t:/1:. TRANS WORIJ) COMMlJNl[;AnDNS, INC.

Printed: AUGUsr 1'.:87

Manual Part No. 'IW55OO-MSOP Publication No. 991039

TWS500 MESSAGE TERMINAL OPERATOR'S MANUAL

304 13"Al;e{ P/!.15& 4*) Pauma Plaee Escondido, CA 92025, U.S.A.

Phone (619) 747-1079, Telex 695-433

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TW5500 OPERATOR'S MANUAL ADDENDUM

The August 1987 printing of the TW5500 Operator's Manual describes many new features that accompany the release of the D5500BA software. However, there are two features that have not been incorporated at this time, as described below.

1. Pages 4-8 and 4-11. Printing of transmitted text in italic typestyle is not a feature implemented at this time. This is described in the last paragraph of Section 4.6.4 and in the first paragraph of Section 4.8.7.

2. Page 4-11. The "Who Are You" provision is not incorporated with the D5500BA software.

3. Pages 3-3, 5-2 and A-2, Figures 3-1, 5-1 and Appendix A. The ARQ controls and indicators are shown in these figures (see Figure 5-1). The ARQ control called "ECHO" should read nFULL."

OCTOBER 8, 1987

WARRANTY

Trans Wor ld Commumcatrons, Inc. (TWC) warrants that new TWC equipment has been manufactured free of defects in design, material and workmanship. If the equipment does not give satisfactory service due to defects covered by this warranty, TWC will, at its option, replace or repair the equipment free of charge.

The warranty is for a period of 90 days from the date of installation. In the event that the equipment is not installed within 90 days of factory shipment, satisfactory evidence of the installation date must be submitted.

LIMITATIONS:

This warranty does not cover physical damage caused by impact, liquids or gases. Defects caused by lightning, static discharge, voltage transients, or application of incorrect supply voltages are specifically excluded from this warranty.

RETURN OF EQUIPMENT - USA:

The equipment shall be returned freight prepaid to the Service Department, Trans WorldCon:munications, Inc.,240 Pauma Place, Escondido,California 92025. The equipment should be packed securely, asTWC will not be responsible for damage incurred in transit. Please include a letter containing the following information:

1. Model, serial number, and date of installation.

2. Name of dealer or supplier of equipment.

3. Detailed explanation of problem.

4. Return shipping instructions.

TWC will return the equipnent prepaid by United Parcel Service, Parcel Post or truck. If alternate shipping is specified, freight charges will be made collect.

RETURN OF EQUIPMEm' - FOREIGN:

Write for specific instructions. Do not return equipment without authorization. It is usually not possible to clear equipment through U.S. Customs without the correct documentation. If equipment is returned without authorization, the sender is responsible for all taxes, customs duties and clearance charges.

IJMI1"ED PARTS WARRANTY:

This warranty shall cover all parts in the equipment for a period of 1Z months from the date of installation, subject to the previous conditions and limitations. The parts will be replaced free of cost. The labor charges will be made at the current TWC hourly service rate.

PARTS REPLACEMENT:

If it is not practical, or the purchaser does not want to return the equipment to the factory, this warranty is limited to the supply of replacement parts for a period of 12 months from the date of equipment installation. The following instructions for the supply of replacement parts should be followed:

1. Return defective parts prepaid to: Parts Replacement, Trans World Communications, Inc.; 240 Pauma Place, Escondido, California 92025.

2. Include a letter with the following information: a} Part number(s}.

b) Serial number and model of equipment.

c) Date of installation.

Parts returned without this information will not be replaced. In the event of a dispute over the age of the replacemen t part, componen ts date coded over 24 months prior will be considered out of warran ty.

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

GENERAL

This product and manual must be thoroughly understood before attempting installation and operation. To do so without proper knowledge can result in equipment failure and bodily injury.

CAUTION!

Before applying ac power, be sure that the equipment has been proper ly configured for the available line voltage. Attempted operation at the wrong vol tage can result in damage and voids the warranty. See the manual section on installation.

EARmGROUND

All TWC products are supplied with a standard,3-wire, grounded ac plug. 00 NOT attempt to disable the ground terminal by using 2-wire adapters of any type. Any disconnection of the equipment ground causes a pot ential sho ck hazard that could resul t in personalinj ury. 00 NOT operat e any equipmen t un til a suitable ground has been established. Consult the manual section on grounding.

SERVICJNG

Servicing should only be carried out by trained personnel. To avoid electric shock,do not open the case unless qualified to do so.

Various measurements and adjustments described in this manual are performed withac power applied and the protective covers removed. The energy present at numerous points is sufficient to cause bodily harm, if contacted.

Capaci tors (particular ly the large power supply electrolytics) can remain chargedfor a considerable time after the unit has been shut off. Use part.icular care when working around them.as a shor t circuit can release sufficient energy to cause damage to the equipment and possible injury.

To protect against fire hazard, always replace line fuses with ones of the same current rating and type (normal delay, slow-blow, etc.). DO NOT use higher value replacements in an attempt to prevent fuse failure. If fuses are failing repeatedly, this indicates a probable defect in the equipment that needs attention.

ii

1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4

2.1 2.Z 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3 2.4

3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3

4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 4.2.9 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.4

TABlE OF CONTENTS

SEX:I10N 1 - GENERAL

In troduc tion Features CRT

Status Display Printer Memory Coding

Selective Calling (Selcall) Transpond

Options

ARQ

Software Updates' Specifications

soc:rJON Z - INSfAlLA'llON

Unpacking Equipment Setup Power Supply Modem Tone Pairs

Printer Paper and Ribbon Connections to Transceiver Software Updates

SEC1lON 3 - CONTROLS

General

Front Panel Controls Printer Indicator Lights Keyboard Controls Cursor Movement Keys Text Edi ting Keys Operational Status Keys

sa::TION 4 - BASI: OPERATION (NON ERROR-(X)R.ROC'I'IR:i MODE)

Introduc t ion

Standard RTTY Reception Initial Control Settings Receive Buffer

Initial Keyboard Settings Status Switch

Operating Frequency Considerations Receiver Tuning

Clearing Received Text

Printer

Printer Test

Special Features

Autostart

Unshift-On-Space (USOS)

Selec ti ve Calling (Se lca ll)

1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1 .. 1 1 .. 1 1 .. 1 1-2 1-2

2-1 2-1 2-1 2-3 2-5 2-5 2-5

3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2

4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5

sm::noN 4 - BASIC OPERATION (NON ERROR-CO~ MODE), Continued.

4.4.1 Selcall Code Assignments 4-5
4.4.2 Selcall Reception 4-7
4.4.3 Selcall Display Features 4-7
4.4.4 Termination of Selcall Reception 4-8
4.5 In Case of Reception Problems 4-8
4.6 Standard RTIY Transmission 4-8
4.6.1 Initial Control Settings 4-8
4.6.2 Initial Keyboard Settings 4-8
4.6.3 Transmit Buffer 4-8
4.6.4 "Live" Transmission 4-8
4.6.5 Stored Messages 4-9
4.6.6 Transmission of Stored Messages 4-9
4.7 Message Numbering/Marking System 4-9
4.7.1 Resetting the Message Counter 4-10
4.8 Editing 4-10
4.8.1 Word Wrap 4-10
4.8.2 Cursor Movement 4-10
4.8.3 Simple Editing 4-10
4.8.4 Deletions 4-10
4.8.5 Insertions 4-10
4.8.6 Reformatting Text After Editing 4-10
4.8.7 High-Speed Printing of Transmit Messages 4-11
4.9 Special Features 4-11
4.9.1 Protected Memory Area 4-11
4.9.2 "Diddle" 4-11
4.9.3 Transmitting Selcall Messages 4-11
4.9.4 "Who Are You?" Provision 4-11
4.10 Transpond 4-11
4.10.1 Introduction 4-11
4.10.2 Transpond Code Entry 4-12
4.10.3 Transpond Message Entry 4-12
4.10.4 Transpond Operation 4-12
4.10.5 Path Quality Evaluation 4-12
SIOC!'IlON 5 - ARQ (ERROR-CO~) OPllDN

5.1 Introduction 5-1
5.l Principles of Operation 5-1
5.2.1 ARQ 5-1
5.2.2 FEe 5-1
5.2.3 Monitor Mode 5-1
5.3 Front Panel Controls/Indicators 5-1
5.4 ARQ/FEC Initial Control Settings 5-2
5.5 FEC Transmission 5-3
5.6 FEC Reception 5-3
5.7 ARQ Transmission/Reception ~3
5.7.1 General 5-3
5.7.2 RX Selcall Entry 5-3
5.7.3 ARQ Linking Procedure 5-4
5.7.4 Transmi tting ARQ Messages 5-4
5.7.5 Changing Direction of Transmission 5-4
5.7.6 Interruption of Transmission by Receiver 5-4
5.7.7 ARQ Error Correction 5-4
iv 5.7.8 5.7.9 5.8 5.9 5.9.1 5.9.2 5.10

SIOC:I'ION 5 - ARQ (ERROR CORREX:TlON) OPllON, Continued.

