Sees 3 1, #360. 0n Vy. YendO and 80 meter crystals respectively Tnclone General CF161 Q? tori in HEU holder Tyibes16y, $36.6 See 41. $56 6, Some cave 2 T Praca ® Roe [ ml (Vn and reverse (Val volinges as convention erica resistors during alignment —T, May- aly measured for SWM checks. Requires rogu- hugh, A Digital SWR Compute, 72 Magazine lated 18 VDC supply ot 40 mA. Atte gives Nov. 1976, p 80-82, 84, nd 88. construction detalle and covers adjurtment ofELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL 6,2, 2 ond 1097 sr min a [RF BRIDGE FOR COAX-—Simplifies adjustment “ ‘of vertieal antenna for 4,80, and 160 matrs Stn sad-on LC unk switches col for dasred gat Germenisn to, band, Values of C1-C4 and stendardretatr Rt Bean eR Ea once iad he gemnaundtn, Mier t6A022% 200 A ullsaleit 00 mM of powers vaable 12 ogy oe. signa soure. For shorter-wavelongth bands, TEPER Sse tke U1, put change resistance in parallel with J to 5600, sept wo ‘hms and omit C5. Li for 10 meters should then 151 pole Son water oi have 3% tums No. 18 spaced to occupy Me Inch ‘on Mil 4200 color 12 (15 meters i Sturm No. 16 enamel clsewound on similar form. 3 L {20 meters) te 11 turns No. 14 enamel on Mir {66u022-6form.—J. eviek, Simple RF Bridge, {S7, Apri 1975, p 11-16 and S-STEP_ATTENUATOR—Appliatons include ‘comparing performance ofvariousroceving wm ‘ennas and measuring gain of preamp used ahead of receiver. Dashed lines represent required shild parttions. All resistors are :W ‘composition with 5% tolerance —D. DeMam, What Doce My Motor Toll Me?, OST, June $877, paonan S0METERDIRECT.CONVERSION—Portablare. tor provides 20-KHs tuning range with RO, ade- ‘010g 9 of TT. ONOFF ewitch isnot needed. Lt ‘csber with directional fered antenna and ver. quate for the frequency used—.566, 3.508, Is 22'turns No. 28 enamel wound over two 10 ‘eal senae antenna wee developed for radio 3.695, or 3.690 Mitz 1s subminiature auto: x 95mm fete rods taped together. 1-06 are oshunting st 1975 Boy Scout Word Jamboree transformer with ohm and 2000-ohm sec- NPN highrequency small-signal randstors— in Norway, In competion for locating four tons, for -ohm headphones. For highimped NK. Halter Radio Foxhunting in Europe, GST, low-power erytabcontolied transmitters hié- ance headphones, connect Retdphone jck JT Nov. 1978,» 43-48. don slong #4 course. Varctortuned oscilcAI wo cre, ‘ley, Ve Brumties Ka'Tt 0G pat 8 {ANTENNA REMOTE SWITCHING Single RE {eed tine serves for feeding transmitter power {0 tower and selctng detred one of tron an tenes, With 81 ta nolther KY nor K2 is ener ted. AF energy then paeses through cable to Antenna termina #” and GND. In positon b WIND-ACTIVATED CONTROL—Anemometer {eoding meter relay energizes contol rele for antonne tower boat motor, t lower tower omatically when wind exceeds proset ale rer, wre No. 26 on 1-2ah Dwait ve postive hafavaves frm 12-VAC supply oper slay KY through GAT and CRG, #0 antenna 1's enargzed. With $1 otc, K2is energized ‘through OR and CR2forfendinge'—U. Lam mare, A Remote Antenna Switch, OST, Aug. 1974, paras a Ing wave ratio wel above mits of many inex ‘naive indlontor. For tanamtre up 02 W, coupling loop L1L2 ean be about 1 Inch long. Forhigh power tranamiter, loop length canbe reduced to about 'k inch —W. E. Parka, UH ‘SW indeator, 73 Magazine, June 1977,» 2. Sa et hy eS Baer ae, goer seamen SeScee var e wee, speed and raise again when wid drops wall below danger level When only K1 i energized, ‘motor rotates In tower-lowering dveton When KT and motorreversing rlayK2 are both s Seay bea im ion (Wicromiteh No. 11 STE primey, 24» weandry, 300 mA Uh Reap Se roy Se ‘energie, motor reverses and rags tower — ‘J Bermeteln, The Tower-Guard Syatom, 267, oe 1974, p 25-28.at oP view ERI ERE INS or aun OS iy fe Se am, wound on an LaF Wine No, 24 anan, wound on 7.682 B= eno’ onan. wound st pound ana ot LUNEAR FIELD.STRENGTH METER—Has su ‘ant senate for checking antenna pate tnd gain while positioned many wavelengths ftom antenna. Gan be used remotely by cot ‘ecting extemal moter at J2L1 i tuned! by C1 {or 80040 matory For 20,18, or YO mater, L2 Intatehad in parallel with L1. LB and G2 cover z Ls Turn No. 26 enam. 7, ~ turn. 1 gah, wound on 72642 core {ta foodies, aw tpt St hot mich pos, poston, 9 2 “Rotary site, 1 pat, pst 33 —oee Tonge ere bout 401060 Mis, while L7 and 2 cover 190, {0 10s. and-mtohed crate avoid use of Plugin inductors At moet sanatve seting of £52, Mt wal detect signals rom plckup antenna se weak a8 100 pV.—L MeCoy, A Linear Fal ‘Strength Meter, QS7, Jon. 1873,p 18-20. FOUR-POSTION MOTOR SWITCH—Single RE ‘waves from 12:VAC supply ean deve motor. ‘52s closed, poakive hall waves start 81. Once ‘started, motor runs until cam opene 5; W 52 hs not yet ben reloaed, motor continues un- ning on postive andnegativehal-waves, Diode brdge GRI-CR4 makes motor rotatelm ony one rection for elther dive polaty.W 82 tere leased, before 58 opens, motor stops 6V 1A lamp DS1 comes on cmly when $2 ts closed and brightens when 85 close. I'S a releesed MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL 081 — 100matt ight bub Bi — 146-ohms 6 watt, Probes ~ Sneha ron or copper, Spacing, ¢ = 18 inches; onetation depth, De teinenes, ff earn conductnty = @9) x (rinimmesimetet. [EARTH CONDUCTIVITY Simple AC measure ‘ment technique gives 25% accurecy, adequate {orsting amateurredio antennas and designing radial ground systems. Mousured value wal ‘ange om 1 to § milo per meta for poor Seviek, Short Ground Racal Syatome or Short Vertis, OST, April 1978,» 30-33 ‘ow, B1 drives to next postin and stop. 82 1a held down, switching continues. Meter Mi snd CR7 ienty postion of suftch, RU, in ‘ange of 1K to 10K, ee chosen fo gle sndtull daietion f meter Motor driven twitch ‘rough 2860-1 reduction gears taken {rom lar clock. All odes are O-PIV 44 alison {tuck es 104001—U. Lammers, A Remote Antonna Switah, OST, Aug. 1974, p 41-4,‘CAPACITIVE ANTENNA Combination of short ‘whip antenne and brosdband amplifier gives {tonne covering entire range of3 to 30 Mit without aqueney selectivity. 01 ls 2N3810 FET ‘ello starsat 3 and 38 Mis High gen of em lor makes combination simulate quarter: ‘wave whip over entre requencyrenge-—A. Wieon, The needle 18° Al-Band Antenne, 73 ‘Mapazing March 1875,» 49-80, = soe tx) NOISE BRIDGE —Used with communication re caver to measure impedance at antenna Yor ‘mina or at ond of tenamision tne, ae re ‘lred for adjusting. antenna matching and {Weding davies for desired impedance at spe- ‘ie requancy. Gonsiat of diode connected transistor broadbend-nais generator, 2=tage nolse ampli and toroid tranaformer bridge, ANTENNA CIRCUITS Bs Glee ‘e] ‘All tanalators are 2N5%29 or oqutvalont2NS127 ‘or2NSz20. Try dlforent translators url ighest ‘oles outputs obtained. Tore cre for rane: former ie inch Indlane General F102, Quad ‘lr winding has 4% turne of four No. 28 ‘namal wires twisted together, wound on core tnd connected as on ‘tao serve as wideband noise soure for slgnel A6OMETER PREAMP WITH FERRITE LOOP— Fenitered antenna i combined with tench ‘wire rod to give carohd radiation peter for low-noise 18h-meter antenna system. Preamp sing MPF102 FETs has gain of 25 dB. Lt i 48 ‘turn No, 4 enamel spreed te 4Sinches on O5- Inch Amidon ferried ? inches long Le & {um link wound over contr of. Laand US are ‘ach 50 turns No. 28 enamel on TBO:2 pow Aeredion tovold cores, with ture for links Ls tnd L8—D, DeMaw, Low-Nolee Receiving An- tonnes, 8, Dec. 1577, p 38-39. tess t EE Injection dering roubleshooting in AF oF RF ce ‘its, and anole soures for aligning RF or cuits J. J Schult, An Improved, Antenna [Noe Bridge, C0, Sept 1976, p 27-29 and 75,- MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL X LOGARITHMIC _WATTMETERSingle meter scale covers 11000 W with equaly spaced di Visions fr 1,10, 100, and 100. Thi og sale ‘makes kpossble to measure very ow reacted Powers and very high forward powers sim Taneously with. some percentage accuracy. Benis of operation Te that voltage dropped “VAdte MODULATOR FOR VHF SOURCE—Used with 144M signal generator deving VSWR brkge,formeaeuring and matching VHF anten- ras. dusts trquency of NEBSS timer used In place of customary MVBR. Sale-pass tran sletor increases output of MVBR about 28. ‘S-Relert, Metching Techniques for VHFUHE ‘Amtonnes, Ham Racha, Jy 1876,» 50-56. aeea meena TRANSMATCH—Tapped variable Inductance ‘and threebrosdoast tuning capacitors are cally ‘readjusted fo match low-power (QRP) trae titer to antenna for SWR of 1h commonly ‘Used amateur bands, Resistance brkge Is used ‘only for ntl determination of correct settings {or C1, 2 C3, and 52 at each bend tobe used. ‘Set 81 at feed poak output of tranemittr fo oie Loreen across frwardiaged 1N4002 slcon PN june tion dlode is proportional to logaritim of eur ‘ent through it For 80-ohm ine, wee 220 for R2 tnd 27 for Ra and Ra. For 75-ahm line, corre: Spending values are 180 and 33, Detector diodes 3116 W maximum), and adjust BA for ful sete teoding f MI. Nort, connect 60-ohm resistive fond Between CRAY netion end ground. Meter reading should now drop te ero, nah ‘exting null at 50 ama, Move G0-ohm dummy load to 2, et 51 at2, and adhust settings of CX, (G2 an C3 for 270 detection of mater, Note stings, then repeat foreach other tranemiter so pointcontact gurmanium rated at 80 PIV. [Arle gles construction deals, Ground coax brad at one end only. arte rng le O.5nch ‘Mullard FXiS96 or equlvelnt.P. , Martin, ‘Some Directional Wattmeters and Novel SHR Moter,78Mapazine, ug. 1974p 17,19-21,23- 24, ond 26. 