Ti liu hng dn s dng my TEMS Investigation & Cch x l i vi li

TEMS Investigation
A.Gii thiu v TEMS Investigation
I.Gii thiu chung
TEMS Investigation l mt cng c kim tra, pht hin cc bn tin trn giao din v
tuyn theo thi gian thc. N cho php bn gim st cc knh thoi cng nh truyn
data trn GPRS, EDGE, chuyn mch knh (CSD) hay cc kt ni chuyn mch tc
cao (HSCSD). Cc phin data c th c qun lt trong TEMS Investigation.
TEMS Investigation c trang b cng vi cc chc nng kim tra u vitnh cc
phn tch v x l.D liu c xem xt trong thi gian thc. iu ny to cho
TEMSInvestigation c th c cc bui drive test cho khc phc s c, ng b
trngthi,.. Tt c d liu c th c lu trong logfile cho mc ch x l.I
II.Ci t
1.Yu cu cu hnh
PC: Pentium III 800 MHz, 256 MB RAM
Ports: USB port for hardware key. USB port for Nokia mobile. Two serial ports for
a TEMS mobile (one for TEMS Investigation and one for dataservices). One serial
port for any other external device. Graphics: 1024 _ 768 (SVGA) with at least 16 bit
colors (High Color) Sound card and loudspeakers for event audio indications o
cho nhiu MS th cn my cu hnh mnh hn. 2.0 GHz Pentium IIIwith 512 MB
RAM..Windows XP, 512 MB RAM
2.Ci t
Ci TEMS Investigation:- Double-click the file TEMS Investigation GSM 5.0.msi.-
Coppy cc file trong folder Aladin vo th mc:
C:\WINDOWS\system32\Setup\aladdin.
Ci HASP1. Install HASPEmulPE-XP_2_33_a002W.EXE2. Run HASPkey.exe,
enter your name & click generate. haspemul.regwill be created.3. Double click
haspemul.reg and confirm with "Yes".4. Double click investigation50.reg and
confirm with "Yes".
Running TEMS Investigation 5 HASP Emulator1. Double click "HASP Emulator"
icon.2. Click "HASP Emul" button (the top-left button inside HASPEmulator's
window).
Ci USB driver
Update BIOS: chy file setup vi lu trong qu trnh update khngc ri mt
ngun AC (c file gi km theo).
3.Chy chng trnh
Chy HASP:Start _Programs _ HASP Emulator PE V2.33_ HASP Emulator
PEV2.33
Chy TEMSStart _Programs _ TEMS Products _ TEMS Investigation GSM 5.0I I I .
Kt ni
1.Giao din ca TEMS Investigation

Workspace and Worksheet

Thc th lu tt c cc ca s v thit lp ngi s dng trong phin lm vic gi l
workspace. Ch c th m duy nht 1 workspace timt thi im. qun l cc
ca s lm vic ca bn thun li, bn c th chia workspace ca bn thnh vi
worksheet. C th ti 10 worksheets c th lm lm vic ng thi.
Toolbar
Chc nng ch yu ca tt c cc thanh cng c c th c s dng. Hu ht cc nt
cng c c phn nh trn menus.
Navigator
T Navigator, bn c th m cc ca s trnh din, thay i khongmu cho cc n
v thng tin v qun l cc worksheet. Navigator c s dng cho vic thit lp ti
bc u tin ca mt phin lm vic.
Menu Bar
Menu phn nh hu ht cc thanh cng c.
Status Bar
Thanh Status biu din k t v bn tin ch ra trng thi hin thi ca ng dng.
Mt s thao tc vi bn ghi
1 . Bt u ghi Click biu tng Start Recording trn Record toolbar bt u ghi
d liu.Hp thoi xut hin s yu cu tn bn ghi v ni lu tr
OK.
2 . Dng bn ghiClick Stop Recording trn Record toolbar. Logfile s c ng.
3. Mt s thao tc vi m li mt bn ghiM li mt logfile ghi c thc hin
bng Replay toolbar u tin m file ghi bng vic kch vo Open, chn n
logfile m.(ng bn ghi bng vic kch vo )Kch PlayDng vic chy li bn
ghiChy li bn ghi theo tng bcChy nhanh bn ghiTua li bn ghi ng bn ghi
Giao din ngi dng1.Ch ngi dng
Ch driving test Thng tin trnh din trn mn hnh c c t thit b ngoi.
Trongch ny bn c th ghi cc bn ghi mi.
Ch phn tchThng tin trnh din c c t logfile. Trong ch ny bn c
thkim tra v phn tch
Lu
Phi ng cc logfile trc khi kt ni vi cc thit b ngoi.
m c logfile phi ngt cc kt ni ngoi.
2 .Toolbar
2.1Equipment control toolbar
danh sch lu tt c cc thit b c kh nng kt ni. Biu din nhim v hin thi
ca thit b c la chn trong danh sch. Indentify Equitment: Qut cc cng
COM tm thit b c kh nng kt ni Add Equitment: C kh nng thm thit b
th cng Delete Equitment: Ngt kt ni ngoi Connect: Kt ni cc thit b ngoi
trong danh schDisconect: Ngt cc kt ni cc thit b ngoi trong danh sch
Start/stop mt scan.Measurement Settings: Thit lp mt scan Redial: Quay li cuc
gi gn nhtDisable Handover: ngn cn mi HOLock on channel: p MS bt vo 1
knh, p HO ti 1 knh c th.Reset: Idle mode: Reset chc nng Lock on channel;
dedicated mode:Reset chc nng disable HO v force HO.Equipment property: Thit
lp ng thi cc c tnh ca MS/GPS.
2.2 Connections Toolbar
Connect all Disconect all
2.3 Record Toolbar
Start/stop Recording: Pause/Resume RacordingSwap logfile: ng logfile hin ti v
ghi bn ghi mi.
2.4 Report toolbarGenerate report:
to ra bo co t 1 hay 1 vi logfile.
Generate report KPI: to ra bo co KPI t mu KPI
2.5 File and view toolbar
New workspace open workspace Save workspace Print : In ca s la chn Print
preview
Mt s ca s lm vic mc nh ca TEMS Investigation.
Trong mi trng lm vic ca TEMS Investigation c chia ra lm nhiu
Worksheet khc nhau cho cc mc ch lm vic khc nhau. Ta c th ng bt
ccca s trong cc Worksheet ny, cng nh ta c th thm cc ca s mong mun
vocc Worksheet ny bng cch: vo Presentation chn i tng mun hin th.
Sauy l mt vi Worksheet chnh:

Worksheet ny a cho ta thng s c bn nht ca cc thng tin v tuyn mang

GSM nh: thng s cell serving v neighbour, cc tham s trn giao din v
tuyn,thng s v knh v tuyn ang x dng hay cc biu c bn biu th
Rxlevel,Rxqual, SQI

2.DATA
y l worksheet m t cc thng s dnh cho truyn d liu nh: knh v tuyn s
dng, loi CS cho GPRS hay EDGE, thng tin d liu u vo, tc truyn d
liu
3.SIGNALLING

