executive summary

LD50 LD50 EU countries In seed Systemic Main crops where used

ORAL (g CONTACT where it is used coatings? chemical? in Europe
per bee) (g per bee)

Imidacloprid 0.0037 0.081 AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, yes yes Rice, cereal, maize,
DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, potatoes, vegetables,
FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, sugar beets, fruit, cotton,
Class Neonicotinoid LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, sunflower and in garden
RO, SE, SI, SK, UK areas.
Maker Bayer Systemic mode of action
when used as a seed or
Commercial Gaucho, Confidor, soil treatment.
names Imprimo and many
others

Thiamethoxam 0.005 0.024 AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, yes yes Maize, rice, potatoes,
DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, sunflower, sugar
FI, FR, HU, IT, LT, LU, beet, leafy and fruity
Class Neonicotinoid LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, vegetables, cotton, citrus,
RO, SE, SI, SK, UK tobacco and soya beans.
Maker Syngenta

Commercial Cruiser, Actara

names

Clothianidin 0.00379 0.04426 AT, BE, BG, CZ, DE, yes yes Maize, rape seed, sugar
DK, EE, EL, ES, FI, beet, sunflower, barley,
Class Neonicotinoid FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, cotton, soybean.
NL, PL, PT, RO, SI,
Maker Bayer, Sumitomo SK, UK
Chemical Takeda
Commercial
names Poncho, Cheyenne,
Dantop, Santana

Fipronil 0.00417 BE, BG, CY, CZ, ES, yes moderately Seed coating for maize,
HU, NL, RO, SK cotton, dry beans,
Class Phenylpyrazole soybeans, sorghum,
sunflower, canola, rice
Maker BASF and wheat. Non-crop use
to control fleas, termites,
Commercial Regent cockroaches, and as fruit
names fly attractant.

Chlorpyriphos 0.25 0.059 AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, yes no Maize, cotton, almonds,
DE, EE, EL, ES, FR, and fruit trees including
Class Organophosphate HU, IE, IT, LU, MT, oranges and apples
NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, Non-crop use to control
Maker Bayer, Dow Agroscience, SK, UK fleas, ants, termites,
and others mosquitoes, etc.
Commercial
names Cresus, Exaq, Reldan
and many others

Cypermethrin 0.035 0.02 AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, yes no Fruit and vegetable crops,
DE, DK, EE, EL, ES, cotton. As biocide for
Class Pyrethroid FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, domestic and industrial
LU, LV, MT, NL, PT, uses (i.e. schools,
Maker Many, including French RO, SE, SK, UK hospitals, restaurants,
SBM DVLPT and CPMA food processing plants,
Commercial livestock)
names Demon WP, Raid, Cyper,
Cynoff, Armour C, Signal

Deltamethrin 0.079 0.0015 AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, yes no Fruit trees (apple,
DE, EE, EL, ES, FI, pear, plum), brassicas
Class Pyrethroid FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, (cabbage family), peas.
LV, MT, NL, PL, PT,
Maker Many RO, SE, SI, SK, UK Greenhouse crops
such as cucumbers,
Commercial Cresus, Decis, Deltagrain, tomatoes, peppers, and
names Ecail, Keshet, Pearl ornamentals.
Expert, and many others

8 Bees in Decline Greenpeace Research Laboratories Technical Report (Review) 01/2013