1-03, incl. — Minianure 365:pF variable (Archer! Radio Shack No. 272-1241 or equiv CRT INIHA or equ, Lt = 15 turns No. 24 enam. wir, close-wound on ‘iaingh 1D Horrn. Remave Yorn site: winding, La Za tures No, 24" enum, wie on Amidon 1.808 toroid core, Tap 7 turns from each eh, (Amidon Assosietee, 12039 ‘Otgo St. N Hotivwood, CA 91607.) ta S28 turms No. 24 enam, wire on Amidon 1.502 toroid core. Tap at 8, 10 and 48 turns from L2 ond Fi ta S%3B turns No. 26 ensin, wire on Amidon 98:2 toroid core, Top 96, 12 and 18 tums trom Ld end, M1 Oto Tom de eter, 1-1/2 inches square, See ANAS, incl, — Sporcent ‘eltronce, Ra "= "Miniature 10,000-0hm contol, sudio. oF linear taper suiabie, Stohm, 2wott, froquency to be used. Repeat procedure with antenna or feed line In place of dummy lod, ‘ting smaloetinductance thet give SWR of ‘ter completing adjustments, set S1 to 3t0 bypost bridge for normal tanamitor oper ‘on—D. Daldew, A Poor Hams ORP Trane: ‘match, OST, Oe 1973.9 1-13,\VI CONVERTER Voltage developed scrdus S- ‘meter ls amplifed by 741 opamp having gla of 40.48 so full-scale voltage of 100 mv becomes 10 at opamp output. This dives modulation Input of $55 timer connected 02 foeunning conaltor. Nominal Tk output increases in feequancy as drive cure Ie reduead; con verealy, drop in Trequency eomesponds 10 ‘Stronger sgnelat Stor Devolopedfor ute as [able gulde when tuning Yogi end othr bear antenna for amateur radio operation —C. Hin. le, Closed Loop Antenna Tuning, 72 Mogecine, Mey 1976, p32-33. ANTENNA CIRCUITS Fevaarihe+2R0)e 0.2 1 TO 10 mW—Accurate low-power watt ‘meter uses small lamps as bareters for mes: Surin RF power up to 10 mW from 1 t0 800, [Miz Appeationsinclode measurements ofa ‘anna gain local ovellator frequency, VSWR, tnd tte response. Subminieture T-34 RF aan ‘Sor lamps operate in bridge crcl with RY 2, tnd Vologe diflerence between bridge logs leamplied by opamp UT. Bridge current river {1 supplies current for belancing bridge. Eau acum voltage of 3.8 Vat Vs fod to matering ‘reat Including U2. Article covers ealulation of values for ealbraton resistors RAR, which ‘ange from 8.715 to 7192 ohms JH Bowen, ‘Accurate Low Power RF Wattmeterfor igh Fre (quency and VHF Mousurements, Ham Radio, ee 1877,p 38-43, ANTENNA ROTATOR—Developed for use with COE TR-46 antenne contol using low-voltage [AC mator heving pot for bearing ideation. Cait sliminates need for holding contol handle in postion until antenna reaches desired bea won 8) Ing. Uses 12:VDC 1000-0hm 1-A relays, T SN7274L opamp U1, and wirewound 200 o- Felay is used for (perp connected in iferontet input mode thet responds only to diference valage be- ‘seoon wipers of pots RY and RE. Polarity of ‘opamp output dependson polarity of input vot fe dlferonce. CRG and GR energize K1 or K2 jepending on polar of oror signal. 9 and RS serve to bolance voltoge difrence remalning ‘when 7 and RB reat ravellimita- 9 alo mall ‘tla rovant when there eno input toU. Ae turecy le about 5" Diodes are 00-IV OSA sit IonK.H.Sueker, Automating the TR-4 An tevin Rote, OST, June 1973, p 28-30.28 MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL FIELD STRENGTH AT 7 Miis—Operates from ‘Single dr call. Meter canbe cllroted in ect bole with Hewlett-Packard 606A or equivalent Signal genertor ack permite remote meter Ing. L1 fr tens, and U2 i 20 tune wound on ‘Amidon T8-2 core —R. W- Jone, A7 Mis Var. ‘eal Parasite Array, QST, Now. 1973, p 29-43 and 2 INSTANT VSWR BRIDGEModiiod 1906 Tok: age at position 1 of $1 equals reflected voltage ‘ronlk constantamplude signal generator Isat postion 2 Article gives chert for nding combined with S0-ohm reslatance bridge to VSWR. Step-bystep procedure for modtying ‘ive stable high-accuracy Instrument for mee- signal enerotrie given.—D. Sander, Make A> suring vltage standing-waveratiousguldefor tena Tuning a Joy, 73 Magazine, May 1978.9 tuning antennas, Ranges 160 meters though 134-196. TO meter. Trim Rx o neident or forward volt dy emcee [ANTENNA POSITION CONTROL—IC loge pro- thet deves motor and brake release clays ‘ides automatic beak release and poatvepo- ‘Timer provents jamming of eeu by operetor sion control for commercial HarrM antenna ence Is ample by amor ampifer U2,Gom- etror--P. Zander, Automatic Postion Control rotator, Regulated power supply drives bridge parators U3 and UM determine rotation diac. forthe HAMM Rotate, Ham Rado, May 1977, having poston-sancing pot 8 In rotator and tion needed for rebalance end deliver loge psa 9 in contol box. When antenna Is n detred cous fo ting ciel also given In artic)ANTENNA CIRCUITS st tow na Lie) ig 36m) end a om md. MODULATION MONITOR—Provie of. the-sie ‘monitoring of RF signals upto 200 MH by re. ‘Med detection of AM signals and by slope de- ‘ection ofFM signals. Canale used as signal ‘wecer, audio amplifier orhiddan sranemitero- ‘exter. High-gen audio amptifior has lowe noise ‘escode input stage and output stage diving heedphone orloudepanker 5 volectsRFsgnals sttanution between generator and load. Use ‘al soures provides YonW CW output and & Orcllator rune continuously whle doubler ls, regulated power supply or batteries. Ret ‘mW modulated output at modulation fre keyed withsimpleONOFFaquerewavekeying.” sar Matching Techniques for VHPUMF Anton. ‘quency of 1000Hz. Spurious and harmonic out: Frosdom from load variations la obtained with na, Hem faa, July 1870, p 50-50 ‘puts ae 40 dB below desled output. 724i doubletuned ouput fer providing up t0 68ANTENNA CIRCUITS 2 | [oreo ACTIVE ANTENNA—Uses tuned loop with rl atively ow for broudbond operation over one smatour band, phese-coupledby FET to T0inch ‘ordeal senting antenna to give anidrectional toe an ae {ception pattem. Loop ls tuned to either 80 or ‘do metor by trimmer capector at Hs bags, Out put of loop tk coupled to another 3N%A2 FET torrent rage mck {ed a8 source folower, to iealate output of Serres SeSetn Toop hom heavy lasing effect of 0-ohm ran Shno iitalon line going to receiver. Peformance lo Comparable to that of fullsize querterave ‘erteal antenna on 40 mater. Batory source sweet FE ‘can be used because drains only about 2mA— ‘Jd. Schule, An Experimental Miniature An tena for 40 to 80 m, 73 Magazine, June 1973, p2e-s2 PROTECTION FORGRP TUNING—Simpleresis- yo ‘ve SWR bridge provides dummy load, relative TaunsharTee [Sean power outptindictor and seemethod of tur ing tanamiter without destroying transistors ‘cause of miamatahed led. Input vider Ri Ae has total reitance of $0 chs, ung iW ‘compostion resistors, fr dissipating tranemit- {er output whan St fin TUNE postion. MI ‘cates relative power applied to this load. An: ‘nme i connected through Transmatch, ‘antonna tune le adjsted for minimum defec: ‘ton oF lowest SWR. RS lsolter tranamitter tromantenna, With tin OPERATE postion, MT Indlestesreladve power output into antanne and wacking of tomadoes. Signals trom crossed _bigulty In oscloscope patter —A. W. Fergus, loop antennas feed dfecion amplifier of CRO. A Ham Radlo Severe Weather Warning Met. 73 ‘Artele covers problema valved and gves et. Magazine, Sept 1874, p 27-20, 32, 34-36, and ‘UR for sence amplifier that revolves 180" em. 38-38,0 MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL RF MAGNETOMETER —Mastures RF radition and current ieibution for antonnas, transmis: ‘ion lines, ground loads, bulsing witing, nd ‘halds. Canalo bo used as senatve portable Sele strongth meter Wilindiceteorentation of flld High eteut Is tunable from 1.8 to 150, [Miz fr nacting requency of feds produced ‘by REharmonie. Appleationsinlude detecting reradiaion trom ain gutters, metal fencing, {owers, and guy wires that are distorting an ‘enna ald patterns, and detecting radiation {rom ground lead, appliance power sords, nd hidden bulding wiring. When used as probe, ‘ill sccorataly pinpoint leakage of RF energy or alos In shlekded enclo- 1, Cp—5 amt nbular oF dtc coromi. ELS 120" mmf vorable copecito. Miley y-8.3:17 me—16 1. #22 on 1" |. 1/4" ftom Jona, hol #20100. ae terte rod sures. Operation le similar to absorptiontype uC C0047 mt wbulor or dsc ceromic ——«LsTASB me=6 1, #22 0n 5/81, X 1/4" wavometer, except that pickup ool electro: ‘copa forte rod. ‘ately shiaided by slotod shri trans TERE me_250 nt wile croic LASOAECZ 9. #22 imc, se former canteens epective upg or mica copacor ‘pporing, 1/4" Eo ees anascneencria 6422723.2'me=100 mf Webulor ceramic or Ly-60-180 me-2 t. #22 cirwound, sal Ores pickup ements. M. Scherer At PLP nico copoctor ‘supporing, 1/4" id. wih 3/16" spacing Magnetometer and Feld Strength Meter, CO. Uy 25.28°3 men 22 1. #22 on AIH" x 1/4 Between turn, spread or squeeted ot | Apr B7Hp lt i Fria ose lot needed lo cover wif 0090, pi 871, p 18-20. DIRECTIONAL WATTMETER—Gives 10% accu: gn’ «greys 2s ate racy between about 100 KHz and 70MM Fall ceguerreq PoE fale values of ranges are 1, 10,100, and 1000 'W. Low reaatance in sacondary cet of eu renttraneformer's spt into two equal pars, 20 ‘tim ond diference voltages are avallable wt nde of secondary. Meters then Indicate for- ‘ward and reflected power values. For S0-0hm Ine use 220 or RZ and 27 for and RA For 75- ‘hm Ive, cortesponding vluse are 160 and 3, Detactordlodes are poit-cotaet germanium ratad at 80 PIV. Article gives construction de- {alls Ground coexbrald at one end ony. Fert ‘ecrng i O.inch Mullard PXIESE or equiva: lent —P.G. Marin, Some Directional Wattme- ‘ters and Novel SWRMeter, 78 Magazine, Avg. 1974 p 17,1821, 28-26, and 26 wa omy EG = aie - we 7 Tee. Airs ore IN DIODE ATTENUATOR—Designed or inser-_curant Ie small NPN translator Q1 provides transformer can be grounded. CR1 and CRZ are ‘on between antenna and input of any HF re over 100 mA es current source to PIN ds. Q1 germanium diodes. Artie also give cut of Calvar to improve adocant hanna selectivity ladriven by AGC creul through JFET butter G2. ir ayetem using cascaded SMI crystal iors byproviding attention shead of micerforn-AGC voltage le derived from top of audio gain to improve selectivity further and provide over ‘ire toning range. Hewlett-Packard 50823379 control In tecelver for recicntion, with 200 all AGC contol range of 70 dB.