Loss of Transmission Storage Buffer

Monitoring Other ARQ Transmissions Special Features

Transpond

''Who Are You?" Provision Receiver Scanning

APPENDIX A

Condensed Operating Instructions for TW/RT5500 Data Terminal

1-1

2-1 2-2 2-3

1-1

2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9

3-1 3-2

4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6

5-1 5-2 5-3

TABlES

TW5500 Technical Specifications

Factory Settings for Modem Tone Pairs Modem Switch Settings - Receive Modem Switch Settings - Transmit

FIGURES

TW5500 RTTY Message Terminal

Rear Panel Connections

Ac Voltage Change Module/Fuse Holder Terminal Control Board

Modem Control Board

Paper Installation

Ribbon Threading

Reusing the Ribbon

Interconnect Diagram for Various TWC Exciters Interface Socket Jl and Associated Signals

Front Panel Controls Message Terminal Keyboard

Video Display in Receive Mode Operating Frequency Considerations Modem Tuning Display

Video Display Showing Transcall/Selcall Menu Valid Selcall Code Reception

Dlustration of Message Numbering/Marking System

ARQ Controls and Indicators

Proper Status Line Indicators for ARQ Standby Mode Detail of Transpond/Selcall Menu

Illustrating ARQ Selcall Entry

v

5-5 5-5 5-5 5-5 5-5 5-5 5-5

A-I

1-2

2-3 2,-4 2,-5

1-0

2-1 2-1 2-2 2-4 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-8 2-9

3-3 3-5

4-2 4-3 4-4 ~ 4-7 4-9

5-2 5-3

5-3

FIGURE I-I. TW5500 RITY Message Terminal. 1-0

SECTION 1 GENERAL

1.1 lNTRODOCTION

The TW5500 (Figure 1-1) is a microprocessorbased, radioteletype (RTIY) communications terminal capable of optional ARQ (error-correcting) operation. It incorporates an 18-line, n character-per-line CRT display, a high-speed, dot matrix printer and sophisticated modem. Everything is self-contained in a rugged, transportable enclosure. The terminal can be powered ei ther by the internal ac power supply or by an external de source.

1.2 FEATURES

1.2.1 CRT

The amber tinted video display has an automatic screen-saver function, which prevents the risk of "screen burn" if the same data is displayed for long periods. If new data is not sent to the SCreen within 30 seconds, it goes blank. The screen automatically reactivates if data is recei ved, or if a key is depressed.

1.2.Z srATUS mSPLAY

Status information, such as operating mode and speed, is continuously displayed in reverse video at the top of the screen. This enables the operator to keep a check on the terminal at all times.

1.2.3 PRINTER

A buil t-in, high-speed, do t-matrix printer provides hard copy of all data transmitted and received. It is especially valuable for unattended operation, where messages could otherwise be lost. Theprintel' uses standard teletype roll paper and inked ribbons.

1.2..4 MEMORY

The TW5500has a powerful electronic memory that will store 16,000 characters. All data is stored in low-power, static, random-access memory (RAM), which is protected against power loss by a fiveyear, lithiwn battery.

In addition, an eight-line section of memory is specially protected against accidental erasure. Priority data can be kept in this area.

1.Z.S CODIl«i

Both ASCII and Baudot coding are available to send and recei ve messages. Unlike older-style,mechanical teletypewriters, a fully automatic letters/ figures shift is featured in the Baudot mode.

1.Z.6 SEIJOC:TlVE CAIl..DI} (SELCAU.)

A dual, eight-digit selective calling feature screens incoming messages so that only those intended for a certain station are printed. The provision for two sepa.rate codes allows each station to be called as one of a group having the same call, or as an individual. In this mode, an eight-character "window n in the bottom left part of the receive video area allows operator monitoring of all channel activity.

1.Z.7 TRANSIUND

The Transpond feature enables automatic transmission of stored messages upon receiving one of ten possible codes. When a valid code is received, the terminal will seek one or more numbered messages assigned to that code, key the transmitter, send the message{s) and automatically switch back to receive. This feature is especially useful where unattended operation is desired.

1.3 OPrIONS

1.3.1 ARQ

Automatic Repeat Query (ARQ) is an internationally standardized mode of providing error correction for RTrY circuits. The principle of operation is to separate all transmitted text into three-character groups, which are then specially encoded. If the monitoring station does not properly receive the coding, it will ask the transmitting station to repeat that group until proper reception is verified. In this manner, essentially perfect communication can be established, regardless of interference and short-term fading.

ARQ capability is available on the TW5500 as a factory option or field retrofit. Standard RTIY operation is not affected by this feature.

1-1

1..3..2. OOFI'WARE UIDAlES

From time to time, Trans World Communications w ill issue upda ted software to enhance operation or reflect advancements in communications technology. These enhancements may be offered as optional field retrofits.

lA SPECIFJCAnoNS

TW5500 specifications are found in Table 1-1. These are the standards agains t which the product can be judged.

TABIB 1-1. TW5500 Technical Specifications.

SIZE (WHO): 47 cm x 36 em x 44 em (18.5" x 14.Z" x 17.25").

WEIGHT: 34 kg (75 lbs),

OPERATING 1EMPERATURE: -10 to +550C.

NWERREQUIREMENTS: 115/230 Vac, 50/60 Hz, ISO W maximum; Z8 Vdc, 4.5 A maximum. 12 Vdc operation available as a option.

MEMORY POWER: Internal, five-year lithiwn battery.

FORMATS: Baudot (!TAZ) - 45.S, SO, 75, and 110 baud; 5 bits, 1.5 stop bits.

ASCII (ITA5) - 45.5, 50, 75, and 110 baud; 8 bits, no parity, 1 start/stop bit.

AUDIO INPUT: -19 to +6 dBm, 600 ohms, transformer-coupled or high impedance.

A UDIO OUTPUT: 0 to +3 dBm, 600 ohms.

TONES: Individually programmable mark and space from 12,75 to 2975Hz, three separate pairs selectable by front panel switch.

LOW-LEVEL INTERFACE: 0-5 Vdc TIL compatible for connection to external encryption or punch tape devices.

TYPE: 9 x 9 dot matrix with descenders.

PRll'IT SPEED: 120 cps, bidirectional.

PRINT SPECS: 80 characters/line, 4 characters/em horizontal, 2.4 lines/em vertical.

Selectable single or double line feed.

PAFER.Iu'IDRIBBON: 21.6-cm wide x lZ.7-cm dia. (8.5" x 5") roll, friction feed, single or multicopy. Standard reel typewriter ribbon.

KEYBOARD:

TYPE:

Ruggedized, water-resistant, 65-key IIQWERTY"meetingDIN specifications. Upper! lower case and keyboard-generated control characters in ASCII mode. Automatic upper case and figures/letters shift in Baudot.

1-2

TABlE 1-1. TW5500 Technical Specifications, Continued.

VIDEO DISPLAY UNIT:

TYPE: 22.5-cm, amber-tinted, implosion-resistant, anti-glare face.

DEFINITION: 18 lines x 72 characters/line.

FORMAT: Split screen receive/transmit with status line.

'IEXT EDrroR/MEMORY:

EDITING: Screen-driven using cursor keys, insert, delete, type- over, RX and TX memory clear, beginning- and end-of-text markers. RX and TX word wrap prevents split words.

MEMORY CAPACITY: 16,000 characters, shared transmit/receive.

MEMORY POWER: S-year, lithium battery.

SElBCTIVE CAUJNG (SEICALL):

Provides automatic selective display and printing of messages upon receipt of a valid, eightcharacter code. Terminal scrolls eight characters of text when unactivated in Selcallmode to show channel activity.

AtrrOMA'l"C MESSAGE TRANSMISSION trRANSFOND):

Provides automatic transmission of stored messagets) upon receipt of a valid, eight-character code. A maximum of 10 separate codes can be stored, providing access to a maximum of 60 messages, which can also be treated as regular transmit text.

Specifications subject to change without notice.

1-3

SECTION 2 lNsrAILATION

1..1 UNPACKING

The message terminal comes packed in a heavy walled container with special corner supports. KEEP THESE PACKING MATERIALS, as they will be necessary for any future equipment transportation.

Inspect the box for all documents, cables and other attachments. Write down the serial number, which is found on the label at the rear of the terminal. This number must be referred to in all communication with the factory.

1..2 EQUIPMENr SETUP

Before the terminal is switched on, the following installation checks and procedures must be followed:

1. Configure power supply voltage and frequency (if necessary).

2. Set modem tone pairs (if necessary).

3. Install printer ribbon and paper.

4. Make connections to the transceiver.

1..1..1 roWER SUPPLY

The message terminal can be powered by either 110/22.0 Vac {SO/60 Hz}, Or by 12/28 Vdc. (12 Vdc operation is available only as a special option.)

Dc operation: The proper voltage must be applied to the two-pin connector found on the rear panel (Figure 2-1). Be sure to observe correct polarity; the "Au terminal is positive. De input is protected by a fuse, which is adjacent to the connector. Proper fuse values are: 5 A for '28 Vdc and 10 A for 12 Vdc.

Ac operation: Both the proper line voltage and frequency must be set prior to operating the equipment. These settings are normally made at the factory per customer requirements. If it is necessary to change them, refer to Figures 2-1 and 2-2 for the following:

AC VOLTAGE CHANGE MODULE/FUSE HOLDER 110 VAC -3A

220 VAC-1.5A

DC SUPPLY SOCKET A,+VDC

B; GNO

OC FUSE HOLDER INTERFACE

28V-5A SOCKET(J1)

12V-l0A

CHASSIS GROUND POST

l

FIGURE 2-1. Rear Panel Connections.

FJGURE Z-ZO Ac Voltage Change Module/Fuse Bolder. See text.

2-1

PLACE JUMPER AS SHOWN FOR 50-Hz OR 60-Hz OPERATION

TERMINAL CONTROL BOARD

FIGURE 2-3. Terminal Control Board. This board must be accessed fol' line frequency setup. Software updates are contained in U13.

z-z

1. Remove the ac power plug from the rear panel socket and slide the transparent window to the left, exposing the fuse and voltage change card. The number visible on the left of the card, right side up, is the present setting. Available settings are: 100, 120, 220 and 240 Vac. Note: The nominal voltage at the "100" setting is actually 110 volts, all others are as marked.

