eri Te ps at are tg rl ‘ae rs ut my pct te mae yan te ie w epson ‘he perl epee nat cree ae ‘Fea te nu tg be bl "iy gun en Se ies Selo re Hh ed ame ‘np es te Soest Se oe ae mn moc MULE 6 iy et hy 8 at dd ny no ek Tee as SSSR a cy see ore Tia Annie Sci Sanam i eed ew be ‘outpninst win Fi. Those vit spit of ewe ‘Scere yt te oom mp al ‘Melanin we d= Sey het asputt ist uh my it wrguene pc ‘Serer pr sat Berane swe, ee, fee Mei [legen wfc ptinanepe fom manie tree oe ie peen cain tpn a a a os emt SE neg tomcat sea meron {© opmraios. Ao upentice ssa when econ nttionay change in Loven ureareeen sete rs Segoe eee ony omnoeh rete Siacibtoonpeero et einer een Qa armor ei eo. ay navn nmi eterno et pom Vso (he say wera eh tect meat panraicor Seer erases SSS geencnens Set ta SDecmcneree eapyeenteremmnann tty cpio rearmermeneat SSS ee oesps ire 30 Pao ego ‘nip fen vem rpg fing pn indo eed ey wi 8 way mpm ‘io ow ‘os ae easeoo ‘etn ate wal bs‘cote wf 11, emi di 4 he gh of ‘ei 00 mt By ed ee ae pid ‘Saye tas! {sit ots ae ea! he ron mpony pen he Se w ot te rt sai ree ow Diagram Feeding Stage on Sima Oy Farm ze ng bes en va wk ad i, ‘at ese ig me cal a pana te ee pe ne a ‘tiga ce ay mia Ver a ty ar ec a oe Se ap Ne lo eo we 1 fou 8 ima ys sng 3 hl 3 in, el gr fw ig ong a em Tete tice penn i i he ow ced me ‘oh fie fay oer enh ap Tec SGSISTRSSS he al open to vom Sy Seo dayne 1. Assomtty Process Chats _@ oot} te Sy Petpet ors ps Srugroee ‘Sede aera cp cher a. "hpne £7 sv» tt veo ey hf Mg a aes pe hws pr of ait fing Sng ‘ean ncaa fr dee pn ts Th a et [hoarse en trent rin Sar slig ete The rope ‘Seamipn ura bend ac anol a ‘tt ped heen sing to pnt ‘Reet pet pn Teaco oe ox, he ‘pce apm he we ae il lar Sem he ‘Shaw eet of wen he ne, wi age ip ‘and age ley tas oe hr tas non ees Se ls ae sel nd me 0 fe ips ee Son ftw te sing epee be Tel sw we mond 9 fb ed ‘St nha etl mot hg woes oe aps pan et ‘Meee hn soe pe es cl ay fi ep, ae in pene sno ca nin a Sig rn ms a a a“he muon Saree pe Sd soe tee hind caer oC Fg, sonnei og to ee st Con cnn Rat Conant ‘teem aya a ae ea No ery ceed wits manteg aa taf cme ee tnd Sek saa thee ne wus pre Fs means ine ona erat TEESE Das eee ee oe ataton ot Space na Warehouse ‘Ay ation ty wa se eps ner pei ‘hl si sce, Ca of rt oe mc See ee SA werent eeeor sti ence ein, an oe. Th app -— Sy Re a at va age gee Se eee Folitcttad gaepepetel aye peo Se ale em cn 2 Apa dar exe oe ong flowed by each mabe of ote ie ya, Ue ep ate pee ols Sr 3 era we Eeeaugée Ted tet me 5. Ee tte omen tara ny be pd ce pe, vad ‘pe fen tle abo a on etn ects Ye ck ‘sf iit edn sr at eyo se carping ‘stow pac ons Scar Tela eane o e ‘ee i ee ew ms 4 im mtb pol eg Sens ag ey ie, my ‘ha open army ox wi py ca ee ‘ned ach ap ror race ws apes ee ‘Se Ou cna by Si lee pe as ‘Sunn veo of ne rw fede, Rent enna pn ee pp fa 4. Tce hos ove ona ae re mee paige ae ote or ogo ey me es a Se ‘Eo prey ent wher sce cathe ‘Seaport Oscar un pen ae —— See ES ee]= pg oe om a 4 Ach tbe men tom tern gee: Aer lm ep Te cag con sd eeu by oe ni sg ed ig nt a ie See See ee Seen mn ay oe rcs ‘eae ated nen nal ree ca Te eo Sind tlre, nd Tuk geste ed “tor ete goo "mg hg eg ae fg a a Ri wnat Se th oe et yal eg Se isa Trae cee es ‘Sis cavers aprese ‘A spect Case ‘ee bee ing cn ts ign SO 8 Dist noo gucsontayartnut a ca prted eat {Tih get wow ed magn te nt pal vd (oom tens ou re Ta ee ee Insta ange ore poste Te in ce Hk Ineliaon ot ipa sre In 2 Fciry Bling “ue Pts Cmte Can ao nse wt of wo eg he ‘Sota fay bly Sel sa a mh eng {ie els nf ming pi tod ln rn tl et Senne a ot ie lon ip 2 e's come (Pays anPrre evs o n y e ‘Self ince pace Te srl pts rag # eal it ‘waldtew it eis enema flr a tle pe Sneath br ule vce sn of ng Be ip a ‘Sc inate ewe wa ao he pt et a ad Png arson ,Tet ge pls Sven ace ‘mene eoAS ‘pi Wide Tis bene mtd ave $00 ever Nal nd. ‘Posuedon Unce : ee 6 gees ey ase ag en eo en pein ad ‘Tene eon fae Bete ft eee Hayes ‘Sm men ih so oe pe ‘eps to Be Fold a Making & Process Chat and Row lara 1. erie te hie Oe tar es ed Soman en ram occ 2 Sen fac lin pec wate ee or 2 rt prs on a pe of NS Wt ee (2k ng i desig tl) etm. Te Bsa ad ‘Seat poe ea, yo pen ee ad oe olmak on! acs et Slt, Dsante pty ie Seen hoe dt yy re a (Smee mips ae, amy ap td th te wet et “hb yen Sd 4 ROA pi si my ee mabe te ‘Sic ea mae fn dag. et SSS ee tn 1 Ene gf rac pt wig eon tins ‘depp wed ig peo et tai tsk fina re ety ae nef yo ot ng eo on cue pe an ce Gn Take oye ren yes oa a (eons te ec oe Sao ait Sd oe ‘emu iano ams 6 Broan or top np nu of te pa gh lt tag ‘eee ely mae fara Tor dpe ad mec (Sone ns um ryan ne manele cs 8 ACTIVITY CHARTS; MAN AND MACHINE CHARTS CTT’ Gnas ‘ao cnc ad ow agen pe ue si ‘bepmencrn este harestrus oe pe e eo a put ns Suh pea reg Fp. ‘Ses 10 pag tw ns Sm fo se oe Be Satine ni ta i cis he “uch ts co fe a wi ce nad ying seotox ili Teena om ea ene ‘Sloe es en Yan a fy ‘Rtonie Bis 57 ma noc tow cya wing cod yw i gst ee{som eT; We Mc HAT uit iin in ft wre bt agy ingot a ‘ttn bt pean a pc pte “Fe tpn ning my mag tw pect fe sine ees ay ten hres ot yan efi cara a a ig Sonnet ted sc em om ‘nih $5 oh sn ‘pete peter yh mon aad cote oan. Tea at Sma rin sit “iy nae pen msn ote opr weg nt ‘hem tines coe oy wag eon papal me Sitag Costes Fane , Shes ca wih aie 2 ti gn, oe ‘etna mo he yay sn tony 7 wn ot Stn aman de 0 gt ae ee Ho tat ted BUinte St aac Se a tant Sind Skate tentrenatt anace mete Samy are ce smc tecen aeteroneres SST Stee terete Toei deere at ie nat Susie ieee (Sieh merase ot sa Son Improved Metod “ein ng cei ee, nig apy ing ‘shpat A a i nll we ey 6 Aer setae a merit at ‘omaha oft tng uno ils oe ache end Sip ebb en wn, pd mcs al le Se ae SEC tno i i kai of ee > pelt Te cen te an te stigmas Eee ighbeone mamemran armen ess Sa cone Saba eter ie omboeenae oaeaoe ere seeonateetnee roto een ‘sommes ineneta emmenS Ses eee cease ele Eesenigene son ooareemes ESneess Dmearw tee1 mse es HoTIONS 117 FUNDAMENTAL HAND MOTIONS {ow fname ate pte oe a an et ay (tor doe oes ey tt pe eh, mt ‘ep awe yo wpe lta ah ig ‘Shinty uengs nrc dpm «Ge wg hn one ‘Speco nt wou be pn, Po Eterna Se eT wes aeons ae eno SSeS Speraretemesanantioeagae Hoe ereeneeecae Ici seer eens sheen a Severance ma See SR et See race Eee ee Seog icasee acento Srna renee ee eo ‘etatons of Fundamental Hand Mtone 1. Sard 9: pe yee ig Wie sen 2 Aig ep se Sr eg nen Se ence en ‘Sl cans wom ee ee a "gi ln i rd mon code ed Bao | jem fe [se ime Th | oe Ts =e man fl 8 = = Pe 7 = ne + Eeohle Ss cars ee) mem selmi | sm [| P fees = [= (SE [Ae memenevee ome Sie ‘Shr 1 pp mre oon tn i eon a ‘fa The ad eo ea nel acne TEs on cnve of ne et mang wee mary ‘Stet tipo ecw cbt et ‘Stok. Petr vn oan psa seen rng alsa ow ne ‘ig is ater ie, hon a ate ban seo scfm nagar Set apn se ee hr ege ero whan net es aHE Proow wv0 uonons ams tc pd tt ein nth Ss ts ‘Gap (0 ing a lang ae een ‘ln pang malig Grp ne on ewe ges ee a ose ur Cog ge il ee te a “cere ny Ti ee i in min SET tog ee peer it Se Tipe oe (3 ga je ne tar he et ‘yl cri ne an cf Sagem oy own ee ey id. de sng et Tsp ed a os ‘ning enya aps cer an gene odin me anor cesar cee ed ot Cafe eo el we eo |Top ee pe, arene be ‘Soeur tts hen mea es ps ocr to et an Hg ted le mein a i et \ lied ting oe th ji Ra a gwen het ‘roe hn oes oj sce ‘el ome no agen ma Lat ele ean ede Peon ig nag wh way a wl be ty ‘df ine eer vc cts spl pe ‘teeing te os print, Teepe ep nl inp rg we canng te di mh Sb Sen Poe in woh Sb tile a [et cn ear te oe arto ple i! pa ara sen ce roe + topo tangs samp em nas ea eee Fecseceute aetties pepe ra cote ieee Se ene et scorers Ente tesineaceiaccsiegtemrmee See Si meer oseero ‘ng psn i er ating a 0 Sk er paps pe nienccbar nase eset 20 sn tgs sa ltrs preva Daria he Sagas ee once enter Shores Sain ae Peseta igoasiiyinametnoonts tee 1, ne Aline into ts je thie # ira egy cts gee ten ar ‘Siuucln ge esheets tee cng aa 12 Dowae D rpng i e ‘he tye eh Sh bls pul Pr copa Ao ‘Secu of (Us mating vin te a in pen sn ta te png meta ew et sper tore om a a stem. Ue ‘Sf Sef apn oo eS at be ‘Stfecuaras ie. gene 8 eu pg et © ng aes pn 1. Gi dy (0D ely ede ae of ee, Un {Se yes fn ef ning eo ra eer eSE SoMiaiteicvgimeomar Ses | MOTION STUDY AND MICROMOTION STUDY $e eat pit my go ig a Se ere oe, uty oe ep O42 i ad eos | MAKING THE MOTION PICTURES ‘Ri snes 2pm Petes Donan, ei ie epee ee See oar pring mate Ne tia (i bbs tne sme ashe med Speco Sees ie is a Se pave. {Si eo enn 3 ‘tate fe come epg che pe sone em Mason Pitre Camas in crm comer gw Se Sh ‘ne yx cod tay a) re 6): ncn tine gh ay nd os at “tAken eve Fb de 1 metas tai ptm 5 Mis aecn10 oe ate spe gma ticle em nal sora el hp teed tres er pen spe, 5. ecitpae mr ro & Hint lee ane @ ‘ie. | _ Productivity © Produ isa mentee ton Mis rat of rodon output io what required to prodce it (inputs. The measure oF productivity is defined as ata ouput per ne unit of otal input ‘These definitions are short but too general and insufficient to make the phenomenon productivity undersandableA more detailed theory of productivity is needed, which explains the ‘henomenon penduetivity and makes it comprehensible. Furthermore is needed ‘perationszation of the concept productivity that makes ita measureable quantity. In explaining ~~ and operationalizing ase of production models ae used. production modal isa numerical expression ofthe production preess that is based on production daa, i, measured data in the form of prices and quantiles of Inputs and outputs ‘The bagi of high productivity are manifol. At the national evel preductity rom raises ving ue cel income improves people's ably to purchase goods a services, enjoy leisure, Improve housing and educatiqn and contribute to stil and environmental program. Producti gc isimportant tothe Fim because it means that the frm can meets [perhaps rowing) obligations o customers, supplies, workers, shareholders, and governments taxes and reuition), an sti remain competive or even improve ls competitveness inthe market pace! Characteristics of production _Eoonomic well-being i created ina production process, Prodicion means in abroad sense, all ‘eceaomic activities that aim directly or indirectly to satisfy human noods. The degre to which ‘the needs are satisfied i often accepted as a measure of economic well-being, ‘The satisfaction of noods originates fFom the use ofthe commodities which are produced. The need satisfaction increases when the quaity-priceatio ofthe commodities improves und moze ‘atisfacton is achieved at less cost, Improving the qualty-price ratio of commodities ist a producer an essential way to enhance the production performance but this kindof guns Aistiowed to customers cannot be measured with production daa Economic well-being aise increases due to the growth of incomes that ae gained from the more efficient production. The most nsportant forms of production are market production, public ‘production and production in nouseholds. tn order to understand the origin othe economic well- being we must understand these three processes. Ai of them have production functions oftheir, ‘own which interact with eachother. Market production is the pe being and therefore the “primus motor” of the exonomy. Productivity isin this economic system ‘the most important feature ai an essential source of incomes.Main processes ofa producing company ‘A producing company canbe divided into sub-processes in diferent ways; yet, the following five are identified as main processes, each witha logic, objectives, theory and key figures