Antibiotik

Golongan Chloramphenicol

1. Chloramphenicol
Ophthalmic
Ocular infections
Adult: Instill 1 drop of a 0.5% solution every 2 hr. Increase dosage interval upon improvement. To
continue treatment for at least 48 hr after complete healing. Reduce dose once symptoms are controlled
or apply a 1% ointment 3-4 times daily.

Oral
Bacterial meningitis, Anaerobic bacterial infections, Anthrax, Brain abscess, Ehrlichiosis, Gas
gangrene, Granuloma inguinale, Infections caused by H. influenzae, Listeriosis, Plague,
Psittacosis, Q fever, Severe gastroenteritis, Severe melioidosis, Severe systemic infections with
Camphylobacter fetus, Tularaemia, Whipple's disease
Adult: 50 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses increased to 100 mg/kg/day for meningitis or severe infections
due to moderately resistant organisms. Continue treatment after the patient's temperature has
normalised for a further 4 days in rickettsial disease and 8-10 days in typhoid fever.
Child: Premature and full-term neonates: 25 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. Full-term infants >2 wk: 50
mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. Children: 50 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses increased to 100 mg/kg/day
for meningitis or severe infections.

Otic/Aural
Otitis externa
Adult: Instill 2-3 drops of a 5% solution into the ear bid-tid.

Obat Paten Chloramphenicol

Mefamycetin Chloracol
Bufamycetin Microtina

2. Thiamphenicol
Oral
Sexually transmitted diseases, Susceptible infections
Adult: 1.5 g daily in divided doses, up to 3 g/day initially for severe infections.
Child: 30-100 mg/kg/day.

Oral
Gonorrhoea
Adult: 2.5 g/day for 1-2 days. Alternatively, 2.5 g on the 1st day followed by 2 g/day on each of 4
subsequent days.

Obat Paten :
Biothicol Canicol Lanacol
Ipibiofen Phenobiotik Thiamycin
 Gol Penicilin

1. Amoxicilin
Oral
Dental abscesses
Adult: 3 g, repeat once after 8 hr.

Oral
Uncomplicated acute urinary tract infections
Adult: 3 g, repeat once after 10-12 hr.

Oral
Uncomplicated gonorrhoea
Adult: 3 g as a single dose w/ probenecid 1 g.

Oral
H.pylori infection
Adult: 750 mg or 1,000 mg bid or 500 mg tid in combination w/ either metronidazole or
clarithromycin and a PPI.

Oral
Severe or recurrent respiratory tract infections
Adult: 3 g bid.

Oral
Actinomycosis, Biliary tract infections, Bronchitis, Endocarditis, Gastroenteritis, Gonorrhoea,
Mouth infections, Otitis media, Pneumonia, Spleen disorders, Typhoid and paratyphoid fever,
Urinary tract infections
Adult: 250-500 mg 8 hrly or 500-875 mg 12 hrly.
Child: <40 kg: 40-90 mg/kg daily in 2-3 divided doses. Max: 3 g/day.

Oral
Prophylaxis of endocarditis
Adult: 2 or 3 g as a single dose, 1 hr before surgical procedure.
Child: 50 mg/kg as single dose, to be taken 1 hr before surgical procedure.

Oral
Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis
Adult: As extended-release tab: 775 mg daily for 10 days.

Parenteral
Susceptible infections
Adult: 500 mg 8 hrly via IM or slow IV inj. Severe infections: May increase to 1 g 6 hrly via slow IV
inj over 3-4 min or by infusion over 30-60 min.
Child: <40 kg: 40-90 mg/kg daily in 2-3 divided doses. Max: 3 g/day.

Obat Paten :
Amoxan Dexymox Mestamox
Etamox Kalmoxilin Kemocilin
Widecilin Wiamox Wolfenox
Bintamox Hufanoxyl Novemox
3. Amoxicilin + As. Clavulanat
Intravenous
Prophylaxis of surgical infections
Adult: Based on amoxicillin dose: 1,000 mg up to 30 min before the procedure. For high risk
procedures, up to 2-3 further doses may be given 8 hrly.
Child: Based on amoxicillin dose: <3 mth 25 mg/kg 12 hrly; 3 mth <40 kg: 25 mg/kg 8 hrly.

Intravenous
Susceptible infections
Adult: Based on amoxicillin dose: 500 mg 8 hrly by slow inj over 3-4 min. In severe infections, may
increase to 1 g 6 hrly by slow inj over 3-4 min or infusion over 30-60 min.
Child: Based on amoxicillin dose: <3 mth 25 mg/kg 12 hrly; 3 mth <40 kg: 25 mg/kg 8 hrly.

Oral
Dental abscesses
Adult: Based on amoxicillin dose: 3 g as a single dose, repeated once after 8 hr.
Child: Based on amoxicillin dose: <40 kg: 20-60 mg/kg tid.