2. Remove the fuse by pulling on the tab marked "Fuse Pull" and pushing it to the left.

3. Extract the voltage change card by grasping it firmly with pliers and pulling straight out. 00 NOT attempt extraction by hooking the hole in the edge of the card. Doing so will damage it.

4. Position the card so that the desired voltage marking is on the upper left side, and reinsert.

5. Push in the fuse extractor, insert the correct fuse, slide the transparent window back and reinsert the power plug. Proper fuse values are: 3 A for 110 Vac and 1.5 A for 220 Vac.

Line frequency setup: Control of the display vertical deflection frequency is provided to minimize the effect of magnetic fields from ac-operated equipment. Any "weaving" or "swaying" of the display is an indication that the frequency is improperly set.

To select the vertical frequency:

1. Remove all power to the terminal.

2. Lay the terminal on its side and remove the bottom cover, exposing the terminal control board. 3. Refer to Figure 2-3. Locate PL3 and place the jumper according to the line frequency available. 4. Replace the bottom cover and toggle the roWER switch on/off two times to effect the change.

z.Z.Z MODEM TONE PAmS

If channelized operation is to be used, it is necessary that the mark and space tones agree in frequency with those of the other terminal. The TW5500isshipped withbothTXandRXmark tones set at 1275 Hz, and the space tones set to give approximately 170-, 425- and 850-Hz shifts, as shown in Table 2-1. These shifts correspond to front-panel TONES switch settings "A," "B" and "e," respectively.

Other tone frequencies or shift combinations can be obtained by first removing the metal cover on the right side of the terminal, and exposing the modem pc board (Figure 2-4). The eight-bit DIP swi tches can then be set according to the values in Tables 2-2 and 2-3.

NOtE

It is not always possible to obtain the exact frequency desired with the DIP swi tches. Therefore, it is important to choose the closest frequencyavailable. Terminal operation will not be affected by this small frequency error.

TABlE z.-l. Factory Settings for Modem Tone Pairs.

RECEIVE

TRANSMIT

Tones Mark Space Approx.
Switch Freq. Freq. Shift
(Hz) (Hz) (Hz)
A 1275 1443 170
B 1275 1699 425
C 1275 2128 850 Tones Mark Space Approx.
Switch Freq. Freq. Shift
(Hz) (Hz) (Hz)
A 1275 1444 170
B 1275 1700 425
C 1275 2119 850 2-3

_ sW:~SW:~SW1e1~W1em

_ C _ _ C _

1- 1- 1- 1-

" MODEM CONTROL BOARD

/ \

DEPRESSING ROCKER THIS SIDE GIVES A ~Oa

TO THIS SIDE GIVES A "1"

F"JiURE Z-4. Modem Control Board.. Detail of switches used to adjust the mark and space tone frequencies.. See text.

TABLE z-z. Modem Switch Settings - Receive.

FREQ. SETTING FREQ. SET rING FREQ. SETTING FREQ. SETTING FREQ. SETTING
(Hz) (Hz) (Hz) (Hz) (Hz)
1275 11111111 1505 11100111 1788 11001111 2145 10110111 2610 10011111
12.83 11111110 1515 11100110 1801 11001110 2162 10110110 2632 10011110
1292 11111101 1526 11100101 1815 11001101 2179 10110101 2655 10111010
1301 11111100 1537 11100100 1828 11001100 21% 10110100 2678 10011100
1310 11111011 1548 11100011 1842 11001011 2214 10110011 2701 10011011
1319 11111010 1559 11100010 1855 11001010 2232 10110010 272.4 10011010
1328 11111001 1570 11100001 1869 11001001 2250 10110001 2748 10011001
1337 11111000 1582 11100000 1883 11001000 ZZ68 10110000 27n l001100J
1346 11110111 1592 11011111 1898 11000111 2286 10101111 ' 2797 10010111
1356 11110110 1604 11011110 1912 11000110 2.304 10101110 2822 10010110
1365 11110101 1615 H01UOl 1926 11000101 2323 10101101 2847 10010101
1374 11110100 1627 11011100 1941 11000100 2.34Z 10101100 213n 10010100
1384 11110011 1639 11011011 1956 11000011 2361 10101011 21398 10010011
1394 11110010 1650 11011010 1971 11000010 2380 10101010 2924 10010010
1403 11110001 1662 11011001 1986 11000001 MOO 10101001 2951 10010001
1413 11110000 1674 11011000 2001 11000000 242.0 10101000 2978 10010000
1423 11101111 1687 11010111 2016 10111111 2A4O 10100111 3005 10001111
1433 11101110 1699 11010110 2032 10111110 2460 10100110 3033 l00JlllO
1443 11101101 1711 11010101 2047 10111101 MBI 10100101 3061 10001101
1453 11101100 172.4 11010100 Z063 10111100 2502 10100100 3089 10001100
1463 11101011 1736 11010011 2079 10111011 2523 101000li 3118 10001011
1473 11101010 1749 11010010 2095 10111010 Z544 10100010 3147 10001010
1484 11101001 1762 11010001 2112 10111001 2566 10100001 3177 10001001
1494 11101000 1775 11010000 2128 10111000 2587 10100000 2-4

TABlE Z-3. Modem. Switch Settings - Transmit.

FREQ. SETTING FREQ. SETTING FREQ. SETTING FREQ. SETTING FREQ. SEI lING
(Hz) (Hz) (Hz) (Hz) (Hz)
1275 11111111 1444 11100001 1665 11(XXXHI 1966 10100101 2400 10000111
12.80 11111110 1450 11100000 1673 11000010 1978 10100100 2417 10000110
1285 11111101 1457 11011111 1682 11000001 1990 10100011 2435 10000101
1290 11111100 1463 11011110 1691 l1<XXXlOO 2002 10100010 2454 10000010
1295 11111011 1470 11011101 1700 10111111 2014 10100001 2472 10000011
1300 11111010 1476 11011100 1708 10111110 ?JJ27 10100000 2491 10000010
1305 11111001 1483 11011011 1717 10111101 Z040 10011111 2510 10000001
1310 11111000 1490 11011010 171.6 10111100 2052 10011110 2.530 lOOOOC1OO
1316 11110111 1497 11011001 1736 10111011 2065 10011101 2550 01111111
l321 11110110 1505 11011000 1745 10111010 2078 10011100 2570 01111110
1326 11110101 1511 11010111 1754 10111001 ~2 10011011 2590 01111101
1332 11110100 1518 11010110 1764 10111000 2105 10011010 2611 01111100
1337 11110011 1525 11010101 1773 10110111 2119 10011001 2632 01111011
1343 11110010 1532 11010100 1783 10110110 2133 10011000 2653 01111010
1348 111100:)1 1539 11010011 1793 10110101 2147 10010111 2.675 01111001
1354 llllCXXJO 1546 11010010 1803 10110100 2161 10010110 2697 01111000
1360 11101111 1554: 11010001 1813 10110011 2176 10010101 2no 01110111
1365 11101110 1561 11010000 1823 10110010 2190 10010100 2742 01110110 I
1371 11101101 1569 11001111 1833 10110001 2205 10010011 2766 01110101
1377 11101100 1576 11001110 1844 10110000 222.0 10010010 2789 01110100
1383 11101011 1584 11001101 1854 10101111 2235 10010001 2813 01110011
1388 11101010 1592 11001100 1865 10101110 2251 lOOI(x))() 2838 01110010 I
l394 11101001 I 1600 11001011 1875 10101101 22h6 10001111 2863 01110001
1400 11101000 1607 11001010 1886 10101100 Z2.82 10001110 2888 0111(x))()
1406 11100111 1615 11001001 1897 10101011 2298 10001101 2914 01101111
1412 11100110 1623 11001000 1908 10101010 2314 10001100 2940 01101110
1419 11100101 1632 11000111 1920 10101001 2331 10001011 2967 01101101
1425 11100100 1640 11000110 1931 10101000 Z348 10001010 2994 01101100
1431 11100011 1648 11000lOl 1942 10100111 2365 10001001 3022 01101011
1437 11100010 1656 11000100 1954 10100110 2382 10001000 ?.Z3 PR1NTER PAmR. AND RlBlDN

The TW5500 uses conventional teletype roll paper and typewriter reel ribbons. Paper installation is straightforward, as shown in Figure 2-5. The roll spindle flange should be oriented to the left, with the paper slid all the way up against it.

Ribbon threading is accomplished by first removing power, then gently sliding the print head to the approximate center of the carriage (Figure 2-6 A). Place the spools securely on the shafts, so that the drive pins are properly engaged. Carefully thread the ribbon, as shown in the figure or in the diagram found on the upper right end of the printer. Pay special attention to the positioning of the ribbon between the print head and the ribbon guide (Figure 2-6 B). Check to make sure that the ribbon reversing arm slots do not allow the ribbon end eyelets to pass through (Figure 2-6 C). Slight bending of the arms is permissible to narrow the

slots, if necessary. After the ribbon begins to fade from use, it can be flipped over to expose a new surface (Figure 2-7).

as ~S ro TRANs::EVER.

If the TW5500 is to be used with a Trans World Communications transceiver, standard cables are available which simply plug into both units (Figure 2-8). For use with other equipments, an interface cable must be constructed or specially ordered from the factory. The interface socket and associated signals are shown in Figure 2-9.