Wordsheet ny m t ch yu cc cc s kin trn giao din v tuyn, i cng vi n

l cc bn tin lp 3 trn giao din Um.
4.MAP

Ca s ny hin th cc kt qu o mong mun hin th nh Rxlevel, rxqual,

thay i hay iu chnh i tng hin th, kch Add/Edit Theme chnh sa.
thun tin cho qu trnh i o th d liu v bn l cn thit. Do cn thit phi
tp hp nhng d liu v bn nh bn .
M bn Trong ca s Worksheet Map, kch vo Layer Control: Hp thoi Layer
control xut hin, chn Add, ch n bn cn hin th, OK, chn automatic layer,
OK
5.CONFIGURATION
Worksheet ny c mt s ca s cho nhn din s kin, m thanh cho s kin v Ca
s nhn din cell. l cellfile.5 . 1
Cellfile
L mt file c nh dng *.cell, bao gm cc thng s m t ca cell nh tn cell,
kinh , v ca cell, MCC, MNC, LAC, CI (cell serving v neighbour), azimuth.
T cc thng s o c ca MS, TEMSInvestigation chuyn i mt s thng s
trong tng ng vi cc thng tin trn Cellfile v hin th trn mn hnh.
Hnh 2: M t cu trc cellfile
To Cellfile: c th dng nhiu phn mm khc nhau to ra cellfile nh: Exert,
Mcom2001.
Load cellfile vo TEMS:View
Navagator
General
Cellfile Load, ch n cellfile cn loadvo TEMS,
OK
M cellfile ( c th chnh sa cellfile lun trong TEMS):Trong Worksheet
Configuration, trong Cell Definition chn open, ch nCellfile mun m.
6.CONTROL
worksheet ny ta c mt s ca s iu kin, nhng quan trng nht l ca
sComman Sequence (thit lp cho ch o thoi)
B . T H I T B O V T H T C O D R I V E T E S T 1.
1. i Drivetest phi cn t nht 2 ngi, mt li xe v mt k s Drive test. Ngi
li xe phi cn hiu c ng ph v cu trc ca khu vc cn o, v nh vy li
xe c th cung cp thng tin v tuyn ng c th v cung cp nhng thng tin c
th thay i.
2. Thit b Drive_test v cc ngun h tr
2.1 Thit b Drive_test
Thit b Drive_test gm c:
Mt phn mm o c (TEMs Investigation) v mt my tnh sch tay
Mt in thoi di ng test (T610 Ericsson)
Mt GPS
Ngun in cung cp (c ni vi Acqui ca xe chuyn i in thnh
220V cho my tnh v GPS)
Cp d liu
2.2 Cc ngun h tr
t phi c ngun lm vic n nh v ac qui hot ng tt
Mt bn ng ph cho php nh hng ng i
V tr ca Site v cu hnh chi tit, c th trn cc bn ring r hoc trn bn c
th ch ra Azimuth, titls, cao v cc thng s cn thch hp khc S ng i,
bao gm c bn ng ph v hng ch dn
Mt simcard test
Cellfile
Even Log m k s c th ghi ch cc s kin v thi gian a im m c th nh
hng n chnh xc ca php o (v d nh i trong ng ngm cu cao),nhng
thng tin ny c th s dng cho vic phn tch li sau ny
3.Th tc o
3.1 Cc th tc chun b
ng i phi c xc inh cn thn trc khi thc hin, ng i l nh
nhau trong sut qu trnh ti u. Cc im sau phi c cn nhc khi ln k hoc
o Khong thi gian ti a cho mi cluster l 4h. s cuc gi >=200 c th
cung cp mt s liu ng tin cy. ng i phi bao gm tt c cc Cells ca mt
cluster. Nu c th ng i phi c ln k hoch c th i c
handover c 2 chiu t nht tt c cc tuyn ng chnh phi c o. ng i
vo cc vng m khng c trn bn s c th khng cn thit o Trc khi Drive
test c tin hnh tt c cc thng tin bao gm cao, gc v hng anten phi
c kim tra li. Nhng vn v ci t phi c gii quyt trc khi
thc hin php o. Cc site cha hot ng cn phi c lu v nu cn thit c
th hon li php o vthay i tuyn ng
3.2 Ci t thit b
Cc li ngt ngun trong php o c th sinh ra li d liu khi tin hnh php o. V
mc ch ngn nga cc hin tng trn phi m bo rng my tnh xch tay,
in thoi test v GPS phi c np in. Kim tra tt c cc kt ni vi ngun
an ton cha v b chuyn ikhng b qu ti.
H thng Anten c s dng v v tr anten c th thay i:
1. o mc tn hiu trn ng hoc kim tra mc tn hiu cho trc, Anten phi
c t trn noc ca xe khng gn hn 45 cmt bt c cnh no. Nu chiu cao ca
xe ln hn 1.8 m, th c th t Anten trn np y my t v khng gn hn cnh
no 45 cm v cch knh chn gi l 1m.
2. o c tnh trong xe Anten c th t mt v tr c nh ngang u li xe Mt
qui tc rt quan trng cn phi nh l gi cho cc thit b o c n nh sut
qu trnh o. iu ny m bo cho mt kt qu chnh xc. Kim tra tt c cc kt ni
m bo rng phn mm o c kt ni vi cc thit b. Kim tra xem phn
mm o c th thu c cc bn tin lp ba v cc php o khc t MS hay khng.
Ci t ch cuc gi theo th tc sau khi o bench marking l thi gian thit lp
cuc gi l 90s, ch 25s v lp li Lu logfile vo v tr qui nh trn my tnh vi
nh dng MMDDYY_Name.
3.3 Qu trnh kim tra
Bi v khi khi ng xe s c mt xu hng lm st in th acqui do
sinh ra li hiu in th trn hu ht cc Inverter. Do vy cn phi gi xe
chy lin tc trong sut qu trnh cno.Tin hnh thc hin o ti mt tc
xe c nh nu c th nhng khng qu 60km/h.Khong thi gian di
dng li cn c ghi ch bi v c th sinh ra trn mt vng mt kt
qusai lch c th rt tt cng c th rt xu.Trong sut qu trnh o, k s
nn quan st bn ngoi xem xt li (sai fio, mc tnhiu thp, ci t
Antena hoc vt chn) v ni no cn thit th ghi ch li kim tra
li.m bo rng logfile c bt u v kt thc khi MS trng thi ri;
iu ny ngn nga s thng k sai.
II. Drivetest
C 2 ngun c th cho mt k s s dng gim st mng li, bng
di y s th hin li u im cng nh nhc im ca 2 ngun ny.
c im Chi ph hiu qu Phm vi vt l Field Testmeasurement th hin
mt ci nhn ca khch hng mc tiu v cht lng mng ph hp cho
phn tch i th
Tiu tn nhiu thigian
Trong mt vnggii hn_ tt cho xc n cc vn xc nh c l hng
vng ph NMS/OMCCho php la chn d liu tp trung.
Thng tin lin tc,c ch cho gim st.
Mt cch hiu qu qun l cht lng mng
V tr gii hn- c th xc nh ccvn trong tng cell.
Trong qu trnh trc khi a vo khai thc, s lng cc thu bao nh nn
vic thu c cc thng k t t NMS l khng ng k. Tuy nhin cc
thng bo khc ca NMS nh Equipment Alarm l rt hu ch pht hin
cc vn c th v cng cung cp cu tr li cho c tnh mng c tm
thy trong Drivetest. Ngoi ra cn c ngun d liu c ly t cc thng
bo Measurement Report c ly t MS v cc o c ng ln c ly
t BTS khi knh c kch hot. Acalter RMS v Ericson MRR l 2 h
thng c th cung cp su hn v cc vn nh la chn d liu nh
Timing Advance Distribution, S phn b ca tn hiu trn ng xung v
ng ln, s phn b RxQual v s gim bt hoc iu khin cng sut,
cc d liu ny c th c biu din ring r hoc kt hp vi nhau
pht hin ra vn . V d nh RxQual vRxLev v th ch ra c vn
vng nhiu do mc tn hiu thp hoc do k hoc n nh tn s km
1.nh dng tuyn ng kim tra
Nhm s xc nh tuyn ng cho nhm kho st, nhng tuyn ng ny
nn nht qun v nn xem trc ch vi thng hoc nhng vng c kh nng
thay i
V d s thay i gm c: tch hp site mi,cc nh cao tng mi xy dng,
nhng con ng mi. i Drivetest nn iu khin php o tun theo
hng dn k hoch v nhng tuyn ng c xc nh.Cc i nn ghi
ch li nhng vn v thit b v cc s kin khng bnh thng khc(sai
phi ) v thng bo n cc i tng ng. Nu cc vn c sa cha
ngay ti im , i o nn tin hnh tip tc drive test, nu khng th
php o phi c hon li vo ngy khc.
2.Kt ni thit b
m bo qu trnh o kim c chnh xc v thun tin th qu trnh
kt ni my tnhvi cc thit b ngoi phi c kim tra k lng.
2.1 Kt ni thit b Kt ni my tnh vi my TEMS Investigation v GPS.
m bo qu trnh kt ni cc thit b nh TEMS, GPS vi my tnh.
Chng ta nn tun th theo cc bc sau:
Kt ni my TEMS Investigation Sony Erricson T610
Kch biu tng Add Equipment
Xut hin hp thoi:chn cng cm thit b v chn T610
kch OK ng ca s ny.Kch vo biu tng CONNEC kt ni my
TEMS.
Kt ni GPS HOLUX
Cch lm tng t nh trn, Kch biu tng Add Equipment
Xuthin hp thoi:chn cng cm thit b v chn NMEA 0183

kch OK ng ca s ny.Kch vo biu tng CONNEC kt ni my

GPS.
Mt cch khc kt ni cho tt c cc loi thit b cng lc:
Click vo biu tng Identify Equipment trn toolbar Equipment Control.
Mt hp thoi c tn l Port Properties s xut hin, chn tt c cc cng
kt ni vi thit b
OK.My tnh s scan cc cng cc thit b c kh nng.
Click Connect All trn Connections toolbar kt ni tt c cc thit b.
Lu :
Tuy nhin do qu trnh kt ni cc thit b thng xy ra xung t gia cc
thit bvi nhau khi kt ni ng thi, do khng nn s dng phng
thc ny ktni.
2.2 Ngt kt ni MS, GPS
Click Disconnect All trn Connections toolbar ngt tt c cc kt ni vi
my tnh (TEMS v GPS)
Click Disconnect trn Connections toolbar ngt kt ni mun chn.
3.Ghi d liu (logfile)
Qu trnh i o kim tra c chia lm mc ch khc nhau. Ngoi
nhng li c th pht hin ngay khi o th qu trnh phn tch, tng hp d
liu cng nh cc bo co thu c t ton b kt qu o l rt quan trng.
Do , qu trnh ghi d liu l rt quantrng.
Kch vo biu tng Start Recording bt u ghi kt qu o, chn ni
bn ghi v tn ca bn ghi.
Kch vo biu tng Stop recording kt thc bn ghi.
Lu :
Trong qu trnh ghi d liu o, nu v mt nguyn nhn no my tnh b
mt kt nivi thit b, hay bn ghi b dng th logfile vn c lu n
thi im b mt kt ni. Do chng ta s thc hin ghi tip bng mt
logfile mi
(khng c ghi nn logfilec)
4.Thit lp ch ghi
Ty thuc vo mc ch o khc nhau m chng ta c cc ch ghi khc
nhau.
4.1 o vng ph
o c vng ph chnh xc ca cc cell th cn ghi d liu trong ch
Idle mode (MS ri).
4.2 o ch thoi
thu c cc php o trong ch mt cch chnh xc v y th cn
thit lp tuyn ng i c c 2 hng. Thng s thit lp cho ch
thoi l 90s thoi, 25s ngh v lp li.
Thit lp ch o:
Trong Worksheet Control ca TEMS Investigation chn ca s Command
Sequence, kch vo biu tng Add thit lp:
Ca s Add Command xut hin, chn theo cc ch dn di y:
Tip tc chn thi gian ch 90s:
Chn kt thc cuc gi
Chn thi gian ngh