of its ‘own, Its important to examine each of them individually, yet, = apart ofthe wile, in order to be ble to measure and understand them. The main processes Of a company areas follows: 5 "Main processes of a producing company (Saar 20063) eal process Income astibution process production process ‘monetary process ‘marke valu process Productivity is ereatd in the real process, productivity gains are distributed in the income Ly BLE 2 ie = Cate eat BD I * BL] S] EE ERE ow much ofA and B shud be bought o minimis cos? Solve graphical st ABC Ohi Sie aking 9 nel he eve es ina ee te: ated sain sou ajay os wow tig sca Based nar cram en ented that ecb vag ‘Eire 0 hitter pd pane comer wheres ced \ ‘alvo ktsutomen ad 120 pte Ea pe oe Huot and each a petcds ded Thond aency pouring be aie ‘ileyuse nen nous pr aevoupr ean IShegy yeas pe Tee ‘ Tisiedag mene het he inten f 5 men etn ook sate ‘eae mee gong thn epoton a ccs. | 4 ‘CeFie open that ara cnt ee dm rach ee 96 ft extern 10 pnt at Fras er pore ae sd ‘Sietkepmton conta conser of an arsned nuden ha ea tnd og aly He es WG wheren ee tnk ree scr olen Hehan sol mee The | Iroprer de hoa tn tro Sen more ethan Sn coe tank, Whol tank isl he dpa in onde Bae mani eee? ae y Sea 2S ne Bilin * phate 2 Lino Propane Grite Mahek BL > 18. A company products two types of pens, A and B, Profits om pen A and B are ‘abe meatus probe ‘4 A timber company cuts oes neat ante epee se or Sateceh th {Eysver Tonovng te bur rom th gn: Two hour re setared sip am 00 ot at nd rr or i i ‘ere ge have bva daperk thy ast be crit repro too ees and 1 apo 10 fof Pon og thor to toads: The tri removing machine can ipersta Up 80 Soe eee sceyegen eae ‘Sapaay cn ey a meu of 1800 fc fra eos a2 1200 fet ‘ine oes ech week. The pot po 100 fet pron ogs ine 800 end gy [1200 roa nn pawn renal Save te poem tdtetoine how ‘any fet of ach Ope of log tbe proceed wach esk Orr © Sosnie potie 1A manstaarer profiel haod sans and slr lr hich the > Rend ean hi copay. Tw protec ot cau a 1 ao at ‘rn 1a The spp opt a a yw saw ad Re or #2. A vow ‘ele tr 2 ad's ele for Hi 0 The bgt awe sins of a Fon & a5 "The company ban daly order commitnnt lr 2 Baby le aa nha of 15 ‘Maza and Popa dolla Fortulatem linear programe t mazinine doe profits. 12, Tho Kabulvallah Store sell 900 gon bagel dey tit misaeTngrdiet oat —— our ber eng ee td ee Tea ad thle prices: REP. |a Se , Te w 7 2 =e i i Saha 100 cd * lyr wit R120, 90 a Be 30 fer ale, cal and ‘vsti! Pon a del oan roi, 00 eg of Chaolate Harta, whereae fae aiseeveur weet. | Oho 2 Line PoponmingOrpe Siiod "53, Gate ba standing ore f 1000 Bas fcr and 800 ‘Const bneie every. Formule an LP mode to find how the eesipesy ‘Soules productions hat he rgd amounts tt pedals (an be oblned at miss cont bit nares in Healthy Bom werk fe conaoctie daye a have tov camecative day off."Tats fe days of work can start on any day of te. srecknd the ecole rotates indefintly. Th howptal requir the flowing “ninimum neber of arses working sur Ww 7 F Ss aot oh 6 oye 4 ‘No more than 4 muro can start their Sve working digs onthe ‘same day, Formate an LP molto sisi the numberof nurses. ‘A company wishes t allocate itd monthly prometiona badgst of Rs 10000 {imoag three advertising media, i. Doordarshan, Zee TV and CNN. The ‘umber af proopeive buyers reached by a slag advertisement each the ‘we sai 8000, 100000 and 79000 whi he cst per sdverernent oe 800 fr 1000 and Ra 750, respectively. Te company board has decided that ft Iillnot release more thaa 10, 20 sad 10 adverssomenta on Doodarahan, 2 {Vand CNN, sopoaively. The company want to maximise tho total sues — , ‘A empany manufture thee pofucte A,B and C, Bach ait of Product A egurs 4 house of eoginceing erie, 8 hous of direct Iboar and 9 of ‘atria. To prodo I unit of Protect B, it reqlos 3 hour ef engineering, ‘our of dec abour and 3 hy of material Hach wat f Product C regio {brar of enginerng 4 hour of ect labour and 2 kg of mete There are 91 hous of engiweing. 200 hoary af diectIboar snd 110g of material ‘vats cach stonth Product A yoke 9 profit of Re 10 por wi, B ives Droit of Re 7 per unit and pins Ra 6 por unit Formulate an LP model © Srcamine tne Opal prod PQR Cole company mizea South Indian, Anamene and imported cafes to ‘uke two besada of alle: Plaine X and Paina SX. The chaotic todSOR et 4 cee et Dt Mae “Tou resents for Plain X ond Pais XX ae Fan Pin Minimum Basia ‘Maximus Demond te. sprke “enmat oi "porn Se x ees a 3a e600 nee a 2 ao000 = Formulate the sear programming model to matimice polis, SPAS. tn op SSeS Sanceees o Rata tina ware at vans i 1 nes min cnn etn fa oer eros Sr Reeataicicee ‘ge antes Bere paso: : 7 + Ghote 2 Les Pomme Crap Mathed 53 Wie pring ta hounds pg oe fete mae : ° eee zi awe ‘ine aura ji a % 2. 8 ska he (9 Ferma the LP node or mining te ot. Soret Formulate tbe? mode for mening te ria ‘nie the ‘ dpe see ‘conta one sng ae Sbemed . soy vice 04) that' Chale 5 get Medel 333 somes tit mhidane — Sans employees of » yay art ty be assiy aud to ss joow winich cam be done cpeciine te 2» Sayed thee Deca ol Sbret nanbe lyn dn bo nde woos ca {Zero wages per, Tan te Se Spe ome Awe Sa, ™ S5a Bs £0 per hou or Dad E The amount of tine taken by each euployee ral Sesto geen thr bis etree nosgtonaet wins ae ‘ttl ot ng te Se “ | = a c D zg “ | oon . a“ |BA ante Teg fr Rn Mai 10, There aie four masisfctaring sections nd sin the industry a Four oft Sve caprior eo be promod roman: The ens, o ‘Bacio the apace ia pen bow, r = z Wah tas sapere shoal be promod. ae eapervons of vit, rat ‘Ritcacrng eons wana masnan the tine oe ay ‘eo: 14 Your track aot yon fur ot, The com of pc tack on 8c oe in * ‘howands of rapes given in the table, How Wout you aasgn Ye tank {he ruts oo thet cote mlninied? aes‘renaTion neséancit 7 ‘ee lifecaes represents te wi prof ot Te nt alclng to the highest prot el. Thos, whe faibg loons, at fist we select cll 3) with gst entry in row ? ich cotesponte tthe pest dference 945], bea a soy a[ 9] 90 rag,| sour 4 ant " fa pf s0.| 7 | aso] as | 100 este ronment | 0] o | o fo | 5 maa 16 “Reto sce sl tv smb wc 1,2) ting msi rs a of seat cl) wt th ee ef alos ees Thee lee ela penton | fallin Teeopcaiy Se peeme le 3 afoe] ef, )rm] 2 ! Bs [aw fio] es | 10 ‘bes ws » 4” 0. 0 99 [50 [00 [0 | na 190 20] a0 | no 0 elo ° o|w|» Mix of w+ for allosedexle Matin a + for vacant ellso| | all evan max Sine el vaes ae eter negative of 2 (naximizatin problem), tbe Intl base fe clusion is optimal. The demand tft desinaon ie unatisied by 5 it. The petit Zhan = Ra 90 x 70 + 90x 100 +110 x 30+ 130 x 100-+ 0% 5}= Re 31,600, 34.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM $1.8.1 Introduction | _Alsigament problem i pial ype of ier poping problem which dels id dea “the ations resources to te vat stvies oh veto one basis Tk Jes Hn sel = Way tha ‘ast or time involved in the process minim and prof rales maximam. Thoogh there pe ‘an be saved iy sipee metodo by taeponaon meted but asigmment model gives nfl ‘pprosch fr exe pblens. In factory, a evpervi may hive sx wots sll ad sn joe © fi. He wil ve wo ecson regarding wich Jeb shuld be gen to which wore. Probl forms coe to one Pai is an stsigment problem 91.8.2 Assignment Model spore there are facilites and » jot, Is ear tin dhs cas, tee wil be nas ach faiy or ay worker can perfor each job, ope ane. Bot there shoul be cern proc by which assigumet shold be made that te pot is maze or the ecto Hie ein ‘abe? ee ame enamels aamle geet ac i [ee |e fe oe 2 o fof af ot o : Sf a] os] oe o - oy fo fw foo foo. a fe foe In te tuble, Co, i defined the.cost when jobs assgned to th works. maybe ied tate rt meal ca tarp pts Sag ane af se nal oso comes Mahe Ferme, Any tk fee ston fs Aig en xin On saree of which he (1) vubls area, nt mb of oe rao fie, Do {or igh epee fe she the prem by wl Weprution md, Fil bes compl iaenknddnae g iF Hb an ‘Se howe na den ptanbaten‘orsion neseancn ms tine coemng wrk. Th spay cai iy rad Bef ng So td Serine tamale atc "Spot ae ch Steed ithe job inne ej* mci ofaty or tei job ontamiee t* maine fy Now ah lem ams oe 0b or one i 0 be sg 0 oe ai rahi. nen baat da nt "ett ment ct wt Be en by vedas “The stove definition cam be developed {to mathemsical model a follows: Determine 5 206, F=1,2,3,9) ia ode 10 Minimise U = $ Sey ep Subjected 10 constins BE ed when f= 2,3, sod yb cites m0 oe, Meta jsolve Problem (unger tlgw). Conder the oben unin of ninaton pe Folding sop ae ood sings igen ec 1, Leth alle cor lent in each ow ofthe gven cet abl tating with he fm, ‘Now hi opallestslemea setae erm each clement of tatow 50 zB ele a on auf neath ow ofthe now tale fiom each elemento thst colina. Having perfoned the te 1 and tp 2, we wl be geng least one wezo fn each clam in the redoeed cont table. 3. Now the asigneats re made forthe reduced bein following manner, (@ Rows ase examined sccesivelyy uni the row with exactly sigle (one) 269 foun. ‘Assignment is made to this single zero by pling sydare_] around it and inthe ‘comespondingcalumn, al cther zero re rested out) Becae ther wil tt be used 10 ‘make any ober ssgnment In thi column, Step is conducted for ach row. (i Step 3 (in so pecfored on te colts a follow: Columns reexamined sccesively tll column witexaetly one zero i found. Now assignment shade otis single 27 tng te quae around anda the same ine, al ther 2% ice coresponing rom ie crossed out (2) sep i eondoted fr each lam,‘MOUETRAL ENGINEERING AND CROANIZATION Maw, 7B__ousrryat encngenvo AN? OPGANZATION Mawhcten, (8) Sep 3.30 lp ae epeat il llth zero ae citer arkede rose ot. Now tbe amber of marked zee fe taasante mide a gua 0 mizbet of Fovs ofc ‘plu sbleion bas Ben ahieyed. These wil be exacly Sage ssa tk mn without ay espnmert nthe cae, we wil go step 4 4 puthicsage, daw he minimum nambe fine (hoxizoata nd vertical) nceser to cover a 2ero inthe mat obtained instep 3 Following procedure is ndope: (Tick mark (Val rom toot ave any esignment. (i Now tick ark) ll hese colons that have 2 inthe tick marked rows. Cy Yow ek mk Wh row ht ey mae ht ae ent in (vy AMT eps ie. 41), 42,40) ae sepeted ntl no mofe rows or clans sn bem 16) Now daw sigh line which pases hoag lhe naked rows aod marked el ean ae be mete hatin an 2% as away es tha “tne Wil over eto if ete in no olen anaes them. 5. In sep 4, ifthe number of ines drown ae equal fo or the number Of rows, en Bi : ‘optima slain f ot, the go 10 ep & {6 Selecbe salest lemest wong lhe nncovered elemeots Now hit elemen i from all he wtcovered element apd Sed othe element Caen hetero lines, This i the mis fr feh eigen 7. Rapes the geocedre from sep 3) snl the somber of stignments becomes equal 1 uber of sor mero thant. lle ai . PLL LL i Coarse a 4 is 8 Solution. Stop 1 Row Retoeton. Slot th mivimam element 1 elements of tat ow “The tate wil ke the following form Tbe 1 ‘ote t Ter q & % ° ° 7 £ n 6 » z 2 3 5OPERATION RESEARCH m ‘Step 2 Column Reduction Table 2. From te above ble, elec the minima elemeat om ach colama and mbit it fom other cleats of tat clan. e ‘ible 2 7 ‘raches [ 4 q & q u ® i 4 5 Step 3:Making Assent (Table 3). Stat making the ssgnmens from te fra ow Ya fst so sl bo T,Cy and ee the 220 appearing in he caespodingoluma Le. T,C, ie essed Ox. In he second row, aspnent Is made sf CT, he hn om, tee we two zoe Sono lgnDet ‘ae ste in th fourth fon ol ea eo here bt at his been cose out esi So DO slgnmest is made bere "Now sar frm he clams in the Fist clu, see i mo fe zero" in he Sect clam hee ‘eno fice “ser Ba athe theca singe fee “erie ere. Assignment tis "2" and at he ‘mete cos ou the 20 appearing in the couespondig row. Le. CT, Now all he ssgnments ae ime as thown in heb below. aos : tar [@ [a] 3 6 : |B Pe t2 le i a] om : i i Be LA a Pe 4 2 Lara e albe | $0: tn mer fee Ta, ts ah 4 otro ow We wil osm sie ines ce te nee ‘Step &. Adopt procera gen tin Hungarian metho, for drawing the miimam mabe of nes: We get he i of he Gtlowing frm (Table #) het - “Teachers Ge G o-] | 7 it shy EL = Ef woes pee ener ft en ein sober for Tn oe hf wep 6 of Be again Mato ‘Ou ofthe uncovered items cr clement, st the mlaimam amber Le. 2.0 Cy subtract i om ‘the uncovered elements and sd to the cements she interne of tp nes, Weil et the hie of following fom Table 5.8 INOUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND ORGANIZATION WANAGE ee eS p16 Lo [pel Haze, tbe sumter of sigan se egal wl, So we ve acieyed epi slsony seladon to the pote i % aa 7 L oe mic cone vie 28 imate. Conse e protien of caging ve Grace We gheats The co re i he cont maa lows Prot = a ar er | 5 of of os fos jus eager | a SA afi tats t & a fafoa foo fs ‘ 5 of sf se f>o [s ? Solve he Spament fbi sl Tio Sein man cost ~ —Sotuton, Sep 1, Row Reducon Slt the sales deat om ech oi abate lejos of tat rw (Tab) Pree eee* operation neces m9 Tiled % 7 3 . s ° 5 ° > 5 5 4 5 1 ‘ 7 ° 4 g & 3 1 ® 3 5 ‘ ° 3 4 a Step 2 Column Redction,Satact te ema clement of ea column fom al te eles of nos Step 3. Making Assigauents (Table 3) Stat ming. starting fonn 0 gomber Ifa tow oe, here are wo zeta. Thus bo asinine cane ede. Im 2, assignment Is mage a, Py Inrow the, sighmest Is made at EP, ah athe same Une 2p appearing in the comerpondiog ‘ctu ke. EPs woe ot in row fost, Signer ae af Egy aod atthe same in, 200 pcaig ia crtspocing cle ic >, i aed out. ow fh hres to nro aA as no ‘lgnment can be made Coming to cola, i cul one, Were is 0 fee sr. I column 2, asignmet is made mF? td 200 appearing Inthe cepending Fw js ersed oat Le. Py Tetateiie Lol glel eda Sina, signet de at Py Namber of signee ae el th nar of ms or suber of olmns, Thos, he opis ‘elon tat been achieved, The epi isigamenthedale as Toll. age |e fob Fee! Pye oy lg li : ‘94 the miaimom cost is 8. —— 7[A ompaie een tas gS pape "The cents wed ve propa gh 6 develope. The Mad ft Comp eae cotatd ler required he rere cape programmes «fll 4 “We 1 Programs. a z € 2 ia 7 r 1 3 > © we ‘ agen 2 B » 6 2 2 ‘Step 4 To daw hema mabe fle. ‘hoes apa ila ale Ca mc alemle ce 4 eefe | Bb ged fo beg >{o|xp?] «fx eee ee tees Sofebapsede sp a peed ‘Step 5. Now see he galls elanet oat ofthe oeovered elements in Table 3. And subst ‘his element fom all the uncovered element Alo, ad ts Cement to the element yin atthe Ineceetea of the two nee We wil get the fllowng atx (TbeTabled ; o fy fos fa ° Step 6Making Fresh Assignments. Now, king the above te mati, assignments ae made by ibe orl procaine Tile 5) 1 2 a 2 2 6 “ a 3 a 1 2 4 7 * 2 5 4 x a Apne mmber of assignments mae ae fou ie. es ae 16 daw the misimen momter of ines mains [ A 2 c D E 1 3 oa 3 0 2 |W YL Pee ag eR ie 5 2 7 » | i Now, the sedoed max canbe Modified forbs, by slag the salle clement out of the red elements (ean subeneting it om all the encovered elements Als, si aed 10 the ts lying othe interection oo Hes, Following tale ebaned {Table 7 “able 7 z 2 & > = aa “ a ‘ é ‘ 5 eee ay 3 2 472 [MOUSTRIAL ENGIVEERING ANO ORGANZATION UANAGEME Step 7. Making the fresh assignments We wl bin the following tbl by making asignnen in abe 7 Table 8 1 1 @ 5 * 2 6 | al 5 3 o 3 2 «x | x ‘ 5 x | ox 3 xx ee 2 2 7 a ol ‘Sul aly 4 slguaeats cane male. Ai allowing the procedure of xing minum of ‘e wil got sep & Step 8. New table f conse for draving fine deh al he 20 "hole 9 a oe eo th n | lf ‘ 4 5 3 & ¢ : > | é Now make Oe wel niin ia ie Tie 9 by whiting Se smal encores z tom ale one cles sad sadng she clement Wing a te eesion of > lel ¢ ‘We wil obtain the Table of following form (ate 1 tel “le 10 ¢ € ¢ < ‘ Assia felling bledbewunon neseAacn 74 ‘Now, the akgnments are equal to aa of rows Ths, we lave achied the opium shed, © ‘ipo Program Te (in mies, a 5 é 2p me o a a a * ~ a % a, | ® is Ea 4 S @ a M » Deernine so sein Satuilon. Step T- Conversion t9 Mininizalon Problem. Sélect he Inrgest element f se matic ie: 62, Now, subrct the elements from tie element. Falling ble ora vane, ‘Table 1 v = 5 2 Py 2 2 2 = os a Se 3 = » = 2 2 4 2 By 2 % 6 5 a ° a * a Step 2. Row Redoeton Cable 2) oT | ® a 1» 4 4 ® 5 » bos. myer. excneshINa AND ORCAMZATION NAKoEMeNt Sip 3. Caan Redicn (BNE 3) oes ; z 7 @ > y* 7 7 2 ° a [ie 2 ° wf oa los ‘ > ° 2 7 ‘ 5 5 2 a a | ou] oe Step 4 MakiegAsieent C64) ‘ble Hi 1» 3 xf. | @ > | |-u 2 5 4 > | x * “ 5 ‘ s 2 4 5 » | o 2 ‘Steps. umber of rows Thr ming ns fro w bern Table 5 rate Lea a CoE ee Pathe PapeStep 6 Making Fresh Assignmeni. Nox, agin making SrangDemt In Tle, 6, we wil Uosia bie? Tae 7 7 w » | mf * > | x | on > 1 | > 1m |e 3 2 1 a fo» 2 x\o@ | 4 s | » | wo] =] » js Now, te momter of aslgnments ae eq o numb of rows. Ts, optim sain Is achieved, (ptm Sebel ic x of msignmentprclen it not» equre ‘umber elmns, There re sled unbalanced cen ps Oso cat st Eah Ft ee re Pt = Ce es 6 ase Lares a 5 tion Woof demand, 4 rac of elf comer K Wl be reduced Hy aphid i pst fs i ‘Pownatd Doe 19) renee} phety’ Ma Ze + 15, ai os =< seo NS| mae 786 NOUSTRIAL ENGHEERNG AND ORGANZATION ANAGE ot Lhe (40k UONOLD MS? Dee, 5. Dia tee f snl iid in ne gop ale sing Wi ee Me Zam Sate mega 2. Rapin opts sponiotcn bd af ang + tpt pte, How per A. REL» 4. She own pion ble yo VAM i BES rie. 1 mo Seppe uo ¢ Placske eget zi Ce 9: cada i Pe ton flog emp pen yt * ‘Sect ele tiny VANE ” — a & 7m 3 7 ve 2 x ; : & m b 5 : ? 32. af ep pes Ten Gh Coa i {0c sor pron pen 1 Wh te ng nnn pn Worse oie? ALD 1 Diss Inet pegrnang a cnn freuen? ee 12 Liar Prarie somes fied fe mere fee slow, Hew ach ifn ‘Ont {ella desion mon? ein 15.) et in let “Diy” eae poping. (4 Now 85 OWA De. (@) Wy al bow the Salle be a nmin dc mig? 16, What nay? Wh espe of les pes sen? 11. Wiis ger espn foe pnw an xe ep yc nmin et | pe ttc ed fer sang 2 acpersten tin od ig opsE 19. Wat meaty eegeey a ese? Hw degeneracy ed sch 20. How sexi eas done a tampon pte? sate yor aver wh on a 21. Wt al Fae Slaton nepal Eapin wie ep fm xl te Neh {erm mod sn eet et ey mad for eae mal te tote 12. Wim Arpt Plone ny ott pee ae of oe ‘ssi oi. Sean pet Da an dGAGH aaanan4 4 PD) oc enecven comme ws 19 Chaplor Work Measurement (Time Study) “Werk Meosurement techniguet are wed fo doe job bya qualified operatr under standard eontions of mearerament e. working at 1 wandard pace and using the standard methed (in minutes or howth. The time thus determined i called as standard ime. The procedure of determining the ttandard time iy nen es Time Study alo colled Work Mearurewent.” 18 toduction 187 Various Tima Estas end Production 182 oatation Standard 193 Obecves of Wock Miosrment 88 bot of Porlormarce 184 esis Procadure fr Tme Strty 189 Aowancos 188 Oterence between Tine Sty ond 19.10 arcus Time Recording Teculques lo Moon Study Time Stuy 186 Advantages and Lintatins of 1811 Length of Time Sy “Tm Study 18.18 Number of Cycles 1 be Tined A94 INTRODUCTION ‘Anenp to measure work a! eich work danas have always rested in etn, prone crtsim and generally bare been he topic of coseableconroversy aneg the marageient and wok Toes ges eling othe workers ht sandads may res in mr efeive cool nd hey may be required 10 do barock for Js mages. Management fs the se of stands may lead workers to work hud wish may esl i bighr wage bills, Apoaton of techniques dsp tp estalik etme fr quali epetodvarkr to ary eet spss jot defined level of yrursnce ile the work measurement In ober werd, tine stdy isthe systematic sly of wa ter ith he purpose of (@ Developing she desired ye and method way the one wih lowes ent i) Sucdarising the sem 2 method, (i) Determining the time rege by a qualified and property trened weer marking at 3 naz aoe to do a specie option ' 420OAM ASUREMEN I Ty ae 39.2 DEFINITION ‘ik mesemet maybe fd "heat of ching and ning Seiad eth ~ | ee cnet of a ini eyprtion The isi eink ew ma nf machitng ees, he — ( Mental time includes ime then by the operat for thinking over some demafive operations, (Manel ine oof psf penis i led with sig mail, hing fos at ening oe ent (ay Matting i ics ea by i ais in petoming mie pets. Ths in ny sn einen by mee we 0 pom ew ents dy) 48.3 OBJECTIVES OF Wont MEA — ‘The main objectives of work measurement are the followings: © sired to (1) Tage time foreach job canbe scientifically esimated With this estimate wis scbesales, ‘Hing ot and manpower requiremets can be prepared. . oe 12) Sound comparion of seme methods i psible by comparing i bc ines. (8) Ul wage ine sees cab oat en he asf re in, (inca dwpoperg wk tin (6) Wm ip ane Be esx poi with even wei cee tomes ee eins at man can emt 7 (6). To standardise the effet mathod of performing operations (0) To standardise conditions for efficient performance, | (8) To determine man and machies ratio for effective and efficient utilisation of beth : ce pie is i pti ping at gies 35.4 Basie PROCEDURE FoR TE STUDY | he atoning ep well aig ot ei su of any pres nw terine | Sande toe { 1. Select the job for study and define the objective of the study, This needs staswent of the use of fei, pectin raped wd eed ea mace a te ei ends. vom 2 Ane spain ee fhe sod tind nd cio et a he mre Cer pet led Tee aig oo shed emp aig = Sa tty mt foes 3, Sct operat wf a eta a Pi sk 4. Red enon ste dar etd oe, pert pst aig, gaity mje fred ao ong, Dee pron a ae sal ees Cott an record te date mid nr oes by way of timing an ig te pera. ar each clement of optional the reeset watch time and cea the nom time | 18 flows i ‘onal Time = Obvaved time x Rating Fates 1 Cake sara tne fx fe wil job by ang nrmal time of vais omen s 6 Time the opera for ech ofthe cements. tia the ttl munbe of eben ob taken 1 8‘RUSH ENONEERNG AND ORGANZATONwAceueNT IS seonize sada tine by 805 ances 10 normal tine of operation. Sone aloances 2h as personal allowance (BM), faigue allowance (5) preparation allowance (9%) are -nerally wed or these canbe tla fom the company’s policy book or by caning an ‘dependent std, hus stand time = Noma ine + Aowances. ‘19.5 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TIME STUDY AND MOTION STUDY in i re i ol i a wc id hr 7s ere eg genet ey shel a ee 19.6 ADVANTAQES AND LIMTATONS OF TIME sTonY 196.1 Advantages The arts line sy ee pis wich ie ssa pte ey ‘oe (0) fe pod dO) re perma wo oe pone oyun at we (2) pln fe dicot eid (inane in nti — () Ein of poco ot ino ii ing pie 6) Finger : |g (ting me ty ei oe | ©) Bag wa fy cig yop, (6 sing ey de (Esme ins ied pe inca ti © Exim tee aa (0) Det sent ys te mt cal nyse |) Te ant ep ene tree ln ae y's els sper wate = 2) The development of indivihul or group incentive schemes for above average perfomance. 19.6.2 Limitations The ings nin fey nig ig os nd (1 St teil cig ne wih wl ©) Insts me a leit eet) eo! a tis 2 aces deyes (qth cepede onan. st he ics yt ppp ei | ter nape pn fie ay te ty oe ap | 3. snyapeea resteSo cn ape yma mote tiker poe def (9 Gar pct pe he eile suri ening i br | == ‘ EverAGEMEN allowances, (58) are cdvting an wi ie ands Tor te aj ‘ined Wor wegsnewenr- cme: sruny 2° 63 19.7 VARIOUS TIME ESTIMATES AND PRODUCTION STANDARD Every orgtzaon have some sands base on their fa pmances and kcwllpe of work in ‘ter ort Ths inoemation can be ald 1 decide ant pcs varios sama fra podcton oes, 19.7.1 Observed of Actual Tse Ie the acta ime taken in comping he joo died ask, If an operator work wit 105 eficency ten eevee wil Ye ego sandr ie, ‘Observed ine ean be wee () Mesh sdy a) Pla ayo e i) Reals xing of aning 2 using ines of operations. 