2.4 OOFrWARE UPDATES

o ccasi o nally, Trans World Communicationsmay issue impro vemen ts and/ or upda t es to the software contained in Ul3, found in the terminal control board (Figure 2-3). The procedure for replacingU13 and starting up the new software is as follows:

2-5

1. With all power removed, place the terminal on its side and remove the bottom cover. Replace the existing U13 with the new version, carefully avoiding any direct contact with the pins. Replace the bottom cover.

the power off and on several times without the HOME key depressed.

2. Connect the power cord and hold down the HOME key while switching the power on and off several times. Allow the display to appear, then switch

3. Press SInFT HOME to access the SelcalljTranspond menu, and check that everything is in order. Some areas of the menu may be filled with unwanted characters. Erase these with the space bar or other keys, as appropriate. The system is now ready for operation.

'.

1

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I

-......;

_--- PAPER ROLL

(A)

~PAPERROlL

(8)

FlGURE 2-5. Paper Installation. The holder shaft should be inserted as in (A) and placed in the terminal as in (B).

2-6

PRINT HEAD

RIBBON REVERSAL LEVER

(A)

RIBBON GUIDE INK RIBBON

INK RIBBON RIBBON GUIDE

"'" ",,0 \ \

~~

PRINT HEAD

(INCORRECT)

(CORRECT)

(8)

SLIT OF RIBBON REVERSAL LEVER

RIBBON SPOOL

(e)

1) Make sure that the eyelet is on the spool side of the reversal lever (A).

2) The ribbon must be properly inserted between the print head and ribbon guide (B).

A pen may be used to gently push the guide forward, easing installation.

3) Make sure that the eyelets will not pass through the reversal levers (C).

FIGURE Z-i>. Ribbon Threading.

2-7

B

A

A

B

Used Side

FIiURE 2.-7. Reusin.g the Ribbon. A used ribbon may be flipped over to provide a new surface.


D
~
~
.::0 Q
c =
00000000
I \
~ A TO INTERFACE
(J 1)
CABLE # CABLE 'Ifh
C991529 C991548

(J8) (J2) SOCKET ON REAR

TW5500

TW100

RT100

FIGURE 2-8. Interconnect Diagram for Various TWC Exciters.

Z-8

BALANCED RX AUDIO

INTERF ACE SOCKET (J 1)

PTT

GND

FIGURE Z-9. Interface Socket Jl and Associated Signals.

2-9

SECTION 3 CONTROLS

3.1 GENERAL

Before attempting to operate the terminal, it is necessary to become familiar with the controls. While reading the following section, it will help to have either the terminal in view, or to look at the fold-out section, Figure 3-1. More complete descriptions of how the controls function are found in Section 4.

3.Z FRONT PANEL CONTROLS

The following controls are common to both standard RTIY and ARQ operation. For a discussion of ARQspecific controls, turn to Section 5.

POWER -Controls primary ac or dc power input.

ARQ - Enables or disables ARQ option in units so equipped.

DISPLAY - Controls independent power to CRT display.

AU'IO - Enables/disables autostart circuit.

srATUS-Inverts mark/space keying polarity. In "local" position it disables the PIT, allowing printing without transmission.

TONES - Selects one of three preset mark/space tone pairs.

BRILI..JAH:E - Sets intensity of display.

ON IJNE - Toggles printer on and off data line.

IJNE FEED - Advances printer one line, or continuously if held down.

3.l.1 PRlNTER lNDlCA'lUR LIGHTS

PRlNTER ON - Indicates printer is receiving ac power.

READY - Printer ready to receive data.

ON LINE - Shows tha t printer is connected to data bus.

PAPER OUT - Printer paper supply depleted.

3.3 KEYOOARD OONTROLS

Following are the keys and two-key combinations that provide special functions, grouped according to type. Refer to Figure 3-Z for locations.

N01E

For two-key combinations, hold down the first key listed while pressing down the second key. In addition, all keys are of the "auto repeat" type, which repeat their function if held down for more than a second.

3.3.1 CURSOR t.DVEMENT KEYS

These are used to place the edit cursor in different locations on the screen.

(+ + + +) - Moves cursor in indicated direction.

CfRL ( + ) or CTRL ( .. ) - Shifts cursor to beginning of previous or following numbered message.

HOME - Places cursor at the beginning of transmit memory.

aaz 'lEXl' ED1TING KEYS

The TW5500 features buil t-in word-processingcapabilities, which are controlled by the text editing keys.

INS - Insertion key. Inserts space at the cursor position. It inserts 7Z spaces whenever it encounters a carriage return in a block of text, which preserves the page format.

DEL - Deletion key. Deletes character at the cursor position.

SHIFT DEL - Block deletion function. Deletes all text from cursor position to the next start-ofmessage marker.

SHIFf ( +- ) or SHIFT ( ... ) - Used to raise or lower the display TX/RX partition.

CLEAR - Erases all recei ved text above the display partition line.

SIDFf CLEAR (depress for 2 seconds) - Erases everything below the display partition line,

3-1

except in the protected area (refer to section 4.9.1) •

NOTE

Transmi t memory text that is scrolled off the top of the display area is not subject to the global SIllFTCLEAR erase. It can be scrolled down to the screen after this operation.

CAUTION!

Since the entire transmit buffer can be erased with the SHIFT CLEAR command, it should be used carefully-and only after the operator has become thoroughly skilled with terminal commands.

SHIFT MRKR -Generates astart-of-messagemarker (SIX) and sequential, three-digi t message number.

~KR -Generates ''NNNNNN,n followed. by an end-oftransmission marker (E/X). The "Ns" are used as a signal to shut down Selcal! systems.

BELL or SHIFf BELL - enters bell character in text.

33.3 OF£RATIONAL SI'ATUS KEYS

These keys are used to set a 'Variable on the terminal, or to switch a feature on/off.

SHIFT SELCL - Toggles Selcal! function on/off. Shows on status line as llSELCALL=ON."

SlllFTTRANSPOND - Same as above, but for Transpond feature.

MODE -Toggles automatic generation of a transmit null signal ("diddle"), required on some older mechanical equipment. Shows on status line as "D. If

SHIFT MODE - Selects baud rate and format (As:::III Baudot) of the system. Displayed on the status line.

TX/RX - Toggles the PTI' line on/off. Shows on status line.

SHIFT TX/RX - Starts transmission at cursor location after a one-second delay.

CTRL TX/RX - Initiates high-speed print of all transmi t buff er text from cursor posi tion to next end-of-message marker.

SIllFT HOME - Displays the special Transpond and Selcall menu. Press HOME to return to normal screen.

SHIFT @ - Toggles the "unshift-on-space" function on/off. Shows on status line as ''V."

3-2

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SIOC:'l1ON 4

BASIC OPERATION (NON ERROR-cDRROCTING MODE)

~1 INTRODUCTION

The following chapter is devoted to stan.d.ardRTIY operation. It is suggested that these operations be fully understood before attempting ARQ techniques (Section 5).

For those already familiar with the TW5500, a condensed guide to operations is found in Appendix A.

4..Z SIANDARD R'ITY RECEPllON

To ready the terminal for reception, it is first necessary to connect a suitable receiver and install the printer paper. See Section Z for installation details.

4.1..1 lNlTlAL CONTROL SE'ITIf«iS

1. The following switches should be on: POWER, DISPLAY and AUTO.

Z. Turn the ARQ switch off, and set BRILUANCE to the desired screen intensity.

3. Turn the SfATUS switch to I'NRM" (normal).

4. Select the desired frequency shift with the TONES control. Unless changed, the factory settings are: A-170 Hz B-4Z5 Hz C-850 Hz.

5. If necessary, press the ON LINE switch so that the printer "ON LINEn indicator is lit.

4..Z.Z RECEIVE BUFFER

Memory in the TW5500 is divided up into two display sections, known as the receive and transmit buffers. A partition line serves to separate the two, with the receive area residing above the line (Figure 4-1). The position of the partition can be adjusted up or down by pressing SHIFf (+) or SInn (+-). All text in the receive buffer can be erased by pressing CLEAR.

4..2.3 lNlTIAL KEYOOARD SEITINGS

Note: If the video display should abruptly become dark while operating the terminal, the "screen saver" function has become activated. Simply press S~ to restore the screen.

1. Select the desired baud rate and coding. The terminal operates in ei ther Baudot or ASCII codes at speeds of 45.5, SO, 75 and 110 baud. Press

SHIFT MODE until the correct code and speed are displayed on the status line.

2. If "I'X" is displayed on the status line, press TX/RX to select I'RX.II

3. The status line should display "Selcall=Of'F," If it is on, press SHIFT SELCL. (Selcall operation is discussed in Section 4.4.)

4. The status line should display IIXpond=OFF.u If it is on, press SHIFT TRAN SPOND. (Transpond operation is discussed in Section 4.10.)

5. Turn the "unshif t-on-space" feature on (see Section 4.3.2 for definition), as indicated by I'UII at the extreme right of the status line. If IIUII is not displayed, press SHIFT @.

6. Position the partition line in the middle of the screen with SInFT (+) SHIFT (+-). Press CLEAR to eliminate any text in the receive buffer.

7. If the above procedure was followed correctly, the screen should look like Figure 4-1. If not, go through it again. (Note: The "D" that mayor may not appear on the right side of the status line concerns a transmitting feature, and will not affect reception. It can be ignored at this point.)

4..2..4 SlATUS SWl'lCH

The sense relationship between the mark and space tones must be identical at both ends of the circuit for communications to be acheived. For example, with the STATUS switch on 1Nruv1'1 (normal), in USB the space will be transmitted higher in frequency than the mark, while the opposite is true in LSB. Therefore, to maintain proper sense, both stations should use the same sideband.

Should two stations be on opposite sidebands, data will not be properly transferred. This sense imbalance can be overcome by turning the STATUS switch to IlREV," which reverses the relative mark and space positions. If the sense of one station is reversed, the other station must also use reversal. When two stations use opposite SSB filters, only one must use reverse status.

