Read Chapter 9. Derive the expression given in it for minimum required
volumetric ratio of spiral reinforcement (Eq. 9-5). Hints: Assume that a) the strength of the confined core* and vertical steel must be equal to or exceed b) the strength of the entire cross section* including vertical steel and calculated ignoring the effects of confinement. The coefficient 0.45 in Eq. 9-5 is in part the result of some conservative rounding.