Sau khi thit lp ta c Command sequence nh hnh sau:

Nh vy ta thit lp xong ch t ng quay s ca MS. bt u

cho MS t ngquay s, kch vo biu tng
Start(mu xanh) bt u ch quay s, v kch vo biu tng
Stop(mi tn mu ) dng ch quay s, a MS v ch Idle
mode(ri).
4.3 o kt hp
kt hp nh gi c v vng ph cng nh trong cht lng thoi,
chuyngiao ta c th t nhiu ch quay khc nhau. Ta c th t MS
gi trong 60s th kt thc, ngh trong 60s ri li gi. (Ch thit lp nh
trn).
5.Mt s li thng gp trong qu trnh o
5.1 Sai CSDL

Sai CSDL dn n rt nhiu li ko theo nh thiu neighbour, sai mc ch

vng ph, Do khi i o cn c bit lu ti vn ny. Nhng li
thng gp l: sai ta (i n ta trn bn nhng khng c trm, hay khi
n trm ta hin th sai lch trn bn s).
5.2 Sai feeder
Sai feeder c cp: y l li kh thng gp v d nhn bit: khi my ang v tr
cell ny li bt c sng ca cell kia, cng tn hiu gia knh BCCH (lc Idle
mode) v trn knh TCH (lc thoi) kh n nh
Sai feeder theo tng si: y l mt li kh nhy cm, khi i o cn lu
n cng tn hiu ca MS khi thoi: cng tn hiu trn knh BCCH
v TCH s chnh lch nhau rt nhiu, trong ch thoi MS lin tc
Handover intracell gia tn BCCH v TCH
5.3 Thiu Neighbor
y l li 2 cell c vng ph chng ln nhau nhng khng c khi mi
quan h vi nhau dn n khng c quan h chuyn giao vi nhau mang n cho
MS khng c phc v tt nht.
5.4 Vng ph
Vng ph l mt vn quan trng trong mng, nhng li nh mc sai
anten, tilt, azimuth, saifeeder u c th a n vng ph khng mong mun

Vng ph ca HYN0043 qu xa, gy nh hng ln ti phn b lu lng

v nh hng nhiu n trm khc, cn c bin php nh: cp tilt, h cao
anten
Trong hnh v trn c th thy vng ph ca HDG0951 l rt km, cn kim
tra ngay mt s nguyn nhn sau: li ti trm, lp sai g anten, sai hng
azimuth, tilt qu cp v a ra bin php x l ngay.
5.5 Nhiu
S suy gim cht lng mng gy ra bi nhiu ln v cht lng ti c
th bao gm :
Cht lng thoi ti cng tng
Tc chuyn i trong GPRS gim vi s ln truyn li tng ln
Rt cuc gi tng
Chuyn giao khng thnh cng v rt chuyn giao tng ln
S ln thit lp cuc gi khng thnh cng tng Ngun nhiu chnh l
nhng cell bn trong cng mt mng v do thng thng c th iu
khin c v c th loi b hon ton bi ngi vn hnh. Cc mng khc
c cng k thut theo bi k thut khc nhau v cng bng tn l nhng
ngun nhiu thm vo vi mt mc thp hn.Pht hin nhiu t logfile
Drivetest l mt iu g d nhng Log Drive test thng thng khng
xc nh c r rng ngun nhiu. Mt s v d t php o drivetest c
ch ra di y
 trong hnh trn, c th thy rng trong phn trc khi handover th nht c
nhiu neighbor c thng bo xung quanh mc tn hiu, iu ny ch ra
rng thiu mt cell vt tri. Nhiu handover din ra trong mt khong
ngn vi mt s r rng l do nhiu (bi v tiu chun power budget- HO
d tr l khong 3dB- khng t ti). Mt s phng php c th ci
thin tnh trng nhiu:

Thay i tn s trn cell phc v hoc/ v ngun nhiu.

Dowtilt ngun nhiu trong trng hp b trn ra qu nhiu.
Tng cng sut ca cell phc v v hoc gim cng sut pht ca ngun
nhiu.
Tin hnh iu khin cng sut, nhy tn hoc pht gin on
5.6 Nhm lung
y l li 2 trm c load d liu ngc cho nhau. Li ny nhn bit bng
cch khi n trm mun o li thu c thng s ca trm khc, thiu rt nhiu
relation .
5.7 Li card
y l li kh nhy cm, n c hin tng sau: c thit lp cuc gi, cht lng gi
ti, sng tt nhng ch s C/I rt ti.
S dng Tems K800i v phn mm TEMS Investigation 8.0.3

Mt s th tc chun b trc v trong qu trnh Drive test

Nghin cu KPI ca cc trm
ng i Drive test phi c xc nh cn thn trc khi thc hin
Trckhi Drive test c tin hnh,tt c cc thng tin bao gm
cao, gc v hng anten phi c kim tra li
Nu pht hin c s sai khc trong Cellfiles phi cp nht li
Trong sut qu trnh o k s nn quan st bn ngoi xem xt li (sai
feeder, Rxlev thp, nhiu, lp t sai Antena hoc vng ph c vt chn) v
ni no cn thit th ghi ch kim tra li Kt ni my oTems pocket vi
phn mm TEMS Invest
Kimtra kt ni COM port
Kt ni my o Tems pocket vi phn mm TEMS Invest
Chy trng trnh Tems Invest, chn Tab Ctrl&Config ti khung
Equipment Configuration kch vo biu tng Ra hp thoi mi

Kt ni my o Tems pocket vi phn mm TEMS Invest

Kch vo biu tng kt ni
Kt ni my o Tems pocket vi phn mm TEMS Invest
Kt ni thit b bn ngoi: kt ni n mt thit b n bn ngoi, chng
ta chn thit b cn kt ni trong Combo box ca Equipment Control
toolbar (MS, GPS,)sau chn biu tng kt ni
Mt s thao tc c bn khi s dng:

Lu Logfiles Ktni TEMS mobile vi PC qua cng COM (hay USB).

Kt ni tt c thit b (GPS, Mobile). Ngt kt ni tt c thit b Ngng qu
trnh ghi Logfiles.Dngghi/ tip tc ghi. M Logfiles/ ng Logfiles.Chy
logfiles. Chy tng bc Chy logfiles vi tc cao.To Report thng
k, bo co Thng tin v Cell c th kim sot li v ti u vng ph
cho cc trm cn cung cp choTEMS Investigation cc d liu bao gm
Cellfile, Site Name,bn s vng cn o kim Cellfile Load Load
Cellfile cho TEMS chng ta thao tc nh sau:
T giao din Control ca TEMS kch p tri chut vo ca s Cellfile load

Chui lnh Chui lnh c s dng TEMS t ng test dch v thoi cng
nh dch v data. N cho php chng ta ghi li tt c cc lnh m sau ny
s dng li trong sut qu trnh o Driving test Chui lnh c xy dng
v chy trn ca s chui lnh (Command Sequence) trong mc Control ca
Navigator Chui lnh

To Report t log files T mt hoc nhiu logfiles chng ta c th to ra

Reportvi nh dng HTML m n c tng hp t thng tin ca
Logfiles vi mc ch to ra bn tin thng k v cc thng s ca mng
Mt s im cn ch khi to Report: Khng c m logfile trong khi
ang to Report, nu c bt c logfile no c m th phi ng li Nu
c bt c thit b no.
ang kt ni phi ngt kt ni chng (Disconnect).iu ny tht s cn
thit qu trnh Report lm vic mt cch ng nhn To Report t
logfiles chun b Report logfile, kch chut vo Generate Report Report
toolbar,hp thoi bn di xut hin u tin ta chn mt hoc nhiu
logfile m bn cn Report, Kch chut vo Add V chn Browse ca
Logfiles mun Report.Tip theo cn ch r th mc li ra m Report s c
to ra.
- Sau kch chut vo Properties la chn ni dung cn Report. Ca s
LogReport Properties xut hin
.

Tab Threshold Values (Gi tr ngng)

Cc gi tr ngng ny c th thay i tu theo yu cu ca tng mng Trong Tab
Threshold Values, chng ta c th loi b hay la chn nhng thnh phn thng tin cn
thit to Report

