Ch 2:

Kho st hin trng & Xc nh yu cu

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 1 HIENLTH
 Ni dung

Tng quan v Yu cu PM
Xc nh yu cu
c t yu cu
Thm nh yu cu
c t h thng v lm bn mu

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 2 HIENLTH

 Phn 1

KHO ST HIN TRNG

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 3 HIENLTH

 Ni dung

Giai on kho st hin trng v xc nh yu cu

Hin trng t chc
Hin trng nghip v
Hin trng Tin hc (phn cng, phn mm, con
ngi)
Xc nh v thu thp yu cu:
Phn loi yu cu:
Yu cu chc nng: Lu tr, tra cu, tnh ton, kt xut
Yu cu phi chc nng
K thut thu thp yu cu:
Phng vn
Bng cu hi
Nghin cu cc ti liu
Quan st thc t
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 4 HIENLTH
 Ni dung

Ti liu kho st hin trng yu cu

S dng Power Designer m t yu cu
Use Case Diagram
Business Process Model
Data Flow Diagram

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 5 HIENLTH

 Giai on kho st
Kho st Ni dung:

Xc nh quy trnh x l
Phn tch nghip v
Thu thp biu mu thng k
Thit k
Kt qu: Ci t
Ti liu c t kin trc h thng:
Yu cu chc nng Kim tra
Yu cu phi chc nng
Trin khai
Kin trc h thng

Bo tr

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 6 HIENLTH

 Giai on kho st (tt)

Xt H thng qun l gio v ti trng i hc

Qui trnh x l nghip v
X l nhp hc
X l nhp im
X l sinh vin tt nghip
Qun l ging vin
Bo biu thng k
H s sinh vin
H s ging vin
Bng im sinh vin
Bng im theo lp
Danh sch lp
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 7 HIENLTH
 Giai on kho st (tt)

Kt qu
Yu cu chc nng:
Lu tr nhng thng tin g?
Tra cu theo tiu chun no?
X l tnh ton theo cng thc no?
Kt xut, thng k?
Yu cu phi chc nng:
Ci t trn mi trng no? Windows hay Web?
S dng h qun tr c s d liu no?
Access/SQL Server/Oracle/DB2
S dng cng ngh g?
Java/.NET/Delphi/PHP/

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 8 HIENLTH

 Giai on kho st (tt)

Xt h thng qun l gio v trng i hc:

Kin trc h thng:
Windows Application
Database Server

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 9 HIENLTH

 Giai on kho st (tt)

Xt h thng qun l gio v trng i hc:

Kin trc h thng:
Web Server
Database Server
Client

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 10 HIENLTH

 YU CU CA NGI DNG

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 11 HIENLTH

 Yu cu phn mm

Yu cu ngi s dng (user requirements):

Nhng pht biu bng ngn ng t nhin, biu m t cc
dch v m h thng cung cp v cc rng buc.
Yu cu h thng (system requirements):
nu ra cc dch v ca h thng v chi tit cc rng buc. Ti liu
ny (c th c gi l c t chc nng) cn r rng, chnh xc.
N c dng lm c s cho hp ng gia khch hng v ngi
pht trin h thng.
c t phn mm: l m t khi qut cc chc nng phn
mm tr gip hot ng nghip v lm c s thit k v trin
khai phn mm sau ny. Ti liu c t phn mm c b sung
thm cc chi tit tr thnh ti liu c t yu cu h thng.
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 12 HIENLTH
 Xc nh yu cu

Khi no thc hin xc nh yu cu?

Quy trnh thc hin xc nh yu cu ?
c t yu cu ngi dng nh th no ?