4-1

RX BUFFER AREA

TX BuFFER AREA

ALSO DISPLAYS:

TRANSMIT (FLASHING} MENU(TRANSPOND/SelCALl XPONDING

RESET CHARACTERS

INDICA TES SELCALL TRANSPOND REMANING IN

TX OR AX STATUS STATUS TX BUFFEA

BAUDOT OA AseH AVAILABLE IN: 45.5, 50, 7S AND 110 BAUD

UNSHFT-ON-SPACE

TX/RX PARTITION l1NE

FlGURE 4-1. Video Display in Receive Mode. See text.

OPERATING FREQUEtCY CONSlDBRATJONS

Various radio services have different methods of specifying operating frequency. Therefore, to establish frequency agreement, it is important that the relationship betweensidebands,markand space frequencies and suppressed carrier frequency be understood.

Consider the typical case, where specified opera ting frequency and suppressed carrier frequency are identical. The actual mark and space frequencies will then be displaced from the suppressed carrier by an amount equal to the audio frequencies used (Figure 4-2 A).

In some instances, the operating frequency is specified as the midpoint between the mark and space. To determine where the radio should be tuned for USB operation, subtract the midpoint frequency of the tone pairs from the specified

operating frequency (Figure 4-2 B). For LSB, the midpoint frequency must be added. For the tone pairs set by the factory, the midpoint frequencies are: 1360 Hz for 17~Hz shift, 1487.5 Hz for 425-Hz shift and 1700 Hz for 850-Hz shift.

4..Z.6 RlOC:EIVER 11JN]R;

If precise, digital tuning is not available, some other means must be used to ensure that the mark and space tones are being correctly received. The modem tuning display (Figure 4-3) is provided for this purpose. After the recei vel' has been roughly tuned, the display is used in conjunc tion with the clarifier or fine tuning control to achieve perfect frequency agreement. In addi tion, the tuning display provides terminal status information.

When the above procedures have been met and an RTIY signal is present, the terminal will begin displaying received data above the partition line. As data fills this receive buffet area, it

4-Z

l

LSB

SP'-CE (3 SHIFTS)

850 Hz

MARK ('275 Hz)

SUPPRESSED CARRIER FREQUENCY DISPLAYED BY THE RAOIO

~

MARK ('275 Hz)

!

SPACE (3 SHIFTS)

8S0 Hz llHIFT

425 Hz

426 Hz SHIFT

f4-----'275 Hz---- __ ~----1276 Hz------.! '~f

110 I SHIFT

~ I r--

I

I I I I I I

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1

9,0 MHz

{

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9,00'700
MHz MH.
9.001445 9,002125
MHz MH. J
USB (A)

SPACE (,445-Hz TONE)

su .. ~::~~~,~~ ... ' .~"~~:~'''~j

170 Hz

SHIFT MIDPOINT r-;~(1360H')

I

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1

1

SET RAOiO TO; 8.99864 MHz (9.0 MHz-,360 Hd

9,00 MHz SPECIFIED OPERAT1NG FREOUENCY

(B)

At (A), relationship between audio tones, shift and suppressed carrier frequency. Note inversion of mark/space transmi tted frequency relationship for two sidebands.

A t (B), det ermining proper di al-up frequency for mark/space midpoint specification.

FIGURE 4-2. Operating Frequency Considerations,

4-3

ON WHEN

DC POWER IS ON

ON WHEN AUTOSTART IS IN USE

[)

I I o I

..

-t---INCORRECTLY TUNED SIGNALS

_ UNEQUAL MARK/SPACE LENGTHS

~ L ON IN MARK CONDITION

~ ~MARK AMPLITUDE

-;-:U;;;ARK MARK

LEVEL

SPACE

LOCAL SPACE LEVEL~_

ON WHEN PTT .18 •• LED/----\- \_ .... CE ...... ITU.E

~ ON.lN SPACe CONDITION

ON AUTO MARK

III DO.

-ot--+-~ORRECTLY TUNED SIGNAL MAXIMUM BAR LENGTH MARK/SPACE EQUAL

FlGURE 4-3. Modem Tuning Display. This allows for precise tuning of an R'lTY signal. Adjust the receiver until both mark and space level bars are of equal and maximum length.

LOCAL SPACE

4-4

will automatically scroll off the top of the screen to make more room. It should be noted. that once receive data has moved off the screen, it is irretreivable. To prevent data loss, the printer should be used as detailed in Section 4.2.8.

4..2.7 CIBARnI:i IUX:EIVED TEXT

To clear the receive buffer area (Figure 4-1) of unwanted text, press CLEAR.

4.2.8 PRlNTER

To use the printer it must first be placed on line, which is indicated by the front-panel light. Pressing the ON LrnE button toggles the printer function on/off.

Since the printer contains its own buffer memory, it will not print until a carriage return is encountered, If none exist, the buffer loads up with 80 characters, then automatically prints out a line. Improper text formatting is often caused by the transmitting station not sending any carriage returns.

The LINE FEED switch moves the paper up one line at a time when pressed, and continuously when held down. It is only operative in the "off linen condition, as indicated by the LEDs.

4.1..9 PIUN'I'ER msr

A built-in facility is provided for testing the printer. To use it, switch the main power on with the LrnE FEED button depressed. The printer will then undergo an internal test routine, and if operating correctly, will print out the entire character set and reset for normal operation.

4.3 sm:::IAL FEATURES

4.3.1 AUTOsrART

In the presence of atmospheric or other noise, the terminal will sometimes display unwanted, random characters. The autostart circuit eliminates this condition by prohibiting terminal response unless it recognizes the presence of true data. To enable autos tart, flip the AUTO switch on (the modem tuning display will indicate n AUTO'1). This feature should not be used when Selcall operation is desired (see Section 4.4).

4..3.2 UNSBIFr-QN-SPACE {USOS}

Since the Baudot code has only 32 characters, a special character must be used to change from the alphabet set to the figures set. In older, mechanical teletype machines the "LTRS" AND

1IFIGS" keys are used for this purpose. The TW5500 does not utilize these keys, but automaticall y gener a tes the figures shif t whenever necessary. The U 50S function automatically generates the shift to return to the alphabet set. It is toggled by pressing SIllFr @, and indicated by a ''1]1' on the right end of the status line.

Some older teletype machines will stay in "figures" when sending tables of nwnbers, without reverting to "let tees" after a space. If the TW5500 has the U 50S enabled duringtbis condition, garbled reception will result. Therefore, the USOSshouldnormallybe lefton, but turned off if problems are encountered with groups ofnurnbers.

4..4 SEIJOC:TIVE CAU.II«i (SElCALL)

The Selcall feature enables the terminal to respond only to messages specifically addressed to it. In this manner the terminal can be continuously left on, displaying and printing only the messages that are wanted.

4.4.1 SElCAlL CODE ASSIiNMENTS

Selcall functions on the basis of each terminal having an eight-digit code that it will respond to. Messages destined for a specific terminal must simply be preceded by the proper code. The TW5500 has the additional capability of responding to a pair of unique codes per terminal. In a communications network, this allows response to an "all-call" code as well as to a unique, individual station code.

Selcall codes can be any eight-digit, alphanumeric designator. To enter the codes:

1. Press SHIFt' HOME. A special menu will be displayed (Figure 4-4). 'lvrnNU' will apppear on the status line.

2. Move the cursor to the area right of "SELCAL A" by using the "arrow" keys.

3. Enter any eight-digit code. Do the same for "SELCAL B." These codes will be retained in memory, even with the power removed, until changed. Press HOME to return to the normal screen.

lMPORTANl1

Even if only one Se1call is to be used, codes must be entered in both the "A" and "B" areas. If one area is left blank, the Selcall will not discriminate against incoming messages and will become ineffective.

4-5

EIGHT-DIGIT SELCALL.

AX WINDOW

INDICATES SELCALL STATUS

INDICA TES MENU IS SELECTED

SPECIAL TRANSPOND/SELCALL MENU

12345678

ENTER SELCALL HERE

ENTER SELCALL HERE

ENTER TRANSPONO CODES HERE

FJJURE 4-4.. Video Display Showing Transcall/Selcall Menu with Selcall Function Enabled.

4.4.Z SElCAlL RECEPTION

To prepare the terminal for a Selcall:

1. Press SHIFT SEI£L so that II SELC A irON " is displayed on the status line.

Z. Turn the AUTO switch off. The autostart feature is not needed in the Selcall mode andean possibly inhibit operation.

The terminal is now ready to receive a Selcall tr ansmission,

4.4.3 SElCALL DISPLAY FEATURES

When the Selcall feature is being used, operation of the display is somewhat different. A feature is provided to permit monitoring of all data on the channel, even that not preceded by the proper code.

A special, eight-digit "window" is found at the bottom left corner of the receive buffer area

(Figure 4-4}. All data on the channel can be viewed here, scrolling from right to left. Information going through the window does not enter memory and will not be printed.

Upon reception of one of the two valid codes, two important changes will be observed:

1) The eight-digit "window" is eliminated, and the display will begin filling up with data in the entire receive buffer area. If on line, the printer will function,

2} As soon as the proper code is received, the terminal will automatically generate a start-ofmessage marker and three-digitmessage numbeeog the transmit buffer side of the screen. In addition, the incoming message will be displayed in the transmit buffer as well (Figure 4-5). This feature serves to allow retransmission of incoming Selcall messages without retyping. (Messagemarkers, numbering and transmission are fully explained in Section 4.7.)

