Hệ Thống Cơ Điện Tòa Nhà

H THNG C IN TA NH
H THNG C IN TA NH
A. H Thng in Nng:
a. Thuyt Minh H Thng in Nng
b. Cc Thnh Phn Trong H Thng in Ta Nh

1. Trm Bin p - T B Cng Sut
2. ATS - My Pht in - UPS

3. H Thng TrunKing - Tray Cable - ladder Cable
4. H Thng T in ng Lc - iu Khin
5. Tnh Ton Dy in - CB - Contactor
6. Tnh Ton My Bm Nc - ng Nc
7. Tnh Ton H Thng Chiu Sng
8. Tnh Ton h Thng Chng St
B. H Thng in Nh
a. Thuyt Minh H Thng in Nh
b. Cc Thnh Phn Trong H Thng in Ta Nh

1. H Thng H Tng Vin Thng Ta Nh.
2. H Thng Cp Mng My Tnh, Cp in Thoi, Tng i in Thoi.
3. H Thng Truyn Hnh Trung Tm CATV.
4. H Thng Camera An Ninh CCTV.

5. H Thng in Thoi Gi Ca - ng m Kha Bng Th T.
6. H Thng Pht Thanh Cng Cng

7. H Thng Kim Sot Xe Ra Vo
8. H Thng Qun L Ta Nh BMS
C. H Thng Lnh - Thng Gi.

1. H Thng iu Ha Dng Gas Lnh, iu Ha Bng Hi Nc Evaporative Air Cooler
2. H Thng iu Ha Trung Tm: Water Chiller, VRF, VRV .v.v.
3. Thng Gi Trong Ta Nh:

3.1 H Thng Qut Thng Gi - Qut Cp Gi Ti, Gi Thi.
3.2 H Thng ng Gi - Ming Gi.

3.3 Tng p Cu Thang.
Bin son : Nguyn ng Tun (https://www.facebook.com/thietkecodienvietnam/) Page 1

H THNG C IN TA NH
D. H Thng Cp Thot Nc
1. H Thng Cp Nc.
2. H Thng Thot Nc.
E. H Thng Phng Chy - Cha Chy

1. H Thng Phng Chy
2. H Thng Cha Chy
3. Gio Trnh Phng Chy Cc Thit B in Download
F. H Thng Khc:
1. Bi Gi Xe Dng Th T Thng Minh - CTY Phng Thnh Pht Download
2. Ti Liu k thut Busway -Power Duct- CTY Thng Long Download, So Snh Cp v Busway

H THNG C IN TA NH
A./ H THNG IN NNG :

Gii Thiu:
H thng in nng l h thng in chnh ca ta nh bao gm h thng in ng Lc v h

thng in iu Khin. S dng ngun in chnh 3 Pha 380 Volt hoc 1 pha 220 Volt.
Ngun Cp in Chnh:
Trm Bin p in Lc + T T B ==> ATS + My Pht ==> UPS lu in ==> Ti s

dng Trc tip.
Ti S Dng Trc Tip: Tng cn h s dng in 1 pha, My Bm Cp Thot Nc, Thang

My, iu Ha.v.v.
Thuyt Minh tng Thnh Phn Trong H Thng:
Ti liu h Thng Gim St Lp t C in Ca Thy Nguyn Anh M:
http://www.mediafire.com/?ajq8p55z87h611a
CHNG I : Trm Bin p - T B Cng Sut
I. Trm Bin p
* Gii thiu:
- Ta c th thy My bin p c dng mi ni, t my bin p dn dng dng trong qut
in n my bin p dng n p hoc dng trong cc main board in t.v.v. Mt trong
nhng ng dng ph bin l dng trong in lc: Trm bin p in lc tng h p trong
truyn ti in.
- T cc loi my bin p nh (my bin p kh gii nhit bng gi, hin ti ch to c

cng sut trn 2000 KVA), n cc my bin p ln hn c cun dy t ngp trong du (du
cch in v tn nhit ra l thp xung quanh my).
I.1/ Thuyt Minh Trm bin p:

- truyn ti cng sut in ln t ni sn xut n ni tiu th, th gii php tng in p

H THNG C IN TA NH
hn ch tn tht cng sut v gim gi thnh u t ng dy l mt la chn ti u.