972 Nosmal Time 1s he prodhsve tie reuiced mpfr job viliring popes work metal ad wake loot and ptming st nota ga, Mev are i asta with 2st of tasks andi deemed by the acta meenet and yace fuses. This canbe cxmpu by the following tn: 1 Tine « Mt Obert Al Time» Performance Bing = io Tige Woke x esorance Rating Wonker of Ura roel Nome fra jo or wit: 19.23 Standard Time ye Defi aa of ri ied yan get eg il, a ge mount of efor ad is working, under exiting working conden wing she specified meld and smachings atx sad pce. ‘i191 sms the commersion of oud tie o stand sme An = PRE = Pome Rating Pt KC = Net Tine “ PA = Real llgmess FA. © Fate Alowanes DA ma Fig 19.1: Cocwersion theta Time to Stand TimeGust GNEERING AND onORWAATION woNAOENEN 188 _LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE Tete rae of cup heed Wy @ qualified opaceon an average forthe Gy, due w alowanes provi forte eet. 1981 Performance Ratig Petrocell or a ie etd a ta! form cal ak ale mans ig ad coin he eae oe ae fs weer ot sandr perma | by ene siya The aa sens te perma, compu it wih ober pes and us og po eel as pen of he an pate ‘esa sock memset simi he tines coins indy absense soul ine caken to perm a patiolar ask andres the performance Peformance ring can be Sed a cme Ring = AE PEF gy 7 J® neo Pfomante roe contest of vom peognnc, us he ch dh te ine stars tin ic mst ew in tein cacy ol ay wr Se vt Bo on wring soa 7 gh hac ewer cola en sine nats bo esa ‘lvoe be lel. Sety, ov pte ns adel hh ong ee sees kad wo excess ih dor co ape fea eas of be wrk 19.2 Ratig Factor Thee sy andy ii al a etme wit far ale Rag Fes” "Ltn Facer ot eral ie wich wad ome eT ened pegs the cia} of en tient wich Sow hare pea ‘Reng one eo get 1983 sytem of Rating “nen nig wos () syst Rang ©) Westin Sy of aig 6 Syne Rang (6 open Raine 15 Pyle rate of Pen: aig 19831 Speed Batng “Wi ing pce coi oni eed aperso's mre i etn a sa eda ge pid lal ees fe ob nae . seg Wat's Spo Nom Tine = Ose Tie a , 19832 Westinghouse Sytem of Ratiog A fos ators syste prance Rating was develped at Westinghoose by CE Beas. These foe foo a: @ sil (© Bioa be 80 St ‘ef ‘car gee sging sod "he tie dasa veal ally four (i) Conitions (6) Conse ‘Temes values foreach of hese factor arava nau form. The operator was waked ile woking abd given 2 vl from these ables. The cbrved sine isthe leveled by applying he aes ow ing facts abe $9. ges the aa ofthese facts. Tale 1.1: Performan Rang Te al Peso Pena EGGERT Tee eevee Tora cent of eb was Tics. The ang were ws BE below: ‘Si ete By fot Besve Ay Contion Good C Cumiserey Goat C Desrmine te moral time fo element under obra, Solution orm Table 19.1 the sumer values ote ave aings re ‘Skit on ete on Cotta on Consistency +001 . Teal = 026 ie. fn oxo ig Teena ime = Obed ne ain 21% 236 in) (iene the Hal tng ae comes ve he mea ie wil be Hess than the observed tine)NOUSTEIAL SHGMEEING MNO ORGANZATION MANAGEMENT 19.8.3.3 Syubetle Rating : ‘his syn fring was propose by Manon. Tai sem te pace rae ofan opera i yale vith Ge help of predtemined raion cine stands PMLTS). Ths the time stay ober mts down te acl time of geforce forte lene a oe in the previous method, Pefrmance sms fc ny such elements ae santa ad rel. ate Kaan as “Pekteined Motion ‘Time Vas fom his Table the pretend perfomance tne forte elements a ako noted down, ‘Thera the hte othe Former (rage acl ie ges ie rating facto. Thela, sola, a ‘bse R= Perfomance rating ctr = Prokermined motion ine stand fo e demet expressed in mts, erage actual tine (bsved time) fr de sae element, in minute "Te average seal ts Tor eas Wah we wea od bul GR ‘Te pedgzmied mation tines fr wo element ie. | nd 3 a also given. Calculate he performance ing fc Dente 12k horde A: OSE 0a) OOO’ OOS OW So ht 3 ti eed iy i Inte pe em Oo am sae Fad be sy at ee i: a ce AF 95 = 2% eo ee ow = 18 Dottie Nd dt YO Iveta Frio? 10h tak 19834 Othe Rte i ym news ep ME Me its eg of ike i li ny ng wen en Tent tt res mt neh og hs ihe Ae sy se td po Sit aye ay i a wo one ey 0 Ana foc (i Bowes (9 Exh ono 0) er of co Web served Time for ww Cement of ib SET wines. The gaCe ring SEES ies e Fo r } 1ver ots formance 4 Maton down, tical, slag a 5a the This tae at sont | ‘Aout of Boy Used age Adios Frito s Biamanhes 2 1 {ye hind retin 5 | Handing eines 3 Weieht 5 Toal adam rb iicoly | 20% Solon Wom Tene = Chere it Pst ing Sei afte 9 20 ra 58 ites [A] Ve a sy tet nas ak te maid y 12 sinc due 1b complies 4 wok rs tcp ad po icy Bac fit ect ok as cps. On Sct ie en ewe i tine Un hed 1983.5. PrylgealErbalon of Peformance Rag Many studies have shown Dat thre i a wlaonhip between physical work andthe aout aygen -sonaumed by a water ie. a reliable indicator of his perfolmance. Later i was found that te change i. eat Bet tei ale messie of sul avy, Moen i eigen stn ‘consunpion of ee fone The i ing wr cafed ei la s na cir and rel. Side y side brat ate is measured and compe With err record te le Iarmex Sabian Thi conoaron ft fr ere jos dfn opr wail pe tine soy obser fin ct perfomance rng. 19.9 ALLOWANCES ‘Sd time of 2 job ane by ang varios allowances th orm time of the jh Tse allowances ae cased provided to compensate the woeeoperr fr the prodoton eran tht may cer is psona tina eds othe fae een is cet), For exam the delay may cca det opeatr’s pesca nals (ach a inking WH aking, ong tet ct) unswiae eye he vating fox wo, eal © epigaenk maizace of matne snd rod inspcice of mala) The fname pros fala i 1 a eomgh tine tte noma ine of pon inode to erable average wrk o met the std whi fring staal pace, Allowances fc ch ierptins to proton may be chsifed alls: {0} Fenond Mlowce @) Fatigue Alvance (6) Pde Dey Alowance 19.9.4 Personal Alowance “Wis tine i allwed for sia needs of he wore. wore dos ot wok continuo Be rocking and rake peal allowance is ovidw hin in ok oss his personal eat ike diking wae, ing te, visting tet and tp desing wom es). The gene! wating contios an be ame of wa sal nce he ine eed x esol stowance. Ths asing468 INOUSTHON, BICANEERING QND ORGAMZATION MANAGEWENT onions lving ay et petarmed a high teperaties and in funid atmosphere like bt Feng shop oad arin ibe pressroom of abe moulin dept ei we bon © st peor meals in compan with Hight work pfomad in canfrale wating eenions. ‘Stes ave revel tata personal allowance of Tve fect gx il i ecessary under aoa conto. Hewever fr tas perfoed unde adver emviznmzats, opus maybe given 5O pent allovance ie. 240 nee per sit of 8 hous 19.9.2 Folios Nowe Fri ay be df spl adr ml eds, nage, eign aon ed fry ating ily ops sab Tha who en far of poviing Eag lower sep tata worker gall Benes mesa pyc ed 3 rea f etoming hi ‘sige wok Aig tm fue ea sendy dee in wr ity 9 Wor a normal ic. Tha is alowine must be provid to compete fe deine i he performance iy oe Figs Te fallow Fcors ale fie: (0) Working Canin: Teper, Ligh ii woking a 0) Naar of Wars Casati ie i pela sk erty fie ay oven. tin ‘wile wn : “Muscular tiredness dug to stress ons” ~ austes, ‘ (el Health of the Worker Physi tsa, Hoe cons, El sili, Res nd ed zee facts wich lt py nd wea hah of wr ti viet foe aoe Sica ta! Ein cn be eed bt eat be linia. 199.3 Delay ‘Allowances ir Fees, oan and Noise in te - Daigmay ve aril o nivale ICs me castomay tw allow any sllowance frail tela wich may include vss of oer ‘ws. feces, yea for work siopges and ils te han ston acount of age These Gels may be taken by opertr a he oat of hs ou. Unvedale delays maybe {te esl of interapns frm dine soy observes tril egies, tsps from sper and inet insane ays where wale aachine signet re made rcs allowances povided to compensa he woes fr tbe eno ieness de wo Tao the pyces. This ind Tass oft du Yo () m0 wok (i) power fae (i) fauy materi. (i) Fay tls o¢ mosis, 19,94 Special Allowance ‘Tse may he tempor or permanent andar gen fr atites whith a gary the pat of work ‘ck tte corse seta coiling ie wa isi Spi allranes sy be provided a 1 Peis ci stares which are for exaple sting vp 2 pli, msinensce of Ie cise) cari ot psi. (@ eda swan 1c we operat is ki af woe tare maces and ee ‘moe op working wil e is busy wih ume machine, The eal of machine sioppages ache ikrfsence cates los of prodcion Thus for pane of bs fas, de work sues because of low out pu, So interact aluace iso be poi ‘19.40 VARIOUS TIME RECORDING TECHNIQUES IN TIME STUDY “Ti cy can be prtmed by Ue flowing exbaues accting © We esay reid! ‘a Slop Wach Mead Fig. tt o » C- ae INDUSTRI muscles. : (c} Health of the Worker: Physical srucu.<. Home conctitions, Esittional stability, Rest 208 det aze te facts which all pea a meal ah of wok, I eden fo aoe iscnson et Giga on wee nt be lint 19.9.3 Delay Allowances ‘ Deljs may be avoidable o mvc ’ ‘his ot catomary 0 allow ay alowace ke wile days whch ny inca vist of oer res fr speci) reas, all foe wok opps aleve he han on aco Inia, Thee delays maybe en by opera cos of his up Unsible dls muy be the elt of interposed chee mata reports, iterptions fom pies. and inet or ineerene delays where maliple machine assigomens 2 ate Pree allowances ary proved compensate workers for the enficed illness doe mae tte proces. Tis includes fos of time dae wf) a0 wen (il) power ace (i) Tay mai. (D9 Faly to's or machines. ‘19.9.4 Special Allowance ‘ety fe oop pened je eas wich ae ply ptf we cycle but are comsidered essential for completing the work satisfactorily. Special} allowances way 've prvi as: 0 Rea ativy sows wha ir can ig a me sts ee (che) cal poy. (o ineccce swat 3 fn ekg art ies pwn hie ebay ih eae. The sl of act segs cing interference causes bi af pode. Ths fo none of his Ia, the worker sles estas of Jow out pu. So intferece alloc it to be provided. Tine stuly can be psforned Wyte allowing wages soaing 1 We axaracy Fue: (©) Sop Watch Met 6 rtd 19.0. Anat Fig 16 O@ o ©sn and allowance ving is fone isin the "and det om above sof other cout of ss may be pecs tue of ee 1 wok, ‘ida of late one o¢ paso sles ‘WOR MEASUREMENT CME STUDY) (© Tine Resin Machin. {@) Motion re Cara 23:101iShop ake Method) ‘A mechanical sop wih various speiicatens a sown in follonng Fes may be wed or the easement of ese tine, The time ty quiet ices the flowing (0 Tie sy wach or say’ other time recoding device (i) Tine sy bod Brit deen o each of these items is given below, 19.50.5.1 Time Stady Watch ‘An orn sopra can serve tbe pups ol Spe Sie sy work. But for te ske ofthe fo prof we of soprach an technological advances inte development of watch indus, eo he Fewing sopra forte purpose of tine say may be ws Fig. 18.2: Plan besnalitinute Stopwateh Fig. 19.3: Decimal Hour Stop Watch (2) Pain Dei Minute stopwatch: Fig 122 shows this eof wach. "The tre ato this ‘wach mab’ on revolution in on mio. The da ssid ino 100 visions and each vison ors O01 mioute. The sail hand completes one ation in 30 mines, with the al aiogs sowing one mine inter ‘The war is stared by moving slide (A) wards the sem al sped by moving the shige vay fom te am Pssue on cron (B) res the hd oe. The use of ths ype of watch foc in sy purpose is uch moe thn at of be te. (©) Decal Hage stopwatch: This type of opwatch i sown in Fig 193. The fage iakis ‘lose ino 100 divisions esch representing O00] Nour Te lean makes one reveaon in 36 seals O01 hour, The small and oles cce fr each 30 evolutions of lage hd, ‘0 tat exh 30 small visions sow 01 ba ‘The