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 13 HIENLTH

 Xc nh yu cu (tt)

Xc nh yu cu c thc hin trong cc

trng hp sau:
C yu cu t pha khch hng
K hoch thc hin d n c chp nhn
(Project proposed)

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 14 HIENLTH

 Su liu hin trng v yu cu

Su liu m t hin trng, yu cu bao

gm:
Qui trnh x l nghip v
Yu cu chc nng v phi chc nng
Danh sch mu biu thng k
Kin trc h thng
Phng n trin khai h thng
K hoch s b thc hin, trin khai d n

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 15 HIENLTH

 Danh sch biu mu thng k

Bo co, thng k gm cc loi sau:

Bo co c in trn biu mu in sn
Bo co c in trn giy trng
V d: danh sch mu biu thng k h thng
qun l nhn s:
H s nhn vin
Hp ng lao ng (biu mu)
Danh sch nhn vin thuc phng ban
Danh sch nhn vin c tng lng
Danh sch nhn vin c b nhim chc v mi
.
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 16 HIENLTH
 Kho st hin trng

Hin trng t chc

Hin trng nghip v
Hin trng Tin hc (phn cng, phn
mm, con ngi)

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 17 HIENLTH

 Kho st hin trng

Hin trng t chc

i ni: C cu t chc ni b
Bn thn t chc l mt h thng, c c cu t
chc
S c cu t chc ni b
Cch nhn tng th v 1 t chc
i ngoi:
T chc Mi trng ca t chc

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 18 HIENLTH

 Kho st hin trng

Hin trng nghip v

Hiu c quy trnh nghip v: mc tiu quan
trng nht ca kho st hin trng
C bao nhiu nghip v, bao nhiu quy trnh?
Di gc nhn ca ngi lm qun l, khng phi
ca chuyn vin Tin hc
Nghip v c thc hin nh th no?
Cc cng on, b phn lin quan
Tn sut? Thi im thc hin

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 19 HIENLTH

 Kho st hin trng

Hin trng nghip v (tt)

Khi lng tc v/quyt nh?
nh gi nghip v hin ti
Cn c nhng nhn xt ca nhng ngi chuyn
mn trong gung my cng tc hin ti
C vn /kh khn g hin ti hay khng?
Nguyn nhn?
Vn /kh khn c lp vi cng ngh, ch lin
quan n chuyn mn nghip v th cn gii quyt
ngay

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 20 HIENLTH

 Kho st hin trng

Hin trng Tin hc

Phn cng:
Cc thit b hin ti,
S lng,
Cu hnh,
V tr (vt l),
Tnh hnh kt ni mng,
Loi kt ni

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 21 HIENLTH

 Kho st hin trng

Hin trng Tin hc (tt)

Phn mm:
H iu hnh
H qun tr CSDL
Cc phn mm tin ch khc

Con ngi:
Trnh chuyn mn Tin hc

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 22 HIENLTH

 Xc nh v thu thp yu cu

Phn loi yu cu: C 2 loi yu cu chnh:

Yu cu chc nng (functional requirements):
L danh sch cc cng vic s c thc hin trn
my tnh cng vi cc thng tin m t tng ng.
Yu cu phi chc nng (non--functional
requirements)
L cc yu cu lin quan n cht lng phn
mm. (Yu cu v cht lng PM)
L s rng buc trn cch thc thc hin yu cu
chc nng.

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 23 HIENLTH

 V d Phn loi yu cu

Yu cu Loi
Thng k doanh thu bn hng Chc nng
Tra cu sch Chc nng
X l v phn hi nhanh Phi chc nng
Bo mt mt khu Phi chc nng

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 24 HIENLTH

 Yu cu chc nng

c chia lm 2 loi:
Yu cu chc nng nghip v.
Yu cu chc nng h thng.

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 25 HIENLTH

 Yu cu chc nng nghip v

Cc chc nng ca PM
tng ng vi cng vic c tht trong th gii
thc.
C 4 loi chc nng chnh ng vi 4 loi
nghip v thng dng trong cc lnh vc:
Chc nng Lu tr
Chc nng Tra cu
Chc nng Tnh ton
Chc nng Kt xut
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 26 HIENLTH
 Yu cu chc nng nghip v (tt)

Chc nng lu tr:

Tng ng vi cc cng vic ghi chp thng tin s sch.
VD: ghi nhn im thi kt thc hc phn ca sinh vin vi qui nh im s
(t 0 n 10)
Chc nng tra cu:
Tng ng vi cc cng vic tm kim v xem thng tin tng ng.
VD: tm sch v xem tnh trng sch
Chc nng tnh ton:
Tng ng vi cc cng vic tnh ton (theo qui nh, cng thc cho trc)
VD: tnh tin pht tr sch tr hn theo qui nh pht
Chc nng kt xut:
Tng ng vi cc cng vic lp cc bo co (theo biu mu cho trc)
VD: Lp bo co thng k v s lt mn sch theo tng th loi trong
nm

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 27 HIENLTH

 Yu cu chc nng h thng

L cc chc nng PM phi pht sinh thm khi tin hnh

cc cng vic trn my tnh thay v trong th gii thc.