1 Drivetest
1.1 K hoch kho st kim tra
Nhm RNP t chc cc i v cc thit b tin hnh kho st o c, bi v hnh
ng ny tiu tn rt nhiu thi gian, do c th phi thm nhn lc. Trong trng
hp ny nhm RNP s hng dn i kho st c th tp trung nhiu hn vo phn
tch cc kt qu php o
1.2 nh dng tuyn ng kim tra
Nhm s xc nh tuyn ng cho nhm kho st, nhng tuyn
ng ny nn nht qun v nn xem trc ch vi thng hoc nhng vng
c kh nng thay i V d s thay i gm c: tch hp site mi, cc nh cao tng
mi xy dng, nhng con ng mi. Trong trng hp c thm ngi tin hnh
php o. RNP nn a ra mt form yu cu php o vi bn km theo.
1.3 La chn php o
i Drivetest nn iu khin php o tun theo hng dn k hoch v
nhng tuyn ng c xc nh bi RNP. Cc i nn ghi ch li nhng vn v
thit b v cc s kin khng bnh thng khc(sai phi ) v thng bo n
cc i tng ng. Nu cc vn c sa cha ngay ti im , i o
nn tin hnh tip tc drivetest, nu khng th php o phi c hon li vo
ngy khc.
2. Phn tch d liu
S phn tch ca nhm Drivetest s cho php nhm RNP c th
quyt nh c tnh mng, pht hin ra cc vn v khuyn co thay i ci thin
mng.
kt ni tt c cc ngun ca d liu l rt cn thit c mt skim tra
hon chnh ca cc giai on mng lui sau ny. Phn ny m tmt s li
thng thng c tm thy trong mng li v cch gii quyt.
2.1 Khng th xc nh c hoc thiu Neighbor
Vn ny c lit k u tin bi v cc triu chng c th ging vi cc
vn ny nh c nu phn sau. Mt v d ca vic chn on nhm ca vic
thiu Neighbour l khi Drivetest ch ra rng mc tn hiu ri xung di mc
ch tiu. V iu ny c ch ra l c vn v vng ph. Do tt hn l
phn tch d liu Drive test cho vic thit handover trc khi tin hnh cc th tc
khc.Trc khi xem qua cc v d v chn on thiu handover, phi ch rng
iu khin cng sut c kch hot trn kt ni hin ti hay khng. i u
khin cng sut s c nh hng n mc tn hiu o c c th
khng c thc hin vi BTS ti mc cng sut ti a do n c th
sosnh vi mc tn hiu neighbor c thng bo chng lun c pht i bi BTS
ti mt mc c nh. i u n y c t h c t h c h i n b i v i c k i m t r a
c c t h n g s c a Cell trong OMC, Drivetest hoc dng bng di y. N
s gip cho vicquyt nh kh nng no ca mc tn hiu ca kt ni hin ti
c gim i bi nh hng ca vic iu khin cng sut.

Kt ni hin ti ch s dng BCCH Khng dng iu khin cng sut

iu khin cng sut khng c Khng dng iu khin cng sut
kch hot
BCCH serving cell trong danh sch Khng dng iu khin cng sut
BA-Active v c thng bo c
RxLev linquan vi RxLev ca kt
ni (1-2dB)
Rxlev di mc tn hiu ng Nhiu kh nng khng s dng iu
xung mong mun hoc ngoi khin cng sut
khong iu khincng sut
Rxlev gn vi mc tn hiu Nhiu kh nng iu khin cng
mong mun ng xung hoc s u t c s dng
b n t r o n g c a s i u khin cng
sut ng xung
BCCH ca cel ang phc v Nhiu kh nng s dng iu
t r o n g d a n h sch BA list c k h i n c n g sut
t h n g b o c m c t n hiu ln hn
so vi Rxlev ca kt ni

C th thy trn bng trn, c nhng trng hp m khng th ni tuyt i

rng c s dng iu khin cng sut hay khng, nguyn nhn ch yu l do thc t
rng BTS khng thng bo ti MS v iu khin cng sut c s dng. Do
trong trng hp cn nghi ng, Drivetest c th cthc hin li kim tra vn
.Trong trng hp Rxlev ca cell ang phc v cng ch c thng bo
mt trong cc neighbor, khi nh s dng gi tr Rxlev ny nh hng ca
iu khin cng sut c loi b. Nu khng phi l trng hp ny v iu khin
cng sut c th c s dng ch kt ni khi Drivetest c th ra cc thao
tc thng thng. Nu Neighbor b thiu s dng tn s BCCH nh l mt phn ca
BAlist ca cell ang phc v khi vic pht hin thiu neigbor l kh d dng. Mt
v d ca iu ny c ch hnh v di y.
Kt ni hin ti ch s dng BCCH Khng dng iu khin cng sut iu khin
cng sut khng c kch hot Khng dng iu khin cng sut BCCH serving cell
trong danh sch BA-Active v c thng bo c RxLev lin quan vi RxLev ca kt
ni (1-2dB) Khng dng iu khin cng sut Rxlev di mc tn hiu ng
xungmong mun hoc ngoi khong iu khincng sut Nhiu kh nng khng s
dng iu khincng sut Rxlev gn vi mc tn hiu mong mun Nhiu kh nng
iu khin cng sut c
T hnh v ta c th thy rng kt ni trn BCCH, do t bng cho trc co th
thy rng iu khin cng sut khng c s dng. Chng ta c th thy r hn rng
MS thng bo mt mc tn hiu mnh hn mc tn hiu ang c phc v nhng
khng c s chuyn giao no xy ra vo celc cng mnh hn.V d ny ch ra
rng Cell l mt ng c cho vic missing neighbor, nhng cc bc kim tra di
y cn thit phi c tin hnh chc chn:
Kim tra nu kt hp BCCH/ BSIC c thng bo ph hp cha. Nu BSIC
khng c gii m, s dng planning tool tm ra mt cell thch hp, nu khng
c cell no c tm thy phi kim tra xem c mng no khc ang s dng tn
s ny.
Nu quan h neighbor c xc nh cho cell ng c:
Trong trng hp ny BSIC khng gii m c hoc khng lin tc th phi kim
tra xem c kh nng nhiu trn knh khng. Nu c mt BSIC khng ng tin cy
c decode, mt handover s khng c xy ra.
Kim tra xem nu cell c iu khin bn trong BSC, LAC v hoc MSC. Nu bt
k mt trong cc yu t trn l khc, th kim tra xem cc c s d liu lin quan
m bo rng cc thng tin nh dngcell v handover l xc nh ng.
Kim tra xem c nghn khng trn cel ng c. Nu n nghn, khng mt handover
no xy ra.
Kim tra thng sdisable handover cho cell ng c. Nu Handover n b kho,
MS s khng chuyn giao c ti cell
Kim tra ci t lp HCS v cc thng s thut ton handover ca cc nh cung cp
tm ra nguyn nhn c th
Kim tra s truyn dn gia cc cell ng c. Mt s nh cung cp thit k thit b
ca h tip tc truyn dn knh BCCH thm ch ngay c BTS khng c ni vi
phn cn li ca mang li. tuy nhin nu nhn sau khi drive test c th thy cell ng
c c s dng, li truyn dn c v nh khng ng. Mt yu cu thay i c th
c pht ra ch cho missing neighbor trongtrng hp sau khi kim tra cc tnh
hung trn m khng tm c nguyn nhn. Cc vn c pht hin trong qu
trnh kim tra c th c sa li nh cc change request. Nu missing neigbour s
dng tn s khng c xc nh trong BAlist khi vic pht hin thiu neighbor l
kh hn nhng vn c th xc nh c.

Trong v d ny chng ta c th thy rng mt handover n mt cellc pht hin

l mnh hn so vi cell ang phc v, tip n lp tc handover sang cell mi c
mc tn hiu ln hn c cell c v cell mi.handover ln th 2 c thc hin sang
cell mnh nht.Trong trng hp ny nn ch ra rng cell phc v ban v
cell phc v ln cui nn c quan h neighbor vi nhau. Nu quan h neigbor l
c xc nh n cell ng c, cc bc kim tra sau y nn c thc hin:

Km tra danh sch tn s o c t hoc l bn tin h thng s 5 hoc t OMC. Nu

tn s neighbor khng xut hin trong danh sch khi handover s khng xy ra
c.

Kim tra nu cell ang c iu khin trong cng BSC, LAC hoc MSC. Nu nu
tt c cc trng hp trn l khc nhau t i p k i m t r a c s d l i u l i n
q u a n m b o rng thng tin handover v nh dng cell c xc nh
ng. Nu khng c quan h c xc nh th mt yu cu thay i c th ca
ra thm missing neighbor.Trong mt s trng hp c th xo i hoc to ra mt
quan h neighbor trong trng hp c li ca cu hnh d liu OMC/BSC .

2.2 Vn v vng ph

y l mt vn tng i n gin pht hin v phn tch. Tuy nhin gii php
cho vn ny khng phi l n gin. Nguyn nhn cho tnh trng mc tn hiu thp
c nh gi cho l bi v mt nh hng ngoi ra l tn hiu thp s ko theo C/
i b gim.C/i gim gy nn cht lng thoi gim, trc tin BER c tng ln
ch ra mt im m cht lng thoi b gim v tip khi FER tng khi cc mu tn
hiu b mt tt c v dn n rt cuc gi. Nu nhiu c nh gi trc mc tn
hiu, ngi ti u c th b cun ht bi xc nh vn nh l cht lng thp v
iu chnh tn s, iu lm lng ph thi gian bi nguyn nhn thc s ca nhiu
l nhiu nhit hoc nhiu nn chng khng th b loi b bi vic thay i tn s.
Gii php gii quyt vn vng ph thp l:

Tng cng sut pht ra ca BTS hoc gim suy hao BTS.

Chnh li hng tilt hoc tng cao anten

S dng mt Repeater m rng vng ph.