open of hs watch is sila ott of he plan decimal mite stops (6) SplitHand slopes wate is shown in Fig. 194. The ge dal visions fr the age two bands a 0.01 mim, with on revohton sowing one mine. Socestivepeses om crown (Bil start he both hands, sop them and tet the tr, Pesing pi. hs one470 INOUTAUL ENOWEEFING_AND_ORGANZATION WANAOEMENT of ie large hand a whatever pir posto aunt, bu allows the oer Hand 10 cote is progres. Ths te observer can thea eid the ime shown by the topped hand wilthe xt element seg ined. Th second presi cn pin (A) causes he spp had to instady cach up the ving aad and conte wth it The tining process in his mane to de cod of he sy | ig n4:spt tan Océ topnaten Fl 19.5: Deis ns Wik Watch 7 cane ode ‘ E an | oot 2 a | os 3a | os9 4 | oo. su} oe 0 @ ) w ” 0 wn ? Tw wit areed Food non @” Bou » 19 “es personal 0 xe) WOME MEASURENENT (TIME STUDY) a7 (@) Bliss 3 and are machine paced. ' i) Any esing having varsion of mae thn 25% from snes ofall eins may be teed bona, ad discarded i) Te pesorance rating is 20%. (@) The vais allowances for 8 hei a: Personal ine: 30 nates navi delay = 18 mie, Fag = 9% (0) The opt is pid @ of RS 800 per boar (0) Mal cos se Rs. 076 peri. (oi) Overhead ests ae caleulted at 15% ofthe sum of mal and net Ibour css, Dutemize he rate of produto of opera and the rut cost ye piss Solution. ow lament 1.27 = 082 Sabin eating of th cycle (022 min) is oral and discaig tis reading. ET = 0 ia and 15 in ia in don 2a Bt 3 Ag 0 sr ey w= asi ‘Sine this ment is machine paced so penance rang = 10% Normal ine for element 3 t= 025 mia Hlement 4 Nor tre dinin 1022 00 mia Neglecting te Se cyle reading ie 50 min 2 aboensl we have Z tad ease t= tconin ‘Ths som ine fr elemest 4 =x pan ale on 080.2 205 205 pd 1 pu fm | ae | a | a | 2 Jaw | cin] eo) ov | so shar | ah} am | 2 | a «fae || ae | ow | om 18) Bhameots 2 ia chine clement (2) Consider the obsvain stor and the a of thar element (0) The a performance rating a 120. (4) Take a personal sllowance 30 mines aa shit of & ours Fig allowance = 15% Contingency alloaice = 25 Eimste De tna tine of operation snd potuton per 8 bows shi Solution. On ebsrativa for ole) Te yl tie is 5.7 which is more then 256 fe ge tpe for ha element if they are wore than 25% of average tine Chl ie 5. i deed 7 Blnent no ok [Average ine i a [er 7 re rT) a | 2 a | oi | 60. | 60 |} *s9 sae 3 xa | an | om | 22 | 22 2M 4 mi | ai fis | me | on Tal obra Gc ine B05 ened ine, Noma ine the ke = SAREE Rating 1.005 x 1.2 = 15.606 mines ‘ “Toa! allowance = Fate allowance + Centigency allowance ‘Standard time = 15416 x (1+ 015 + 0.02) = {829 anaes Production Rate Pr Sti “Tal ne ger si of § hous = 8 0 = 48D mines Less pena slowance: =30 names Effective profscontine = 450 inges ‘Tine lb fo prodyton ‘Sand ine 1D ast 7 ERs 50s Production in 8 bors sit = ae Lo 2 ao 4s sD aw ay é ae wy we Lig Bt mt Ms is 6! n,4 Thera vy ela ade a Tie a a 2 Sepecleghapintiriep 005 Teena 12 mw & Srachonematie a et 4 Unodomentaceentowae Ga & Swot mt F Ratio ue 4 4 Setsmcae wot 5 Koeppen te ‘a Becton tim ae 1 Choe dna oe ‘eto 1500 ‘iain eclectic Azo erie eGR loaner Fi ‘te Fino] Ober iatng Rarer] Na i wae sri] fan famaegde| ance Pete ‘se a ¥Cong-Ata_| pret ni) repae ae a Tame | 1) i ereomnonie [ae tone os [1a Pit aemteree {ome a Se [ae ae | 1 [a0 —[anenrore~aoss | om Tee ear rione-aro [or Se a a 3 [came] on | 1 To sr tno —| on | | waa [oss [or [ sioseasmo2e9 cio Te | -6@ | ar [oon [vss [any | enmxtoroveame| anne}, cy cd ‘Wamp eg ey mig ay ay ie te ewig ur of nr ero eden aoe a “earar gty of wale issn Srl tsi al, ‘ede asi ee aca ety ag Poe tre ton Stenson ley a srmeeresa otsru noRexENe sND rRSouCTON MaEe gg i darned ie pong caren aco yy te raion eee ca eatimation of atity needs a yrerWe bvmc r erer ined ‘Sipe by nendeaton er opever nto vase cae Tee cremge ata Seman Freesports . See SSSR eect in int iy ete a 7p ret aS eee oe ee 2 etic aston espn. Scarterraeyannenieranucnontts aroma Pond eit, ‘et recast i tie pe ‘pe mre caste ie (Paetem trc yaise meat ot i ne ta we Com ba ate dh ent! oe mpg Se FTC he aly em ea Seapli-p isons enol nse dae aml aed oo ot nn Sele ic det sn dd Snel or eae rN re 1 pea pen: ati (nrg ety ee mins ton ScteerQccuneyreqied ascot 1m of evi ee teed ieee ind main fie Senko vate a sly acne ee ingles ing ie ay rast "Ulig eet eo vec denned py coe od ey comes. “he pou of Sig ot eat ci xd gh be eng ee wis a ay ‘among yw cnt ui elo oe of tie ncn hate tn can nese chads en ang one ed beasied ee em nyeurerate 2 Sk [hartinesinae eos ty eon cnn 1 ra aber stnanon hort ht heme ve nce tafe tne" 28) P25 ‘Sistine talent oma arb PEP vim 5H008 6-196 . as 00s- iss JED e2sc005? 0281075 ware 25107590" don cage . @as009" gag yo-es = 1% fatteron ours, oneEnnD ANo rOsUERON tie ‘Te be of bean be cna i fp get et hl of sonegun Thee epondo Sh easel on Stamey Tit dere cnr wi 3 omy alba ee cece spray gm ni hae ee come fA ieee sie aegis ‘AR be omy incompetence ernie ntti ee wil sey ret Then ey ening as Rema ese ‘eee ale a tym ‘NStirofinermesne weg“ ‘Neste 000 ae St aan ibcinen v ‘ei ga 9 te ed ec hla Wm ut Wa 85% en he ‘ss er 25 of a ne Tae rey SO ans he en won some md Rocring the perros Fi 27st wdsonpgre set Tem oi caer ey ot ror hx pri indent peg cee ge | ‘if ete ste te eng ee een eag o Se | Tein ome cfwitersrs acinar Date ee ry Munir of crates 10 a] Pe Mace | eH vat att ect ett | » ea en wecing [Bais Pe = et ia sie LT 7 ro pence om ae Te Ts eR? wa mang nc Aiea Wee Sangtig 7 ‘evening ae single cig wi ce sie vay sus on teptnie Sy cn oie Sarton ae emerges 1 Een male ey tnt BE abowann compre saa2 Ent pcr of tie omy orb ei ce put fer, so set eeppealternonl etsy ‘Todetmin deme ee kd arian a cba iy A ia eye in iti tr eis he of cng Sing woSb WB apenas et cn eer ‘Wik pigs i tou di eo te he 5 Misnconesey wed trod) Oe { Supmachorocerdnisg deren sseacd ox woking. Dsraa (het gt dnt pom ar i of en ag. pvc nia ett eeteteet ‘itr ana rap usando fryccoetesedore re eae ze 18.6 i ity. .PREDETERINED MOTION Tag AND SYSTING PALS) “hss tdh wet vane ene ry high ri ama ine cntlaw cha seo ceed perme “Cepenn oon tc of ea metastases Ti ce os een ur pre expo tan ns ov nt ria tpl esis beste pntoe Tit es PTS PSLTS inconrern um mh ting pre no ot inde ne i onc nrcanetig eon ‘uence fale ar ice apts te so rc a nayaehnrewie cen oes eng eno geins Sew, oor ewe toe bk, Pag an Ded ican1 Med ieee 793 ex 5 Neto Ph 3 Dec ba. is { Rencatoweners ow Motion Time Azalyais MTA). a 421. Mernoo Tse WeaSUnEMENT OTA be ‘netic yan PLT MT pcre ya ofan in arate gaan ee = Wetatcentin teste areaeseeece sl “aac npn eine es abled in 1948, te tie wt is koowm as TMU. ne TAU 0006 minute. : ‘Basically, McT.M. i tool of method says at provides the ares i tras of tie wishou = atu hop ee leek rea hes fn Gap ci ‘Siete ea ee cetera eens ia es ct 18 ‘Steet na ng vse ached hase cessedone ohn \% Mooectei @ Te cman ese tee eid eid dre ie twaatuencnestonaeittat cn etastimntat tonsa asim ‘Stvedlede pce teas eenpea Serb apn Try oo na ‘Soitemeemnne ane nmin teem we ae {0 ‘Devenir oho Pig sac pining tn a sporting me cry () Eeubshtine ssa agit @ Cosestinsing, 7 (0), Tang spn coe ted oi aaa 8: Sumter owe 1) Bat bans gic os {Rocchi nt edt " (te m rene Sot Fras {ty Abie te et, es [MEM dat. care ny finda peo ie int at he mover fe a sence ise nnd dena tne eo aloe a = Nepal norcane wn Jnavaoree 0 thers in bce ihe Cn etn = Tiger mnie re esos me eae Fo at shin fn eon po etna ce heh peel _perdetemsed tise values are give te each moti. Wieu al such times are added up. itprovies the noc — Tileopepa Setar cottage come an ntact ‘ne {Sion en By 2 Mow tt penal |X Any Pressure = AP Ascend 4 Tum a $om-0 see weesInventory Control Bry isa dctoiled list of chase movable items (may be rave material, pars and in- or finshed products) which ae esential t manufacture «product and to maintain J ond equipment in geod working conditfon. The quantity and moncy value control keeps track of inventories. Ie may be defined asthe scientific method af stock levels to be maintained in order to meet production requirements soa ight typeof materiak at right sime im thesight quantities and at itive saodyotion 128 Adraniages of Inentory Consol freton of Charon of Ivanloy 12.10 Terme and Deletions in Iverory Conta bngererce of Ivetony YE11 Proceavre for Seting up an Eisen ‘yes of tetany Inventory Conve Sytem Majer Objectveessone for 42.49 inventory Contol Sytem olg:tnventon, 12:18 Factors foctingIrenony Cont! Poly vartry Conte of an Orpanzaten Cost Paces in erry Cota ory Wa evel part of an orguizaton. Every terrntiness be imac ove tiga has 0 tai me ier. Soe dts exphning eves of aves ae a filo vectors are ree wo tow tates and Hrshed goods lye ase ws, pansomponens, mates, im process Snished pecs recorded in the books of fe orpnzation and kep the stores ae called inventories. retry sist of cares, with compete speciation, quasar money valves of wsbe os, ? mmIWOUSTMIAL ENGINEERNG AND OROANZATION WAN (@) entry is defied a 4 densiptive Hn or temas which gvesquatiy and mond leach item, Investor) ncloder raw mater, seminished peodice or wen in iene, fished perlompenents spd Fished ial prodocts wc Bld in csr f ie oe makeing. ve hgh avery of mati an le resures in the sense ent eat fr set for smooth fosinog ofthe evgaizaton e enerprs, mannan ef sme i i eal 422 FUNCTIONS OR CHARACTERISTICS OF INVENTORY From te don of ven, i erat atl tock of a mot, fisted icles minted bythe enereneorgiizaton. The awn ‘Soin be eon snd facto of fen 72 soestron Serve m Cobo, st cs de. dems Macwatens. it seen diferent eter nt hm tt deck eon ab z ‘xan erstaon har eal ih ere elo Soo et pe me Hae Me ava Theat 0 domed ee mpl Of Boot Ach sen ek "tot acon bere eon 2.2 lnvsntory, a Necessary Evil for Any Enterprs ot posite witht iveauy tsa neces. Father tas Been observed that coms of no Inverter (eck ot condaa) we wsully great thn cost faving them. Thus lave «Fis ct © f vtious inputs de 10 sours on bulk purchase 44 Maintenance of Smooth snd Eiicient Production Flow ‘Maigaine cook sod effet podocton flow th Kee « proces conn operating k 1s ces of cn ed Pcs ig : dey eaeel ae aie aes sale te oe \A po test ae Splat is ae = Aiviaries a mers © A. Tie taoig pnt ge iprneof arnny ' epgin (Good consumer service can be provided and mainte in the organization (iy Babes smoot aed effet production Now’ of goodie28 su) roles rotecon ans weenie regi demand’ pd soppy f motels And cupet. (ws, production anvies can be Indpendany ad enol Perfumed 2) Ean Seer vlan often hacker and marae (Ga tae poretases qunity docoons ean be. ‘efor in TYPES OF INVENTORY Sem fest node all pes of goods aeisbe In he ste, ver 3 etclader he ey it an fixes. ventoror cube cls in iferet way depending on they focon set gla ito final proc sch a rw mei, compomsatsGished pnlemponets sb bts proce om mateo cae spe, |L2 Work in Procesy Inventory in eine ge opr ga ti sg of mam of Be poe 19 Finished Goode laventory™ Fie ae Gnisbed goods or fina pods veaby for teh 1 oes oto. dsb [124.14 Operating and Maintenance Inventory “es aca the ems which donot frm te ptf the nal peedut bat a8 ier consume ed ‘rng the mantic prove Hem need equied for Fepair aod lence fonts T2415 Miscellaneous Inventory / "Bie iemuboods er than those mentioned above such axel and ansleie reels or xp ‘Raity fom msn prodicon procs, saonety heme ted in office her Hers eee y ole, — ry and ses parent ce ve oa Tnttietory trained for flow of epeaons only and ae sich remaine ia fw ike ea > as imentrymsitsied for smooth Now of