- Lng cng sut ti truyn i cng ln th in p cng cao.
1. in p: Ngi ta phn ra lm 4 cp in p:
Siu Cao p: Ln Hn 500 KV
Cao p: 66kV, 110kV, 220kV v 500kV
Trung p: 6kV, 10kV, 15kV, 22kV v 35 kV
H p: 0,4kV v 0,2kV v Cc in p nh hn 1 KV.
2. Phn loi Trm Bin p theo in lc: Theo cch phn loi trn, ta li c 2 tn trm bin
p:
Trm bin p Trung gian: Nhn in p t 220 KV 35 KV bin i thnh in p ra
35 KV 15 KV theo nhu cu s dng.
Trm bin p phn Xng hay Trm bin p phn phi: Nhn in p 35 KV 6 KV
bin i thnh in p ra 0,4 KV 0,22 KV => y l trm bin p c dng trong
mng h p dn dng ta nh, thng thy l trm 22/0,4 KV.
3. Cng Sut My Bin p:

Gm cc my bin p c cp in p s/th cp: 35/0.4KV, 22/0.4 KV, 10&6.3/0.4
KV
Cng sut biu kin Trm ph bin: 50, 75, 100, 160, 180, 250, 320, 400, 500, 560,
630, 750, 800, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2500 KVA.
Cc cng ty Sn Xut v thi cng trm Bin p nh: Thibidi, C in Th c,
Lioa.v.v.
4. Cc n v cn quan tm trn trm:

S: Cng sut biu kin c ghi trn trm bin p (KVA)
P: Cng sut tiu th (KW)
Q: Cng sut phn khng (KVAr)
U: in p s cp v th cp ca trm (KV hoc V).
I: Dng in th cp (A), Dng in s cp thng rt t c quan tm.
I.2/ Tnh Ton V La Chn Trm Bin p H p :
1. Xc nh trung tm ph ti v v tr t trm:
Tnh ton trung tm ph ti v v tr t trm nhm tit kim dy dn, hn ch st p v
tn hao cng sut ca mng in.
Nhng cn i gia tnh m quan cng nghip, gn li in lc v m bo hnh lang
an ton in ng dy.

H THNG C IN TA NH
2. Xc nh s lng bin p (h loi 1, 2 v 3):

H loi 1: Duy tr ngun in lin tc trn ng dy h p t trm, Cn 2 My Bin
p tr ln trn 1 trm. H loi 1 l loi nh hng n sinh mng con ngi hoc an
ninh quc gia. Nh bnh vin, trm x hoc cc ta nh quc hi, cc b quc
phng.v.v.
H loi 2: c nh hng v kinh t, so snh v chn phng n mt hay hai my bin
p trn 1 trm. VD: Nh my thp, nh my sn xut knh .v.v.
H loi 3: Mt in t nh hng n kinh t. Nn c th ct in sa cha.
3. Xc nh cng sut trm bin p (l S hoc P nu cho bit nhu cu s dng trm):
Tnh ton cng sut trm hin ti v pht trin trong tng lai.
C nhiu cch tnh ton cng sut in, 3 cch c dng ph bin nht: Theo din tch
v nhu cu s dng hoc theo sn lng hng nm mt sn phm trn mt KW in. V
theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu (lit k cng sut tng thit b c th).
H loi 1 dng 2 My Bin p, trong mi my c th chu qu ti bng 1,4 ln Cng
sut ca my trong 6 gi. Cng sut qu ti 1,4 ln bng Cng sut tnh ton ca ta
nh x nghip.
4. Xc nh ch vn hnh kinh t Trm Bin p: i vi trm t 2 My Bin p Tr

ln.
V qu trnh tnh ton thng d cng sut rt ln so vi ti thc, nn thi im ti nh
nht c th nh hn cng sut ca 1 My Bin p.
V vy ta ch cn s dng 1 My Bin p cho ton b ti trnh tn hao in khng
cn thit nu dng 2 my.
5. La Chn u Phn p:
Cc ch ph ti nh: dng nhiu cc i, dng t cc tiu v xy ra s c.
Mi ch trn ta cn m bo in p trn thanh gp my bin p. Thng xy ra nu
trm t qu xa trung tm ph ti.
6. Tiu Chun p Dng v bn v:

Theo tiu chun in lc, xem thm ti: http://www.mediafire.com/?1r3xc1fpjh93gpu
Thng S Thit B Trm: http://www.mediafire.com/view/?rcb3aodxia0avof
I.3./ Cc loi trm bin p nh:

1. Trm Bin p ngoi tri:
- Trm ngoi tri thch hp cho cc trm trung gian cng sut ln. V my bin p, thit b
phn phi c kch thc ln nn c din tch lp t cc thit b ny, tit kim c chi
ph xy dng kh ln.
- Bao gm cc trm: Trm hp b, trm nn (t ln nn b tng), trm gin(< 3x100 KVA),

H THNG C IN TA NH
trm treo (< 3x75 KVA), trm kn (lp t trong nh), trm trn b(nh lp ghp). Ty theo gi
thnh v nhu cu m ta la chn cc loi bin p khc nhau.
a.Trm Treo:
l trm m ton b cc thit b cao h p v my bin p u c treo trn ct. MBA
thng l loi mt pha hoc t ba my bin p mt pha. T h p c t trn ct.
Trm ny thng rt tit kim t nn thng c dng lm trm cng cng cung cp
cho mt vng dn c. My bin p ca trm treo thng c cng sut nh( 3 x 75
kVA), cp in p 1522 / 0,4 kV, phn o m c trang b pha h p.
Tuy nhin loi trm ny thng lm mt m quan thnh ph nn v lu di loi trm
ny khng c khuyn khch dng th.
b. Trm Gin:
Trm gin l loi trm m ton b cc trang thit b v my bin p u c t trn
cc gi bt gia hai ct. Trm c trang b ba my bin p mt pha ( 3 x 75 kVA)
hay mt my bin p ba pha( 400 kVA), cp in p 15 22 kV /0,4 kV.
Phn o m c th thc hin pha trung p hay pha h p. T phn phi h p t trn
gin gia hai ct ng dy n c th l ng dy trn khng hay ng cp ngm.
Trm gin thng cung cp in cho khu dn c hay cc phn xng.
c. Trm nn:
Trm nn thng c dng nhng ni c iu kin t ai nh vng nng thn, c
quan, x nghip nh v va.
i vi loi trm nn. thit b cao p t trn ct, my bin p thng l t ba my bin
p mt pha hay mt my bin p ba pha t bt trn b ximng di t, t phn phi
h p t trong nh.
Xung quanh trm c xy tng ro bo v. ng dy n c th l cp ngm hay
ng dy trn khng, phn o m c th thc hin pha trung p hay pha h p.
d. Trm Hp B (integrated distribution substation - IDS): cng sut t 250 n 2000

H THNG C IN TA NH
KVA
t trn nn, Thi cng lp t d dng, cch in cp K, an ton cao.
hp b vi t in h p t trn trm thnh mt khi.
khng dng kh SF6, thn thin vi mi trng.
Download ti: http://www.thibidi.com/vn/4/50.html
2. Trm Bin p trong nh:
a. Trm Kn:
Trm kn l loi trm m cc thit b in v my bin p c t trong nh.Trm kn
thng c phn lm trm cng cng v trm khch hng.
+ Trm cng cng thng c t khu th ha,khu dn c mi m bo m
quan v an ton cho ngi s dng.
+ Trm khch hng thng c t trong khun vin ca khch hng khuynh
hng hin nay l s dng b mch vng chnh (Ring Main Unit) thay cho kt cu
thanh ci, cu dao, c b ch v cu ch ng bo v my bin p c cng sut nh
hn 1000 kVA.
i vi loi trm kiu ny cp vo v ra thng l cp ngm .Cc ca thng gi u
phi c li phng chim ,rn ,chut v c h du s c.
b. Trm Trn B:
i vi nhiu trm phc tp i hi s dng cu trc ni mng ngun kiu vng hoc
t ng ct cha nhiu my ct,gn, khng chu nh hng ca thi tit v chu c

H THNG C IN TA NH
va p, trong nhng trng hp ny cc trm trn b kiu kn c s dng .