Xy dng thm trm mi.Tu vo thit b ca nh cung cp, c th tng cng sut
n ti a thng qua yu cu phn mm hoc thay TRX vi cng sut cao hn. Mt
kh nng na l gim suy hao combiner hoc feeder nh s dng air combining
hoc feeder c suy hao thp. Air combining l mt khi nim m thay v s dng
filter hoc Hibrid combiner kt ni 2 TRX vi mt Anten, mt anten ring r c
s dng cho 1 TRX v do gim c 3dB n 3.5 dB suy hao. iu quan trng
phi nh rng vng ph uplink v downlink l phi cn bng, do vic tng cng
sut ng xung cn thit phi kt hp vitng vng ph ng ln nh thm vo
TMA. Nu vn vng ph tn ti trong mt vng m gn vi site hin ti v
nguyn nhn bi vt chn, khi c th gii quyt vn ny nh tng cao anten
vt qua vt chn. Nu vn vng ph tn ti trong khu vc gn vi mt cell
hin ti nhng v tr nm gia 2 sector khi ta c th chnh li hng anten thu
c s ci thin. Quay li hng l k thut hiu qu tc th, n s a mt s tn
hiucho vng by gi trong beam chnh v ly i mt s tn hiu m trc y l
beam chnh. Tuy nhin nu trong hng ca beam c c mc tn hiu mnh hoc c
mt site khc c th cover c vng ny , th xoay hng l thun tin v tng c
tng s vng t c tiu chun. Uptilt ca anten c th cung cp mt s tng ch.
Tuy nhin c mt bt li ca vic lm ny l s lam tng s trn ca cell c th gy ra
nhiu n cc cell khc. Trong hu ht cc trng hp nng thm mt gc -3dB trn
ng ngang s khng cung cp thm c s ci thin v tng ch. Trong vng
nng thn v nhng ni m dung lng yu cu l thp, c th s dng repeater
gii quyt vn vng ph. C nhiu loi repeater c cung cp trn th trng do
vy c th la chn trong tng trng hp c th. Khi phn tch vng ph thp n rt
quan trng kim tra nu mc tn hiu thp l do iu khin cng sut hay
khng, nu trng hp nycht lng c th chp nhn c, khng c vn
g thay i

Hnh v trn y v bn di l mt v d v vng ph thp. kh nng v

thiu neighbor c loi b.
 mc tn hiu tip theo trn biu , c th thy rng mc tn hiu gim i
ng k t khi cuc gi c bt u n na chng cuc gi ti n bt
u tng. Nh cp trc khi mc tn hiu gim th C/i v quaility cng
gim theo, iu ny c th c nhn thy th; C/i tnh ton gim, Rx
Qual tng, SQI gim v FER tng.

