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Weld Defect Wall Chart
Weld Defect Wall Chart
INCOMPLETE
PENETRATION: NONE ALLOWED UW-51 NONE ALLOWED UW-52
ROOT PASS
INCOMPLETE
PENETRATION:
DUE TO HI/LO FIT-UP
NONE ALLOWED UW-51 NONE ALLOWED UW-52
OR CROSS PENETRATION
(IDP) OR (ICP)
INCOMPLETE FUSION:
NONE ALLOWED UW-51 NONE ALLOWED UW-52
ROOT PASS OR SURFACE
(IF)
INCOMPLETE FUSION:
SIDEWALL OR BETWEEN NONE ALLOWED UW-51 NONE ALLOWED UW-52
BEADS(COLD LAP) (IF)
UW-51 UW-51
VT VT
Smoothly contoured concavity permitted if equal Smoothly contoured concavity permitted
INTERNAL CONCAVITY weld reinforcement is provided. if equal weld reinforcement is provided
(IC) UW-35, d UW-35, d
RT RT
See Elongated or Rounded indications below See Elongated or Rounded indications below
UW-51 UW-52
VT (UW-35) VT (UW-35)
The weld must be free of ripples, grooves, over- The weld must be free of ripples, grooves, overlap,
UNDERCUT: lap, abrupt ridges or valleys. Reduction in the abrupt ridges or valleys. Reduction in the
ROOT OR CAP PASS (UC) thickness from welding shall not exceed 1/32" thickness from welding shall not exceed 1/32"
or 10%t. RT or 10%t. RT
(See Elongated or Rounded Indications Below) (See Elongated or Rounded Indications Below)
UW-51 UW-52
Nominal Thickness Max Length Maximum lengh of 2/3t,with 3/4" Max. Maximun
GENERAL ELONGATED < 3/4" 1/4" total length is t in a length of 6t with 3/4"
INDICATIONS AND/OR 3/4" to 2 1/4" 1/3t maximum. If indications are aligned, the sum
SLAG INCLUSIONS: (SI) >2 1/4" 3/4" of the longest dimensions of all indications shall
Elongated Slag Inclusions(ESI) Aligned indications shall not exceed t in a length not exceed t in a length of 6t and the longest
Isolated Slag Inclusions(ISI) of 12t, unless the distance between successive indications are separated by at least 3L.
indications exceeds 6L. Any indication less than 1/4 " is acceptable.
UW-51 UW-52
less than 3/32" 3/32" 1/32" less than 3/32" 3/32" 1/32"
WELD REINFORCEMENT 3/32" to 3/16" incl. 1/8" 1/16" 3/32" to 3/16" incl. 1/8" 1/16"
(VT CRITERIA) Over 3/16" to 1/2" incl. 5/32" 3/32" Over 3/16" to 1/2" incl. 5/32" 3/32"
Over 1/2" to 1" incl. 3/16" 3/32" Over 1/2" to 1" incl. 3/16" 3/32"
Over 1" to 2" incl. 1/4" 1/8" Over 1" to 2" incl. 1/4" 1/8"
Over 2" to 3" incl. 1/4" 5/32" Over 2" to 3" incl. 1/4" 5/32"
Over 3" to 4" incl. 1/4" 7/32" Over 3" to 4" incl. 1/4" 7/32"
Over 4" to 5" incl. 1/4" 1/4" Over 4" to 5" incl. 1/4" 1/4"
Over 5" 5/16" 5/16" Over 5" 5/16" 5/16"
NOM. THICKNESS CIRCUM. JOINT LONG. JOINT NOM. THICKNESS CIRCUM. JOINT LONG. JOINT
1/2" 1/4t 1/4t 1/2" 1/4t 1/4t
>1/2" to 3/4" 1/4t 1/8" >1/2" to 3/4" 1/4t 1/8"
>3/4" to1 1/2" 3/16" 1/8" >3/4" to1 1/2" 3/16" 1/8"
MISALIGNMENT >1 1/2" to 2" 1/8t 1/8" >1 1/2" to 2" 1/8t 1/8"
(VT CRITERIA) over 2" lesser of 1/8t lesser of 1/16t over 2" lesser of 1/8t lesser of 1/16t
or 3/4" or 3/8" or 3/4" or 3/8"
(note 8) (note 8)
ACCUMULATIONS OF
NOT COVERED NOT COVERED
DISCONTINUITIES
For UT: See code case 2235-2, Appendix 12, For UT: See code case 2235-2, Appendix 12,
GENERAL NOTES AND UW-11(a) and UW-51(b). UW-11(a) and UW-51(b).
