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Anafora 2
Anafora 2
Anafora 2
(, , , )
2014030130
2014030182
PAM
SRRC ( Square Root Raised Cosine ) 2-PAM
4-PAM.
, , , X (t ) :
2
S X (F )= | ( F)|2
T
.3 X(t):
|F[ X (t )]|2
P X (F )=
T total
301 2: , .. ,
( =100 ):
semilogy:
301 2: , .. ,
,
bandwidth , .
1000 100, ,
,
E[X]:
,
, .
= 1000 ( (t) ):
301 2: , .. ,
.4 4-PAM X n n = 0, , (N/2)-1
00+3
01+1
: , ( .2) X n
111
103
, (t), X(t):
301 2: , .. ,
mean values
X(t) , semilogy
:
301 2: , .. ,
bandwidth ( )
.
semilogy:
301 2: , .. ,
,
(1+a)
W= = . 4-PAM .
(2 T )
.5 A.3 , = 2
301 2: , .. ,
Ts ,
plot semilogy :
= 1000:
301 2: , .. ,
301 2: , .. ,
( = 2 )
(1+a)
: W =
(2 T )
.6
, 4-PAM
bits
2-PAM.
, = 2,
(1+a)
W = .
(2 T )
, :
(, : ..)
E[Y (t)]=E[ X (t)cos (2 f 0 t +)]=E [X (t)]E [cos(2 f 0 t +)]=0
...=E [ X n (t + nT )X n (t nT )]
n
...= E [ X n (t + nT )X n (t nT )]
n
...= E [ X 2n (t + nT )(tnT )]
n
2 2
...= (t+nT ) (tnT )c2x ( x =E [X n ])
n
:
301 2: , .. ,
1
...=R XX (t+ ,t )E[ cos (2 f 0 )+cos (2 f 0 (t + )+2 )]
2
B.2
(t)
[ (t)]=0 ()
R (t + , t)R ( ) ( )
(non-WSS)
:
( :
1
R (t + + ,t + )= cos(2 f 0 t ) 2x (t+ +T nT ) (t+TnT )
2 n
1 2
...= cos (2 f 0 t) x (t+ +T (1n)) (t+T (1n))
2 n
(n = n-1)
1
...= cos (2 f 0 t) 2x (t+ +Tn' ) (t+Tn ' )
2 n
...=R ( t+ , t) )
1 1 1
RY ( )= RYY ( t+ , t)dt= R XX (t + , t) cos(2 f 0 )dt
T T T T 2
1 1
.....= cos(2 f 0 ) R XX (t+ , t)= cos(2 f 0 )RX ( )
2T T 2
1 1
: S Y ( F)=F {RY ( )}= F {cos (2 f 0 )RX ( )}= (S X (F+f 0 )+S X ( Ff 0 ))
2 4
301 2: , .. ,
B.4
()
()
301 2: , .. ,
MATLAB:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Nikolaos Gkouvatsos %
% Xrhstos Karageorgiou Kanhn %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
close all;
clc;
clear all;
%% A1
T = 1; % or 10^-2
over = 10;
Ts = T/over;
%A=4
A = 4;
% a = 0.4;
[phi1, t] = srrc_pulse(T, Ts, A, 0.4);
% a = 0.8;
[phi2, t] = srrc_pulse(T, Ts, A, 0.8);
%A=6
A = 4;
% a = 0.4;
[phi1, t] = srrc_pulse(T, Ts, A, 0.4);
% a = 0.8;
[phi2, t] = srrc_pulse(T, Ts, A, 0.8);
%-------------------
Fs = 1/Ts;
Nf1 = 2048;
f_axis1 = [-Fs/2 : Fs/Nf1 : Fs/2 - Fs/Nf1];
V1 = abs(Ts*fftshift(phi_f1) ).^2;
V2 = abs(Ts*fftshift(phi_f2) ).^2;
figure ();
semilogy(f_axis1, V1);
title(' (semilogy,N=1024) |(F)|^2')
hold on;
301 2: , .. ,
semilogy(f_axis1, V2);
legend('=0.4','=0.8');
hold off;
xlabel('f');
%% A2
N = 50; % or 100
b = (sign(randn(N,1))+1)/2;
X = bits_to_2PAM(b);
% (t)
Xd=zeros(1,N*over);
Xdt=linspace(0,N*T,N*over);
i=1;
for t=1:over:length(Xd)
Xd(t)=X(i);
i=i+1;
end
%---------------------------------
Xt=conv(phi1,Xd);
dt=linspace(tmin,tmax,length(Xt));
%---------------------------------
% X(t)
fft_phi=fftshift(fft(phi1,Nf1)*Ts);
% (t)
sum=0;
for i=1:length(Xt)
sum=sum+Xt(i);
end
average=sum/length(Xt);
var=0;
for i=1:length(Xt)
var=var+(Xt(i)-average)^2;
end
var=var/length(Xt); %!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
%
Sx=(var/T)*abs(fft_phi).^2;
301 2: , .. ,
%%
%A3
Ttotal=length(dt)*Ts; % (t)
P=abs((F_X).^2)/Ttotal;