production ad fied goods inventory is nine Fer moot fw OF goods under dsbaton 12.42 Conventional Classification Toran) may Be clasiedaccortag 10 covenica in te'fellowing way 4242.1 Direct Inventoriey | Tee inde aris in say form and of any form afer pressing or ished componets wick ‘scones an ital part of He mania product be eptedlsleed to dst conser 1242.2 Indirect Inventories ae twitch et pit nd mt coe he pt of el ate win eh vompstn oe Ba pat mrp These maya pe can anode cnt te ed hg ptclon, 1412423, Finished Products Iiventorieg oe f Pesce eady or spat th sbutios stom or ae {eal products E 124.24 Purchased Parts Inventories 5 Sinisted,Gnished pans purcicd fom he market fr tstion atte tie of sembly of he prc,‘aay compeeeasve ester of contol oven al per of ialeny i del? Or laietly sccomplhing # at varity of puposes. Mou of them ate at fll: 1252 To Create a Baller Stock Between the Input and Outpst So tht, te Ou Bie fow of poder a Te dependent on te gut mitral char sible 12.5.3 To Ensure Against Delay tn Detventas ‘The delay ja delivery of Baihed producto the buyer is ave by Boling. ventory finished pods 12.5.4 To Allow for.a Possible Increase In Output if 20 Required ; Market seqitenents ma sur the minafcring programe o be enerPie. Depending production eqazements Hacks ar bemansned droid 12.5.5 To Ensure’ Against Scarcity of Mateslls In the Market Sometines inp mata may become sce apd ficult get whe Were ae lage Mactan ‘cpt and demand fr tam. A reserve ck of a rails is mus fer gah maractrng op 32.5.6 Yo Make Use of Quantity Discounts % ‘npot mn ad compen may be cheafe Wen puch in Blk ques ov & canny discount and Tower Sansponton cose. ‘a 12.5.7 To Use to Advantage Price Facrustions or ‘ce tan may Have aad et onthe EMME pey Ue eee or og 7 there Nvcaaton rey be wed to advantage of te wt metas ave eSports Oo ‘done sete wien pes ae lower. : ‘ile above rene oieter fs cst. Te imag otal ¢ msn conceal e ialing opm Secs esting above rabies wich re aj To cont. Inventory 5 a8 Ss beepers eae cS “hepa he 8 amt oe eve ti eign ctl 8 z Cosi to have ventory Cost not to have Inventory 4g rece Sf meee oo waa pees : ae | Saagtegteeriiae |p ray awe a S20) ees, [etree “or 27d ie Sere Se token fet GM Sf oath 1c thee pes ee er ee et me ’Faye ete sii way of fag ot te sont fo be tpt ack o met he cn news sa hesitate gs Saf eer pots In ch x Ge aege of ec cone red compte pl minum mest £7 rors baying boot conieraton of Geren cites err Lo uke fvantags 9 fouable 4 mis one ado pone Smt Steep oe epi ey cs of Sie rac wii comin of bP coer eaten aac 2%, ender wo pore uk and beter servo 0 comumer ove tckine ay tak plas. Alo 10 ‘Seon te cot of prison, ut roduon wil In hope iene bth es hl leo poe etry coe mc of ode ay als Biv a wens has may re npr ientoy "Me Devap Pais, Plans and Standards Regd: So tio achieve. hs invest ent jeoves | 2/ltive Running o Sores: This may inode problems of eyout, zation of sexe space, feta inning and eciing procedures of ems Kp In sock "ang oer | 3 Teehnoogieal Responsibly fr the State of Ditferént Matra: This may nclade the method ‘pt sorage, msstenanceprocedu, sier of Saedoton and obsolete mater gd conectve tevon rele, \L-4 Stuck Control System: ‘This inchudes purchase procedures of materials, onfering polisies, physical wean so rs isn Hue the Ty Aaah OF ee — tc ff pro | S-Munesne of Speed np Spied ro mua, aed comport wan oct, psetl pls foc une ho manned rine Oe eecion Tate ote in : on of Tne Te iti i 0 ied fo ion mt hing ‘Or nde eof ve Were Piso gn mai tle rll vain oti mea rH Co pinto a peo {0ST FACTORS IN INVENTORY CONTROL nals and yo biking ip of stock ‘evemory analysis consis of identification aid evaluation of relevant costs. The operating policies @ Fr canpcinaaise a ted on he Slvr cae oan wie Te ng Pe ca cay ae eval wal ery Sa ates es tsk HERMME 3:81 rccirement Cost or Coat of Orde ‘the mot ica cot to sauce precise. Te dedi cot is the smut of money goodematerals ugh phasing. no Hock ich may cdea 278 t (0) Co of pening heen lig gn ving oe cn (0) Cos of falling of and expecting the orders phe with various appr, Jos Cos of ecving he tengo fn sock, ay Gat of pocestng the weer cle for mag payment yOu of materiale porta. ‘So 10 evaute procurement Set it necesary © Mendy the ttl apnal cot associa running» puchie deparmet ps menloned spore. the oss obtained is died by ‘numberof rd placed dng Sm pees we Sal pt he ocsing cit which mayo ‘pees prone Se fr deeminntion of cus per oder: (@) Determine the numberof ders placed per Yea fom the pit dats of two yea (©) Find ot we foal co of plicing crders in yet y aiding the Yao cots Sch a Wage ad sey of peo working i he purchase depart (i) Remeron of Ying, equpnnen & actineswized by pace depen pase of plsng ones. Wi) Teepe, pose snd aionsry charges fr the pupae of pclae (©) Divite the tot cot 50 ned by Heme of cde ned in a yea a et Be ‘onde Le cost pe ode 12.8.2 Sct up Cost or Cost in Manufacturing Process i {61 Ca of site pte poe nt egg, inition a eng 6, Sper an art woe t ©F Cost of scrap which cocus primatily at the beginning of new operations o¢ in producti ‘Sifen uct engage stay ttre ay als We aad Soe Con cn banged we ape (©) Gos detent em gun of fventy ich il “Cat of Storage Spc ay te he inom fH pod rae ‘Gy ted ve te pe an Gato Holding te sory Stockh my coe roti of snd om i of ee al oe Ce See eet oe mt a Ema el lr let of at le os 2 t 3 ¢ sapael +? 5 @t4hk da 7 ysl’ : * ms #1 J) 7 aEa i 2 i eis lemige he dco components Mealy Sa may i ‘ie oral finch pono be nt fe wing Cia bo em being | "Some meron hte wl ce which at en fond sity to Soe tone a 6 of nena ale Heng toto avery cargiog exe a it inet ing St low = — | Pa | cana edo Gi with © 165 of imatory valve ef age sce 2 Mp af ive ale on of splage tnd dteraton {eh of ioventory ve 1 af ivemoey Yale 1 of lavenry vlve 2p 3% of imetay valve {i229 of lovey wale 0 28 ot Sey he j 5 Gea ee ep pe | dein Somes ont the iemelpedspredct vege ge no jn tock then we cur he ast Sh ok casa ny ive hae to ont ences, Th fit aye back ower IE TOUT i SR ened back eer and ss toon as he products re ics spel wil he maa The seco a yf Ks and be he rare ngs the Sle ich Cea 25 campenet ig the les of easumer’s owl which Silt "Th deat aa def pt as Fe iy he cost Of lot ley doesnot Spend pon tine. feck ore ease gies re too pes Of ees ar Sow ermal Eos os ? western Se B10) Ovectine of workers + 8 ‘Spec sdounave etfs for contrng vaso for, “a, uch coat lb Ue dependant Lt tne for which de ore renin as ek ode, ence, the oat oF sore ithe ack oer eave may Be exes 5 9 Many PEE Pe ai eye Factors Affyctiog inventory Coste PUuueUUYUYe vy.220 InpusrnAL eyaneenNa AND ORGANEATION Uae (2) Pebbiy of sles of Fished item, (@ Allowable delay in mening ide egeiemests of serve fequkemens. (2) Production Characteristis (2) Tye oF godveton Le ob ener, tach ender or continous manafetrng oda (®) The somber of manulcaring sages iatved in production cycle (0) Toe segroe of speciation ofthe product rng manufciring sage (@ Proscton capaciy and ety of he system. (@) Kind of procession ad prod quality regiments, ab fe and se of steele (8) Market Charstristes (© Peseney of canehation of roducton xdenpuchase ores, (a) Procurement cele and sera! Jad fie. (88) Tene ok ymert and Scoot wale oh pre of (at ei (i) Maker specuaon (9) Use of inane femal ia the manufacture of fg rode (69 Storage ie se and other marketing feces fing te sls 42.9 ADVANTAGES OF INVENTORY CONTROL ¢-” 1 propery plated sd silted sem of ineguey-cctal sl provide the flowing a 12.9.1 Improvement in Customers Satisfaction ‘Tis may be achieve Usooph quck and elise daivery sic which in try Feu rms (A maisteaace of tater ivetoy sock of fitted produ in hind (a) Beter seognpticaldevclapmet Of felt marchouse for imestics of fied seas 12.9.2 Improved Manpower Masagement ‘Tis yents om x gees eng of poten peaks no depth aed with he consenting Im employment say 12.9.3 Improvement im Eliectivensss of Key Perzonnet (@ The cme spent in expediting cies inpudiaw materials corrective seton in coal ‘roducten recess, aling te serous Sack ener proeme Wi paca casa enone i ved if effective ienary con ie etplyed (9 The eflecivemas of feldsnesien i ao improved de 1 redvction inthe moar set in pacing wd saisyng he sone 12.94 eduction in Manufacturing Coste ‘A wel pinned neon Sono system ean lad to red in mansficring cots by () Proper ution of san power 0 eer isfasuord flies gh ein cued by storage of pt aera 4) By soging snmical pendant i glad of buch job onder mantis (Ga) By mining machine down te ais By shore of ncn aod rep (@) By ministry ser which may ree fry dete amt wal, pls. sdeerioraion of the product. (©) eter wlizsion of syle mater by providing ner-paneia aster ofInventory se, xfndine om org, ‘eieroaion t spaslage of goods ‘bolecene ee ly irae ‘where exper on setng up of the plane, perenne. ‘woe Tne th ts, ere" are to se of Taner vi pte entities tomas the expendre Te one enourapes the et ste an ‘he scourge The tal Cost reed Shp cmb ‘ot expeodies on all es ace 1 stared e121 ‘Total Cat = Maia Cost + Cot ve to factor hoe cot increase ‘ei oe sige Cost de 1 factors whose cot derees wit 6 ae, "The tot see for which the (lal Flg- 12.4: Varltion we Diforent Costs wit 1.2) 3 ost per psi inom Is know 1 econ ts or econ edr quanty is, BLS. BOQ. 22.11 PROCEDURE FOR SETTING UP AN EFFICIENT INVENTORY CONTROL SYS1 ‘The etablshent ofan effet lavestory conc sem Hnclodes the owing five seps 1. Chasen and codicton of vento 2. Mine of ventory res 5. Cool of ie eee ow of eet 4 Coto of ote 5. Ste om, ‘We sal now dics ten pei 12.114, Classification ana Codienion of teventory ' good Ate of laifeion and eaieton of ivory is eal in ote to pent mixing one type of iveary vite ot Inventory cat be chia i ere ways pending oa ‘pecific portation locaton ee. In onder 10 rave tie snd simplifving Henificalen ‘onc, he "acon eames of lover should be piven a cove amber 12.11.2 Malatenance of laventory Records Following he two aoant mithade of mlitsning inveatoy record Rete Iventry System Perper Inventory System We sal ow exit in ef follows: z 12.11.21 Periodic Inventory Sytem. ‘Unde sen, adwabe of inten Ie found oot cay a he end ofthe accounting ped having pia cretion of the un In mand. Ths wy door no provide the nfm ‘elated ih he quant and vale of lnestoy ona contin Bas. Ty ti system, po scentB noc, wicnge, eft oI ie astined In he case hat the inverter conmed ir deed G,saing he toa aloe of iveniory procued dung the pesod the vase of Iveta i ‘fete soak And devotog te ste of avery st tend a cng sock. . perpetual Fvgntory Sytem the temingy of Cont Accountancy “Pree nveny I,» eptem of recat =, onal eprint eh rece We Fala! move of oes del sey sn ving em fy which th ec ads of ee nme Ge of ch nao th alee ey be ong St Fogle consi, two bin cards one for eat, epepred Wang the Sl a oe Bis ‘he faloming specimen ern of Rin Cad oud hip proper onertaning of the conten of de ta Yo, Maxiaam Ive eral Coie Minin Deve Nine of the mai. ‘Ordering vel : sion Crdeing en. Sires Leg elo No Uni ry BALANCE | “CrECKED GRN® OG. | Date Requisition Dae | “OW. Oy. | Dae | Tait} sion TERN, wena Goods Reeved Now Fig. 122 ‘The eps a etre a er he CY, de aes me sawn one ba of tore eons he closing balace i festa” fer each ent is made therein. In bin cards all ents Fig recip sues and lanes of tel sw ened ely guaaly ad 3 ale ~@ 2 Sores Ledger: Stores ede isa record of sis, a ginnpn vse id ; ess scot sr in ce ih Ge ipa Sens at Se eat ‘ro mito shore Thre inst lee a sbeaciped uote ve pod ‘as gut, Th ges Ne geese a ns Sopra Vos cis oils nara dose et fore ce ae ges we df Top varies so a to oid let oo foe208 IMOUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND ORGANIZATION wy ‘he pein frm of sores peri shows in ig 123. FeaNonss YER Coa ‘STORES LEDGER ‘a Mat, ieee Cove No Bin, Reape Tse Bate ‘Due | “PO | Qu: | Date | Requiartoo [Q9, | o- | Ne Ne PO, Nox Prchass Over Nomtor Fig. 12.3 ‘3 Adoption of Continuous Stock Taking: Continue sock taking 1s a eens cong ‘psa invensey stem. This is done by comparing the physical pny wit he $own inte bin cand tbe sors pe. Ths is normally done by a Idize ‘ch waft Dictepnsiee between te tla shown 8 Woes ler andthe (of stores may te ca acount ef the following two ee: (a) Avoidable Causes: These ictt-over tues of onder issuer of items, ceil treakage, pate, placomant of mei in ie wong Din ee: 1) Unaveidale Causes: It Incdades-eaporion,evikage or sme her physi ‘ef even, baking the Blk sing Ferry im mall les iat ones “Seeneron of stk. a BRA H 2 Advantages of the Perpetual Inventory System ot zg 1 faites potuciea planing sac te sores econ 6 & means or allocating = : ‘ronson ers ad i eabir the cheng td release of eters. with ful asa s e ‘seine woud be avallble when roped 2. Wee ty proces of aos int mata wih cb pei haw ch 8 he ‘3 Wtuihegs aocalon of mail ots 1 manefacring ones fo producion de ‘ensuing te ems. 4. makes it possible to prepare Financial stements witow king physical vuteal Seventy. 