Cc khi c ch to sn s c lp t trn nn nh b tng v c s dng i vi
trm th cng nh trm nng thn .
- Cc u im ca trm kiu ny l :
+ Ti u ha v vt liu v s an ton do :
- C s chn la thch hp t cc kiu lp t c th .
- Tun theo ton b cc tiu chun quc t hin hnh v cc tiu chun d nh trong
tng lai
+ Gim thi gian nghin cu v thit k, gim chi ph lp t do:

- Cc tiu ha s phi hp vi nguyn l ca xy dng v k thut in .
- Tin cy, c lp vi xy dng cng trnh chnh ;
- Loi b nhu cu mt kt ni tm thi ti lc bt u chun b thi cng cng trnh;
- n gin ha trong thi cng ,ch cn cung cp mt mng bng btng chu lc
+ V cng n gin trong lp t thit b v kt ni.
+ Cc trm kiu ny chc chn, gn p thng c dng cc ni quan trng nh c quan

ngoi giao,vn phng, khch sn.
c. Trm Gis: l trm dng thit b phn phi kn cch in bng kh SF6, c im ca trm
loi ny l din tch xy dng trm nh hn khong vi chc ln so vi trm ngoi tri.
3. Cc S u Dy Trm Bin p:

H THNG C IN TA NH
II. T B in :
II.1. Thuyt Minh:
Trong li in tn ti 2 loi cng sut :
- Cng sut hu dng P (kW) l cng sut sinh ra cng c ch trong cc ph ti.
- Cng sut phn khng Q (kVAr) l cng sut v ch, gy ra do tnh cm ng ca cc loi
ph ti nh : ng c in, my bin p, cc b bin i in p
nh gi nh hng ca CSPK i vi h thng ngi ta s dng h s cng sut cosj,

trong : j=arctg P/Q.

H THNG C IN TA NH
a. CSPK Q khng sinh cng nhng li gy ra nhng nh hng xu v kinh t v k

thut:
- V kinh t : chng ta phi tr tin cho lng CSPK tiu th.
- V k thut : CSPK gy ra st p trn ng dy v tn tht cng sut trn ng truyn.

V vy, ta cn c bin php b CSPK Q hn ch nh hng ca n. Cng tc l ta nng cao
h s cosj.
b. Li ch Khi nng cao h s cng sut cos:
Gim tn tht cng sut trn phn t ca h thng cung cp in ( my bin p, ng
dy ).
Gim tn tht in p trn ng truyn ti.
Tng kh nng truyn ti in ca ng dy v my bin p.
II.2. Cc bin php nng cao h s cng sut cosj :

1. Phng php nng cao h s cosj t nhin: Nng cao cos t nhin c ngha l tm cc
bin php h tiu th in gim bt c lng CSPK m chng cn c ngun cung cp.
Thay i v ci tin qu trnh cng ngh cc thit b in lm vic ch hp l
nht.
Thay th cc ng c lm vic non ti bng nhng ng c c cng sut nh hn.
Hn ch ng c chy khng ti.
nhng ni cng ngh cho php th dng ng c ng b thay cho ng c khng
ng b.
Thay bin p lm vic non ti bng my bin p c dung lng nh hn.
2. Phng php nng cao h s cosj nhn to: Phng php ny c thc hin bng
cch t cc thit b b CSPK cc h tiu th in. Cc thit b b CSPK bao gm :
a. My b ng b : chnh l ng c ng b lm vic trong ch khng ti.