—M Goldstein, PIN dlode has very low impedance when con- mVRIMS etinput of opamp UI glving maximum Improved RacaverSelactity and Gain Contra, ‘ducting and vary bigh kpedance when bias attenustion, Canter tap of TY lany small AF Ham Radio, Nov. 1877, p71-73BROADBAND NOISE AMPLIFIER Developed {for use with antenns noe bridges for mes ‘surements at 20 meters Provides 36 to 50 dB Satine! gun, nat ential constant overuse: ful range of 18 10 30 Mite, Three strong fed ancien Qn OE ‘SWRA METER—Gives direct messurement of ‘standing-weve ratio on transmission Tne, i dependent of abeohite power level and of re- ‘quency. Voltages of 1N4002 allan diodan are Proportional to logarthme of thelr curent, ‘which in tam are proportional to forward and {eflcted vottages: Mater scale le nonlinear, ‘with maximum sonavity ax SWR epprosches 11. For S-ohm line, use 20 for RZ and 27 for DUAL-RANGE RF WATTMETER—Uses circuit Which Inet frequency sensitive, so callrtion fan be accurate over wide raqueney spectrum, Ranges are ~1 and 0-10 W. tle 750-2 toroid ‘wound slmoee fll wth No, 28 enamel faving tenly room for 24am link, Cand Gy are 9-20 DF tammors, Article covers aloation and ute tnd gives table for reading SWR by comparing ANTENNA CIRCUITS a beck loops are nwodueed batwoon diver and {inal arpifir. Uso transistors specie, be- ‘cause substuons may cut overall gala by 10 {020 dB —A, Welns, Nous Brig, Ham Radi, May 1976, 972-72 ERR RE Meter eanbbe 1 mA or 200 A. Koop ludtengthe short —E Harts My Rig Working oF Now? 73 ‘Magazine, Oct. 1976, p 56-87. tee re 180 and 33. Detector dlodee are point ‘contact gormenhim rated at B0PIV. Arle gives ‘onetrtion detalla and eallortion curve. Fer fits rng Ie Mullard F606 or equtvalnt with ‘08.ngh outade lamer. Ground oex bra at ‘one and only —P. G. Martin, Some Directions! ‘Wattmeters and a Novel SWR Meter, 73 Mag: azine, Aug 1974, 17, 18-21, 22-24, ond 26. L* FIELD-STRENGTH METER—Devsloped for tur {ng all types of antennas, rom mobile whips to ‘ourslement quads Avoids shang and other problems of switched T pads for ella at {enustorby rt detecting RF thon stanueting output. Technique hes added advantage thot dreult i no lnger frequencysenatve Fo cover 12-24 Mhz, 2 a 17 turns Spaced ou to bout Inch, with 2tuma overtop forL DY ean ‘any diode auch ax 1NDA. BY aorves au cal brated etonuetor, with R2in sores gving Od point at junction. ile covers construction find operation. life, An Ampifid, Call. brated, Signal Strngth Meter, 73 Magazine, ne 1873, p 85-88. wate FORWARD with watte REFLECTED.—A, Wiis, Te Sik-Purse In-Line Wettmater, C2, Mey 1977,» 50-82 and 74-76.CHAPTER 3 Audio Amplifier Circuits Includes preamps for all types of inputs and AF amplifiers with power outputs Lup to 90 W and bandwidths up to 60 kHz, most using transistors with or without opamps and ICs. Circuits include variety of methods for reducing distortion and eliminating switching transients. See also Audio Control, Roceiver, and Stereo chapters. _tur staity can be used as mike booster st aeour Sa [AF amplifer stage In receiver, of for other ‘preamp applications. With values shown, c= ‘ult wil amy down to about 10 He. To I ‘reacelowhoquency extol for speech amp fer reduce 2 to 1 For loss —E.Dusin, Bald 1 .Goneral Purpose Preamp, 73 Magazine, Nov. 1a, 2s09%6 ow K To TONE comes FEEDBACK TO TONE CONTROLS. ‘COMPLEMENTARY-SYMMETRY AMPUFIER— ton. Base of output transistors ae fe in ‘Simplified eraton of circuit takes advantage of all with loudspeaker connected to common tact thet PHP and NPN transistors require sig: ternal oftrandietorsDrawback le diffe of ‘ale of opposite polar to perform same fane:_looxting metaed PNP and NPN transietors—J.AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS % Us HAMMER DRIVER—Signaic 540 power driver handles ether push-pull or single-ended induc. tiveloads suchas rlay, solenoid, motors and lect hammers. in push-pull connection shown, load le civen lather postive, nega: ‘ve, or both arms of output. Ether output can be selected by appropriate choles of nputpulse 30.W_Designetorusewith acivefitercrosshighrequeney channel, C, and Cx are 10 uF. polity. Supply canbe = to =26V.—"Signet- ‘over network for tres loudapesker.Forlow Article incides cheult for active ter net lx Analog Deta Manca,” Signetin, Sunnyvale, srttrequaney channel C, le 160 uF and Cle 60 work.——D.C, Rand, Active Fier Crossover Net. GA, 1977, 764 [nF Formidale channel, Cand, ate25 sf. For works, Wiel Work, Dec. 1973, p 574-578. Ver8¥ RAD P= tO" Verney Root Py 250 '35.W BRIDGE AMPLIFER—Bridge conection ply. With €V supply and 4ohm load, maximum tenths of «volt of eachother —"Audlo Hand- ‘of National LM338 power opamps provides 3.5 power Is 1 W. Coupling copediors ae not re- book.” National Semiconductor, Santa Clara, Wo Bohm loudspeaker when using 12 sup- Gulredsines output DC lvels are within several CA, 1977, 4-37-64u MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL LOW-COST 20:8V_Economical_ compromise ives 30 W into &ohm load at 0.1% dletorion {rnin second harmon) andr lvelot 50 dBW. Article covers Gaal and operation ofc ‘uit in dtal—P.L. Taylor, Ao Power Ar Plier, Wireless Werle, une 1973, p 301-302, 70-48 GAIN WITH 1.5 V—-Operates from single penlight cll at current dain of 5 mA deal ot Sattcontained nit Inserted In microphone ‘abla, 02-06 form 70-d8 voltage amplier. 05 is detector, and O6 ls emitter follower devin ‘AGC tansstor 1.38 bandwidths about a to & ta Full output is about 200 mVROS, ‘while Low output terminal ie 1 mVRMS.—C. Nal, Low-Voltage Audio AGC Ample, Hom acho, Dee. 1973, 9 32-24. 2 WWITH 1o—Uses Motorola MFC9I20 sudo ower amplifier te glve maximum output of bout 2 Wier 1é-ohm loudspeaker Used in ai {patch system for FM repestr-—A.B Shreve, ‘AVersatte Autopetch System fr VHF FM Re. | Peter, Ham Rac, Jay 184, pa2-38AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS &s [AUTO RADIO AMPLIFIERCireuit shown par mits operation of Signetis NES4O power diver from single polarity 12° supply of auto Bipolar supplies for ferential Inputs of $40 are ‘schleved by returing inputs to hal of avaliable ‘supply oF 6 V. Load is AC coupled because am: plfler hes DC galn of 1 and empiferoutpt Io ‘therfore 6 VOC. 380hm supply resistors are ‘elected for minimum crossover dietorion — “lgnetie Analog Osta Manual,” Signetcs, ‘Sunnyvale, CA, 1977,p 764. ‘WoH-OAIN Ie WITH TRANSISTOR—High input Hi : impadons of STAC opem ert a ith Pw faa ty ooerl purpose cyt mrophone a fee om ‘olme contol and RS contol gon andre = [JD eae {enn weponse OG Fowertenartr ste actc] es, Gives oocpestar decty, water owes ree transformer. M. Mims, “intagrated Clout Projects, Vol. 6” Radio Shack, Fort Worth, TX, 1977, p 18-88. " POWER AMPLIFIER WITH ERROR TAKEOFF— Vokage proportional to distortion is emptied for se n reducing nonlinear distortion at out ut n rel developedtor use as single-ended ‘Power amplifier Power Darlingtons are M4000 find MOT, and both opamp ate 761. Preset {5K pote adjusted inal for minimum eto tion Article gives theory of operation and design equations.—A. M, Sandman, Reducing ‘AmpiierDstoton, Wirslaes Wor, Oct. 1974 paer-a7KA 35 W—Signaies 540 drives complamentary ‘output transistors to give high output curent {or ervingb-hn loudspeaker. Feedback i ad Juted to give AC gin of 40 dB. Gein ols ff fo Unley a OC to prevent DC offset voltages fom level of carbon microphone or ax AF Wien boing amplified to tovel that might damage loudepesker crt, Power Uniting te provided By plocing resiator network around outpt ‘tage.~"Signedcs Analog Data Manual” Siy- ‘ates, Suna, CA, 1977, 762-763. ah bridge tone oscar, depending on positon of St. Frequency determined by vues of C1, C2 a, and RS Sileon signal odes form nonlinear ‘control element. Ajat RE unl osclator out put a TP Te 10 V PP. FET provides constant ‘aren through varlable resistance of carbon MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL fin fo a 4 bt ou a 4 HEADPHONE AMPUFIER—Can be used with Fi tuner in place of more expensive audio a Pil For stereo, uso one LMBBEcreultfor euch Shannel. Can be mounted directly on hexd- ‘phones if weight of batery le not objections: lod. A Sandy 1 Projects under $11, Mod- om Electronics, tne 1978, 54-58. ‘microphone to give audio Input voltage. Sec ‘ondopampisectivelow-pase iter with 334 Sito, roll of 12 dB per octave, and voage {ain of 10—H. Olson, An IC Mika Preamp Thet Doubles as a Tone Generator, 72 Magazin, (March 1814, p45 and 47-8,AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS HEADPHONE OPAMPS—Dual low-noise 4558, ‘pam provides gan and reduce system nos td dletorion, wile 758 power opamp sup piles output power of 0.7 W into 1e-ohm fod ‘with anathan 0 1% total harmonic distortion — 4. Apel, Power Op Amps—Thlr Innovative Crete and Pockoging Provide Designers with “More Options, EDN Magazin, Sop, 1977.9 wea, wANour ALL Resistors ALL NON -eLecTROLYTIC] od CRPACTTORS 5% ‘CROSSOVER FOR 20-Hx SUBWOOFER—Used ‘a channel outputs of stereo system when re: Producing munic down to 20 Hz o eynthosized by electronic function generators. Active eros ‘over network drives subwoofer lw-bess loud Speaker connected In bridged-cnter configu. ‘aon, for handing sounds below range of oral woofer, Crossover consists of thie: ote ay [Sctvecronsover is frudom from transent i> ‘ermoduleton distorion—W. J.J. Hoge, Switchod.On Bute, Auda, Aug. 1978, p 3438, 38, and a0 1. CLASS 8—Audlo application of CA30208 wideband power ampli proves 1W output 10 loudepeater loed through AF output trans: former with 1% totalharmonle distortion Vor I60V, ond Vou la 12V. With CAS020, both sup. Bly voltages are 8 and maximum power out: puts 50 mM. Senstvity Is 3545 mV "Lin. to Intgrated Ceuta and MOSHFET” RCA Solid Stato DWiion, Somervile, Mi, 1977, p 10. 