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The Status of Biodiesel Pp. 71-75 PDF
The Status of Biodiesel Pp. 71-75 PDF
The Status of Biodiesel Pp. 71-75 PDF
Abstract: Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative sources
of energy. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel to provide a
suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesels offer a very promising alternative to diesel oil since they are
renewable and have similar properties. Biodiesel is defined as a transesterified renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils or animal
fats with properties similar or better than diesel fuel. Extensive research and demonstration projects have shown it can be used pure
or in blends with conventional diesel fuel in unmodified diesel engines. This paper reviews the history of biodiesel development and
production practices. Fuel-related properties are reviewed and compared with those of conventional diesel fuel. The effect of use of
biodiesel fuel on engine power, fuel consumption and thermal efficiency are collected and analyzed with that of conventional diesel
fuel. In the subsequent section, the engine emissions from biodiesel and diesel fuels are compared, paying special attention to the
most significant emissions such as nitric oxides and particulate matter.
Key words: Biodiesel, vegetable oil, methyl ester, diesel engine, performance, emissions.
Table 2. Fuel properties of karanja oil, karanja methyl ester and its blends.
Sl. no. Fuel Relative density Kinematic viscosity (cSt) Calorific value (MJ/kg) Flash point (C)
1 Karanja oil 0.912 27.84 34.00 205
2 B100 0.876 9.60 36.12 187
3 B20 0.848 3.39 38.28 79
4 B40 0.856 4.63 37.85 81
5 B60 0.864 5.42 37.25 84
6 B80 0.869 6.56 36.47 92
7 Diesel 0.846 2.60 42.21 52
B100, 100% bio-diesel; B20, 20% bio-diesel + 80% diesel; B40, 40% bio-diesel + 60% diesel; B60, 60% bio-diesel + 40% diesel; B80, 80% bio-diesel + 20% diesel.
A small number of experiments, however, have reported equal accelerator position, the power output delivered by biodiesel
some improvement in thermal efficiency when using biodiesel is reduced with respect to that delivered by diesel fuel. Although
fuels. Kaplan et al. [13] explained their observed increase in due to the loss of heating value in volume basis of biodiesel,
efficiency by means of improved combustion, giving no further reduction of power of about 8% would be expected. However,
reasoning. Agarwal and Das [14] tested linseed-oil biodiesel the reported results show some variations. Many authors found
blended with high sulfur diesel fuel in a single cylinder 4 kW that the loss of power is lower than expected. Researchers such
portable engine widely used in the agricultural sector and showed as Kaplan et al. [13], Cetinkaya et al. [16] and Lin et al. [17],
increases in thermal efficiency, especially at low loads. A few have reported loss of torque and power ranged between 5% and
studies report small improvements in efficiency with biodiesel, 10%. The authors suggest the reduced heating value and difficulties
or even synergic blending effects, which could be caused by in the fuel atomization as responsible for this reduction.
reductions in friction loss associated with higher lubricity. Fig. 1 Conversely some authors such as Altiparmak et al. [18],
shows the comparison of brake thermal efficiency of balanites Usta [19] have found increase in power output of biodiesel
oil methyl ester (BOME) and diesel observed from the engines. They suggest the increase in density, viscosity and an
investigation of S.J. Deshmukh and L.B. Bhuyar [15]. improved combustion to explain this.
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