OTHER NDE
Note 1: Tw is the nominal wall thickness of the thinner of two components being joined by a butt weld.
Note 2: The height of reinforcement or internal protrusion in any plane through the weld shall be within the limits shown.
Note 3: Reference ASME Section VIII, Division 1 (Appendix 4).
Note 4: "t" is the thickness of the weld, excluding reinforcement. For butt welds, joining two members of different thicknesses at
the weld, (t) is the thinner of the two thicknesses.
PROCESS PIPING PIPELINES
ASME B31.3, 1999 EDITION (See Note 7) API STD. 1104, 19th EDITION
SEVERE CYCLIC CONDITIONS(100% RADIOGRAPHY) NORMAL FLUID SERVICE(5% RADIOGRAPHY)
Linear Cracks NOT ALLOWED.
NONE ALLOWED Table 341.3.2 NONE ALLOWED Table 341.3.2 Shallow crater/star cracks 5/32" long are
acceptable (9.3.10)
Maximum of 1" length for individual
Maximum depth of 1/32" and 20% of wall thickness indication; Combined total of indications
NONE ALLOWED Table 341.3.2 Maximum length of 1.5" in 6" of weld maximum of 1" length in any continuous
NONE ALLOWED IN LONGITUDINAL WELDS 12" of weld, or 8% of the weld length if less
Table 341.3.2 than 12". (9.3.1)
IPD - Maximum individual length of 2".
Maximum depth of 1/32" and 20% of wall thickness Maximum aggregate length of 3" in12" of
Maximum length of 1.5" in 6" of weld continuous weld. ICP - Max. individual
NONE ALLOWED Table 341.3.2
NONE ALLOWED IN LONGITUDINAL WELDS length 2". Max. aggtregate lingth of 2" in
and 12" of continuous weld.
Table 341.3.2 (9.3.2 and 9.3.3)
Maximum of 1" length for individual
indication; Combined total of indications
NONE ALLOWED Table 341.3.2 NONE ALLOWED Table 341.3.2 maximum of 1" length in any continuous
12" of weld, or 8% of the weld length if less
than 12". (9.3.2)
Maximum of 2" length for individual
indication; Combined total of indications
NONE ALLOWED Table 341.3.2 NONE ALLOWED Table 341.3.2 maximum of 2" length in any continuous
12" of weld, or 8% of the weld length if less
than 12". (9.3.5)
Maximum dimension shall not exceed1/4" or the
NOT SPECIFICALLY COVERED NOT SPECIFICALLY COVERED thinnest of the pipewall thicknesses being joined.
(See Elongated or Rounded (See Elongated or Rounded The sum of the maximum dimensions of separate
Indications Below) Indications Below) burn-thoughs shall not exceed 1/2" in any continuous
12" of weld, or the total weld length, whichever is
Table 341.3.2 Table 341.3.2 less. The density of any oportion or it's image
shall not exceed that of the thinnest adjacent
base metal. (9.3.7)
Internal concavity shall not reduce the total Internal concavity shall not reduce the total For an area exceeding the density of the
thickness of the joint, including allowable thickness of the joint, including allowable thinnest base metal, wee the criteria for
reinforcement, to less than the thickness of the reinforcement, to less than the thickness of the Burn-Through.
thinner of the components being joined. thinner of the components being joined.