Hnh v trn y v bn di l mt v d v vng ph thp. kh nng v thiu

neighbor c loi b. mc tn hiu tip theo trn biu , c th thy rng
mc tn hiu gim i ng k t khi cuc gi c bt u n na chng cuc gi
ti n bt u tng. Nh cp trc khi mc tn hiu gim th C/i
v quaility cng gim theo, iu ny c th c nhn thy th; C/i tnhton
gim, RxQual tng, SQI gim v FER tng. Trong bn trn im gia
c la chn. Mc tn hiu gim khi MS dch chuyn ra xa trm BTS cho n
im gia, ti thi im MS thayi hng v quay ngc tr li BTS.
Trong danh sch serving v Neighbor cell c th thy rng mc tn hiu ca Cell
phc v v Neighbor l di -100dBm v mc ngng thit k. Trong v d ny
khong cch o c n vng phc v thp l khxa t hng Anten v nm trong
khong null gia 2 sector 1 v 2, nhng n khng hiu qu nu ch thay i hng
ca Anten. Phn tch su hn ta thy rng mc tn hiu di mc phc v ngoi
tri do vic s dng TRX c cng sut ln hn v gim suy hao ca Feeder l
khng gip c nhiu. Khng c cell no pha ng Nam do cell ang phc v
nm pha ra ca mng, nhng xem xt thy rngvng ph thp vn nm bn
trong th x do gii php tt nht l xy dng thm trm mi. bn tip theo
trang bn ch ra mt v d khc v vn vng ph thp, tuy nhin trong v d ny
vng phc v ny c bao quanh bi cc Site v khng nm trong ngoi ra ca
mng. Phn tch vng ny thy rng khng c vt cn ng k gn cell ang phc v
v khong cch ca vng cvn l nm trong bn knh c phc v. Nghien cu
k hn trong vng ph thp ta thy rng khu vc ny l khu ng c (ng rt hp
v cc to nh l lin k nhau) c rt t c hi c mt tn hiu ng thng
hoc phn x v khc x t cc cell ln cn thm nhp c n MS. Gii php tt
nht l xy mt SITE mi trong hoc gn vi khu vc trn bi v khu vc ny l
ng c v do lu lng ca khu vc ny s rt ln (Repeater khng th tng
c lu lng) v ch c nhng tn hiu trn nh mi c kh nng thm nhp
n MS (Gim suy hao phi hoc tng cng sut pht s khng ci thin c s
thm nhp vo khu vc ny)
2.3 Nhiu nhiu v vn v cht lng ti
S suy gim cht lng mng gy ra bi nhiu ln v cht lngti c th bao
gm :
Cht lng thoi ti cng tng
Tc chuyn i trong GPRS gim vi s ln truyn li tng ln
Rt cuc gi tng
Chuyn giao khng thnh cng v rt chuyn giao tng ln
S ln thit lp cuc gi khng thnh cng tng
Ngun nhiu chnh l nhng cell bn trong cng mt mng v do thng thng c
th iu khin c v c th loi b hon ton bi ngi vn hnh Cc mng khc
c cng k thut theo bi k thut khc nhau v cng bng tn l nhng ngun nhiu
thm vo vi mt mc thp hn. Mt im cn ghi nh l thnh thong ngun
nhiu t nhng ngun ny khng th xc nh c nh drive test bi v chng hoc
trong banduplink ca GSM hoc l mt k thut khc. Trong nhng trng hp
nh vy, nhng my o phn tch ph c th tr gip pht hin ra ngun
nhiu. Nhiu nn v nhiu nhit l nhng ngun nhiu cui cng v chng thng
thng ch nh hng n tn hiu c cng rt thp(<100dBm). Tuy nhin trong
mt vng vi mt site tng i cao, nhiu sn(t nhiunhit cng vi s trn ra
t cc cell khc) c th c tng ng k v gy ra vn nhiu rt kh gii quyt.
Bi v hu ht nhiu l t bn trong cng mt mng. N l mt kiu nhiu c nhm
ti trong sut qu trnh ti u. Mt s phng php c th ci thin tnh trng
nhiu:
Thay i tn s trn cell phc v hoc/ v ngun nhiu.
Dowtilt ngun nhiu trong trng hp b trn ra qu nhiu.
Tng cng sut ca cell phc v v hoc gim cng sut pht ca ngun nhiu.
Tin hnh iu khin cng sut, nhy tn hoc pht gin on
Pht hin nhiu t logfile Drive test l mt iu g d nhng LogDrive test thng
thng khng xc nh c r rng ngun nhiu. Mt s v d t php o drivetest
c ch ra di y
 trong hnh trn, c th thy rng trong phn trc khi handover th nht c nhiu
neighbor c thng bo xung quanh mc tn hiu, iu ny ch ra rng thiu mt
cell vt tri. Nhiu handover din ra trongmt khong ngn vi mt s r rng l do
nhiu (bi v tiu chun power budget- HO d tr l khong 3dB- khng t ti).
Trong trng hp ny khc th gii quyt vn nh ch thay i mt tn s. Gii
php cho kiu tnh hung ny s c tho lun k hn.
Nhiu n
Trong nhng trng hp m nhiu gia 2 cell c th l phng php u tin
thay i mt tn s hoc trn cell phc v hoc trn ngun nhiu - c th sa c
vn nhiu ny. s pht hin c hoc khng ngun nhiu t mt ngun n hoc
nhiu c th bin i rt phc tp. Bc u tin l xem xt k hoc tn s cho cho
mt vng v tm ra ngun nhiu c nhiu kh nng nht. Thnh thong c mt cell
ni tri c th gii quyt vn ny
a nhiu
Khi vng vi ngun nhiu ln nhn c nhiu mc tn hiu t cc cell khc nhau ti
nhng mc tng t lm cho ti t hn theo hm m vi mi nhiu ngoi. Trong
nhng trng hp ny s thay i tn s trong mt khu vc c th cn thit gim
nhiu trong mt gii hn c th chp nhn c. Trong cc trng hp nghim trng
l c rt nhiu tn hiu v mcnhiu sn s tng, trong trng hp ny vic thay i
tn s khng thu c nhiu hiu qu.Trong mng vi s qui hoch tn s cht ch
hoc s dng trong mtnhm c nh, hoc trong vng mt cell thp xung quanh
vng c mt cell ln, iu ny lm tng ln nhiu nhit c th tr nn vn
nghimtrng. Tin hnh nhy tn c th c ch nh vic trung bnh nhiu ny
nhngkhng th loi tr c n.Khi i mt vi s tng nhiu sn ny, phng
php cn li l c ph hp tt hn ci thin cht lng trong khu vc nhiu.
i tngchnh ca n l gim nhiu m khng phi gim cng sut pht do
C/I c ci thin t n cht lng thoi tt.
Downtilt Anten
Mc ch ca downtilt l ph hp vng ph ca mt cell vi vng phc v ca
cell . Nu vng ph ca Cell l rng hn so vi vng phc v v khi cell s gy
ra nhiu cc cell ln cn. iu chnh ng tilt ca anten, ngi lp k hoch phi
xc nh bin ca cell v tip gc ca anten do cnh ca cell s bn
trong phn trn ca na bp sng chnh. Tilt chnh xc ph thuc vo rng chiu
ngang ca cell v tilt in ca anten v gii hn cui cng ca cell lg. Nh hng
dn u tin, t mt im -3dB trn nh ca antena trn phng ngang khng c
khuyn ngh bi v iu ny s dn n mt phn rng ln ca nng lng b mt i
vo trong khng gian hoc ti hn do b mc trong vt dn nhit trong khng gian
ch quay li tri t ti mtkhong cch xa v gy ra nhiu cc cell khc. Hnh di
y c th ngh mt gc khng tun theo cc khuyn co ban u v nu nh vy
s ng v khng ng ca vic lm ny cn c c lng v mt s tho hip
c t n. Nu mt cell cung cp ti mt vng c mt cell thp, bp sngchnh
tp trung ca anten c th hng v bin ca Cell. Nu cell c cungcp mt vng
ph trong mt vng m c mt cell cao, khi im-3dB nh ca bub sng chnh
c th c ch vo bin ca ca cell. nhng vng c a hnh khng bng phng,
qu trnh qut nh gc tilt cn c cn nhc khc nhau tng i trong chiu
cao tng i gia MS anten v BTS. V d, nu anten c ch vo mt qu i,
im -3dB ch nm bn trn qu i mt cht. iu ny lm gim kh nng trnra
xa (ng thi gim lun nhiu uplink ca cell) v tp trung vo cng sut truyn v
nhn bn trong vng mc tiu.Vi mc ch thu c mt nh dng r rng v
bin ca cell nhiu Drivetest cn phi c tin hnh v phn tch. Tm kim vng
ph ni m cc cell c nhn ti mc cng sut bng nhau, nu cc cell c h tilt
ti vng bin v cng sut cui cng nhn c ti vng bin l khngthay i nhiu
nhng s trn s c gim i ng k. Tuy nhin nu nhng mc tn hiu ti bin
ca cell vn cao(+3dB trn mc c th xem xt cho phc v tt trong nh) khi
chnh gc anten cho n khi mc tn hiuti vng bin l c th chp nhn
c.Bin ca cell nn c khong cch n 2 cell l gn bng nhau to nn s cn
bng gia chng. Thnh thong mt vt chn m mt trong cc cell khng th vt
qua xc nh bin cell. Khi bin ca Cell l mt khong bit, nhng php tnh
n gin v lng gic tnh ton gc tilt chnh xc. Nu d liu phn b Timing
Advance l c th t OMC/NMS khi nhng iu ny c th gip xcnh bin
cell. S dng d liu ny, mt k s c th chnh gc anten vi im nh -3dB ca
bup sng chnh cover c phn ln lu lng ngi dng. Di y l biu
phn b Timing Advance ca cell m vng phcv b trn. Trong v d ny, n tt
hn l h gc anten m nh -3dB ri xung khong 6Km (TA=12) t Site ny. iu
ny nn dch chuyn lu lng khng mong mun xung quanh 9 hoc 15km ra xa m
lm suy gim c tnh ca cell.
Advance l c th t OMC/NMS khi nhng iu ny c th gip xc nh bin
cell. S dng d liu ny, mt k s c th chnh gc anten vi im nh -3dB ca
bup sng chnh cover c phn ln lu lng ngi dng. Di y l biu
phn b Timing Advance ca cell m vng phcv b trn. Trong v d ny, n tt
hn l h gc anten m nh -3dB ri xung khong 6Km (TA=12) t Site ny. iu
ny nn dch chuyn lu lng khng mong mun xung quanh 9 hoc 15km ra xa m
lm suy gimc tnh ca cell.
iu chnh cng sut i vi cell phc v hoc nhiu
Trong mt vng c vng ph tt nhng nhiu km n c th gim mc tn hiu ca
ngun nhiu. iu ny lm tng t l C/i ca cell phc v v c th dn n s ci
thin c tnh ca cell
Tng cng sut trn cell phc v c dung lng tt (mt site thp hoc mt vng ph
b gii hn bi vt chn) v b nhiu bi cc cell ln cn khc v thng thng dn
n C/i tt hn v c tnh mng c ci thin.
c tnh ca mng
Tin hnh thit lp iu khin cng sut mt cch n ho (c mc ngng cht lng
tt trong gi tr Rxqual tt v Rxlev cao) c th vn cung cp s ci thin bi v
nhng li ch chnh thu c c thu c vi sgim 2-3dB cng sut. DTX v
nhy tn c th gim c nhiu m bt k gc no kt ni vi MS nhn c do
cht lng mng s tt hn.
3 Yu cu thay i cu hnh Site
Tt c cc vn c pht hin trong phn trc a v mt kt qu trong mt s
yu cu thay i cu hnh c th l phn mm hoc phn cng. Bt k trng hp
no c th cn thit chng minh s thay i bng cch hon thnh mt yu cu
thay i c ghi thnh vn bn. iu ny ngn nga mt ngi no sau ny ri
b tt c cc neighbor cn thit hoc cu hnh anten vi khi nim rng cu hnh l
khng hp l.Yu cu thay i (changes Request) c th c a ra bng ti liu l
do ca s thay i, xc nh cc nh hng c th n mng nh cc b m c tnh
c th c nh gi xem s thay i c em li s ci thin cho mng hay khng.
4 Thc hin
Chu trnh ti u nn bt u li khi m yu cu thay i c tinhnh bi thay
i khc trong:
n nh tn s trn cell phc v hoc cell b nhiu
Cu hnh anten
Xc nh neighbor
Cc thng s iu khin c tnh mng Bi v khng phi tt c cc thay i s tr v
mt kt qu tt, do cn thit phi nh gi li mng sau khi thay i. Qu trnh ti
u c lp li cho n khi tiu c tnh ch c th t c hoc cho n khi tt c
cc gii php c th c th. Nhng vn khng c gii quyt nn lm thnh
mt ti liu v c xem li sau vi thng trong trng hp c mt gii php mi
c tm ra. (v d sau khi mt site c tch hp hoc mt c tnh mi c th)
III. Kt lun
m bo tnh n nh ca mng li v nng cao kh nng phc v khch hng
chu trnh ti u l mt qu trnh khng lin tc khng dng, v l mt chu trnh
khng th thiu c. Trong chu trnh ti u ny Drive test l mt th tc quan trng
gp phn cho chu trnh ti u c hon hohn, do vy vic thc c tm
quan trng ca Drive test v hiu r qu trnh phn tch Drive test s gip cho k s
a ra nhng quyt nh ti u mng li.
MC LC
1. Gii thiu chung v phn mm TEMS Investigation
1.1. Gii thiu chung
1.2. Cc thit b TEMS h tr ...............................................................................
1.3 Mt s th tc chun b trc v trong qu trnh Drive test ...........................
1.4. Mt s thao tc c bn khi s dng TEMS ....................................................
2. Cc yu cu cho hot ng ca TEMS Investigation ...........................................
2.1. Kt ni n cc thit b bn ngoi ..................................................................
2.2. Thng tin v Cell ...........................................................................................
2.3. Chc nng iu khin ca TEMS ..................................................................
3. Pht hin li v ti u vng ph vi TEMS Investigation .................................
3.1 Cc cng c thng dng trong qu trnh Driving test .................................
3.2 Pht hin nhiu .............................................................................................
3.3 Pht hin sai Fi- ........................................................................................
3.4 Pht hin khai thiu Neighbouring cell hoc khng ph hp .......................
3.6 Ti u vng ph thp ....................................................................................
3.7 To Report t logfiles..................................................................................
4. Kt lun ............................................................................................................... 23
1. Gii thiu chung v phn mm TEMS Investigation
1.1. Gii thiu chung
C th tm tt ngn gn, TEMS Investigation l mt cng c test cho php chng ta
chun on, o kim li, vng ph thi gian thc. TEMS cho php chng ta gim st
knh thoi cng nh truyn data qua cc kt ni GPRS, EDGE, chuyn mch knh
(CSD) hoc chuyn mch knh tc cao (HSCSD). Cc phin truyn data, voice c
th c kim sot trong phm vi ca TEMS.TEMS c trang b cc chc nng
kim tra v gim st tin tin cng vi kh nng phn tch v x l mnh m. V vy
TEMS rt tin ch cho nhng k s c kinh nghim v lm vic v RF. D liu m
TEMS thu c s c trnh by ngay thi im thc hin o. iu lm cho
TEMS pht huy nhng u vit trong vic Driving test khc phc li, thc hin
iu chnh, ti u vng ph nng cao cht lng mng. Ngoi ra d liu m TEMS
thu c c th lu thnh Logfiles phc v mc ch x l,iu chnh, so snh trc
v sau khi c s tc ng, thng k, bo co (Report).
TEMS Investigation c hai Mode hot ng l Idle Mode v Dedicated Mode,
trong :
Idle Mode c s o vng ph ca trm, trn c s chng ta c th ti u
vng ph tt hn
Dedicated Mode c s dng o chi tit v cht lng cuc gi nh RxLev, C/I,
Handover,
1.1. Cc thit b TEMS h tr
- Vi phin bn TEMS GSM 8.0 c th h tr cc TEMS mobile nh SonyEricsson
K790i, K800i. Ngoi ra TEMS cn h tr mt s dng Mobile ca hng NOKIA
6200 v 6220.- Mt GPS v ngun in cung cp (c ni vi Acqui ca xe
chuyni in thnh 220V cho my tnh v GPS)
1.2. Mt s thao tc c bn khi s dng TEMS
- Giao din TEMS Investigation:
 Hnh 1.1 Giao din phn mm TEMS Investigation
- Cc thao tc c bn:
Lu Logfiles
Kt ni TEMS mobile vi PC qua cng COM (hay USB)
Kt ni tt c thit b (GPS, Mobile).
Ngt kt ni tt c thit b.
Ngng qu trnh ghi Logfiles.
Dng ghi/ tip tc ghi.
M Logfiles/ ng Logfiles.
Chy logfiles.Chy tng bc.
Chy logfiles vi tc cao.
To Report thng k, bo co