VALID SELCALL CODE DISPLA YEO IN WINDOW

(ZL 1 ~W6'\ THIS IS A TEST. NNNN

TX/RX BUFFER - - _

PARTITION LINE

~ S/X~ 8 2 J THIS IS A TEST. NNNN

ST ART -OF-MESSAGE MARKER L

AND NUMBER AUTOMA TlCALL Y FOUR "Ns" ARE NECESSARY

GENERATED UPON SELCALL RECEIPT TO SHUT OFF SELCALL

FlGURE 4-5. Valid Selcall Code Reception. Upon Selcall receipt, the window will "open" and display messages in both the receive and transmit buffers.

4-7

4.4.4 TERMINATION OF SElCAIL RECEPTION After a proper code is received, the terminal will remain in the Selcall mode until four IONs" in a row are received. It is important that the transmitting station include this signal at the end of all Selcall messages to prevent subsequent display and printing of unwanted data.

4.5 IN CASE OF RECEPTION PROBIEMS

If the preceding information has been followed, the TW5500 should receive according to specifications. However, if problems occur, check the following points:

NO lliDICATION ON MODEM TUNlNG DISPLAY:

1) Make sure receiver is properly connected to terminal (see Section 2.3).

Z) Check receiver tuning.

TUNING DISPLA Y SHOWS EITHER MARKOR SPACE ENERGY, BUT NOT BOTH:

1) Check receiver tuning.

2) TONES control (shift) may be improperly set (see Section 2.l.2).

3) Shift of other station may be different than those programmed in TW5500 (see Section 2.2.2).

ENERGY PRESENT IN sora MARK AND SPACE, BUT TEXT IS GARBLED:

1) Baud rate and/or coding may be incorrect (see Section 4.2.3).

Z) Try reversing STATUS switch (see Section 4.2.4) .

3) Other station may be using data encryption.

TEXT DISPLA "tED ON SCREEN, BUT NOT ON PRlNTER

1) CheCK that printer is on line (see Section 4.2.8) •

4.6 SfANDARD RTrY TRANSMISSION

4.6.1 INlTIAL CONI'ROL SE'ITINGS

Refer to Section 4.2..2 for proper settings.

4.6.2 1NlTlAL KEYBOARD SETTINGS

1) Refer to Section 4.Z.3 for proper settings. 2) Check that a ''D'' appears on the right side of the status line (Figure 4-1). If not, press MODE to initiate the "diddle." (This feature is explained in Section 4.9.2.)

3) Press HOrvrE. This places the cursor at the start of the transmit buffer.

The terminal is now prepared for message transmission.

4.~ TRANSMIT BUFFER

The transmit and receive buffers are separated by a partition line, with the transmit area residing below. To move the partition ei ther up or down, P;;;; SIllFI' (+) or SHIFT (+).

Total capacity of the transmit buffer is 13,536 characters. As text is entered, the amount of memory still available is displayed on the status line (Figure 4-1). When the screen becomes full with text, it will automatically scroll uptomake display room. Unlike the receive buffer, transmit text that has scrolled off the screen is not lost and can be scrolled back through use of the editing keys (described in Section 4.8).

To warn against over filling the TX buffer, which would result in a loss of data, a beeper will sound whenever text appears in the first ten spaces of the last buffer line. The beeper will continue to sound until the last line is cleared or the printer is taken off line.

4.6.4 'UVE. TRANSMISSION

The simplest method of transmission is to manually switch the terminal to transmit and type the message in Ureal time. II A drawback of this method is that editing features cannot be used. Errors in typing will be transmitted as entered.

To transmit "live," press TX/RX and check that "TX" and a flashing "TRANSMIT" symbol occur on the status line (Figure 4-1). The transmitter will automatically be keyed. As the message is being typed, a reverse video cursor will follow the text, indicating which character is being transmitted. If text is typed faster than the transmission speed, the message goes into memory, allowing the transmit cursor to eventually catch up.

A local "echo" feature is provided, which loops a small amount of transmit audio back to the terminal receive circuitry during transmission. The result is that transmissions will also be dispayed above the partition line, in the receive buffer ar;a.- If the printer is on line, transmitted messages will be printed in italic typestyle, so as not to be confused with received text.

4-8

4.6.5 SI'ORED MESSAGES

A more versatile method of transmission is to firs t compose the message, store it in memory and select it later for transmission. An added benefit of this method is the ability to use the builtin editing features of the terminal. In addition, the terminal is capable of duplex operation, allowingthe operator to enter messages in the transmit buffer while another message is actively being received.

To put messages into memory simply involves typing while the terminal is in the edit mode, as evidenced by "RXn and "EDIT MODEn appearing on the status line. The edit keys can be used to make corrections, additions or deletions to the message before it is transmitted. (Editing features are described in Section 4.8.)

4.6.6 TRANSMISSION OF SI'ORED MESSAGES To transmit a stored message, move the cursor to the beginning of text with the "arrow" keys and press SHIFT TXjRX. The status line will display ''TX'' and a stationary '"TRANS&T" symbol, while the transmi t cursor moves along the message. When the cursor reaches the end of text, TXjRX must be pressed to stop the transmission, or the terminal

will continue to send spaces until it reaches the end of the buffer. The terminal will automatically return to receive at the end of a message if an end-of-message marker is incorporated, as explained below.

4..7 MESSAGE NtJM:BERlMi/MARK1l«i SYSTEM The terminal features an automatic numbering system, which allows for message identification and provides the basis for enhanced text editing capabilities. In addition to providing message numbers, the system provides start- and end-ofmessage markers, and a symbol to shut down receiving Selcall systems.

The start marker is activated by either of two conditions:

1. Operator placement.

2. Receipt of a Selcall code programmed in the terminal.

To place a start-of-message marker, press SHIFT MRKR. The terminal will generate a carriage return, followed by the start marker (SIX), a three-digit number and another carriage return (Figure 4-6).

CARRIAGE RETURN \TXIRX PARTITION LINE

~----------------START MARKER AND {/\

MESSAGE NUMBER SIX 283 /\

THIS IS A DEMONSTRATION

N's FOR SELCALL SHUT-OFF (~NNNNN /\

AND END MARKER \.._E/X

FIGURE 4-6. illustration of Message NlDllbering/Marking System.

4-9

The message counter begins at "OW" and increments to "999" before recycling. Number-s from {)()()-()()9 are reserved for manual entry by placing a start marker in the normal way, then typing over the automatically generated number. They can be used. for priori ty messages or in the protected-memory area (explained in Section 4.9.1).

NOTE

If the start marker is added to an existing message, place it two lines above the start of text to prevent accidental overwriting of anycharacters.

A t the end of the message, press MRKR. The terminal will insert a carriage return, "NNNNNN," another return and an end-of-messagemarker (EjX), as shown in Figure 4-6. The six "Ns" serve to shu t down receiving Selcall systems, as described in Section 4.4.4 (only four are actually required, the additional two exist in case of interference). The E/X will cause the terminal to automatically switch back to the RX/editmode when the transmit cursor encounters it.

Whenever a valid Selcall code is received, the terminal automatically assigns a start marker and number to the text displayed on the transmi t side of the partition line. The end marker must be inserted manually, however.

4.7.1 RESE'ITING THE MESSAGE COllN1'ER

To reset the message counter so that it starts at "010" again, turn the power switch on and off afew times while the HOME key is depressed. Release the HOME key and repeat. The counter shouldnow be reinitialized.

4..8 EDll"ThKi-

Unlike older, mechanical R'ITY machines, the t erminal contains powerful text editing capabilities. With these it is possible to make changes to the messages as they are being typed, or after they have been stored in ::nemory.

4..8.1 WORD WRAP

The terminal has a "word-wrap" feature that prevents words from being split and appearing on two different lines. If a word runs into the righthand margin, it will automatically be placed at the beginning of the next line.

4..8.Z CUROOR WVEMENT

The edit cursor can be moved in anumber of ways. Pressing the "arrow" keys move the cursor in the

indicated direction and will auto repeat if held down. The HOME key moves the cursor to the start of the transmit buffer, while CTRLHOME moves it to the end.

If the messages are marked and numbered, the curser can be moved from the start of one message to the start of either the previous or successive message in one jump. PressCTRL (+) orCTRL (+) respectively. If no other marker exists in the desired direction, the cursor will remain stationary.

4JU SIMPlE EDmNG

Move the cursor to the desired point and typeover the existing text.

4.8.4 DEIETIONS

For a simple deletion, place the cursor over the character to be removed, and press the DEL key. Holding the key down causes the auto repeat function to continue deleting text. Make sure the text is properly formatted after deletions (refer to Section 4.8.5).

Block deletion of complete messages may be executed, as long as end markers are present in the text. To erase an entire message, place the cursor over the first character to be deleted and press SHIFf DEL. Erasure will take place from the cursor to the next end-of-message (EIX) marker.

NO'IE

If no end-of-message maekers are present, all text following the cursor will be deleted, so use caution.

4.8.5 INSERTIONS

To insert space in the text, place the cursor in the desired location and press INS. Holding it down will invoke the auto repeat. When the insert function encounters a carriage return in the text, it will automatically insert a complete line of 72 spaces in order to preserve the page format ting.

4.8.6 REIDRMATI"JN] TEXT AFI'ER. EDlI'1NG After editing, use the DEL key to remove any unwanted spaces that may have resulted. Also, delete any carriage returns located within the lines, or the received text will be formatted differently than seen on screen. Make sure that a carriage return appears at the end of each line. If not, move the cursor there and press RETN.