46-48 GAW—Single Nations! LMS86 power “ropliir provides gan of 200 VV at maximum ‘Output power of 250 mW for 124 supply. Op- ‘onal 005 uF capackor and 10-ohm resistor ‘suppres bottoms orcitationccvaring ar ing negative swing into load drowing high our rent-—"Audlo Handbook” National Semicon. ‘ductor, Santa Cara,CA, 1977, p 430-433, HIGH INPUT IMPEDANCE—Use of JFET aio: lator boosts Input impedance of opamp to 22 megohms for lowirequeney Input sig Inpedance drops to 3.9 megohma as frequency Increases to sbout 20 kis. Overall gai of crout Ie about 48 dB when using 18-V supply— “audio Handbook” National Semiconductor, ‘Santa Cara, CA, 1977, 421-428.Ey MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL :2.W MONFTOR—Foirchld 788 ops provides {FW AF output wen supply Ie 28 Vand tude speskerie 16 ohms, and 2 W wth 215 and32- ‘hm loudspeaker. Use hestink. Gains 20 for ‘aties shown with respones role off at 154M by Ch—W Jung, An IC Op Amp Update, Hem ‘adi, March 1978, 962-68. Seoms oo cba (Ose MPS-A13, and QS e MPS-ADE. Fr Bohm pple 26 V with 62K for Ra, RS, ond 39K for RO. Output enter vottage must be maintained et 0VDC to enaure ‘maximum slgnal ewing and prevent OC voltage, from ‘acting on loudepesker Frequency re- spontele 10H to SOKte for -1 a8 pots Same ruts used with diferent components for ‘ther powers down to 15W and for‘-ohm loud Speaker:—R G. Rush, "WS to 60 Watt Audio ‘Amplites Using Complementary Darlington Output Transistors,” Motorola, Phoenix, AZ, 1974, ANAEIB,p 5. 0 ‘So: BANDWIDTH—Thre transistor pairs in boost curenthandling capebilty about 25 Ks for dB down.—“Ciruit ides for RCA Ln- (CA3600€ aray are paralotconnected with out. times. Use offadback giver loaedloop gain ear ICs." RCA Sold State ivlon,Somerve, ut stage of CAS130 bipolar MOS opamp to of 48 dB. Typical large-signal bandwidth 60 NU, 1077, 12AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS 8 (60 W WITH AC-COUPLED OUTPUT—Uses Mo- ‘torola complementary Darington output tran: slats with MJECO4 for QB and MLJESOAT for (06. For 8-ohm loudspeaker, Qt la MPS-A06, 02 [Ie MPS-AS6, 02 MPS-AT3, and Ota MPS-A08, ‘Supply is 72 V. RS i 20 ohn, and Rte BK Sem criti used wih diferent components for other output powers down to 18 W and for ‘ohm loudspeater. Frequency reponse is 20 to 0 ts for ~1 dB point. AG. Fuchs, "16 60 Watt Audlo Amplifiers Using Comper mentary Darington Output Translators.” Mo- torol, Phoenix, AZ, 1978, AN-83B, 3. ‘CASCODE AMPLIFIER—Usos wo sections of RCA CASO2HA linear IC (UTA Is not ved) Pro ides power gun of about 40 dB, Unmarked re- ‘lator re on KC —D. DeMaw, Understanding Unear Ie, 087, Fob 197, p 1-23, HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT—Uses CASOS4A pro: ammable opamp as deve stage fortwo pat- connected wansiators of CASYEQAE stray ‘develop 100-mA avarege AF current (peaks ‘p19 300 mA) through 76 ohm load. Diode con ected transistors D-, in array provide tom- pereturecompenation for output tan Seto —"Cireut Ideas for FCA Linear 1,” IRCA Sotd State Diviion, Somervie,NJ, 1977, pitMODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL [ERROR TAKEOFF REDUCES DISTORTION— Nonines distortion Is reed in single-ended _amplifer by producing voltage proportional to distortion and ampliying this errr vltage In ‘dhe woy thet t canbe ured to reduoedtor tion at output. Creult uses 761 opampe and 'Met00 power Darington transitars. Tech: nique overcomes basi lntstion of nogtive Ieodback wherein feedback oop gun docoaras 15 Troquoney Inereases. Ariel also glvos var. ‘ton of ereult more sutable for power amp Wer, and desertbes crt operation in deta — ‘A.M Sandman, Reducing Amplifier Distortion, Wireless Workd, Oct. 199, 367-371, ——o +20 BALANCED OUTPUT WITH OPAMPS—Low: owt ampliter provides low-impedance bal- need output from unbalanced signal opt of preamp. Response lsat rom 100 20.000 Hs, {edeistorion ee than 0.1% at 800 He Int 600: ‘hm loa, Galn 620 dB. Other opamps, such a8 {M07 or 747 (dual 741) can alto be wood —K , James, Balanced Output Amplifier, Wirsless World, Dee. 1978 p78, ELECTROSTATIC HEADPHONES —Usee {LMIS00N four-opamn IC end tw transietor to stop up headphone output signa of AF power “rnplilersufietly to deve pair of electro: ‘tate headphones without Introducing excat: ‘ve distortion. Total harmon datorton att sty 1976, 38.AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS 5.W CLASS A—Three transistor foadbeek oop ‘Nes excellent DC stabity while arrangement ‘of two eapactors and rset feeding lows ‘Speaker keop those capactors propery polar. {ted as AF output voltage swings above and below aero vel RH. Pearson, Novel Sat Class A Amplifer Uses Theo-Transisor Feed: ‘bck Crete, Wireless World, Match 1874, 18. “-WNONINVERTING—Motorle MC15541C op: rates trom single supply and uses eapactive ‘coupling to bot source and loud, for voltege ‘ain of wth trequeney response (~3 48 trom 200 to 22.000 He Input impedance i 1K, and ‘tel harmonic sietortion ia les than 076%. Use external hestaink "The MCIS54 One. Wott Monolith Integrated Cult Power Am. pif." Motorola Phoenix, AZ, 1972, N01, p LOW.NOISE TRANSFORMERLESS PREAMP Nise performance of balanced mlrophone preamp is improved with instrumentation am- Plifer conguration of three operps. Each ha Sf LMGEPA Ts wired as noninverting apie. [LM3B7A serves to army lowlevel signals while adaing as tl notes ws possible, leaving ‘commonmede rejection for LFI5E "Audio Handbook” National Semiconductor, Senta Clora,CA, 1977, 9237-240. from =7 V to provide votage ga o9 over r- (-3 dB of 4 10 22.000. Input 10K ond total harmonledstorton ta oes then 0.75%, Uso external heatsink — "te MC1S54 One Watt Monoltlc Integrated Creat Power Ample.” Motorola, Phown, 182.1072, AN-A01, 92.MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL rs 60 W—combination of National LM3S1 audio (river IC and dlserate power transistors pro: Vides 60.0 output for loudapeakar a very fo ‘tortion. ICoutput can swing =«0V. Totathar- ‘mone dletortion of creat le under 0.05% —P, Franson, Consumer Product IC-—New Ofer. Ings Tagor an Explosion in Markets Od ond New, EDN Magazine, Nov-6, 1977, 54-05. LBATTERYLESS MICROPHONE PREAMP—Tran ‘stor and two companents can be mounted Imlerophone housing. R, le added to exiting ‘amplifor to provide operting voltage for reamp, while C, feed preamp signal to Input of amplifier —W. H. Jarve, Lnw-Powered MI ‘rophone Pre-Amp, Wireless Ware, Dec. 197, pas Sere weat sna on apaen ano nose DIRECT-COUPLED PUSH-PULL—Provides high ‘quaty sound st ample volume for ear radio, ‘porting trom 83-V regulated supply. uh pull emiterfolowor stages are connected ‘she symmateal low output impedance on both postive and negative portions of sudo ‘waveform. Input transistor Tr, provides tom. Decoture compensation, while driver Ty pro: ‘ies temperatur-compansated bis and max Imum symmetial voltage swings to output ‘stages G. Kalan, Low Voltage Audio Amp Wireless World, Oct. 1978, p 74FET PREAMP WITH TONE CONTROLS —Davel- oped for uae with simple 2 audlo amplifier ‘hon toting very lowlvel output elt and Imicrophones. Wil not load dreut to which Input fs connected. Optional bestreble tone controle ae tnloded J. Schuts, An Audio Ciro Breedbourder’s Delight. CO. Jan. 1978, a2 and 75, o AW CLASS A—Highly stable cru ses es- ly obtainable component. Transistor types are noteical.Shorrrut protection Ie proved by constant-curent souree D-TreTrTr. Out put transistors Tr, and Tr, require heatsinks e- able of daspating at lest four times rated nny, tutput power Dy and Tr should be in thermal 736" fontact-—AH. Calvert, Clas A Power Amp ‘ar, Wireless Works, June 1978, p73 Tt ral ‘F '3.W DIFFERENTIAL—Upper Motorola MC1SS4 ower amplifier i connected in standard eon ‘Bguretion for noninverting. gain of 8, wile lower Ihas inverting gun of 810 gle fective ‘overall veloge auto, ‘bonses, Difrontl output connection allows ‘sa ‘utputvotlage suring to excned power-supply ‘oltage—"The MCIS54 One Wett Monolithic Integrated Clrelt Powar Ample,” Motorola, Phoenix AZ, 1972, AN-40 ‘CURRENT CONTROL FOR POWER SWITCH— Ceut makes power supply current increase sradualy rom zero when supply la tured on, {o eliminate talents that sometimes cause alarming loudspesker thumps In audlo sys teens. Current through silcon power diode De controled by voltage on G, which charges up ‘tor closing of switch with time oonetant GALRAR, +). When switch Is opened, ee own of supply eurent i controled by d- ‘charge of Cy through Ri Article also covers use of two current contol ere in tandem for handling higher loads.—P. J. Briody, Power Supply Delayed Switching, Wireless World, March 1975, p 139-14, avo ‘+ asia: tomate poe X patt the supetyvotane (ot necessary)(5m quiescent current ‘CLASS 8 WITHOUT TAKEOVER DISTORTION— iru uses two transetor triplets in output stage, with qulescont eurrent set at 16 mA bY ‘Towhichserverasconstant current source. For small signals, Tr, and Tr, can be regarded ae ‘me Se long taled pa without tat. For postive so ial, T-Tabecome active and behave at super miter oltower while Tr, with TT, serve tor iegative signal. One advantage of eeat stow ‘cutput impedance.