L cc chc nng khng tng ng vi bt k cng vic

no trong th gii thc (c nhu cu nhng khng th thc
hin th cng).

Mt s chc nng h thng thng dng sau:

Phn quyn s dng gia cc loi ngi dng.
Sao lu, backup, phc hi thng tin.
nh cu hnh thit b, ngy gi lm vic.
M phng hot ng th gii thc.
Bo ng, nhc nh ngi dng.
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 28 HIENLTH
 Yu cu chc nng h thng (tt)

Phn quyn s dng gia cc loi ngi dng.

VD: Phn quyn cho 3 loi ngi dng trong
phn mm qun l th vin.
Qun tr h thng: c quyn s dng tt c cc
chc nng.
Th th: ch s dng cc chc nng lin quan n
vic mn tr sch.
c gi: ch s dng chc nng tra cu.
Sao lu, backup, phc hi thng tin.
VD: Sao lu thng tin cc hc sinh ra
trng v ch phc hi khi cn thit.
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 29 HIENLTH
 Phn quyn s dng
Th th v Qun tr phi ng nhp trc khi s dng

Qun tr
STT Chc nng c gi Th th
H thng
1 Lp th c gi X X

2 Tip nhn sch mi X X

3 Tra cu sch X X X

4 Cho mn sch X X

5 Nhn tr sch X X

6 Lp bo co X X

7 Thay i qui nh X

8 Sao lu, phc hi X

9
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 30 X HIENLTH
 Yu cu chc nng h thng (tt)

nh cu hnh thit b, ngy gi lm vic.

Chn loi my in, kch thc giy, nin kho
hin hnh, thng lm vic hin ti
Bo ng, nhc nh ngi dng.
Nhc nh th th gi giy bo i sch khi c
c gi mn sch qu hn.
Bo ng khi c khch hng thiu n qu lu
hay s tin qu ln.

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 31 HIENLTH

 Yu cu phi chc nng
Yu cu v sn phm:
Yu cu kh dng
Yu cu hiu qu (v hiu nng, v khng gian), tc x l
Yu cu v tin cy
Yu cu kh chuyn
Yu cu v t chc:
Yu cu chuyn giao
Yu cu trin khai
Yu cu v chun
Yu cu m rng:
Yu cu hot ng bn trong
Yu cu o c
Yu cu php l
Yu cu v c nhn
Yu cu an ton
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 32 HIENLTH
 Xc nh v thu thp yu cu

Khi nim:
Qu trnh nm bt yu cu
Lm r yu cu
Gi m yu cu
K thut thu thp yu cu:
Phng vn
Bng cu hi
Nghin cu cc ti liu
Quan st thc t
Lp kch bn (scenarios)
Phn tch thit k nhm (JAD)
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 33 HIENLTH
 Phng vn

Phng vn c nhn/phng vn nhm?

Phng vn c nhn
Phng vn nhm
Phng vn t do/phng vn c nh hng?
Phng vn t do
Ngi c hi c cm gic thoi mi, cung cp nhiu thng tin su
sc
Nguy c: khng c c nhng thng tin cn thit, thng tin kh
h thng c
Phng vn c nh hng
Ngi c hi c th cm thy khng thoi mi, t c kh nng ghi
nhn c nhn xt, kin, suy ngh ring ca ngi c phng
vn, t cm nhn c thi ca h i vi hin trng.
C th nh hng ni dung cn tm hiu, c th h thng ha cc
vn ghi nhn c
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 34 HIENLTH
 Phng vn (tt)

Lm vic vi cp lnh o nm mc tiu

ca h thng phn mm cn xy dng,
nhng i tng cn phng vn
Yu cu cp lnh o thng bo xung cc
phng ban, n v hp tc
Phn tch xc nh ng v nhng i
tng cn phng vn
Hn lch lm vic
Xc nh trc v tr/trch nhim ca ngi
sp phng vn

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 35 HIENLTH

 Phng vn (tt)