4-10

4.8.7 HIGH SPEED .PRIN'I'lY} OF

TRANSMIT MESSAGES

Transmi t messages are locally "echoed" to the printer during transmission. Therefore, messages sent will be automatically printed at the completion of each line. If a copy of a stored message is required before transmission, move the cursor to the beginning of text, and pressCTRL TX/RX. A high-speed print of the text will take place, regardless of the set baud rate. Printing will automatically stop when an end marker is encounteredo (All transmit text will be printed in italic type style).

NOl'E

If no end marker exists, the printer will continue to print all text, including blanks, until the end of memory is reached. If this condition occurs, take the printer off line by pressing the ON LINE button.

4..9 SPtOC:IAL FEATURES

4.9.1 m.on:cnm MEMJRY AREA

To prevent accidental erasure of critical messages, eight lines of protected memory have been reserved. Messages stored here are not affected by the SHIFI' DEL command.nor can they be run out of the memory by overloading the transmi t buffer.

Access to the protected memory is achieved by first callingup the Transpond/Se1call menu (press SHIFT'MODE). The cursor should be resting in the uppermost left edge of the menu. If not, place it there wi th the "arrow" keys. Press UP ARROW and the cursor will move to the beginning of the protected area.

Messages can be numbered and marked in the usual manner, with one exception: none of the editing keys will function in this area. Therefore, all changes and/or deletions must be done by typing over. Since priority text is usually stored here, it is recommended that reserved message numbers uOCJO" to "009" be used to further enhance security. To exit this area, press HOME.

4.9.2 "DIDDlBn

This term refers to the generation of a null signal when there is no data being sent in the transmit mode. It is toggled on/off by pressing MODE, and is displayed as a ''D'' on the status line (Figure 4-1). When it is disabled, only the mark tone (an unmodulated carrier) is sent during idle periods.

Wi th the diddle on, both mark and space tones are sent.

It is recommended that the diddle be left on so that the transmission is recognizable as an RTIY signal, even in the absence of data. The diddle also enables the receiving operator to tune in the signal when there is no data being transmitted. Older, mechanical teletype machines use this signal to keep the motor running during idle periods in a transmission.

4.9.3 TRANSMl"l"l"DKi SELCAlL MESSAGES Although Selcall is a receiving feature (Section 4.4), the transmitting station must follow a certain format to assure proper operation. A Selcall message must always be preceded with the proper eight-digit code. It is recommended that the code be entered three times in a row to ensure access to the terminal in case of interference. After typing the text, the message must be completed with an end marker (press MRKR). This assures that the receiving station Selcall will be shut off by the ''NNNNNN'' termination signal.

4..9.4 "WHO ARE YOU?- PROVISION

The TW5500 will respond to the "Who are you?" interrogation commonly used in Telex networks. When the Baudot character "F1GSD" is received, the terminal automatically identifies itself by transmitting the eight-digit code entered into the Selcall A slot. This tzansmiasion is fully automatic and does not require any operator control.

4..10 TRANSlUND

4.10.1 INTROrnx;rroN

The Transpond feature allows stored messages to automatically be retrieved by another station. This allows unattended operation of one tenninal. Transpond may also be used for path quality evaluation.

Much like Selcall, Transpond functiona on the principal of receiving a valid eight-digit code. When it is received, all messages with numbers assigned to that code will automaticallybe transmitted from memory. When transmission is complete, the terminal automatically resets back to receive, and is ready for another Transpond request.

4-11

4.10.Z TRANSPOND CODE ENTRY

1. Press SIDFr HOME to call up the Transpond/ Selcall menu (Figure 4-4).

Z. Use the "arrow II keys to place the cursor in one of the ten Transpond code locations. Enter an eight-digit, alphanumeric Transpond code.

IMPORTANn

The first character of the code must not be a blank. To change or delete a code requires typing over, since the edit keys do not function within the Transpond/Selcall menu.

4.10-3 TRANSPOND MESSAGE ENTRY

1. Move the cursor to the "ME SSAGE NUMBERI1 area of the Transpond menu.

Z. Enter the message number(s) adjacent to the corresponding Transpond code, using all three digits (e.g., "OGSI1 for 1125'1). If more than one message number is assigned per code, leave a space between them. When a number is entered. for which no message exists, the system will ignore it. To change or delete a code, simply type over the existing one.

3. Press HOME to return to the normal screen.

4..10.4 TRANSlUND OPERATION

Press SHIFrTRANSPOND to toggle the feature on, as indicated on the status line. Upon receipt of

a valid code, the terminal will automatically enter the Transpond mode, as indicated by a flashing "XPONDThlG" sign on the status line. Upon completion of the transmission, the terminal will reset and indicate l'EDIT MODE. rr

To recei ve the Transpond messages of another station, enter a valid code in the transmit buffer and follow it with an end-of-message marker. Treat the code as a message and send it per Section 4.6.6, wi th the exception that TX/RX will not have to be pressed at the end of transmission. The terminal should automatically switch to receive and begin displayingthe Transpond messages.

IMroRTANT!

The end marker must always be used when sending Transpond requests. It ensures a rapid and automatic return to receive, so that none of the incoming Transpond message is lost.

4.10.5 PAm QUALITY EVALUATION

The Transpond feature is also useful for path evaluation. By requesting a Transpond message, signal strength and quali ty from the other station can be checked before sending a Selcallmessage, ensuring that the other terminal is being accessed. This is especially useful in the case of unat tended operation.

4-12

SECTION 5

ARQ (ERROR~RREC'I'll«i) OPIlON

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This section deals specifically with the errorcorrection features available through the ARQ option. Two modes of error correction are provided, ARQ and FEC, which both operate under the ccm 476-2 protocol. This makes the TW5500 compatible with most other ARQ terminals, the majority of which use the same standards.

Many of the TW5500advancedmessagehandlingfeatures, such as Transpond, are available for use in conjunction with error correction. These features may not be available in other manufacturers' ARQ systems.

sz mItCIPLES OF OPERATION

5.l..1 AR.Q

ARQ, or Automatic Repeat Query is a system of error correction that works on the "handshake" principle. Characters are transmitted in groups of three, using a code with a constant mark/space ratio. The receiving terminal examines the incoming group for the proper ratio, and on this basis, determines if an error is present. If one is detected, the receiving station will transmit a request for repeat. This process will continue until the three-character group is received correctly.

Since the receiving station must continually provide acknowledgement to the sender, the transmitters on both ends must alternately switch on and off with every three-character group. Approximately 50070 of the transmission cycle consists of switching and acknowledgement signals, giving the lOO-baud data rate an effective throughput of about SO baud (under ideal conditions).

IMPORTANT!

The relatively fast transmit/receive switching times of ARQ operation require special consideration. Although all Trans World Communications transceivers feature optional ARQ compatiblility, other manufacturers' units may not. Contact the factory for technical compatibility information.

s.zz FFX;

FEC, or Forward Error Correction, provides substantial immunity from errors without "handshaking" between stations. Also known as the "broadcast

mode," an FECmessage can be sent simultaneously to many stations.

Like ARQ, FEe characters use the same special coding, but each is sent two times. If both characters are received correctly, only one will be printed out. An error in only one of the pair will cause the correct one to be used. If both characters contain errors, a printed error will result.

Since FEC does not ask for repeats of data lost under poor conditions, it is not as effective as ARQ. However, it will eliminate most errors on circui ts providing mar gina!, standard RTIY copy.

5.2..3 MONlTOR WDE

This feature allows reception of ARQtransmissions between two other stations. Since the monitoring station is not part of the ARQ handshaking, it will print everything that is transmitted, includingerrors and repeats. The quality of reception, therefore, will depend on the circuit between the other two stations.

5.3 FRONT PANEL CONTROLSfIND1CATORS

NOTE

Before attempting ARQ or FEC operation, read Section 4 to become familiat with basic RTIY operating techniques.

In addition to the controls described in Section 3, the ARQ/FEC system utilizes five additional controls and eleven indicators (Figure 5-1). Operators should become familiar with these before attempting operation. More detailedexplanations are found later in this section.

ARQ/FEC CONTROLS:

ARQ ON/OFF - Turns the ARQ system on or off. In the off position, the TW5500 operates in the normal R TTY mode.

RESET - Initializes the system. Also used to change the local ARQ Selcall code.

ARQ/SI'BY-Dual function. Used to enter ARQmode from standby. Returns system to standby from ali other modes.

5-1

ARQ ON C::=J
ENTER ~ D
CJ RESET
STSY
PHASE CJ D
TRAFFIC c:=J ARQ/STBY
IDLE c::J
OVER CJ D FEe/OVER
REPEAT c:::=J
ERROR CJ D
MON/CLR
ECHO CJ
SEND r=J
FGURE 5-1. ARQ Controls and Indicators.
(ARQ On/Off Switch is shown in Figure 3-1). FOC/OVER - Dual function. Used to enter FEe transmit from standby. In ARQ mode, used to "break in" on the sending station.

MON/CLR -Dualfunction. Used to monitor other ARQ transmissions. Also clears ARQ text buffer.

JMroRTAN'I1

The four push button switches interrupt the terminal software routines, which may result in a two- to three-second delay before the desired command is executed.

ARQIFEC lNDlCATORS:

ARQ ON - Indicates ARQ switched on.

ENTER - Invites entry of other station Selcall.

SI'BY - System initiated and standing by.

PHASE - System attempting to synchronize with other station.

TRAFFX> Indicates traffic is actively beingsent.

IDLE - Link is achieved, but no traffic is being handled.

OVER - System is changing from sender to receiver, and vice versa.

REPEAT - Receiving station requesting a repeat due to error.

ERROR - Error received; transmitting station requested to repeat data.

ECHO - Indicates that ARQ echo of transmitted text is activated.

SEND - Indicates system in sending mode, or awaiting entry of other station Selcall.