F_P=linspace(-Fs/2,Fs/2,length(P));
% (t) "plot()"
figure();
plot(F_P,P);
xlabel(' F (Hz)');
ylabel('P(x)');
title(' X(t) plot');
% (t) "semilogy()"
figure();
semilogy(F_P,P);
xlabel(' F (Hz)');
ylabel('P(F)');
title(' X(t) semilogy');
% 100
% 1000
N=50;
for m=1:2
figure();
if m==1
graphs=100;
else
N=100;
graphs=1000;
end
for k=1:graphs
b=(sign(randn(N,1))+1)/2;
X = bits_to_2PAM(b);
% (t)
Xd=zeros(1,N*over);
Xdt=linspace(0,N*T,N*over);
i=1;
for j=1:over:length(Xd)
Xd(j)=X(i);
i=i+1;
end
%
Xt=conv(phi1,Xd);
%
tmin=t(1)+Xd(1);
tmin=t(end)+Xd(end);
dt=linspace(tmin,tmax,length(Xt));
301 2: , .. ,
F_Xt=fftshift(fft(Xt,Nf1)*Ts); %.F. X(t)
Ttotal=length(dt)*Ts;
P=(abs(F_Xt).^2)/Ttotal; % Px(F)
F_P=linspace(-Fs/2,Fs/2,length(P)); % P frequency
semilogy(F_P,P);
hold on;
end
%----------------LABELS---------------------
if m==1
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('P(F)');
title('100 ');
else
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('P(F)');
title('1000 ');
end
%----------------LABELS---------------------
hold off;
%
%------------------------------------------------
figure();
semilogy(f_axis1,Sx);
hold on;
semilogy(f_axis1,P);
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('P(F)');
legend('','');
if m==1
title(' (K=100)');
else
title(' (K=1000)');
end
hold off;
%------------------------------------------------
end
%%
%A4
N=N/2;
b=(sign(randn(N,1))+1)/2;
X1=bits_to_4PAM(b);
% (t)
Xd1=zeros(1,N*over);
Xdt1=linspace(0,N*T,N*over);
i=1;
for j=1:over:length(Xd1)
301 2: , .. ,
Xd1(j)=X(i);
i=i+1;
end
% <=> X(t)
Xt1=conv(phi1,Xd1);
%
tmin=t(1)+Xdt1(1);
tmin=t(end)+Xdt1(end);
dt1=linspace(tmin,tmax,length(Xt1));
% X(t) 4-PAM
figure();
plot(dt1,Xt1)
title(' 4-PAM');
ylabel('X(t)');
xlabel('Time t');
%
%---------------------------------------------------
% (t)
sum1=0;
for i=1:length(Xt1)
sum1=sum1+Xt1(i);
end
average1=sum1/length(Xt1);
var1=0;
for i=1:length(Xt1)
var1=var1+(Xt1(i)-average1)^2;
end
var1=var1/length(Xt1);
%
Sx1=(var1/T)*abs(fft_phi).^2;
%---------------------------------------------------
% (t)
%---------------------------------------------------
P1=(abs(F_Xt1).^2)/Ttotal1; % Px(F)
F_P1=linspace(-Fs/2,Fs/2,length(P)); % P frequency
figure();
semilogy(F_P1,P1);%
hold on;
semilogy(F_P1,Sx1);%
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('P(F)');
title(' X(t) 4-PAM');
legend('','');
301 2: , .. ,
hold off;
%
% 2-PAM 4-PAM
%SEMILOGY
figure();
semilogy(f_axis1,Sx);%
hold on;
semilogy(f_axis1,Sx1);%
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('Sx(F)');
title(' 2-PAM 4-PAM');
legend('2-PAM','4-PAM');
hold off;
%PLOT
figure();
plot(f_axis1,Sx);%
hold on;
plot(f_axis1,Sx1);%
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('Sx(F)');
title(' 2-PAM 4-PAM');
legend('2-PAM','4-PAM');
hold off;
%%
%A5
% 3
%-----------------------------------------
T1= 2; % 2*10^-2
over = 10;
Ts = T1/(2*over);
%-----------------------------------------
% ,
%-----------------------------------------