2. Cc yu cu cho hot ng ca TEMS Investigation

2.1. Kt ni n cc thit b bn ngoi
a. S dng chc nng nhn dng thit b
TEMS 8.0 u vit hn cc phin bn trc nh TEMS 6.0 ch n s tng
nhn thit b khi ta kt ni vi my tnh (Lu : nn kt ni thit b vo
1cng c nh m bo tnh n nh trong qu trnh hot ng)

Hnh 1.2 Cu hnh Port cho thit b kt ni vi TEMS

b. Kt ni thit b bn ngoi
- kt ni n mt thit b n bn ngoi, chng ta chn thit b cn ktni trong
Combo box ca Equipment Control toolbar (MS, GPS,) sau chn biu tng kt
ni .
- kt ni n tt c thit b bn ngoi chn
c. Ngt kt ni thit b bn ngoi
- ngt kt ni n mt thit b n bn ngoi chn thit b cn ngt ktni trong
Combo box ca Equipment Control toolbar (MS, GPS,) sau chn biu tng
ngt kt ni
- ngt kt ni n tt c thit b bn ngoi chn
2.2. Thng tin v Cell
c th kim sot li v ti u vng ph cho cc trm cn cung cp cho TEMS
Investigation cc d liu bao gm Cellfile, Site Name, bn s vng cn o kim.
a. Cellfile Load
Load Cellfile cho TEMS chng ta thao tc nh sau: T giao din Configuration,
kch p vo phn General, tip tc chn Cellfile Load
 ngt kt ni n tt c thit b bn ngoi chn
2.2. Thng tin v Cell
c th kim sot li v ti u vng ph cho cc trm cn cung cp choTEMS
Investigation cc d liu bao gm Cellfile, Site Name, bn s vng cno kim.
a. Cellfile Load
Load Cellfile cho TEMS chng ta thao tc nh sau:T giao din Configuration,
kch p vo phn General, tip tc chnCellfile Load
Hnh 2.1 Load Cellfile
Tip theo chn ng dn n v tr cha Cellfiles/OK
Lu : Cellfile c th c to ra t cc cng c nh MCOM, Exert,TEMS, Vi
d liu u vo ly t CDD ca BSC bao gm cc trng nh Lat,Lon, Ant.
Direction, Ant. Beam width.
b. Chn Layer Control
c thng tin v tn v v tr ca trm trn bn cn phi cung cp choTEMS tn
ca cc trm . y chnh l vic to Site Name v chn Site Namevo TEMS
 Hnh 2.2 Giao din chnh ca TEMS
- Thao tc chn Site Name nh sau:T Tab GSM nh hnh 2.2, kch tri chut vo
biu tng , thc hin Add Site Name
 Hnh 2.3 Chn Site Name
c. M bn
T Tab GSM, kch chut vo biu tng , sau chn n v tr cha file bn
(Mapfi
 Hnh 2.4 Chn bn khu vc Drive test
2.3. Chc nng iu khin ca TEMS
a. Chui lnh
Chui lnh c s dng TEMS t ng test dch v thoi cng nh dchv data.
N cho php chng ta ghi li tt c cc lnh m sau ny s dng li trongsut qu
trnh o Driving test.- i vi dch v voice, chng ta c th kim sot vic la chn
li cell vcch kim sot vi Handover cng nh vic o cc t s C/A v C/I.- i
vi dch v data, chng ta c th test c cc ng dng nh HTTP,FTP, Email,
Ping, SMS, WAP v MMS. Mt iu tht th v l chng ta cng cth dng nhiu
phin, nhiu mobile ng thi so snh gia chng.
b. Xy dng chui lnh
Chui lnh c xy dng v chy trn ca s chui lnh (CommandSequence) trong
mc Control & Confix.

Hnh 2.5 M ca s Control & Confix

Cc bc xy dng Command Sequence nh sau:Thm lnh (Add ) kch chut vo
biu tng trn v cho php chng ta lachn, bao gm loi ng dng (Dch v data,
MS), iu khin thit b, Reselection/handover, voice,

Hnh 2.6 V d v Command Sequence c thit lp

3. Pht hin li v ti u vng ph vi TEMS Investigation
3.1 Cc cng c thng dng trong qu trnh Driving test
Trong qu trnh Driving test mt s cng c thng dng gim st v pht hin li
nh Map, Serving + Neighbour cell, C/I [MS1], Radio Parameters, Line Chart, Cell
Definition, Command Sequence, Interference Line Chart, Khi Driving test nhm
Drivetest s qua st ch yu giao din ny phthin li trong qu trnh o
 Hnh 3.1 Giao din kim sot li thng thng ca TEMS

3.2 Pht hin nhiu

Mc nhiu th hin t l phn trm li bit v li khung, n xy ra trong trng hp b
tc ng ca ngun nhiu bn ngoi (nhiu tp m, cc loi sngin t khc do mi
trng gy ra) v ngun nhiu trong mng (nhiu ng knh,cn knh do quy hoch
tn s khng hp l, ...) Phn mm TEMS
c th cho ta nhn bit s tc ng ca nhiu. nhn bit nhiu qua TEMS chng ta
c th quan st ca s C/I [MS1]. Khi c C/I Drop,iu ny ng ngha vi vic ch
ra s c mt ca nhiu trong sng mang. Hnh v bn di m t v tr b nhiu thng
qua ca s Line chart hoc Radio parameters.

3.2 Pht hin nhiu

Mc nhiu th hin t l phn trm li bit v li khung, n xy ra trongtrng hp b
tc ng ca ngun nhiu bn ngoi (nhiu tp m, cc loi sngin t khc do mi
trng gy ra) v ngun nhiu trong mng (nhiu ng knh,cn knh do quy hoch
tn s khng hp l, ...) Phn mm TEMS c th cho ta nhn bit s tc ng ca
nhiu. nhn bit nhiu qua TEMS chng ta c th quan st ca s C/I [MS1]. Khi
c C/I Drop,iu ny ng ngha vi vic ch ra s c mt ca nhiu trong sng
mang. Hnh v bn di m t v tr b nhiu thng qua ca s Line chart hoc Radio
parameters. Hnh 3.2 Pht hin nhiu qua Line chart
Nhiu l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh lm gim cht lng camng GSM,
iu dn n cht lng voice ti, rt cuc gi s tng, Handover khng thnh
cng, thit lp cuc gi khng thnh cng, ..i vi nhiu do phn btn khng ph
hp c th gii quyt c bi vic lm CR yu cu thay i. Nhng i vi nhiu
do bn ngoi tc ng vi cng thp s nh hng trc tip n cht lng mng
ca chng ta v phi tm ra cc bin php xc nh ngun gy nhiu.Trn ca s
Line Chart chng ta c th nhn thy cht lng thoi (SQI)gim ng k ng
dc xung ( v tr Poor SQI v RxQual) v t s C/I tinht trn hai knh TCH (C/I
worst). Ngoi ra chng ta c th xem t s C/I r hn ca s C/I.Khi d on c
nhiu vng bin ca trm hoc trong vng ph ca cell cn gim tc Drive, bi
v tc cao kh c th pht hin c nhiu, c bit vng nhiu ngang qua rt
nhanh. Mt s phng php c th ci thin tnh trng b nhiu trong mng:-Thay i
tn s trn cell phc v hoc/ v cell gy nn nhiu.-Downtilt ngun nhiu trong
trng hp b chng ln qu nhiugia cc cell.-Tng cng sut ca cell phc v v
hoc gim cng sut pht cacell gy nn ngun nhiu.-Tin hnh iu khin cng
sut, hoc s dng phng php nhytn cn bng nhiu.Trong trng hp
Driving test pht hin ra nhiu, vic u tin l xem xtvic quy hoch tn s cho
vng v tm ra ngun nhiu c nhiu kh nng nhtthng qua phn mm MCOM.
i vi trng hp nhiu rt ln v nghim trngc th s dng phng php nhy
tn gim nhiu. Khi cc gii php trn thiu qu chng ta c th s dng
phng php tng cng sut pht tng t sC/I, hoc gim cng sut ca trm gy
nhiu. Ngoi ra chng ta c th Downtiltca anten gim s chng ln gia cc
cell.
3.3 Pht hin sai Fi-
Lpsai Fi- l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy nn rt Bad Quality,Suddenly
Drop lm gim cht lng mng. Bi v khi lp sai Fi- s nh hngv phn b tn
s gy nn nhiu cho vng v quan h Neighbouring cell b sailch cng dn n
rt.

