Practical Cross-Eye Jamming

26 August 2009

Warren du Plessis
wduplessis@csir.co.za
Overview

Platform self-protection
What is cross-eye jamming?
Traditional and new theory
Laboratory experiments
Implementation
Why academic work?

Slide 2 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Platform Self-Protection
RSA role
- peace support
RSA part of Africa
RSA superpower in Africa
- need to protect ourselves
Threat
- modern technology available
formal military forces
mercenaries
Somali pirates have radar
- new threats
a few weeks
Effect
- AA-7 Apex: contributed to SAAF
withdrawal from Angola
- SS-N-2 Styx: no countermeasure

Slide 3 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

What is Cross-Eye Jamming?

Glint
- angular error
- naturally occuring
- interaction of scatterers
- countermeasures
frequency agility
Cross-eye jamming
- recreate the worst case of glint
- countermeasures
NOT frequency agility
leading-edge tracking
Others?

Slide 4 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Traditional Analysis

Reuse glint analysis

- types
phase-front
linear fit
others
- equivalent
Limitations
- approximations
amplitude
nonlinearities
- Implementation

Slide 5 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

New Analysis

Considers all aspects

- signal amplitude and phase
- transmission and reception
- retrodirective implementation
Conclusions
- jammer antennas
- conical scan
- larger error
shorter ranges
infinite error

Slide 6 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Laboratory Measurements (1)

Slide 7 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Laboratory Measurements (2)

Slide 8 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Laboratory Measurements (3)

UP Compact Range
- anechoic chamber
Radar measurements
- radar transmits and receives
- monopulse radar
Very high SNR
- high isolation
- LNAs
- high-gain jammer
Validate new theory
- jammer antennas
- conical scan
- larger error

Slide 9 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Laboratory Measurements (4)

Slide 10 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Laboratory Measurements (5)

Slide 11 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Laboratory Measurements (6)

Slide 12 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Laboratory Measurements (7)

Slide 13 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Laboratory Measurements (8)

Slide 14 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Implementation (1)

Need good matching

- easy for jammer to become beacon
- retrodirective array
Need high gain and power
- signals largely cancel
- requires high isolation
Compete with skin return
- need to pull off

Slide 15 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Implementation (2)

Slide 16 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Implementation (3)

Retrodirective array

Slide 17 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Implementation (4)

Retrodirective cross-eye jammer

Slide 18 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Implementation (5)

DRFMs
- two matched/calibrated channels
- retrodirective connection
- normally: DRFMs
- pull off
More channels
- higher array gain
- potentially relaxed tolerances

Slide 19 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Future work

Implementation
- DRFM technology
- capacity
Multiple jammer loops
- initial work done
Countermeasures
- local industries
International co-operation
- Italy: demonstrated
- Sweden: measured over sea

Slide 20 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Academic Work

Publications
- review process
- prove quality of work
- marketing
- sensitive information
secret
exploitable IP
Studies
- access to university
expertise
facilities
students
- scientific rigour
- external examiners
- staff development

Slide 21 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Summary

Need to protect our platforms

- Cross-eye jamming suitable for one type of threat
Cross-eye jamming
- better theoretical understanding
- laboratory measurements
- implementation possible
Academic work
- marketing
- scientific rigour

Slide 22 CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za

Thank you