5..4 ARQIFEC lNlTlAL CONTROL SE'ITIltKiS Note: If the video display should abruptly become dark while operating the terminal, the "screen saver" function has become activated. Simply press SFDJ!r to restore the screen.

1. Turn the POWER and AUTO switches off.

Z. Turn ARQ and DISPLAY switches on.

3. Turn the STATUS switch to ''NRM'' (normal).

4. Select the desired frequency shift with the TONES control. Unless changed, the factory settings 3l"e: A-170 Hz B--425 Hz C-850 Hz.

5. Turn POWER switch on.

6. If necessary, press the ON LINE swit ch so that the indicator is lit.

7. Set BRILLIANCE to desired screen intensity.

5-2

If the above was followed correctly, the status line should look like Figure S-Z. The ARQ circuitry automatically sets the baud rate/coding to 45.5 Baudot, disables the eight-digit Selcall function and turns the "diddle" off. (While in ARQ, these three func tions cannot be changed.) The terminal is now in the standby mode (ARQ and srBY lights on), and can be activated for FEC, ARQ or MONITOR modes.

NOTE

Use of unshift-on-space (U saS) is at the operator's discretion, and is indicated by a "U" on the status line. See Section 4.3.2 for an explanation.

5.5 FJOC; TRANSMISSION

To transmit an FEC message, simply push the FEC/OVER button from the standby mode (indicated when STBY light is on). The IDLE and SEND indicators will light, and the transmitter will automatically be keyed and ready to send data. A transmission can now be made by "live typing," or by sending a stored message with or without markers. (See Sections 4.6.4 through 4.6.6 for instructions on how to send messages.) TheTRAFFIG indicator will light while data is actually being sent.

5..6 FlOC; ROCEPI1ON

FEe transmissions can be received in the standby mode. From FEe transmit, push the ARQ/STBY button to return to standby.

s, 7 ARQ TRANSMlSSION/RECEPl'ION 5.7.1 GENERAL

Since ARQ works on the "handshaking" principle, it is necessary that a link be established between the two stations. Once the link has been started, both stations are in dedicated communication until the link is either manually dropped, or the circuit between them is lost for an extended period of time.

Each station must assign itself a four- or fivedigit RX Selcall for ARQ use (not to be confused wi th the eight-digit terminal Selcall described in Section 4.4). These unique designators allow the establishment of a link with a specific station, even though others may simul taneously be monitoring the same frequency.

5..7.Z RX SELCALL ENTRY

To assign an RX Selcall to the terminal, press SHIFT HOME to display the Transpond/Selcallmenu. In the lower right corner is a space marked "ARQ:" (Figure 5-3). Move the cursor to this space and enter either a four-digit alphabetical, or a fouror five-digit numerical code. If only four digits are used, be sure the code is justified against the left edge of the space. PressHOME to return to the normal display.

This Selcall will permanently remain in memory until it is manually changed. Upon power up with

MODE =45.5 BAUD BAUDOT RX XPOND =OFF EDIT MODE TX = 13536 U

FIGURE s-z. Proper Status Line Indicators for ARQ Standby Mode. See text.

PUT CODE LEFT JUSTIFIED IF ONL Y J 4 DIGITS ARE USED

WWLJ

ARQ:

FIGURE 5-3. Detail of Transpond/Selcall Menu illustrating ARQ Selcall Entry. See text.

5-3

ARQ on, the terminal will look for the Selcall in memory, display "RESET" on the status line, and if the code is valid, display an "OK" on the screen. If the ARQ switch is turned on after the main power, pushing RESET will also load the Selcall. Once the terminal has accepted the code, it will automatically gotothe standby mode (ARQ and STBY lights on), where it is ready to receive an ARQ transmission or enter another mode.

5.7.3 ARQ I..INK:IKi PR.OCEDURE

1. Set controls as outlined in Section 5.4.

2. Make sure the RX Selcall has been properly entered (see Section 5.7.2).

3. From standby, press TX/RX so that the status line displays "TX. II

NOm

The transmitter will not be keyed by this operation, as it would be in the standard RITY mode.

4. Push the ARQ/STBY switch. 'TX SELCAL:" will be displayed, and the ARQ, ENI'ER and SEND indicators will light.

5. Enter the Selcall of the station that communication is desired with. If it is a four-digit code, press RETN. If five digits, RETN is not necessary.

6. The transmitter will automatically switch on and off at approximately l/Z-second intervals, with the ARQ, PHASE and SEND indicators lit. At this point, the terminal is attempting to establish a link (phase) with the other station.

7. When the link has been established, the PHASE indica tor will go out and IDLE will come on. If the receiver audio is turned on, ARQ handshake signals from the other station will be heard.

5.7.4 TRANSMrITlNG ARQ MESSAGES

Once the ARQ link has been established (Section 5.7.3), the terminal is ready to transmit a message. The terminal that initiates the link automatically becomes the first sending station, as witnessed by the SEND indicator being lit.

Since "TX" is already displayed on the status line, one can simply begin "live typing" (see Section 4.6.4 for details). To compose or send a stored message, first press TX/RX to return to the edit mode. (See Sections 4.6.5 and 4.6.6 for an

explanation of how to send stored messages.) Note that as a message is being transmitted, it will simul t aneously be displayed in the recei ve buffer through the local echo feature. In ARQ, the echoed text will not appear until the receiving station has sent back a "received group ok" handshake. In this way, the operator can see how quickly data is being transferred, depending upon path conditions.

S. 7~5 CB:AH:ilNG DlRECTION OF

TRANSMISSION

Pressing the TX/RX key to display ''RX'' in the status line will not return the terminal to receive, as in standard RTTY. It is necessary to send the special signal "+?" at the end of the transmission. When this signal is sent, the OVER indicator will briefly light and the SEND indicator will go out. The other station then becomes the sender until the direction is again reversed.

IMPORTANT

When using an end-of-message marker, be sure to place the "+?" before it, or the signal will not be transmitted.

5.7.6 lNTERRUPI'IDN OF TRANSMISSION

BY RECEIVER

The receiving station can force the direction of transmission around, even while data is being transmitted by the other station. To reverse the transmitting direction, the receiving station must push the FEe/OVER button. The OVER indicator will momentarily light, followed by the SEND light, indicating that the terminal is now ready to transmit.

5.7.7 ARQ ERROR CORRECTION

The ARQ system provides error correction by requesting repeats of text improperly received. An operator can monitor the status of data sent by observing these four indicators:

TR.A.FF"J; - Indicates traffic is actively being sent.

IDlE - Link is acheivad, but no traffic is being sent.

REPEAT - Receiving station requesting a repeat due to error.

ERROR - Error received; tr ansrni tting stationrequested to repeat data.

5-4

5.7.8 LOSS OF TRANSMIssroN

In the event that 32 consecutive data blocks are received incorrectly, both stations interrupt normal operation and try to reestablish the link. The PHASE indicator will light during this process. If rephasing is successful, data transmission will automatically reswne at the point where the link was lost. No text is lost during drop-out periods, as nothing is sent from the buffer while the system is not in phase.

5.7 .. 9 S1'ORAGE BUFFER

The ARQ system utilizes a Z,OOO-character storage buffer that is independent from the terminal memory. Data from the TX buffer is entered into it at 45.5 baud, which is slightly less than the maximum rate of transmission when no repeats are requested. If repeats are occurring, the transmission rate is less than the data entry rate, causing the "excess" data to be stored in the ARQ buffer. Even when long messages are sent during conditions requiring many repeats, it is unlikely that the ARQ buffer will overflow.

It is important to note that the transmit cursor does not indicate what characters have actually been transmitted. Rather, it indicates what data has entered the ARQ buffer. (Followingtheechoed message on the receive side of the partition is the only accurate method of observingtransmission progress.) The ARQ buffer will contain data until the transmission is completed, at which point the IDLE indicator will light.

If the operator wishes to end the transmission before the message is completed, anydata remaining in the buffer must first be cleared. This is achieved by pushing the MONlIOR/ClEAR butten while the transmission is in progress. The "+?II symbol can now be sent to reverse the direction of transmission.

5.8 MONllURHi 0lBER ARQ TRANSMISSIONS It is possible to monitor ARQ transmissions between other stations by pushing the MONIIOR;O..EAR. but ton from the standby mode. Because the monitoring station is not involved in the ARQ "handshaking," it will display all errors and repeats.

5.9 S80CJAL FEATURES

5.9.1 TRANSPOND

The Transpond feature (Section4.1O) can be used when operating in the ARQ mode, using the following procedure:

1. Establish a link with the desired station in the normal manner (refer to Section 5.7.3).

2. When the IDLE indicator is lit, send the Transpond code, followed by "+?" to reverse the direction of transmission.

3. If an end-of-message marker has been used after the Transpond code, the terminal will au tomatically return to the edit mode, enabling the printer. If not, TXjRX should be pressed immediately after the direction of transmission has been changed.

5.9.Z nwno ARE YOU?- PROVISION

The TW5500 will respond to the "Who are you?" interrogation commonly used in SITOR ARQTelex networks. See Section 4.9.4 for an explanation.

5.10 RECEIVER OCANNING

When the ARQ mode is used wi th Transworld TWlOO 01' RTIOO series transceivers, the normal scan will automatically stop on any desired channel to receive transmissions or send Transpond messages. Consult the transceivermanual for details.

5-5

APPENDIX A

CONDENSED OPERATING nfSI'RUCTlONS FOR TW/RT5500 DATA TERMINAL

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APPENDIX A

CONDENSED OPERATING INsmUCTlONS FOR TW/RT5500 DATA TERMINAl., Continued.

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