-N.M. Visch, A Novel Cia MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL ret vue sanacow to amply diferental signals while rejecting ‘common-mode signals, Gu Ie sot a 2 48 by "ato of Ft Ry nputresletors , and Rare Handbook" National Semiconductor, Santa Clara, CA, 1977, 9237-240. toao [NESA1 high-voltage power amplifier provider trent gain of 90 dB trom 20 He to 20%0ke and ternal current limiting. Translators In output ual ‘Output levels up to 20 VAMS fom 300-mVRNS o1naw *LI-24 ture, single layer #36 on 1011, 1W res. 75 W WITH CURRENT LIMITING—Signetics Input IC Inchides bull short-creut protee: stage boott power to 78 W for diving loud: ton, wth adiional protection provided by ex Speaker tond-—"Signatice Anelog Dats Man. ignetcs, Sunnyvale, CA, 1877, p 765,AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS “ POWER OPAMES IN BRIDGE—Sxdge configu. Artkle covers Incorporation of protective con ‘ations theoretclly capable of times power tolsinsingle module with dual opemps —E-R ‘outpat of conventional quasi-complomentary Sushler and B.D. Scher, Fault Protection of ‘or eomplomentary-eymmetry amplifier. Ure of Monolthle Audio Power Amplifier In Severe SINGLE-ENDED MICROPHONE PREAMP trkdge cout in automotive AMIFM stereo re Environments, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Nolse performance s~69dB below 2-mV input ceber requires suitable protection of modules. Electronics, Ag. 1877, p 418-423. reforenca point. Use meta fil reietors fr Ry ‘ind Re. Total harmon datorton Ie less than (0.9. Galn fs sat by rato of to Ry and Is B2 {6B.—"Audlo Handbook,” National Somieon- utr, Santa Clara, CA 1977, 237-240, o our 190 W PER CHANNEL Combination of LM143 high-voltage opamp and current booster ean provide upto 8D WRMS into ohm loudspeaker 1or 70 WAMS Into &chm loudspeaker. Creu eotures include short-dreuk and overioed protection along with harmente tortion below (0.7% att Ke. Tanaatore 01-08 should be on ‘common Thermalloy 60068 oF equlvalent heat Sink—"Lineer Applications, Vol 2." Netiona ‘Semiconductr, Santa Cra, CA 1976, AN-127, pew.MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL e tv of = HIGH GAINJFET—Simpletwo-JFETeecultpro- ‘ides gan of 500 at low power Reducing dain Tncronses gun at sori of Input 3 j0—"FET Databook” National Sem conductor, Santa Clara, CA, 1877, p 626-896. .W WITH BOOSTER TRANSISTORS—Atslg- ‘alinput levels below 20 mW, Nathona! LMSTO. ‘opamp supplies led drety trough S ohm re- ‘stor up to current peaks of about 100 mA ‘Above this level booster translator are biased ‘on by loed currant though same restr to ‘create output power. Transistors and opamp must have edequete heatsinks "Audio Hend- ‘Dook.” Nationa! Semiconductor, Santa Care, C8197, paa-4eas. ¥ # ‘Ay = 5 = 500 typical BRIDGE AMPLIFER—Netions! LMI77_ dust power amplifier Is used in bridge configuration {eo drive Moating load that can be loudepeak servomotor, oF ether device having Impedance [1 8.or chs Maximum outputs 4 et goin ‘fo eB, with 3-48 response extending fom ‘bout 20 He to shove 100 kts. —"Audlo Hand: book” National Semeonductor, Santa Car, CA 1077, 948-420.AUDIO AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS ” 5 W WITH OPAMP—simple ereut Including ‘olume control has tow harmonic distortion, Higher slowable operating voltage of L204 par gives higher output power, but heatsink ERROR ADD-ON REDUCES. DISTORTION— is reqlved "Audio Handbook,” National Based on fact that error at output of upper Semzonductor, Santa Clara, CA, 1977, p420- ‘opamp also appears at nput of this opamp. 428, ror signal i taken from tle input for lower ‘opamp, where itis amplified by opamp and Der: Tinton for addin to output o upper Dering. ton. Ane gives design equations and int mates that open-loop guin improves at 12 dB per octave as compered to conventional 6 ‘Replication incide reduction of loudspeaker “distortion whch cannot be handed by negative {odback-—A. Sandman, Reducing Distortion by Error Add-On, Wireless Word Jan. 1973, 2. "298 = ee a [Perr oF me 12: OUTPUT—Uses CAS0048 programmable nalnaremicedin4:1 ratio Location oftonecon- thermal compensation —"Cirult eas for RCA ‘opamp to drive. complementary-eymmetry ols In feedback network improves slgnalte- Liner ICs,” ACA Solid State Dison, Somer: Poweroutput transistors ntermedulation dle- oles rato. um and nolae are typieally 700 Vv, Nd, 1977, 11 {orion Ie only 0.2% when 60+ and 2k slg- (05 d8 down) et output. TransitarQ, provides45.W CLASS B—Mutard TOAZS10 dives 15- ‘ohm loudspeaker with total hamonle distor tion oftess than 17% Supp is28V = 10%, Net- work C2-R1 ensures stablty with Inductive loed —"Audlo Power Amplifier TDA26IO,” Mul lard, London, 1876, Tacha! Note 35, PIB, FEED-FORWARO CORRECTON—Ciroutt re: ‘duces dstorton caused by nonlinearity of out- ‘pot power transistors by deriving ror com ponent” that bypasses these. Wanalstors. “ectnique used Is hnown as curant dumping MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL 1) INVERTING Uses Motorola MCTS58 ower amplifier to provide voltage gain of 35 ‘oth component shown. Output voltage swing [12 VP into 12 ohm oad For reponse down {0 low audio frequencies (slow 100 He), large ‘alse of Cisrequte, such 81 uF. Input can bo “recteoupld at serie in output off, but thle can be corrected by property Basing pin 1 ‘or terminating It In about 250 ohms. Upper re- ‘quency limit for ~3 dB ls about 22:00 He.— The MCISEA One: Watt Monolithic integrated eit Power Amplifier.” Motorola, Phoentx, AZ, 1972, NAO D3. ampli (Quad 405, m which midtequeney own Iempadance, as witn FET I system, With 1 oF bolar IF ampli use lowsmpedance diver Tite audio tranetormer with TOK primary and 2K secondary (Radio Shack 278-1378) —D.Sto- vone, Sold State Hang AGC, OST, July 1978, Phoens, AZ, 1976, AN-S1TA,p&. waste, save 7 ‘that datermings gain ofA, Ay and odes form Gain Control Operates over Two Decade, Elo: {ullavaverecifer, Developed for uae In rader tonles, Aug. 16, 1973, p 88-100; reprinted In ‘eoker device to prevent overoed of amplifier “Cireuks for Electonics Engineer,” Electron fe target gets clomr--C. Marco, Automatic fe, 177, p 44-46n MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL ——F. sam Pa om omen sourren LOW PHASE SHIFT—Voliage-contolied amp. ‘erhasless than "phase shit over guin-cotro range of a0 at requencies upto 10 MH, ae requlted or AGC erat. Curent genertor 2 controle gin of wideband resistance-coupled ‘rapifer QT. Gan of GT icreans neaty with ‘amplitude of poskive contol vatageon bse of G2—A.H. Hargrove, Simple Creutte Contr! ‘Phase Shit, EDN Megarine,Jan.1, 1971, 28, DMM: AGC LOOP—Low-pase Miter serves as splitter ensures that detector also operates at loop giving osed-toop bandwidth of atleast “15 dBm. Article gives design equations and ‘ite Loop operates In square region of de performance curves -R.S. Hughes, Design At ‘tector diode, np to IF amplifier ere nrange tomatic Gain Control Loope the Easy Way, EDN {rom 60dBmto ~T0dBim,andAGCactionpro: Magarie, Oct. 5, 1878, p 122-128. vides 30Mir IF output of 15 dim. Power oleam ADWUST ost @ [AUDIO AGC USING FET—DC contol voltage ‘obtained from kay signal point n aio amp pled to gate of FET to very bls, ala ‘of stage varies inversely with gete bles voltage, ‘When contol voltage fs 0 V, voltage gain of stage Is 10 and maximor undlatorted output tignal ie 1 VRMS. When control voltage te 8 win @ ‘ | ‘oN vRNA 1NPUT 1299, 03 begins to turn on, shunting more and 1 ‘more signal current away from Q2 and thereby sin. Input transformer Is 50-S4MIERF-AGC AMPLIFER—Developedtor AGC contol resembles bipolar ortcode ceult wound on small toreld core Range of AGL volt. Smeter SSB renscsiverto give minimum of 16- using Marana pal with current soure,al- age fo 0-12 VA, Bore, HighPerformancs ‘8 power gin, low noise figure, and good slg- though operetion does not involve changing rthanding capability when AGC le aplid. amplifr bles lvel With Increasing AGE votAUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL CIRCUITS by ap — ‘CONTROL WITH EXTERNAL DIODE—Extemal resistances normally used with Motorola IMC1S62 video amplifier are replaced by INIT or equivalent diode 20 gain of amplifier fs determined by AGC current through dlode. Ar rangement gives widerange of gun contol, but lowest abtainable level of gains normal un: ‘modified gain of emplifr. Same cout can be ‘ed with MCTBES high galn video ampter — ""AWide Band Monolthie Video Amir, torol, Phoenix, AZ, 1973, AN-4O4, p10. ‘CONTROL AT LOW GAIN LEVELS—Diode ‘ued as variable impedance in voltage ‘network at input of video ampiir to provide ‘AGC at lower gun levels han could be handed ‘with more conventional ataral-diode cet ‘Voliage gain for Motorola MCTSS2 decreases {tom about 0 for mA AGC contrl currant to bout 20 for 8 mA. For MCTEES high-gain video ‘rll, gain drops from 400 at 1 mA fo 25 at ‘SmA—"A Wide Band Monoltne Video Amp: {te Motorola, Phoenix AZ 1973, AN4O4, p11. awtibicr [AGC LOOP FOR MOSFETS—Used at output of ‘4H amplifier in commercial ecaiverto ‘ide desired controtvoltage mognitide and ‘wg for FTO8OT MOSFET Inf tp. MOSFET {ra blased by 2.1 sonore in soure leeds In Fe, to dive gute2 voltage sutfelent'y nege- tive for full AGE aetlon.—G. leaud, Modiying ‘he WICERWIFB AQC Loop fr Use with MOS- FETE Ampllters, ST, June 1977, p47 WIDEBAND AGC AMPLER—Combination of tude of AC input sgn for varying guin of bel. out ttanuation —"Signetics Analog Date Man- 122K opamp and MCV4SEK belanced modulator anced moduletor. Unbslancing caer input of ual Signatic,Sunnyvele,CA, 1977, p708-710. ‘aves DC output signal proportional o ampit- modulator makes signal past though with* MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL POSITIVE PEAK DETECTOR—CAST00 bipolar lips negative ha-cycls, so output of transit- ‘AGC AMPUFIERFET used in conjunction with MOS opamp Is connected as wideband nonin- tor is. proportonal only to positive. input ‘opamp permits varying of gain by changing verting ampliert provide essentially constant peaks.