* u im : my b ng b va c kh nng sn xut ra CSPK, ng thi cng c kh
nng tiu th CSPK ca mng in.
* Nhc im : my b ng b c phn quay nn lp rp, bo dng v vn hnh phc

H THNG C IN TA NH
tp. my b ng b thng b tp trung vi dung lng ln.

b. T b in : lm cho dng in sm pha hn so vi in p do , c th sinh ra CSPK
cung cp cho mng in.
* u im :
Cng sut b, khng c phn quay nn d bo dng v vn hnh.
C th thay i dung lng b t theo s pht trin ca ti.
Gi thnh thp hn so vi my b ng b.
* Nhc im :
Nhy cm vi s bin ng ca in p v km chc chn, c bit d b ph hng khi
ngn mch hoc in p vt qu nh mc.
Khi ng t vo mng in s c dng in xung, cn lc ct t in khi mng trn
cc ca t vn cn in p d c th gy nguy him cho nhn vin vn hnh.
s dng t in cc h tiu th CSPK va v nh ( di 5000 kVAr).
II.3. T b trong h thng cung cp in:

Bn V mch iu khin T B: link Download
1. Cu to v cch thc lp t ca b t b :
a. in tr phng in :
cc t in thng lp sn in tr phng in dp in tch d bn trong.
in tr phng in ca t thng c u song song vi t. Khi ct in t, in tch

H THNG C IN TA NH
d s phng in qua cc in tr song song.

Gy ra tn tht in nng ca t in
Phi la chn in tr phng in ph hp va pht huy tc dng gii phng in
tch tha v hn ch s tn hao cng sut.
Thng thng la chn tr phng in theo nguyn tc 1W / 1kVAR.
b. Cch u ni t b
Cc t in cao th thng c ch to 1 pha, khi u vo li phi u t theo s
tam gic.
Cc t in h th thng c ch to kiu 3 pha c u sn theo s tam gic
chu in p dy.
Cc t b CSPK c u ni vo mng in theo s hnh tam
gic.
V : QD = Ud2 w C = (3. Uf)2 w C = 3 QY

2. V tr t t b trong mng in phn phi:
t t b pha cao p
t t b ti thanh ci h p ca TBA
t t b ti t ng lc
t t b ti cc ca cc ng c
3. Cc phng thc b CSPK bng t b :
C hai phng thc b t chnh l :
a. B tnh ( b nn) : b tr b gm mt hoc nhiu t to nn lng b khng i. vic

iu khin c th thc hin bng:
Bng tay: dng CB hoc LBS ( load break switch )
Bn t ng: dng contactor
Mc trc tip vo ti ng in cho mch b ng thi khi ng ti.
+ u im : n gin v gi thnh khng cao.
+ Nhc im : khi ti dao ng c kh nng dn n vic b tha.Vic ny kh nguy

him i vi h thng s dng my pht.
--> V vy, phng php ny p dng i vi nhng ti t thay i.

b. B ng ( s dng b t b t ng) : s dng cc b t b t ng, c kh nng thay
i dung lng t b m bo h s cng sut t c gi tr mong mun.
+ u im : khng gy ra hin tng b tha v m bo c h s cng sut mng
mun.

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Nhc im : chi ph ln hn so vi b tnh.

--> V vy, phng php ny p dng ti cc v tr m cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn
khng thay i trong phm vi rt rng.
4. Tnh ton Cng Sut Phn Khng v chn T T B:
a. Phng Php Tnh n Gin:

( chn t b cho mt ti no th ta cn bit cng sut(P) v h s cng sut (Cos ) ca ti
):
Gi s ta c cng sut ca ti l P
H s cng sut ca ti l Cos 1 tg 1 ( trc khi b )

H s cng sut sau khi b l Cos 2 tg 2.
Cng sut phn khng cn b l Qb = P (tg1 tg2 ).