(9.3.6)
Table 341.3.2 Table 341.3.2
Maximum individual length: 1/3Tw Maximum individual length: 2Tw Max. width of ESI is 1/16". Max. combined length of
Maximum width: 1/3 Tw and 3/32" Maximum width: 1/2 Tw and 1/8" ISI indications shall not exceed 8% of weld length.
Maximum Cumulative length: Tw in any 12 Tw of Maximum Cumulative length: 4Tw in any 6" of FOR PIPE OF <2.375"
weld length weld length Length of ESI indications shall not exceed 3 Tw.
Combined length of ISI indications shall not exceed
Table 341.3.2 Table 341.3.2 2 Tw and the width not to exceed 1/2 Tw.
(See note 1) (See note 1) FOR PIPE OF 2.375"
Length of ESI indications shall not exceed 2" in any
continuous 12" of weld. Combined length of ISI
indications shall not exceed 1/2" in any continuous
12" weld. Max. width of ISI is 1/8". Max. of 4 ISI
indications with 1/8" width in any 12" of weld.
(9.3.8)
For thickness 1/4" see ASME Section VIII, Div 1: Spherical:
UW-51 (Appendix 4. Max. dimension 1/8" or 25% Tw (9.3.9.2)
For thickness >1/4", all dimensions in Appendix 4 Cluster:
are multiplied by 1.5(i.e. Maximum size of indications Max. 1/2" diameter with max. individual pore
shall be .375t or .234". dimension of 1/16". Max. combined length 1/2" in
any 12" of weld. (9.3.9.3)
(See ASME Section VIII, Div. 1, App4) Hollow Bead
Max length is 1/2". Combined length of indications
shall not exceed 2"in any continuous 12" of weld.
Table 341.3.2 Individual indication greater than 1/4" in length shall
be separated by 2". Max. combined length of
Table 341.3.2 indications 8% of weld length.
(See Note 3) (See Note 4) (9.3.9.4)
Tw Max. Height Tw Max. Height
1/4" 1/16" 1/4" 1/16"
>1/4" to 1/2" 1/8" >1/4" to 1/2" 1/8"
>1/2" to 1" 5/32" >1/2" to 1" 5/32"
Over 1" 3/16" Over 1" 3/16"
NOT COVERED
(See note 1 & 2) (See note 1 & 2)
The inside diameter of components at ends to be The inside diameter of components at ends to be Maximum of 1/8". Greater offset caused by
joined must be aligned within the engineering design joined must be aligned within the engineering design dimensional variations shall be equally distributed
and weld proceedure. If external surfaces of the two and weld proceedure. If external surfaces of the two arounr the circumference of the pipe.
components are not aligned, the weld shall be tapered components are not aligned, the weld shall be tapered
between the two surfaces. between the two surfaces.
320.4.3 320.4.3
(7.2)
VT VT (PW-35)
Verticle Butt Joints: 1/64" Maximum The weld must be free of ripples, groves, overlaps,
Horizontal Butt Joints: 1/32" Maximum abrupt ridges or valleys. Reduction in the thickness (Same as ASME Section 1)
Attachment welds: 1/64" Maximum from welding shall not exceed 1/32" or 10%t. 136.4.5
RT
RT (See elongated or rounded indications below)
(See ASME Section VIII, Div 1, UW-51) PW-51
Nominal Thickness Max Length
< 3/4" 1/4"
3/4" to 2 1/4" 1/3t
>2 1/4" 3/4" (Same as ASME Section 1)
Aligned indications shall not exceed t in a length 136.4.5
(See ASME Section VIII, Div 1, UW-51) of 12t, unless the distance between successive
indications exceeds 6L.
PW-51
For UT: The acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon For UT: See PW-52 For UT: See PW-52
by the purchaser and manufacturer. RT
Para. 6.3 Geometric Unsharpness may not exceed
.07"