—"Clralt deus or AA Uncar ICs" RCA, ratio of Rito Ry Ofset voltage im output duet guinfor widerange of input traquences Diode Sold State Divlon, Somervile, Wd, 1977.6 16 Input bas curonts ie minimized by placlng FET in paral with 51K realtor between nonin ‘AGC WITH FET—FET serves at nonlinear ele: input signa 2 FET input ise than 25 mV for voltage of FET.—R.D.Pogge, Designers’ Guide ‘mentinfart-acting instrumentation crutthan- inputs up to2 VAMS, Arle covers design and to: Basic AGC Amplifier Desig, EDN Magazine, ling widerange of gnats. R, and R,atenuate performance. Gan ls abmost linear with gate Jen.20, 1974, p 72-76,cHapPTER 7 Automotive Circuits Includes capacitor-discharge, optoelectronic, and other types of electronic Ignition, tachometers, dwell meters, idiot-light buzzer, audible turn signals, headlight reminders, mileage computer, cold-weather starting aids, wiper controls, oil-pressure and oll-level gages, solid-state regulators for alternators, jerspeed warnings, battery-voltage monitor, and traller-light interface. For auto theft devices, see Burglar Alarm chapter. ‘SOUD-STATE AUTO REGULATOR—Replaces 51 4 ‘2nd outperorme slectromechanical charging ‘oltoge regulator in autos using alternator sy tema: Prolonge battery ie by preventing un > HIE ‘must be adlsted for numberof eyindors, gear {ind we ratios te size, te. 10nF eapectior ‘connected to Ad can be increased to prevent ‘eiggering of alarm when ieresing speed mo tmontariy while pascing another car—"Linear ‘Appleations, Vol 2.” National Semiconductor, ‘Senta Clara, CA, 1976, 6-3.% MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL ‘BUZZER FOR IOIOT UGHT—Provides audible 110 UM supplement 10. eaglne-monkorng,indlestor lamps that are often ificut to vaein daylight, Uses 2NG434 JFET to provide daly of about 7 ‘Seach time gnton swith Isturnedon to alow for pescetal starting of ear and normal buildup of oll pressure when lamp is monitoring ol Dreseure and englne-tampersture sonsor. En tie eeu can be mounted nade plate hous Ing of unased or disconnected. dashboard waming buzzer in letemodelext—P. lower, [Aualo Assat Giver “lot Lights” the "Bure" EDN Magazine, June 20,1976, 128. OIL-PRESSURE DISPLAY, yellow, and sav GM ‘een LEDs give postive indication of ol res: {urstovslon lectrone gage console developed for motor. Transducer converts ol pres: sure to variable ronistance R ohich a turn var: tes blag on tanaitos, LEDs have diffrent for. ward voltages at which they ight, 20 proper {election of bas resators ensures thet only one LED ison et atime ‘oll preseure—J. 0. Festus Dig Lock EDN Magazine, Aug. 5, 975, p38-43, Taner cont —opeste viper stoma ingen seed ey tea tae Min Streets cent ftiser SS te re aL Sitter Soe age op oe ares [Parle DISTRIOUTOR-POINT TACHOMETER—555 When IC times out, motor curant stops for re vie vtbe ndlaton of engine speed.—“Si- ‘Umer receives Is input pulses from ditroutor _raaindor of duty oyle. tegration of variable netics Analog Data Manus Signetcs, Sunny polnts of er. When mer output pln 3 iehigh, duty eye by meter movement serve to pro: vale, CA, 197, p 724-725, ‘ter recaves called current through ReAUTOMOTIVE CIRCUITS ” [AUDIBLE TURN SIGNAL—Gives 2500 aud. ‘be tone oach time run-ignal ight Rashes on, to wom driver that signal hae not been turned ‘tt when malig less than right angle turns. ‘Schomate shown is for 122V negativeground ‘systems, For BV negative ground aytors, cut ‘volves of RY and 2 sbowt in hall, For poakve- ‘round systems. roveren connections to diodes [Bnd Sonalore RY and Rz are 27K 08 W. D1 and 12 can be any general-purpose emallcurent slzon lode. SA ls Mallory SC1.5 Sonaler.—A. ‘Goodwin, Tur Signal Reminder, 73 Magazin, Holiday Issue 1876, 16, ON-LEVEL GAGE—Permits checking crankeot® eel trom drive's sent. Sensor consite of Ugh-conducting Plexiglas rod attched to aip- she with lamp L, st top of rod and phototran- ‘eto Q; mounted st ado mark on diptc, bout inch below bottom of rod. At normal teva ll attenuates ght between Q, and bot ‘om ond of rod, making phototranisor rie: tanea high. Pushing tert switch makes Cy charge and saturate, long enough to activet USTAF oseitator 0, and give shor tone wer fying thet lap ls not burned out and goge i Working When ois ow, enough ight reaches (0,10 keep O, seturatd after C, charges, giving continuous fone aslng ax switch i pushed — {CSvalund, Electronic Dipatick, EEE Magazine, Now 1970, 101 probleme erested by timing det and datbu Pro ‘OPTOELECTRONIC IGNITION—Combination of for-ahel play. Sensor heed ix small enough to pactor-dacharge electron ignition ckeut In low-cost polntsouren LED and high-seneRvity MM most latibutors Article gives dimensioned deta Leeda to senor ‘not requ shlld- ‘hotetansstr forms optical sneor for post. drawings forshuttar design andsenaot mount- Ing—H. Maldment, Optical Sensor igntion tion ofcamin distributor Technique lminates ing, and desribes operation of eesoctated car Syatom, Wireless Word, Mov. 1975, pS32-537.a MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL ei UL F 5 “OUTPUT FALOUENCY 1. ay J o_o ors = Fapanan hil ne eer . aa ote chcasseeataar Poon = Sphere mene then | aetna ree oer = porary ce niess TJ Sees aene OJ aT coayge Sates a atten LF" for eght.Ovtput requancy is then counted for 25 « to get engine or shaft speed In m.—D. Lancaster. “CMOS Cookbook,” Howard W. ‘Sam, inonapole, IY 1977,» 368-367. JL [REGULATOR FOR ALTERNATOR Simple and Affective sokdatate rapiacemant for auto vot tge regulator can be used with alternator nv al- ‘most any negative ground eystam. Cult ate 2 awitch supplying thor fl or no voltage to ‘eld winding of stemator. When battery below 13 V, saner D1 dows not conduct, Gt fe ‘ft 2s on, and full battery voltge is applied fo atorator old bot puts out fl vottge t battery or herging. Wien batary reaches 13.8 \V,Q1 tums on, G2 turns of alternator output current. Creult canals be used with wind: Regulator? Never, 72 Magazine, Hotdayisue Isreduced to zero, andbettery gets no charging ven allemetor systema —P. 8. Smith, 62 fore 1876, 108. ee 7 denn [ame terran srace ugu run UNG LT ‘Soman conwano zy “SSMMAND ‘oman t ys Ka: TRV Sma RELAY BOCOIL FA CONTACTS (ARCHER 775-206 0RSMILAR) hen mi anactUAN Low — GROUE ae AUTOTRAILER INTERFACE FOR LIGHTS— plitude of tur signal. which flashes about 2 cancaed. Developed for new arin which sop- Low-com transistors and two relys combine times por second, Values are selected to hold arte turn and bre signa brakerght and tunvindiator signals oncom reley closed betwoon fh interval capaci efety “M.E.Glimore tnd C. W Snipes, Dar ‘mon bus o ensure thet trallrghts respond to tance fs to lrge, brake signal cannot imme ngton-Switched Relays Uink Cat and Teale both commends ©, and C, charge to peak am. dltaly wtvate wale lights fter turn signal's Signal Lights, ectomics, Aug. 10,1377. p 116AUTOMOTIVE CIRCUITS sarteny eae, CAPACITOR SERVES AS IGMTION BATTERY— Developed for use with capectordecharge nition systoma to provide independent voltog ‘ourcetorignton when starting carn very ol \woether Gaforsattmpting to start cay aaet {© ON postion for energuing DC1-0C eon ‘verter or charging C; with DC voltage between 200 and 400 V. Start is now engaged. H vlt- 290 of storage bettry drops as starter slowly ‘urns engine over, C stllrepresents equvalont ofall charged 124 storage bttery that so pable'of driving ignition system for almot a ‘minute —W. Stalzer, Capector Provides Ari al Battery for igotion Systems, EDN Mage ine, Nov. 18,1972, p48. WER FUSE fetal i ete Zope sy 0x o, ming oe ant 0082 iia oroROLA it WIPER-DELAY CONTROL—555 timer provides Selectable delay time between sweeps of wiper ‘positve-ground autos. Delaytimecanbe varied J. Okolowicz, Smehronous Timing Loop Con Blades ven by motor in nogete-ground sys- between 0and224. Timor uses feedback signal {tom am-opersted switch of motor o synetro- ‘WolsWindshlld Wipe Delay, Electrons, Nov. 26,1077, p M5 and 17. ‘tem, Artie sto gies crout mediation for ze delay Ue with postion of wiper blades. — [RPMLLIMIT ALARM Used with capactorie- charge Ignition system to provide tachometer ‘output along with engine speed control signa ‘Wien breaker contacts open, Cy charges and ‘ura Tron, Wiggeing 555 met used mone tects dose, D, woltas Cfo reduce efecto con ‘tact bounce, With valves shown, for speed init ‘Between 8000 and 9000 rpm, vee 0.068 for, ‘wth four-ylnder engine, 0.047 ui fr six ey Indes, and 0.003 uF for elght liners. LED ‘scrone breaker contact can be used for setting ‘Hatie timing —K. Well, Tigger Circlt for ‘GDL Syatema, Wirelens Word dun. 1978.05.MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL le. LOW-EMISSION CD—Solk-tate eapactior-die tharge lnition system improves combuetion sffcleney by inressing spark duration. For - ‘tinder engine, normal CD system range of 180 12.200 sin nerensad to 000 pa below 4000 Pm (Onclaton dlecherge scrote Ignition coll pr ‘mary lets for to eyes here, but above 4000 om the lacharge lasts for one cycle oF 300 ys because at higher speeds the power eye has shortar times. Creu uses S55 mer Mu 2h ‘teilator, wath Q.