Eutrophication Modelling

Steve Chapra
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Tufts University

22 June 2012
 LAKE2K
! Physics
! Heat balance
! Thermal stratification
! Water quality
 LAKE2K

Build it and they will come

WHY PHYSICS IS IMPORTANT
If physics is wrong, you never
know if chemistry and biology
are correct
! Water balance
! Have you accounted for all water?
! Residence time
! Heat balance
! All reactions are temperature dependent
! Stratification and vertical mixing
 L2K
PHYSICAL MODEL
Qp Qe
A0
Qout
epi (1) H1
Qin
Temp
cond A1
meta (2) H2
H
A2

hypo (3)
H3
HYPSOGRAPHIC CALCULATIONS

4.50E+05 7.00E+06
4.00E+05 6.00E+06
3.50E+05
5.00E+06
3.00E+05
2.50E+05 4.00E+06

2.00E+05 3.00E+06
1.50E+05
2.00E+06
1.00E+05
5.00E+04 1.00E+06

0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

Area (m2) Volume (m3)

 TEMPERATURE
MODELING
ANALOGY BETWEEN MASS AND HEAT:
COFFEE MASS BALANCE HEAT BALANCE

extensive sugar mass heat

intensive sweetness concentration temperature

lumps M H
relationship c= T=
cup V CpV
 L2K HEAT BALANCE
Surface Heat
Precipitation Exchange
Heat inflow

Heat
outflow
Heat
inflow
Temp
cond
 SURFACE HEAT
EXCHANGE
radiation terms mass-dependent terms

air-water
interface

solar atmospheric water conduction evaporation

shortwave longwave longwave and and
radiation radiation radiation convection condensation

net absorbed radiation water-dependent terms

 WHAT YOU NEED???
(METEOROLOGICAL DATA)
Air Dew Point
Temperature Temperature

J = J sn + (Tair + 273.15 )
4
( A + 0.031 e ) (1 - R )
air L

- (Ts + 273.15 )4 - c1 f (U w )(Ts - Tair ) - f (U w )(es - eair )

Solar
(Cloud Cover) Wind
Speed
 CONVERSIONS

AirWaterContentConverter
CALIBRATING THE
LAKE2K
PHYSICAL MODEL
WATER COLUMN KINETICS

h o
cp cd sod
x
s
o
h n dn
no na nn d r
rnc zc
s e
g
r
s rpc rnc rca zh
ran e
mi g
h p r
s ap rca
po pi rap
s s
rpc o
 CALIBRATING THE
LAKE2K
WATER QUALITY MODEL
CALIBRATION STRATEGY
! Get temperature right first
(by adjusting vertical mixing)
! Then, inorganic suspended solids
(by adjusting ISS settling velocity)
! Water Quality
! Phytoplankton
! Herbivorous zooplankton
! Carnivorous zooplankton
! Inorganic phosphorus