5, Mresublsies a basis for peefrming physical veiScaon of inventory and fro nisilgeton, wate, cbeolescrace an tet of atrial 6 Contol ofthe cjce ow of at pile. An eft system st be sgn 5 el he maa i Ge ees ow om ie of cn of prc he of fase goed. 32.11.3 Steps In Material Control Cyele , ‘Accriing 1 J0ba A. Sin, flowing ae the Steps in the Mati Col eye 1. Store ston las prepte pci eusons for he prociremet of meeded mati topless tls anc seed the foe pacha fice an they fe Tegussfr maul BEARS Bl & = RERILES © ‘ « ‘ «in he sag lice rom pasando te Tc ho pt ah = : : 5 te pect pi i ty dg lS a ay topo Sere ge mate thet ernest ns cig oe ack he miei agit poche Sire id eine ‘pal nl snd mesa) bs wp i he does em 4 Rastag nore mars eed nd pts ced rg cn Cis mi. wp a Sree so hs sar Ped ne vo «_ Niclicor ces ine pig sce ewe mit eqn alo mare jeden poor and ae pie na of pop ey a 1 Ronee ee mmc prs msl n mon fas eed fn fro tne he ea ma a weds ted of eae nl ‘Sime fe re pp of ct ering «Fat sec Cone mops pia by meas of fe se ad tone TST dics de tw of woticegh Ge fe Zoe bud he pasa ae tiTzale te poms tk nb a », Boyar mae cad i a ot nt em Chis te a of “erm (msm pac nrc a ern ny ‘Sr mel a we vn Boyce dre mt fe rfc © ere rom al oa ie ba of wake ‘nse pc cats Spas she ok a Ft tn xg ely 1. Heng Tne Tne else work boing and we pidng devices wed in conucon ‘ih mcne operons Example me figs and fate, cog 2 Forming and Cut Toe Tose tls re sd with ichies wo hangs shape o oof ‘Sal aanples eon cima dll, Spe pot cating 1 Mating Tne: Ths peo tot ae te devs freeing de cntrmsce of wok © ‘nies xampes ap Sobor Op of page mica, wees CC 4 fan Tok Tht eh vie ed bldg Or ueebling pa oc maces lang av a avers meres sane o cere for Totng sd Real Toig ms te pening snd sous of tot Taking sorry hen 8 nv Pe toe apace, Resaing te reured when pods Segh ew Oly be rod Dis Ting: The oe i pe fing: These we: ‘Craig own Ge pod Is shares a8 ps on, compoens aaslag We Freping te tt of marin dveings ander seca seared fy, deine the thew of tole need 2 Seeing ad ying mao of Yrocesing and acorn i! the qsamity of gods be Drned daemuniog he pe of-otng tote pecs! an wih for xh ern rates, sda tossed in posoton ‘Croco fbrioing te tale at per hi etgndraving‘novsrminL ENOWiEERING AKO ONGANZATION 5 psig te tie circ pecifeioe &: Raow up the peroonne of earn motor Rpig Ie mca) rd tos fat ti ore) eng angen ig em the din ofl sada 12.1.5 Storeroom Management in Son in is snes ment, as ose or fr sting po tele em amy 1. Daernng he eit Spe of cain and lecting spot asl om 2, $8ecing a etc tmagenet Soe nd deve ted ee et 5: Seine poe sete oles evra en 4 Raving yea te om option 12.12 INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEMS 1X pope imenogy conte not ony ee in solving te acute role of Haut baal Profit and causes seal reduc nthe working capil of te eerie: sy ll Fnvetog con, ftlowng things have Yo be consis creel: 12.12.1 Factors Determinental in Inve tem 1. Stok Levee / 2 Determination of Safety Stack. 5. System of Orrin fr Invent 44. Preparation Of Tener R 12.12.11 Stock Leela crying of co mich an 0 i fete i detent oe Sse eg {coi te om ita equ tock coions ling ear ering fon Inventory evel too iB, Hl be omen wp of pla Tacos, a ee ‘Rhowponet eins at expe al! mati pi eve ena wie {Sanus sm he sme ne ere eno ska ich my et ne Seppe Of pedo. Vios Howl re Gord Talons ‘Minow Lee This pens te guny which must bem Mad 3 soca we les tn be mine ee en he ak it sop eo sharageO ni Pal incor re akon in occur hie sng ini sk eve ‘ead Tine. A pci fir egies se ie poche ne a ei spp the or Tsien in pcesig eo den een 1's une ecto mania oe won nag is ped met rao [ate of Consumpn: Rie he wee onsmtion of ma Hens in he inde. Te consumgion wit be ei th ae pst expec and poston em ‘Nate of Mate The ite of iter affect he mini. mat ‘onl gat piles ofthese hen minima ok lm be ole re IBS Gre te ltlbwing fami er ccipg mimes ck eve rma sk Level » Kerb Ul Nonnal Cnsmpon% Nodal Reade ordering Level When te gurty ote ea cry eel nt cari re mate aptin"The rr ele the rset ach innit tS Te evel xed betwee misimum Tevel and mssimar level. The te of Sump, BaberOR" CONTROL 287 enone ¢ goed spleh te secs, nd cin uly of ma ped ony dy we ale no Sisson while Ting resreng lve Resets tl sir wh owing fool: "orlting Level = Maxim Consenpon Rae x Masimem, Reo pod DMasknam Levee i te gs nls yond which fm sade nce etc I ‘be nll escenis mania lel ln hea oi be emed ae overtockng. Aim mois ‘rctcng bess wi oi ih masa covt Overig i ed te repenen ‘Sic mre sp stig he ea nd nae cages fos tm chcecnce Mais {Sok bre wil depot pen te feowing care {0 Toe aay of expt We patie of mal in be {2 Toe maim opener of anal a any pit of in 6) Te say o pce fr serge mae vey (0 Te re of common of mates Sa a in. {5 The cot of maining the see (6, Toe psy of cnn eof aes mates (The rae of stash fe mal oe fre Inna, en hey Gout be ved for tog pers. : (Moly of sn. 1 mae ee ale aly ing Sen he ey Wl ae io {sored or ft psd © Reiion lapel tye goverment Somes, govemmet Sst maou sony of ‘ain hs conc an Sweeney egret wil eome He eng {tr sed main evel cannot be fel mare than tt (1) The psy charges nes wi ln lft hematin el Delon hse {be faowig mia for eatatog ion set nc ‘Maximum Suk Leet = Reoredng cl» Rerdrep Qomiy — (Minima Comtmpioo x irom Reoing pete) Danger Level eh level low which socks shoal not nay eat. If ange evel ‘grees thn ide ae shoal ute eps he sca ve more csi ore a ‘Stain he mite, Danger lel can be Sane’ with the flowing formas ‘Dat Level = Anengs Contempo ¥ Maron order pod fr snergeny paces Average lock Le te Average sk: oe is ealculied Sach a: ‘erage Sick Le = Minn ok Level 12 of Rene Qo, Pa BS ona A, ST wininam aE TT a HTL © senor eek (0 Mani Cocgion = 200 i ay Ai) Minima Cssunion = 120 ofr dy (i) Noel Comngen” = 160 wnt er 9 {i Reser pees 1015 do (Rewer say 1,60 one oe (6) Normal oder pod = 10-dys Solution. edt tee Mainun Corin Mo ferro 200 ite 15 = 3000 unit Minimo Stock Vay) = Reordering Level ~ (Neral Consumption Nortal Reordering Pc) 3.000 = (ea 10) 2300 — 1400 = 1.400 wuts‘Maximum Sinek Level kt Reorder ged) him + {00 ~ (120 « 19) I 2 3000 + 00 = 1.200 i = 2400 a ‘The thee ther Sectors amt sub explald very careful? 12.12.2 Types of Inventory Control Systems’, / 22.12.21 Perpetual Inventory Control System : Jn Inge Bsns organizations, tf eset o have information about contour vals ferent ypes of aterils and nore prchaed,isied and thir bance hae. The pe lavemtory contlsyteo enables the minute to iow about he aalby of these ores wit sdersing he imbue proces of phy! stock Yeeaion, Unie ie i i i i b : i | i i £ ? i Sf this system iro fave secure negation abo the stock level of every emt any ne. Perpetal entry consol sytem east te applied with uses uless an unl bya tem of euoumous stock Uig sned at checking the tl Sock of th wit 34 tes ‘by picking 1015 sens duly as opt phy sock tring which takes place once yea The ‘se taken i stain inorder uve me effective check, te process of continu sock stall uodeaen bya ern ether tan tc sehceper Tis wl elp in checking he fre Storekeeper aso. The success of the sym of perpetual Iveory contol depens upon tbe Implemontden ofthe sytem of comin sock vexfxtion. ‘Advantages of Perptoal Inventory Control System: Following ae the mui bees dete 1 ecient sem of perpen! imenion reo ‘loxing tack canbe found out tan tne dorng the Sear It grey facies Ui fit profit and loss account and Blane sheet a the end of the facial peed er 2 Lesser Investment im Materials By invoducing 4 ejtein of perpetual invent co repelar check on the receipt aad Isue of mata and sores undertaken, Thi a ‘iia of fvesneat In rater. ‘3 Help n Formlaing’ Proper Parehase Policies: A storekeper can uy aon the when more mari wll be que by eathdeparment of the Facey as varios levels OF "ype of merase clea nde ll this Infomation Js Yer hepa In Fermin prcae polices of te eae. 4. Immediate Detection of Tet and Leakages ee With the help of «prope lased syst Dupe inenony conta, leaages and theft of mater are immediately boop 0 i So canes for soch branes cn be easly known without del |S Adequicy f Working Capital: Te stem earues an esti contol vere sarge ‘ese of eda. This makes arable adequate supply of worklog cpt wich ca Be = in ee protihla avea of he sooer 6, Rene in AscertaningEfciency of Stored Organization: Perpetual aviary cntl 5 ts a5 an ipo inument w deveonine ener and working of srs a.2 ode ‘ndenatng a provide cotnaous chock on te working ara pation of te esis te stove mentoeed advange, a jroper sytem of perpeual avon cosl ‘any other beset vie, ens ney replepent of fish stock (ati), es seamenre make We conto 258 ree matsne opin xesng ict cal oer wamager sad ple A ate all Gagan nord eb coe on msn ot yet ack veeon Fes ABC Method of loventory Control ces, mi ln cn et rail, ARC ae Bex Cn ed i i, Ue ped ma ‘Sbgmce serine: ah Ee rine “Say hae EG BE TO MO fel Sms dy fo about 508 of ie BET Sie of ner A pete ee of cowl seed and Shans perv ese tm ep“ cm ft ch come 2 090% of ene aid pre srt SON ole oa alu of ses Amable eg of ce) 0 rc Soc ae tem Tn at agay L-grep °C aout Pf eo Oe es “ocing som OW of thal valve Ts ca beled qo sey CuepNy. cum nbiod elsve value aercoh Mis tied Is undertaken ih cae allows cenidable redoction in the expenses ae i yl In presersing cay en ne xe, ‘of A.B.C. Method of Inventory Controt oider beter cose over theca em in ‘uch ge amount of capital i meted. Telpt in developing teienific method of onclling.taventorie, "working costs ensierably eeduced and stock i mafstaood ot tina level ay Tele in minting stock tev over rte at angie Maer Wet gh wee ore (0) i assures considerable eductin inthe sonze E LAL ® 1 char, > Fecen ore (@ Tees in maining enough sary sock of C eas Cateye ems. The flowy gph demonstrates ABC imemory clssieaton 223 FACTORS AFFECTING INVENTORY CONTROL POLICY OF AN_ORGANIZ event coet pole ofan enstizaon hasan inact en he woke ,tem. There ae number cr atesing inventory contel Scions which can be cmegnricd a Tllow: oenfgRSEIS.1 Manufacturing Characteretes sane of te