T cng sut cn b ta chn t b cho ph hp trong bng catalog ca nh cung cp t b.
b. Phng Php B Ti u Da Vo iu Kin Khng ng Tin Pht:

- Xt ho n tin in lin quan n dung lng kVArh tiu th v ghi nhn s kVArh phi
tr tin sau , chn ho n tin gi kVArh cao nht phi tr (khng xt n trng hp ngoi
l).
V d: 15965 kVArh trong thng ging
Tnh tng thi gian hot ng trong thng , v d : 220h s gi xt tnh l nhng gi m
h thng in chu ti ln nht v ti t gi tr nh cao nht. ngoi thi gian k trn vic tiu
th cng sut phn khng l min ph.
- Gi tr cng sut cn b:
[kVAr] = = Qb . kVAr : s kVAr phi tr tin.
T : s gi hot ng
- Dung lng b thng c chn cao hn gi tr tnh ton mt cht.
- Mt s hng cung cp qui tc thc loga thit k t bit cho vic tnh ton ny theo cc
khung gi ring. Cng c trn v cc d liu km theo gip ta chn la thit b b v s iu
khin thch hp, ng thi rng buc ca cc sng hi in p trong h thng in. cc sng hi
ny i hi s dng nh mc t d ( lin quan n gii nhit, nh mc p v dng in ) v
cc cun khng hoc mch lc sng hi.
II.4. T t b t ng (PFR) :
1. Nguyn l lm vic ca b t b t ng

H THNG C IN TA NH
- T t b t ng gm cc thnh phn c bn sau :

B iu khin (PFR)
Cc b t b c ni vi ti thng qua atomat v tip im ca cc contactor.
Cm bin dng in CT
- Nguyn l hot ng ca PFR da theo s trn :

Tn hiu dng in c o thng qua bin dng CT v tn hiu in p c chuyn
v b iu khin PFR.
Sau , vi iu khin trong b iu khin PFR s tnh ton s sai lch gia dng in
v in p
--> tnh ra c h s cng sut. Do s dng phng php s nn s o c chnh xc h
s cng sut ngay c khi c sng hi.
B iu khin c thit k ti u ha vic iu khin b cng sut phn khng. Cng
sut b c tnh bng cch o lin tc cng sut phn khng ca h thng v sau
c b bng cch ng ngt cc b t.
2. Gii thiu b t b t ng Mikro :
Trn th trng hin nay c nhiu loi t b t ng nh Shizuki, Epcos, Toyo, Mikro
Nhng c s dng nhiu cc tng trm l Mikro.
a. Mikro c 4 chng trnh hot ng nh sau :

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Ch manual (n-A) : Khi chng trnh ny c chn, cc cp ca t s c iu

khin bng tay bng cch nhn phm UP hay DOWN. Cc bc t c ng lun chuyn
da trn nguyn tc ng trc ngt trc (first in first out).
+ Ch rotational (rot) : ch ny s t ng ng ngt cc cp t theo h s cng sut
t,
ci t nhy v thi gian ng lp li t trc. Cc bc t c ng lun chuyn da
trn nguyn tc ng trc ngt trc (first in first out).
+ Ch automatic (aut) : ch ny nhm ti u ha trnh t ng ct cc cp t in.
Ch ny s dng trnh t ng ngt thng minh. Trnh t ng ngt khng c nh,
chng trnh s t ng la chn nhng cp ng thch hp nht ng hay ngt
c thi gian tc ng ngn nht vi s cp nh nht. cho tui th cc khi ng t
v t l bng nhau chng trnh s t ng chn bc t t s dng nht ng ngt
trong trng hp c hai bc t ging nhau.
Vi ch ny, PFR s t ng pht hin cc tnh ca CT khi ng ngun. Mt khi cc
tnh ca CT c xc nh, nu pht hin thy c bt k mt s pht cng sut tr li
tt c cc bc t s c nh ra.
+ Ch four quarant (Fqr) : nh ch aut nhng cho php hot ng c ch thu

v pht CSPK.
b. Cc tham s quan trng ca PFR :

+ H s cng sut t (Set cos) : thng nm trong khong 0,92 0,95
+ H s C/K : H s ny c tnh theo cng thc sau :