-, providing dive to OO, ‘nd T, for converting buttery voltage to about {400 VOC at output of bridge rectifer. When dle: {ubutor pnts open, furs on and triggers pT Shut 'M, connected as mono that provides gute dive Dube for SCR Arile deserbas operation of ‘rut in detall and gives waveforms at points =4—C-6.Lo, CD gnltion System Produces Low Engine Emissions, EDV Mapazine, May 20 1976, 94,96, and 98TIMER FOR WiPER—Provides automatic one- shot swipes at prosleced intervals trom 2 t0 30. for handing mist. crtzte, or splash from ‘Wet road. Circle shorts out homing swtch in side windshiaktiper motor, which fe auely AUTOMOTIVE CIRCUITS 17, in parle with slow-apeod contacts of wiper ‘dashboard switch With wiper ait of end. nition on short two awit terminal atte ‘ofind pins that start wiper When Blades begin moving, remove jumper; ladee shoul then a TAGHOMETER—IntechFunction Modules A: 1402 operating in trequancy o-veltage con: verter mode serves se sutomotve tachometer ‘having inherent linearity and ease of alors tion. “Converter “operates seynchronovsly, Which does not affect sezuracy when driving ‘halog meter —P. Pinter andD. Timm, Voltage. teFrequency Gonverters—IC Versions Perform ‘Accurate Data Conversion (and Much More) at ow Gost, EDN Mogazine, Sept. 51977, 153 tusre finish swoop and shut of tle thes terminate ‘of sulich tht are connected to points A and 8 of contrl cleat —V. Mole, Mist Switch {or Your Windshield Wipers, Popular Scionce, ‘Aug. 1973, 9110.cuapter 8 Battery-Charging Circuits Includes constant-voltage, constant-current, and trickle chargers operating from AC line, solar cells, or auto battery. Some circuits have automatic ‘charge-rate control, automatic start-up, automatic shutoff, and low-charge indicator. 9.8 AT 20 mA—Developed to charge 200-An ‘lckeb cadmium bettaras for two tanecoWvere ‘imuttaneously. Batterie wl be uly cherged in'i¢ hours, using corect 20mA charging rat. Zoner dios onaute that voltage cant exceed safe value if battery I accidentally dacon- ‘ected while under charge. Dlodetypes are not ‘ileal —D. A. Tong, A Pocket VIF. Trane ceiver, Wialess Workd, Aug. 194, 299-298. Is provided for U2. DI-D6 are INAOUZ or {UM2Y80 aia comparator U2 to sense ond ‘ROOST. Dee 2NGR2 or HEP-RUA71. BAY ‘charge batary voltage and provide protection tgeine anorted or reversed dherger lauds lal cherping voltage for 12.V storage batters Is ‘sdjurable with 2K bimpot. Seperate =15 V supoty using Raytheon REATOSNG regulator U1 forola MOAGGO2 or HEP-AOE?S T2A bridge. fe le Varo VE27 1-A bridge tie 2661 oF HEP.S0015_—H. Olon, Batory Chargers Ex posed, 73 Magacine, Nov. 197, p 88-100 andBATTERY-CHARGING CIRCUITS 8 NICKEL-CADMIUM CELL CHARGER—Cherges four size D cals in series nt constant cure, ‘with automatic voltage miting,BC301 transi: tor acts at current source, with base voltage stabilized at about 3V by two LEDs that slo ‘serve to indicate charge condition. Other tan. ‘lator provides voltage limiting when voltage ‘cron cals approaches that of 1K branch of voltage divider. Vahios shown ght 260-mA charge Intly, dropping to 200 mA when V- ‘eachet 5 Vand decreasing simost to wen V. ‘aches 85 VN. H. Sabah, Battery Cherger Wireless World, Nov. 1978, p 620 Be rs OT ao aan 12.V FOR NICADS—Produces constant current “Sry jan, Mmmm a ceases Pe eters = sorutndctenrye Derampatoractag Sirttncimrtnatabaeed bry | Sener Ono see Chmes sare tans hn po an wat ‘CHARGING SILVER-ZINC CELLS—Used for ini eas oe ‘al charging sod aubsoquent rechergings of een thy ue sealed dry-charged ightweght ala developed A = {for use in mlates, torpedoes, nd space app ‘ations Article covers procadre fr filing all, ‘with potasslim hydroxide electrolyte before placing in usa (ets ae dry-chorged at factory {tnd have shelf fe of Sor more years in that con tion). Charge curtent shoud be ? to 10% of ‘ated col echarge capacity; thus, fr Varney 7 ‘HRS cell with rated discharge of A, charge at reaches205V.Musedoniyfor battery charging, Will SiverZine Raplaca the Nica, 78 Mape- '360%0500mA. Stop charging when cellvotage large Milter capacitor can be omitted 8. Kely, rhe, Holey lnsue 176, p 204-208; BULK NICAD CHARGER—Can handle up to 20 a sate ce ee, AA cal 20 eal and 20 cele simetane- ra wen toe 1260 culy, with cherging rato determined sepa {etal for uch eype. Single transformer and fa ‘wave rection fod about 24 VDC to three np: ate repute. Aol regulator wes 100. 2m am. ‘hm resistor to wary charge rats from € mA to Stove 48 mA, Ceol cergerate range br 24 to 128 mA and Darang 600180 mA. Bat ais of eech type shouldbe about ame state (of eacharge. Batteries oe recharged in teres { avokd nee for sopareteroglator with each Call Tekle-charge ston ct charge ats to bout 2% of ated normal charge (S mA for 00- it ‘mAh AA call) Tranaletors are 2N4808 oF eau 2s slat Use hewsina. All lodes ar 1N4O02 J. 4 Schutz, A Buk NiCad Rocharger, C2. Dee. 1977, p 35-36 and 11,L BATTERY MONITOR—Usoe CA3067 transistor tray t0 provide sete slementsrequled fr rung indicetorsvervng ws sural and visual ‘warnings of tow charge on nleed battery. LED {erneins on unt rout a rset with pushbutton —_1_1__ siteh "Cheat eas for RCA Linear Cs," IRCA Sold State Divislon,Somervi, Mi, 1977, pa © [ MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL SOLAR POWER BACKUP—H solarcell voltage ‘rope 02 V Below battery voltage, crcut le powered by storage cell foading through for- ‘warg-biased OA90 or equivalent germaniom “ode, When volrcall voltage excteds that of battary, battary Ie charged by approximately Constant. roverse leakage current. through ‘swirce HORN ALL RESISTOR VALUES ARE IN OHMS I. 5 2nd ae ‘CARTHEFT ALARM Alarm romaine on oven signal rom eat door awitch or other enaor te ‘nly momentary, 20 rlay ts wired to be et latching une keyewhch 81 Te tumed of, Use hood lock or hood opening sensors to prevent thet trom esting alarm by cutting bettry ‘ble, Cal ncuden tie dlay of 8 fra {ering ear and shutting of lar, vol ed {or extra keywteh Sondre makes loud tone ring 6 delay period to remind diver shetalerm needs tobe turned of Atend of 8, Sontlart stops and much louder Dell sane: ‘lend to further cacourage Intruder. Poor fan, The Smert Alarm, 73 Megasine June 1978, para 00k suirenes SHORT DURATION TIMERS ARE NEEDED TOALLOW ENTRY AND EXIT DELAYED ALARM—When normaly dosed ar iar switch is opened, at eetion of NESS ‘ual timer start sting ey. Alter delay to ‘low for entry or ext, pn § goes Iw to ener te alarm rout. Now, as long as all door ‘Sevtches re losed, PNP treneetr le kept off because pn ie high. When any door ewtch ie ‘opened, tranalator turn on efter normal delay {or owner to enter cr, and hom i sounded less ower closee atmidaarm serch thin ‘delay time —"Signtin Analog Data Manual” ‘Signatica, Sunnyvale, CA, 1977, p 724-725,104 MODER ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL ‘Alarm lst at al times. St la normally closed pushbutton tpe In door jam. Opening $1 stare mer, and closing Wt resets slerm—R 5. Hervey, Junk Box Fol Theves, OST, Sept 1977, p50-51 = 1. £. Yeo, 4 2800 00 Pome ee + ven ter MULTIPLEXED BURGLAR ALARM—Muttipiox: Ing technique provides for detection of stat of Upto 10 soneors, with immediate dentifeation tnd locaton of activated sensor Only one pait ‘of wires rane from eontrl unit to parallaled re mote sensor eels, one of whieh is shown at “per right Each sensor location uses diferent ‘output from one to ser Multiplexer cult based on 4017 decade counter heving 10nd opamp convertssensorlinecurentologic low: ‘vidual outputs, to give signals in TO time slots. eltorclocung by mester 4017 te contol out. Powersupply alls used toreset counter Clock putlatches and diplay diver. Two consecutive Ine is otmineted by switching supply Hne a sensor-open signals sre required to activate square wave. Sensor inletion lie is alm: alr, minimizing fale alana by interference hated by detecting power supply current drain. pulses—-R. 4. Chanen, Mutiploned Alem, ‘Control unitusesouctator and shit register to Wireless Word, Nov. 1878, p 73-74 generate clocking waveforms, 3900 quadBURGLAR ALARM CIRCUITS 105 Soman? by sor, ae CIRCUTT-BREAKING ALARM Operates fom small 9V batter, making it independent of AC ‘Powe failure. Opening of witch or equlvalnt treating offelleondctor removes ground trom beso of transistor, to energize elarm Circus, 73Magazine, Api 1973, p 132 ‘WINDOW-FOIL —ALARM_Combinaton of affect: S, must be closed momentary ste ro owerup mono MVBR and lech, using both storing sanaor cet to turn lar of Creat factions of 556 timer, dives output line high includes 22 power-up dalay that provents Wig: ‘when sentor crafts opened at door oF win- ging of alarm when tf at tamed on —W. ‘dow setch or by breaking fll on glass. Once G. dung, “IC Timer Cookbook" Howard W. ‘ltr in Wiggere,recouing f senor hax mo Same, Indlanapoi IN, 197, p 231-222, LOW-CURRENT INTRUDER ALARM—Use of sunlight and backgrounds intrmittentiy il: A. only when incident radiation is changed by programmable wA77Bopampsreducesstandby inated bysun. Low-cost mirroreuiedinitesd_ movemant of intruder in montored ‘current of infrared alarm to 300A, permitting oflens to concentrate infrared radiation on de:_“Carnmic Pyrnlaticifeared Detector” Mal ‘operation from smal rechargeable cll. Detec- tector Rschoranto make nputto frst opemp lar, London, 187, Techical Note 72, TPI8E4, {or Is Mullard RPYBE thet responds only to between ZandBV.chrouk nergizualarm relay p8. ‘wavelengths above 6m, making Rimmune ts108 LUGHTANTERRUPTION DETECTOR—Use of ‘SOR as regenerative amplifier rather than a8 ‘switch gives extremely high seraltviy to very Sight reductions in ight reching photoreria: for Requires no light toures or scouataly ‘Signed ight-beam opts in ypea appleation ‘burg slarm, ight shining through window {rom atoetight provides suiientamblon I luminaton so any movement of itrader within 1Ofoet of unit wil energize Sonalort alam. Sen. shivty control Rete acted 80 SCR reclvor positve pues from AC line, but thelr amp a tudo Is not qute enough to star regenerative scton of SCA. Reduction night than inoreates feaistance of photoreistor enough to rlee level of gate pales for SCR starting rogonere- ‘Sve ampliication that energizes rele. Use Mal. tory SC829P Sonalart which produces pulted 2800-H2 sound. With 52 open, alarm stops ‘whan changes in ight cease With SZ closed, lar is etched on and 81 must be opened to ‘0p sound —RF. Graf and. Whalen, "The Bull Book of Safety Electronics,” Howard W. Sams, Inlonapole, IN, 1878, p7=12. MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL 1 LATCHING ALARM —Closed-creut slam ‘drawing only 130 nA of standby current from battery is turned on by opeing sensor switch or eting wir, Automate latching contacts on Felay prevent burglar oF Intruder trom dese ‘ating farm by reseting sensor switch Relay [is Rado Shack 27-004, Sensor canbe fil etip ‘round window subject to broakage.