nagufscuring poss, paduct development & Asia, pots fining, production ing, inj design ha significant impact ot venery coal oly. Some of thse fers ae 0) Degre of speciation and procesing tages ofthe product The gene of sags of txastomation ofthe pdt fam rv material Gal gost derninea he nane Of Sven conzol eH ‘he ear of ret rns mor oes ‘ae vrs Sage of roducion, ea eons an ‘be acid ty keeping be Ha bane of Socks of varloos tema a vans saps. (Process eapality and Dexblty:Precesng tne of varbos operations canbe eonered the procs capably eg the repleshrent lead time dicey alot the se of te ventory. ‘Siniliy move Goikly and economically the reducon prey can adjusts rae stl the wotuedon flies frm aoe operation tp aplher opeaon andthe fachaeleupmest fem290 INOUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND ORGANIZATION Man “ne proto moa Guerin the magne of Deby. The ebjectve of ‘Seal be wars aing te production Sess, capably, levels iventny te service requirements. (Gi) Production Capacity and Storage Facies: The capacity ofthe produsioninamd sytem sloegthsbrege Ioibes conseibly affects the fnvetory Policy of an Ee fr any rod he cost of stage faity Is hgh then ink fet for serge In vew of economy of the sem (0 Quality resumes, cbelescene sk and stelle of the prodac, (© Nurser of Productln Stages: Th nate of tbe manufacturing system is char ‘weer of geoduotonstger aad the latceltonship between varius profucton ‘inte convo oe mae production syiem. die to standaraaon te iene ‘Sper thn Job poucton or ftch err feoseton Silay, when tesa ay ‘Eagn ten the vero conto syst soul Be able to provide scth austen stages und ives to fight the Mactalons in Gisbed goods sock 12.13.2 Amount of Protection Against Shortages “The varision in demand and supply 2 routine pheronenon. The protection spans eich um sarinlon ace pone by proving sey er baller stocks The fairs responsible for sch (©, Changes in Sie and Frequeney of Orders The ils voli of products Sn pe ‘fords umalsne can easly onli with small investor. (0) Unpreticabe Stes: 1 te make dened foe he prodact cies Co much, hen be hand ony by exile nd large capacity of inven persons, 0 Pipa nog Penna Saco fi Daas Fee ic to al Sosa rea Serine tne ote ae 8 Seerct era Sos x Seo as Gi) Cost of Shortages: When there is hemvy penalty and when unable to meet the der Ls SIDES Tad ST a eo se in gulning KS nn cae ipa € esr end aie Pee eer oa aa < Gogocie tht tec wipe pa 8° ‘© 1283 ogee ace x Fae te ila end st olay a epic. Some Of hese ae ted fll (@) Hanan plitions poles of 16 oegsnztion (Goon of epi nelle for haven puposes Re ee er eer, iced agian a gS 12.13.4 Miscellaneous Factors wok Tes ae fe relaed withe inal tier covet if the min ae Hh og © ataion re : (i) War or ome wfrseen natural calamies, ods, earthquakes 6 (i) Uncrate in communication facie,F516 INVENTORY CONTROL MODELS ined enn, 6 ote cent ee eape Te iad aS gulag Cora ssn) 1 eed fer ch be mp ote tin emacs oak most economical to the enterprise Or-Grpanization from the operational aspects point of view. In cnr to onic cas Some ime peo aly dl hoe mosh is be "ec rohesd imetay moi sr ete wih sty te sleet i ach By Daeminisie (Models asioming ceraing) D Peablisie (Mode serming Bis) pounpons i Deemisae Models ae 2 Dam ge ei one tine (G) No iitains se imposed by stongfrotscon oe ninisrte capi of te concen (Ree ni ch fr tf al ep of oy “9 Rel 0) Tesi mumps sod celvey Se opel {Waker sk (Te gos, pC bakpente fee uy Pose pat teal alo PE sie respi of kr i. mer of Ree ore (TE top cou we wena ad he eof pda Is Ea, by ARMM Att Desivation of Hari ermal for ntantaneous supply, onions consumption and zero te dena “Tak rip shall be vali for purchase a well as manufacture of gods: Foc ber foe I. Purchase Case: Usig te Notions 2g Boonie ener quantity £09 (for igo materi) served 1D = Anaoal demand or Consnon of lpat materia = ely Sage of in (C Unst Cott coe of nit mst 7 = Procuereat cost or ordering cot pr quaney Q ad i may facade, 1 Cost of processing the, resistin . (® Con of teeiving the tne or terion cot gt the pant (i Cost of gua coro & iapeton Ina 1 = rate of ltrs charged per wt per yer 1 Inveatry holing or caning coe ‘Which may include following @ Cost of storage and hacding the wiser. de (Tees nd feornce om ives dng sage. i) Desrioration and bseescnce of avec daring sag, oo (Coat of maining records of input mate Inventinien (2a pee ok wal co) e ‘se Production Case {Q'= Ezonont bt size wo be manifacued,202 ou itt ENGINCERING AKO ORGAMZATION UANAag D = Ames pedo: (C= Unit ot of producti Wich nln: (© Ra males co per i (® Labour so peri Gl) Over hence per st ‘P= Preparation st up for qc 0. nds lowing © Labour cot frst vp of machnelipmest, oo, jg a ftes and accessor, i) Paper work coat ivaved in producto paning and conta, ea room od lope (i) Cat ol seap cased do to iis wal se Ang producon press ar echne ong i ree, = Inventory caying rte holding cost Ii ten a pereat of wi ‘aay bn be egret mess per at cost 1 derive she rlatntip for BOG and ELS ie Economie onder quantty or Esso or. te Tal yearly cot (ta snc invest) 1 Material cor + Atoallnvestory Caving or Holding ‘Cou Proaat r Prepaaion 0 5p xt Matti Cost Unit Cost» Amal Prodicionurage = CD «Ann ent eying cing ca = = ae as ting cot) rege eniver= "ac s Ppa te tw c= Pp ct ew x = ExD ; 8 Ke exD+HoSe2xd é For ccone ong ety tse dienng Y, wih omc 0 and ene MM {fea wia?-£.0|=09(He)-/2 ¢ = Afeannad- fo] n0+(H)- | fs A Ss Je the deriva sy ah hs : simon Lee < sae = - Med: Bzsmi Oe Quy ot we ‘When he supply i avastancos and adeno in consumption He continuous aad there ‘eee nck and Te Bi model be pater ‘of fyrences te chown in the adleaing Bg.125, Following te pevows notions and R a reere sock, me hve the tot ema Mi non A me © ‘293 Y,= Mul cot + Taventon carging or Hoiing cost + or Sep ae Manis cont CD ety aging cst & Hc of ince = C03 re wee the args of Q-od 20 pls afer ck” Sep cove = 2 a p Tone teers (0 Tol soe eco ‘saon, He ie, Amos oiseneat tar con Pecoen cat Shortage otc ak cost =e 30 pte er eae Invent caging con CH= R10 pratt Jar (© Mina cs ee gay ee by * 15 Got (09 Moxirwm ingentary level. ten by arm) = 9525 (} (2) Masons naner of ck oe it nO, 1158629 (GE)= «frame 2) 866 [Ans] BEE 0 con ora RS he Tred ot fe & production i made. Te podton cots Re 2 per item and the etentry carying tus Re 030 per ul pr moh ie Serine a Re 3 pr hm ur ey cere ow (Goat make a production run aa of what sae? (UCN, Pina) ne, 1982) ‘Solution. Given emandMeqiement Do 25 units per mons $e op cot Pa Rs 30 peron lento caring ost CH= Re 0.50 pe uit pet month Storage cou (G,= RES per ont per month ronson ts eo = ERAS) Tn an organization, Be regent ofan Te i 10000 was or mau a wafoon ‘ile The procrenent cot i Re 10 yer ode. The item cote Re. persis Caring cat i 20% of cost pr amum Back out or shorage ext ie Re 5 per anit of shorage ewe. Determine the oving: () Ezenomic ender qoaniy (i) Maxima fventory level |G Shorape quay ® 9) Cont of ehrage (0) Tou cot of vestry * ‘Solution. Given ‘Aral requremenvemand = 10000 wns oorerentcoserdering cost” P= Rs 10 por one 4 ferenbey caming cos (CH= 030 <1 = Re. 020 per unit Sage con pen Rs. pee unt of sharage(2) Maxi Kener lve o,- PPD, pm) mV cH O20 sms 0-1 fic) AS a eer iat wns-m oc (Soe en (Cat nag (yal re trey (22a) or (] cae a Be ‘neat = Re 100 one cat Re 60 Inventory caring cost = Rs. 20 - Bie oder out Gc at ou) = R10 ‘Compute the following: ¢ © Minimam cost = quency ¢ (2) Tne bowen ol (2 Maan None fk ote Soar {i Main rensy led 4 (0) Ove snl eat (CA ra elle Solon Data gen fons: ae 'D = Ameal egiemen/Gemand = 1000 wis * cat = Cot rng procurement = 160 or Cuming og CH = Rs 20, . ‘C= Con of shrages = Re. 10 Unicon C= Re 100 pr. CS) (0) Tie pees eters = FOO (i Mxineninencry lee apo. (adarah Ma S19 On ant ‘acinar of fk er wal 7 =0-0,=219- t04= 113 (Kus) © oy rea sual cot= rte cot-frocmmest cot + enrying cost + wre, cos. we0o(B ro cro 22a) 2d 10000 2 aatos(gr20) olf) 10 i = 100nco + as + 494 430 = Reo? [ABE] $s of 30000 units only. Tis dependent on te sipply of input muerals and. on supply from ie, The sappy of ip mee esc 0 30) ans per day. The merabe produce ae Bo wae pe. Cai te economic It ik he cos af ud mas Re 50 ene ctr ete 2088 acs the parton ces up ext sR, 5100. MN 7 PO oor na es Lagek wie cs ag tous Se Sov ae ne ese ppreeee es Steen ee mre : SF Winrtasas of sea pian oie Te ie te poten ae lo ee, aun tw ‘Solution. ‘The problem is elated with unity dicount, We shoul ose Har’ formula Pm = 0g 2 z ee Pm Ordering ct pr Ow Re. 19 1D anol demand or consuntin = 25100 wnt pe Yer {Cm unk co cr purchase pice (ail wih x sz) Has te 5000 uit Bae leBocas the resan alr D500 alte vibe of Clee i sae rngh 0 is ti yi 0 500 is (5 SEEMS Esti Toy Conny HO poe a ie CS Oe SRE et nan cus ler PEC acer mn so 1008 The ‘tana len R10 ger Oder of po BO tt Re 9.80 per wnt for ert erceing #00 and elow 2500 oad [R950 for oes of 2500 or move ‘Wk ot from fit gaps the cot ering unt. Solution. Tis protien is spn exe of gpantty dicount and rellonship 12.1 cam be wd E00 in which C vais with ot sins wo be pred 0 glen P= Re 50 b= 10000 neoe {C Unk cost of purchase cost ole with lot size Beng phased) 1st ela Assuming lot ie lee in 1 rnge Tes than 900 ae. cone Subsinting the vale in elaon for Q aa Cana whee NET HET wi = RS. 30 for oth prion com SR 2p en SRS SD per mit yor month R53 pee tem pe month = 25 wats pr month i Cate how fen prtacion ran it made and of what sie? Solution. This blem i ned wit esnane Jo size whe tei i shonage Rody Deessnd Dee 25 vitvmocth. | © Proton et vp con Pee ge hap Po of Prodoction ost, Rs 2 per uit me313 ge oot hu Re 3 per ot per month, ‘Pray Hlldng cot “CH = Re 050 per unk pr mead aD (ee, id 20010) = [PP [eS Pixise, rr0s ae OS a spas = wits o ‘rican le Une & x24 monns (an); [x cea aa To spy 10000 paper ones pe ayo a Wesel He Fo a, esa Podacton ron he can produce 200 paper cones pe day. THe os of bling» paper ine nk for ene year 2 pe and eset op com of & production nn ie Re How Gacy Jone roducionnm be mais (Det Ut, Com 1986; ICWA, Der 193) ‘Solon. The scone lot sine i ghey by the relion sas me 2 ira Se ide Ser PRESET - ‘s\n onan me wf) sm — of314 dem ra Te 10000 nits per year On the basis ofthis production aod demand tte, ‘tenant sine fom the fllowing cout dan 5 Cit = Res 05 Set pot er = Res 39 x ‘Solution. Given : Aone Bon 1. (a) Ean ABC seals diet cr (et, atk (6) Dusemine he connie gan Kore poet wos seg ly cng a 0 eich athe 030 tener ary re Re 020. Co cing mi Seis Rel Assia te weg ys tyr 300, on te sn ee (Gee, Be gg 1989 Dee 1 2.) Wht is Conan Oder Qui? Dave he fora fe BD hens ge owe eK Blok Moy (0) fu of of pica mal rm ss 20 oie. Cot png nd sng a SR Gaede oie a cote crying ery pene Os “0 Teco cen ey, We atte ed on eee oder poi, (UK, BI 6 Si 3. Wate nats inc cre? Wht tp ot i bec coals (Gh Wit i eto let Deel ie lato fr sonra tem he shag ‘nc Ui, Bich Sh dom, ss De 4 Wak ee a co dh ein? {9 A cory ser two psp #6 mm aed 150 lin fe of tema Pr The een Sch an he leone incre pang od ving ‘iminium Rt 8 pce Fader Ean re Qn hd eure es (PIU Bech 7 som, 5. () Ma we te objective of neon cnt? Deve ae exestion fet Bon Or ey (2 Ente poor! seed ABC mn Th element a pre ho ory 0 wi pe yea. The proc cos Rs 1 (kr a ect pe pn Re 100. Th Coa of ear venay 10% Deere SO (UCU, Rich 7h Sm, 185; Dee (6 Aton compo te af 2.0000 wis pty ad ie cay ree $00.0 e AWARD nnn a. Pere The post conse er ned en crying int 208 of a co por a A ‘eget aD yr er ar at ps Re SN twp ed pan (OCU. RSE Eng. 8 Se 9 . € i ee a © .