Khi tm hiu, cn ghi nhn cc thng tin:

Ni dung: ci g?
Bao gi c: thi gian + thi hn
Bng cch no c ni dung thng tin
Ni dung dng g?
nh gi ca ngi c phng vn v tnh hnh
hin ti thc hin nghip v
Khng nn:
a nhn xt c nhn ca ngi phng vn
Dng thut ng/ngn ng Tin hc

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 36 HIENLTH

 S dng bng cu hi

Phi trnh by r:
Mc ch ca bng cu hi,
Mc ch s dng nhng thng tin trong bng cu hi,
Tnh bo mt thng tin tr li (khng tit l ai l ngi cung cp thng
tin, khng l ra ngoi t chc)
Hng dn cch in: rt cn thit, cn lu trnh hiu nhm
Thi hn tr v
Cn nhc khi gn n thi hn
Cu hi trnh by r rng
Hnh thc bng cu hi phi d dng x l t ng
Cn dnh ch ghi cu tr li.
Thm ch cho li bnh
Khng phi ch cui trang, hay cui bng cu hi,
Nn d kin nhng cu hi no s c kin thm th nn c sn ch
ghi li bnh ngay di cu hi )
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 37 HIENLTH
 Nghin cu cc ti liu

Cc ti liu (c th tm hiu nhng vn bn chung)

Nhng quy nh ni b
Cc bo co lin quan
Nhng quy nh v quy trnh nghip v
Rt kh c y vn bn quy nh v quy trnh nghip v
n v t chun ISO?
Nhng quy nh bt thnh vn !!!
Thng d tin hnh hn k thut phng vn hay bng
cu hi
Thng c tin hnh trc lm c s chun b cho
vic phng vn hay dng bng cu hi

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 38 HIENLTH

 Quan st thc t

Tin hnh sau cng (nu cn thit)

Kim tra li:
hiu ng nghip v hin ti?
C nhng ngoi l?
Pht hin nhng kh khn, l hng trong quy
trnh nghip v

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 39 HIENLTH

 Phng php lp kch bn

tng:
Xem phn mm nh mt v kch
Phn chc nng thnh nhng tnh hung s
dng
Mi tnh hung s dng cho mt kch bn
din
u im:
Yu cu c gom nhm v c cu trc
Yu cu c m t chi tit v r rng
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 40 HIENLTH
 Phng php lp kch bn (tt)
Chc nng Tnh hung M t
(mn din) (cnh din) (kch bn)
ng nhp Ngi dng H thng: yu cu tn ng nhp v mt khu
ng nhp Ngi dng: cung cp thng tin ri ngh ng nhp
thnh cng H thng: Chuyn ti mn hnh chnh
Ngi dng H thng: yu cu tn ng nhp v mt khu
ng nhp Ngi dng: cung cp thng tin ri ngh ng nhp
thnh cng H thng: thng bo sai v ngh cung cp li
Qun tr ng H thng: yu cu tn ng nhp, mt khu v cu
nhp thnh hi b mt
cng Ngi dng: cung cp thng tin ri ngh ng nhp
H thng: Chuyn ti mn hnh chnh
Qun tr ng H thng: yu cu tn ng nhp, mt khu v cu
nhp thnh hi b mt
cng Ngi dng: cung cp thng tin ri ngh ng nhp
H thng: thng bo sai v ngh cung cp li
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 41 HIENLTH
 Phn tch thit k nhm - JAD

JAD Joint Application Design

K thut p dng cho cc giai on phn tch
yu cu v c t
Cc nh pht trin v khch hng lm vic nh
mt nhm chung v c trch nhim chung i
vi kt qu u ra.
Nhm lm vic s tho lun cc yu cu cn c,
thit k cc mn hnh v bo co, xy dng m
hnh nh khung nhanh, rt ra cc c t
Ch yu da trn s ng thun (consensus)

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 42 HIENLTH

 References

Slide bi ging CNPM, H KHTN, TpHCM.

Trn Ngc Bo, Slide bi ging CNPM, H
S phm TpHCM.

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 43 HIENLTH

 Q&A

44
COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 44 HIENLTH
 THE END

COMP1026 Introduction to Software Engneering Chapter 2a - 45 HIENLTH