—F. M Mims, “Transistor Projets, Vol. 3,” Rado ‘Shack, Fort Worth, TX 1975 p 75-86. aul ee) MICROWAVE DOPPLER INTRUSION ALARN— Mallard CLB960 X-band Doppler radar module detacts movement of remote target by meni ‘worng Doppler sift In microwave radiation ro ‘ected from target. Module consists f Gunn nciletor cavity producing energy to be related, mounted alongelde mbxer cavity thet ‘combines reflected energy with sample of ot- ‘llstorshgnal. Tranamited frequency Te 10.7 {Gite Doppler change is about 31 He or relative velocity of 48 mie (1 mph of elative velocity between bject end modula, giving AF output for velocties up to 400 mph. Ftered AF i op pled through diode pump to tiger of alcon controlled switch TRA thet makes contacts of {ed reley open for about 1s. lay neton re [ested as long os intruder Isin monitored aren. Report covers circu operetion In detall—J.E. ‘Sew, "Microwave Doppler Intuder Alara,” ‘Mullard, London, 1876, Technleal Information 36,P1670.06.BURGLAR ALARM CIRCUITS 07 wre ere VISUAL NOICATOR When cout is ctated by igh cutout of burger slr cel, 555 ‘mer opereting as very low frequency HBR or. rx noe Hen 5 gc fee LD, ah on do ding slr oan: SEE tees dio, Alemate connection of LED, toV+ holds LED, on for standby wile Rashog Hing HOTELROOM ALARM—Alarm mounted In shown by dashed nein orerto lence sar. alarm, Oncletar utput lane eval for flashtght shaped cyinderis postionedon floor Once silenced, Scan be opened to daconnect_ othr uses dated, Incictor cane located Inside hotel room In such a way tet Its ltchaoslarmcanbemoved Otvereppliations remetaly om slanm.—W. . dung, “K.Timat ‘rocked ovr by ntuder opening door. Mer- Inia protection of unattended uggege. Chis CookbowkHowerd W. Sam, ndenapell ary switch 82 then tggers SCR and activates 01 nF, Rte? mogohm ale KRSM IOand 1977p 252-236, Malory 8629 pulsed Sonater slerm.Ccut 82s mercury element removed fm GE mer latches on and can be ted of only By use of cury tongle switch —R.F. Graf and @. Darington-ampliier touch switch Connection Whalen, “The ulst Book of Safety Eatrom from bese of Derington to postive terminal of i.” Howard W. Sams, Inanapoi 11978.» batery must be mode through Rogerips 19°24 Teas] 1 [sae wore SoD on Gas Arenceniste, ‘min SHUTOFF—Vehideintrusionslarmshuts not afactd by subsequent opening or closing O1 and relay, aa wales automatic shutoff delay ‘ff automaticaly in about min after being tig. of doors. System uo two CMOS COMO0TAE Article gives construction dette an leyout for ‘ered, as required by law in some states, rain quad tworinput NOR gates for switching ogi. printer board Wo. Pruchomie, Ver ‘on battery is negligible unl alarm ie et off by 1C1 provides sensor interface, atch, and etry! hcl Security Systeme, 72Magarine, Oct. 1877, Imtnader. Once tiggered, operation sequencele exit time delays. IC provides output through p 22-125,108 MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL ode hE] OP” CCURRENT.DRAIN SENSOR—Current draw by LTB ASE st, Sateen [fa re ie LT obae pnsmrleemeereretar, ‘ohorn relay. ntl 1 delay sounding hom 7 thas Sith St'to deactivate alam, St fe ot Tou il pened during dle interval nom sound for ‘bout 90s, hon ceult automaticaly resets {elf C5 and RS contol duration of inal 15-5 wie doin, C2 and Re contol total time thet horn ts ronamnscay ‘tounds.—A. F. Graf and G. J. Whalen, “The eve ho [Butast Book of Stet Electronics Howard W. ‘Sems,inlanapols, IN, 1976, p 57-82 PULSED-HORN ALARM_Two CMOS packages. gene Incorporate mutiple tine days to Improve ‘convenience and effectivenees of auto nusion how clu works and gives detaled Insts ‘lar, RICT gives 30-2 dalny for arming ser ‘oneforinetallatin and eonnection to door and sitar its tured on by switch concealed inside sets alarm system for next Intrusion. Car hom trunk switches —G. Hinkle, Give the Hambur ato lt driver got out of ear RZC2 gles 16 Is pulsed 60 times per minute, so alarm would glar Heart Faure, 73Mapazine, Feb. 1977,p238— not be contised with stuck hom. Article tele 37 INTRUDER ALARM—input Je from Mullard ment of intuder in monltored space. Mirors width a 0.3-10 He. Fit trigger having thesh- [RPY86 infrared detector responding to wave- rather then lenses concentrate Incident redl- old of about 1V, dtves second tigger through lengths above 61m, making immune te sun Son ondatetorbeceure mirrors donot require diode pump to energize slarm relay when I= light end backgrounds intermittently Suni high-quality eurtece fish, Preamp le followed trader le present-—"Geremic Pyoslect I= inated by sun. Output signals produced only by two amplifier stage, with R1O varying gain fared Detector” Mullar, London, 1878, Tech- ‘when incident radiation Is changed by move: of second stage between 10 and 100. Band- neal Note 79, TP1664,p 8.BURGLAR ALARM CIRCUITS OPEN-CIRCUTT ALARM—Closing of door ot ‘window awiteh sensor or doing of normally {pen panic button switch at bedside and other Strategie locations in home trips alarm that Sounds loud ball and fashee bight ight on and {tL Sensor shorts control winding o Kt, llow- ing K1 to drop out and apply line voltage to rm cru. One AC pth through OS which ‘rctiies AC for energaing DC latch relay K2 to ‘hortsensorlins eventhough iniatingseneor has opened. Simultenecusly, AC is apied to lode bridge having SCR between DC loge. C2 starts charging through R2 ond A, and C3 ‘harges though Ra. When vottage across C2 reaches about 90 VDC, ros naon and C2 dis charges Into gate of SCR. Ful line vttage Is then applied to limp and bel plogged into load ‘utlts. When C2 drope below holding current, ‘SCR turns off during next AC eye and load ‘008 off uni neon fires agen. Setting of SK pot Re gees range of 1580 flashes and hom pulaee per sevond, To stop alarm, open SPST switch ‘momentary A. F. Gra and G. J. Whalen, "The Bult Book of Setety Electrons,” How: ard W. Sams, Indianapolis, IN, 1876, p 75-80. ‘SOUND-ACTIVATED SWITCH—Can be used 28 ‘tensor for burglar alarm or for turning on eur: Vellance tape recorder to monitor converse tons ls adhste to give destedsensitvey at whlch A, triggers ste Q, to provide 200- ‘A led eurent and tim on indleaor LED. Fst ‘ecton of LMIQ9 quad comparator serves ar {tmplifer and detector providing gai of 100. Second comparator compares DC output of fst with reference level selected by Re—D.R-Mor- n, Sound Tums Switch On, EDN Magazin, ‘Aug. 5 1978, p62 and 04 [ALARM DRIVES PAGING BEEPER—Complate protection of vehlte ie provided by muRipioy of doorewiteh, matawitch, vibration, maton land other sensors connerted to common sen Sorinputof alarm vwtching dre thet controls iter operating around 147 Mie, 10:0 ele: tron siren, and power hom, Closing of contacts in any sensor grounds common Input (assuming Keylock switch has bean closed to rm crt by applying +12 V1 applying power {o siren and pager ester. Range e about trl WIRE-CUTTING ALARMSCR norma acts a8 ‘open cieit i sties with 12:VDC alae relay because grid ie made negative by voltage a der conslating of TOOK In secon with 800 ‘and SCR conducts, to energize rele. sound hhom, and make headlights shine brightly. Ad pF ullsale range Larger values of pac: lance are ad by decreasing frequency with 17490 decade dividers. Use Mallory PYCADY for crore Tri ‘2:VACRlament wanstormer. 82 1 VOM functions. Arte gives Sesign equations —K. H.Caveoy, Rad Capect- tance wth Your VOM, OST, Dee. 1978,p 36-37. = eemu MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL = =e el or 1 5 pF TO 1 pF —Consiets of an oseietor using ‘wo gates from CD4OTT quad NAND gate, sep: trated from diode rectfer by another NAND ‘ite ncrencingeaclator frequency gives more ‘ulbes per second and higher integrated mtr Feading. Each meter ranges liner, 30 value of [Sp capacitor can be read on lowest range. = Dips tre or euln R my Fore ok wings sto vue show ef od {Sie rink endo impst Bris la] Tact) ‘enstar bet. Are ovr oothton 7 sot carton" trv apne = Uingt uta 2 StopeCapctones Noe, tot "Bmepee on op 18 8 rane Rc Fragamey ooonr Tsk Ser Homans Cioooor 3 dope Take Shur” Soe tsoder Tae tur ast Sizer ryote Mee SU tape 1 Ht i 2 + oa St pe, 2s00Kon, A Vow-capacanea mode! 2eecton 8 ing eapectance made! ‘CAPACITOR TESTER—Portable instrument. ne ‘mossures capacitance vahiest0 2500 nF and mode A modeB mode: leakage current with up to 8 V applied. Timer $2 tok, Spotion FF {Ut operates we lock providing about 360 nog A ative-going pulses per second to trigger timer oe br Uz‘and unclamp test capacitor 0 Tt charges Bee mA ‘through switsh-elected ener to hal of up ly vltege, U2 then roves, dacharging ep Dox 200 for through pn 7. During charge, pin of U2ie £10 25000 leakage igh (about 8) and duttin of high stat is
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