b = (sign(randn(N,1))+1)/2;
X = bits_to_2PAM(b);
% (t)
Xd=zeros(1,N*over);
Xdt=linspace(0,N*T1,N*over);
i=1;
for t=1:over:length(Xd)
Xd(t)=X(i);
i=i+1;
end
%---------------------------------
Xt=conv(phi1,Xd);
dt=linspace(tmin,tmax,length(Xt));
%---------------------------------
%-----------------------------------------
Ttotal=length(dt)*Ts; % (t)
P=abs((F_X).^2)/Ttotal;
F_P=linspace(-Fs/2,Fs/2,length(P));
% (t) "plot()"
figure();
plot(F_P,P);
xlabel(' F (Hz)');
ylabel('P(x)');
title(' X(t) plot');
% (t) "semilogy()"
figure();
semilogy(F_P,P);
xlabel(' F (Hz)');
ylabel('P(F)');
title(' X(t) semilogy');
% 100
% 1000
N=50;
for m=1:2
figure();
if m==1
graphs=100;
else
N=100;
graphs=1000;
end
for k=1:graphs
b=(sign(randn(N,1))+1)/2;
X = bits_to_2PAM(b);
% (t)
Xd=zeros(1,N*over);
Xdt=linspace(0,N*T1,N*over);
i=1;
for j=1:over:length(Xd)
Xd(j)=X(i);
i=i+1;
end
%
Xt=conv(phi1,Xd);
301 2: , .. ,
%
tmin=t(1)+Xd(1);
tmin=t(end)+Xd(end);
dt=linspace(tmin,tmax,length(Xt));
P=(abs(F_Xt).^2)/Ttotal; % Px(F)
F_P=linspace(-Fs/2,Fs/2,length(P)); % P frequency
semilogy(F_P,P);
hold on;
end
%----------------LABELS---------------------
if m==1
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('P(F)');
title('100 ');
else
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('P(F)');
title('1000 ');
end
%----------------LABELS---------------------
hold off;
%
%------------------------------------------------
figure();
semilogy(f_axis1,Sx);
hold on;
semilogy(f_axis1,P);
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('P(F)');
legend('','');
if m==1
title(' (K=100)');
else
title(' (K=1000)');
end
hold off;
%------------------------------------------------
end
%%
%4
T=1;
over = 10;
Ts = T/(over);
Fs=1/Ts;
figure();
for k=1:100
301 2: , .. ,
b = (sign(randn(N,1))+1)/2;
X = bits_to_2PAM(b);
% (t)
Xd=zeros(1,N*over);
Xdt=linspace(0,N*T1,N*over);
i=1;
for t=1:over:length(Xd)
Xd(t)=X(i);
i=i+1;
end
%---------------------------------
Xt=conv(phi1,Xd);
dt=linspace(tmin,tmax,length(Xt));
% [0,2)
%theta=randi([0 2*pi],1,1)
theta=unifrnd(0,2*pi);
fo=1; %
dty=dt;
cosine=cos(2*pi*fo*dty+theta);v
Yt=Xt.*cosine;
FY=fftshift(fft(Yt,Nf1)*Ts);%.F. (t)
Ttotal=length(dty)*Ts;
P=(abs(FY).^2)/Ttotal;% Px(F)
F_P=linspace(-Fs/2,Fs/2,length(P));% P frequency
semilogy(F_P,P);
hold on;
end
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('Sy(F)');
title(' ,100 ');
hold off;
% Y(t)
fft_phi=fftshift(fft(phi1,Nf1)*Ts);
% (t)
sum=0;
for i=1:length(Xt)
sum=sum+Yt(i);
end
average=sum/length(Yt);
var=0;
for i=1:length(Yt)
var=var+(Yt(i)-average)^2;
301 2: , .. ,
end
var=var/length(Yt);
%
Sy=(var/T)*abs(fft_phi).^2;
figure();
semilogy(f_axis1,Sy);
hold on;
semilogy(f_axis1,P);
xlabel(' F(Hz)');
ylabel('Sy(F)');
legend('','');
title(' ');
function [ X ] = bits_to_4PAM( b )
for k=1:length(b)-1
if ( b(k) == 0 && b(k+1) == 0 )
X(k)=3;
elseif (b(k)== 0 && b(k+1) == 1 )
X(k)=1;
elseif (b(k)== 1 && b(k+1) == 1 )
X(k)=-1;
elseif (b(k)== 1 && b(k+1) == 0 )
X(k) = -3;
else
return
end
end
end