Trong qu trnh Driving test vic pht hin sai Fi- l mt trong nhng vn rt
n gin. Song trong mt s trng hp chng ta s mc phi sai lm khi cha o
chnh xc to v hng ca anten (Lon, lat, Dir). xc nh sai Fi-, bc u
tin chng ta phi lm l o li (Lon, lat,Dir Anten), xem hnh 3.3. Nu pht hin sai
phi cp nht vo Cellfiles v tinhnh Driving test xung quanh trm (Cch trm t
600 1000m, tu thuc tilt caanten). Trong mt s trng hp c th ch hai hai
Sector, nhng c nhng trmsai Fi- vng
Trong qu trnh Driving test vic pht hin sai Fi- l mt trong nhng vn rt
n gin. Song trong mt s trng hp chng ta s mc phi sai lm khicha o
chnh xc to v hng ca anten (Lon, lat, Dir). xc nh sai Fi-, bc u
tin chng ta phi lm l o li (Lon, lat,Dir Anten), xem hnh 3.3. Nu pht hin sai
phi cp nht vo Cellfiles v tinhnh Driving test xung quanh trm (Cch trm t
600 1000m, tu thuc tilt ca anten). Trong mt s trng hp c th ch hai hai
Sector, nhng c nhng trmsai Fi- vng.
Hnh 3.3 Pht hin li sai Fi-.
3.4 Pht hin khai thiu Neighbouring cell hoc khng ph hp
Chng ta bit rng vic khai bo Neighbouring cell thiu hoc khng hp ls nh
hng rt nhiu n cht lng mng. Bi v khi MS di chuyn xa Servingcell v
RxLev s gim dn v n ngng n cn phi Handover sang trm c kh nng
phc v tt hn, nhng do khai thiu Neighbouring cell, v th MS khng
thHandover sang trm khc c v iu ny s gy nn Call Drop. Ngoi vic phn
tch KPI xc nh vic khi thiu Neighbouring cell nhOutgoing HO Success
Rate, Incoming,th Driving test rt hiu qu trong vic pht hin li do khai bo
thiu Neighbouring cell
nng phc v tt hn, nhng do khai thiu Neighbouring cell, v th MS khng
thHandover sang trm khc c v iu ny s gy nn Call Drop. Ngoi vic phn
tch KPI xc nh vic khi thiu Neighbouring cell nhOutgoing HO Success
Rate, Incoming,th Driving test rt hiu qu trong vic pht hin li do khai bo
thiu Neighbouring cell.
Hnh 3.4 Khai bo thiu Neighbouring cell
Kim tra missing neghbour bng cch xem trc tip ca s Map trong qutrnh
Driving testKhi Driving test pht hin c li khai bo thiu Neighbouring cell, cn
phikim tra li CDD ca BSC bng cch s dng MCOM v lm CR
(changeRequest) yu cu b sung.
3.5 Hin tng Over Shootting
y l hin tng m khi MS ang di chuyn trong vng phc v ca 1 Site Anhng
n khng bt vo 1 cell ca Site A ny m li bt vo 1 cell ca 1 Site Bno rt
xa( v d nh hnh di y). khc phc hin tng ny ta phi xem li cao
ca anten, gc ngng xem cvt qu yu cu cho php hay khng.
 Hnh 3.5 Hin tng Overshootting
3.6 Ti u vng ph thp
Vic ti u vng ph tng chng n gin, nhng thc t li khng n gin cht
no, c bit vi nhng vng mt trm qu tha hoc qu dy. Vn cn quan
tm trong vic ti u vng ph chnh l iu chnh mc RxLev sao cho ph hp, c
bit l nhng vng c mc RxLev thp hoc nhng vng c nhiu tc ng. Vn
chnh ca vic ti u vng ph l phi m bo RxLev tt. Nguyn nhn dn n
RxLev thp l do nh hng t bn ngoi. Khi tn hiu thp s ko theo C/ I b
gim v C/I gim gy nn cht lng thoi gim. u tin l BER tng ln dn n
cht lng thoi b gim v tip theo l FER tng khi cc mutn hiu b mt tt c
v iu ny chc chn s dn n rt cuc gi. Nu ngun gy nhiu c nh gi
trc khi quan tm n RxLev, ngiti u c th b cun ht vo vn nhiu gy
nn cht lng mng thp v tptrung vo vic iu chnh tn s, iu lm lng
ph thi gian bi nguyn nhnthc s ca nhiu l nhiu nhit hoc nhiu nn chng
khng th b loi b bivic thay i tn s.Gii php gii quyt vn vng ph
thp l:-Tng cng sut pht ra ca BTS hoc gim suy hao BTS.
-Chnh li hng, tilt hoc tng cao anten
-S dng mt Repeater m rng vng ph.
-Xy dng thm trm mi.
Tu vo thit b ca nh cung cp, c th tng cng sut n ti a thngqua yu cu
phn mm hoc thay TRX vi cng sut cao hn. Lu c th vng ph thp l do
suy hao Fi-.Mt iu quan trng cn lu l vng ph uplink v downlink phi
cn bng, do khi tng cng sut ng xung cn thit phi kt hp vi vic
tngvng ph ng ln nh thm vo TMA. Nu vn vng ph gn vi site hin
ti v nguyn nhn RxLev thp bivt chn, khi c th gii quyt vn ny nh
tng cao anten vt quavt chn. Nu vn vng ph gn vi mt cell hin
ti nhng v tr nm gia 2 sector, khi ta c th chnh li hng anten ci
thin mc thu.Quay li nhng vn c th trong vic tc ng trc tip nh chnh
tilt,hng anten, lp t trm mi,
a. iu chnh Uptilt ca anten.
iu chnh Uptilt ca anten c th ci thin c vng ph thp. Tuy nhinc mt
bt li ca vic lm ny l gy nn nhiu n cc cell khc. Trong hu ht cc trng
hp nng thm mt gc -3dB trn ng ngang s khng cung cp thm c s ci
thin v tng ch. i vi vng nng thn c th p dng phng php ny hoc
s dng cc b Repeater bi v nhng vng ny lu lng thng rt thp. nhng
vng c mt trm tha v vy khng th bao ph ton b vngc, nn u tin
khu dn c v ng giao thng, hoc kt hp ng giao thngv khu dn c. c
bit l nhng tuyn ng giao thng khng nn ph chngln qu nhiu m nn u
tin cho nhng vng cha c dch v (no service).Khi phn tch vng ph thp cn
kim tra nu mc tn hiu thp c phi ldo iu khin cng sut hay khng. Nu
trng hp ny cht lng c th chpnhn c, khng c vn g thay i.
b. iu chnh hng ca anten v lp t trm mi
Trong trng hp khong cch o c n vng phc v thp l kh xa t hng
Anten v nm trong khong null gia 2 sector, nhng vic thay i hng anten s
khng hiu qu (cc hng ca anten ang phc v vng th).Trong trng hp
ny tt nht l lp thm trm mi.Trong vng Thnh th, vi mt trm dy, nu
pht hin vng bin thngxy ra hin tng Handover qu nhiu (nguy c Call drop
cao) nn iu chnh mt trm pht chnh cho vng cng nh trnh hin tng
chng ln vng phca nhiu trm c th gy nn nhiu (chnh tilt). V c bit
khng nn thay i m hnh thit k mt li ban u, tr nhng trng hp c
bit.Trong nhng vng dn c ng c v vng phc v ny c bao quanh bi
cc Site. Nu phn tch vng ny m thy rng n khng c vt cn ng k gn cell
ang phc v v khong cch ca vng c vn l nm trong bn knhc phc
v. Tuy nhin, khi nghin cu k hn trong vng ph thp nu ta thyrng khu vc
ny l khu ng c (ng rt hp v cc to nh l lin k nhau)c rt t c hi
c mt tn hiu ng thng hoc phn x v khc x t cc cell ln cn thm nhp
c n MS. Gii php tt nht l xy mt SITE mi trong hoc gn vi khu vc
trn bi v khu vc ny l ng c v do lu lng cakhu vc ny s rt ln.
3.7 To Report t logfiles.
T mt hoc nhiu logfiles chng ta c th to ra Report vi nh dng HTML m
n c tng hp t thng tin ca Logfiles vi mc ch to ra bn tin thng k v
cc thng s ca mng. Mt s im cn ch khi to Report:
+Khng c m logfile trong khi ang to Report, nu c bt clogfile no c
m th phi ng li.
+Nu c bt c thit b no ang kt ni phi ngt kt ni chng(Disconnect).
iu ny tht s cn thit qu trnh Report lm vicmt cch ng n hn.
chun b Report logfile, kch chut vo Generate ReportReport toolbar , hp thoi
bn di xut hin

ln cn thm nhp c n MS.Gii php tt nht l xy mt SITE mi trong

hoc gn vi khu vc trn bi v khu vc ny l ng c v do lu lng ca khu
vc ny s rt ln.
- u tin ta chn mt hoc nhiu logfile m bn cn Report, Kch chutvo Add V
chn Browse ca Logfiles mun Report.
- Tip theo cn ch r th mc li ra m Report s c to ra.
- Sau kch chut vo Properties la chn ni dung cn Report. Cas Log
Report Properties xut hin.
a. Tab Threshold Values (Gi tr ngng)
a. Tab Threshold Values (Gi tr ngng)
Sau khi ca s ny xut hin, chng ta c th so snh gi tr t bn tin Report vi gi
tr ngng m TEMS a ra. Cc gi tr ngng ny c th thay i tu theo yu cu
ca tng mng. Trong Tab Threshold Values, chng ta c th loi b hay la chn
nhng thnh phn thng tin cn thit to Report
Cc gi tr ngng c xc nh trc trong hp thoi trn v chng ta cng c th
nh ngha hoc thay i, xo b theo mun

b. Tab Event (s kin)

Trong bn tin Report ny cho chng ta thng k theo cc s kin theo yu cu (Call
Attemp, Call Setup, Call Drop,). T Tab ny chng ta la chn loi s kin, nh
hnh bn di
c. To Report
Sau khi thc hin hon thnh cc bc trn, chng ta kch chut chn Finish kt
thc qu trnh to Report
4. Kt lun
nng cao cht lng mng cng nh duy tr tnh n nh ca mng li,p ng
tt v nng cao kh nng phc v cho khch hng, cng vic ti u l rt cn thit v
phi c thc hin lin tc. y l mt ni dung khng th thiu c ngy cng
phc v tt hn yu cu ca khc hng. Trong chu trnh ti uny Drive test t ra rt
hiu qu v cng l mt th tc quan trng gp phn chochu trnh ti u c hon
ho hn. Do vy vic thc c tm quan trng ca Drive test v hiu r qu trnh
phn tch Drive test s gip cho chng ta a ra nhng quyt nh ti u mng
li mt cch chnh xc hn./