Oral
Severe or recurrent respiratory tract infections
Adult: Based on amoxicillin dose: 3 g bid.
Child: Based on amoxicillin dose: <40 kg: 20-60 mg/kg tid.

Oral
Infected animal bites, Melioidosis, Respiratory tract infections, Susceptible infections
Adult: Based on amoxicillin dose: 250-500 mg 8 hrly or 500-875 mg 12 hrly.
Child: Based on amoxicillin dose: <60>40 kg: 20-60 mg/kg tid.

Oral
Acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections
Adult: Based on amoxicillin dose: 3 g as a single dose, repeated once after 10-12 hr.
Child: Based on amoxicillin dose: <40 kg: 20-60 mg/kg tid.

Oral
Prophylaxis of endocarditis
Adult: Based on amoxicillin dose: 2 or 3 g as a single dose to be taken 1 hr before dental procedure.
Child: Based on amoxicillin dose: <40 kg: 20-60 mg/kg tid.

Oral
Eradication of H. pylori associated with peptic ulcer disease
Adult: Based on amoxicillin dose: 750 mg or 1,000 mg bid, or 500 mg tid. To be taken w/
metronidazole, clarithromycin or a PPI.
Child: Based on amoxicillin dose: <40 kg: 20-60 mg/kg tid.

Oral
Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis
Adult: Based on amoxicillin dose: As extended-release preparation: 775 mg daily for 10 days.
Child: Based on amoxicillin dose: <40 kg: 20-60 mg/kg tid.

Obat Paten :
Amoxyclav Coamoxiclav Claneksi
Dexylav Nufaclav Lansiclav
Syneclav
 Golongan Sefalosporin

1. Cefadroxil
Oral
Skin and skin structure infections, Streptococcal pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Urinary tract infections
Adult: 1-2 g daily as a single or in 2 divided doses.
Child: 6 yr <40 kg: 30-50 mg/kg daily as a single or in 2 divided doses, up to 100 mg/kg daily.

Obat Paten :
Cefat Etchicef Q-cef
Pyricef Widrox Sedrofen
Drovax Lostacef

2. Cefaclor
Oral
Otitis media, Respiratory tract infections, Skin infections, Soft tissue infections, Urinary tract
infections
Adult: 250-500 mg 8 hrly. Max: 4 g daily.
Child: >1 mth 20-40 mg/kg daily in 2 or 3 divided doses. Max: 0.75-1.5 g daily.

Obat Paten :
Medikoncef Chloracef

3. Cefixim
Oral
Susceptible infections
Adult: 200-400 mg daily as a single or in 2 divided doses.
Child: >6 mth <50 kg: 8 mg/kg daily as a single or in 2 divided doses.

Obat Paten :
Ceptik Lanfix Fixiphar
Comsporin Fixcef Sporetik
Cefila
 Golongan Macrolide

1. Azitromycin
Intravenous
Community-acquired pneumonia
Adult: 500 mg as single IV daily dose for at least 2 days followed by a single oral daily dose of 500
mg to complete 7-10 days of therapy.
Elderly: No dosage adjustment needed.

Intravenous
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Adult: 500 mg as single IV daily dose for 1-2 days followed by a single oral daily dose of 250 mg
tablet to complete a 7-day therapy.
Elderly: No dosage adjustment needed.

Ophthalmic
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Adult: Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) bid for 2 days, then once daily for the next 5 days.

Oral
Skin and soft tissue infections, Respiratory tract infections
Adult: 500 mg once daily for 3 days. Alternatively, 500 mg as a single dose on the 1st day followed by
250 mg once daily for 4 days.
Child: >6 mth 10 mg/kg; 15-25 kg: 200 mg; 26-35 kg: 300 mg; 36-45 kg: 400 mg. All doses to be
taken once daily for 3 days.
Elderly: No dosage adjustment needed.

Oral
Uncomplicated genital infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis, Chancroid, Non-gonococcal
cervicitis/urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis
Adult: 1 g as a single dose.
Elderly: No dosage adjustment needed.

Oral
Prophylaxis of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections
Adult: 1.2 g once wkly. For treatment or secondary prophylaxis: 500 mg once daily w/ other
antimycobacterials.
Child: 20 mg/kg once wkly. Max: 1.2 g. Alternatively 5 mg/kg once daily. Max: 250 mg.
Elderly: No dosage adjustment needed.

Oral
Uncomplicated gonorrhoea
Adult: 2 g as a single dose.
Elderly: No dosage adjustment needed.

Oral
Active immunisation against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi
Adult: 1 g once daily for 5 days or 500 mg once daily for 7 days.
Child: 3-17 yr 20 mg/kg (Max: 1 g) once daily for 5-7 days or 10 mg/kg (Max: 500 mg).
Elderly: No dosage adjustment needed.

Oral
Granuloma inguinale
Adult: Initially, 1 g followed by 500 mg daily. Alternatively, 1 g once a wk for at least 3 wk, until all
lesions have completely healed.
Elderly: No dosage adjustment needed.