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Rock Mechanics & Tunnel Engineering
Rock Mechanics & Tunnel Engineering
Rock Mechanics & Tunnel Engineering
Tunnel Engineering
Rock Mechanics Jian Zhao
Course Information
Objectives:
(a) To understand of the mechanical behaviour of
rock materials and masses, and be able to
analyse mechanical properties of rocks for civil
engineering applications;
(b) To be able to carry out analysis and design of
tunnel excavation and support by understand the
mechanisms of ground behaviours and using
appropriate methods.
2
Course Information
Week Lecture Content Exercise
1 Rock formations and weathering, rock masses, Review of rock types
in situ stress and groundwater, applied
mechanics
2 Properties of rock material, strength and failure UCS and BTS tests, rock
criteria, effects of anisotropy, dynamic strength, material strengths and moduli
rock material testing
3 Characteristics and strength of rock joints, flow JSS test and shear strengths;
in joint, coupled properties, joint testing core logging, RQD
5 GSI, rock mass strength criteria, rock mass GSI and rock mass strength
modulus
Introduction
Rock mechanics is a
discipline that uses the
principles of mechanics to
describe the behaviour of
rock of engineering scale.
8
Rock Formation
13
Rock Formation
Igneous Rocks
14
Course Information
Week Lecture Content Exercise
1 Rock formations and weathering, rock masses, Review of rock types
in situ stress and groundwater, applied
mechanics
2 Properties of rock material, strength and failure UCS and BTS tests, rock
criteria, effects of anisotropy, dynamic strength, material strengths and moduli
rock material testing
3 Characteristics and strength of rock joints, flow JSS test and shear strengths;
in joint, coupled properties, joint testing core logging, RQD
5 GSI, rock mass strength criteria, rock mass GSI and rock mass strength
modulus
Introduction
Rock mechanics is a
discipline that uses the
principles of mechanics to
describe the behaviour of
rock of engineering scale.
8
Rock Formation
Sedimentary Rocks
17
Rock Formation
18
Rock Formation
Sandstone
Rock salt
Shale
Conglomerate
19
Rock Formation
Metamorphic Rocks
20
Rock Formation
13
Rock Formation
Igneous Rocks
14
Rock Formation
Extrusive
(fine grain) Rhyolite Andesite Basalt None
Silica Content >65% Silica 50-65% Silica 40-50% Silica <40% Silica
Quartz Amphibole
Main Mineral Orthoclase Plagioclase Ca-Plagioclase Olivine
Composition N-Plagioclase Biotite Pyroxene Pyroxene
Muscovite
Minor Mineral Biotite Pyroxene Olivine Ca-Plagioclase
Composition Amphibole Amphibole
Sedimentary Rocks
17
Rock Formation
18
Rock Formation
Sandstone
Rock salt
Shale
Conglomerate
19
Rock Formation
Metamorphic Rocks
20
Rock Formation
Original parent
Rock Texture Metamorphic grade
rock
Shale (clay
Slate Foliated Low grade
minerals)
Low to intermediate
Phyllite Foliated Shale
grade
Low to intermediate
Mica schist Foliated Shale
grade
Chlorite
Foliated Low grade Basalt
schist
Granite, shale,
Gneiss Foliated High grade
andesite
Limestone,
Marble Non-foliated Low to high grade
dolomite
Intermediate to high
Quartzite Non-foliated Quartz sandstone
grade
21
Rock Formation
Marble Quartzite
22
Rock Formation
Rock Textures
23
Rock Formation
24
Rock Formation
Rock Textures
25
Rock Discontinuities
Rock Joints
26
Rock Discontinuities
27
Rock Discontinuities
Faults
28
29
Rock Discontinuities
Folds
30
31
Rock Discontinuities
Bedding Planes
32
33
34
A borehole: 10 cm.
A tunnel: 12 m diameter.
35
20 cm
36
Rock Material and Rock Mass
37
Discontinuities
Rock material
38
Rock Material and Rock Mass
39
40
Inhomogeneity and Anisotropy
41
Granite Gneiss
Sandstone
42
Inhomogeneity and Anisotropy
43
Inhomogeneity of a rock
mass is primarily due to the
existence of the various
discontinuities.
44
Inhomogeneity and Anisotropy
Anisotropy
Anisotropy is defined as
properties are different in
different direction. It occurs
in both rock materials and
rock mass.
45
Anisotropy
46
Special Rocks
Fresh granite
Weathered granite
63
Special Rocks
Weathered Rock
64
Special Rocks
65
Special Rocks
66
Special Rocks
Swelling Rock
67
68
In Situ Stresses
53
In Situ Stresses
Effective Stress
54
In Situ Stresses
Re-distribution of Stress
55
V V
V V
56
57
Ground Water
58
Ground Water
61
Special Rocks
62
Special Rocks
Fresh granite
Weathered granite
63
Special Rocks
Weathered Rock
64
Special Rocks
65
Special Rocks
66
Special Rocks
Swelling Rock
67
68
Special Rocks
Crushed Rock
69
Special Rocks
70