H THNG C IN TA NH
Q: cp t nh nht (var)
V: in p h thng s cp danh nh (V)
I: Dng in s cp nh mc ca CT (A)
Hoc c xc nh theo bng sau :
+ nhy : Thng s ny thit lp tc ng ct. nhy ln tc ng s chm v

ngc li nhy nh tc ct s nhanh. nhy ny hiu ng cho c thi gian ng v ct
t. nhy = 60s/ bc
+ Thi gian ng lp li : y l khong thi gian an ton ngn chn vic ng li t
ca cng mt cp khi t ny cha x in hon ton. Thng s ny thng t ln hn thi
gian x ca t ln nht ang s dng.
+ Cp nh mc : l bc t nh nht s dng.
+ mo dng tng do sng hi :
B PFR ch c th o c TDH khi tng ti phi ln hn 10% tng ti nh mc.

Gi tr cc tham s quan trng ca b t b PFR c thng k trong bng sau :

H THNG C IN TA NH
c. Th tc ci t cc thng s iu khin :
Bc 1: chn mc cn ci t bng vic n phm MODE/SCROLL. n tng ng
vi mc s sng ln. ci t cho mc Rate step, tng cng ra c chn nh
phm UP hay DOWN, khi cng no c chn th n cng s sng ln.
Bc 2 : nhn phm PROGRAM, n ca mc c chn s sng nhp nhy nh vy
h thng ang ch ci t.
Bc 3: s dng phm UP hay DOWN thay i gi tr.
Bc 4: lu gi tr va ci t, nhn phm PROGRAM mt ln na, n ht nhp
nhy v thng s va ci t c lu.
khng lu gi tr va ci t, nhn phm MODE/SCROLL.
d. Cc cnh bo thng gp :
Di y l bng gii thch cc cnh bo xy ra trn b iu khin t b MIKRO.
II.5. Nhng nh hng khng tt ca t b ti h thng in

1. Hin tng b tha CSPK :
+ B tha CSPK Q --> dng in s nhanh pha hn so vi in p.
==> H thng ti s mang tnh dung .
==> Tng tr i vi thnh phn dng in c tn s cao s gim. Do , lm tng nh

hng ca cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao.

H THNG C IN TA NH
2. nh hng ca t b ti my pht in :
- Trong trng hp b chung v t b nm trn ng cung cp ra ti ca MP. Khi mt in
li, my pht s hot ng v cp in cho ti. Tuy nhin ban u cc ph ti m t c
ng in nn ph ti chnh ch l b t in v mt vi ph ti nh khc
-> Ph ti MP lc ny mang tnh in dung (tng t nh trng hp b qu mc ni trn).
-> in dung ny kt hp vi in cm ca stator MP to nn mt mch dao ng LC.
-> Sinh ra cc dao ng in p vi tn s cng hng no . iu ny s gy ra mt s nh
hng nguy him nh sau :
+ in p ra ca stator b dao dng hoc b mo sng. Nn AVR khng th khc phc hon
ton s dao ng ny do ngun nui AVR cng chnh l ngun b dao ng. V vy, i khi
dn n hin tng my pht kh khi ng.
+ C th gy ra hin tng qu p trn t b. iu ny c th gy n cc b t b do t l
phn t rt nhy cm vi in p.
- Vi my bin p th in cm ca phn li v cng nh (tr trng hp li in vng
xa...) v cng sut ngun gn nh v hn nn cc dao ng ny khng pht sinh v khng t
khuych i ln c.
II.6. Qun l v vn hnh h thng t b

1. An ton khi lp t, vn hnh v sa cha t in :
Cc nhn vin vn hnh, lp t, bo dng t in phi hiu r cc nguy him c th
xy ra khi vn hnh bo dng sa cha.
Khng c vn hnh khi thy t in c cc hin tng bt thng.
Khi tin hnh kim tra trong vn hnh phi ng cch xa t in 1,5m.
2. Cc bc chun b trc khi ng in vo t in :

Trc khi ng in vo t in phi kim tra cc hng mc sau:
Kim tra chc chn ca cc u ni dy.
V sinh b mt cc bnh t ca dn t in.
Kim tra t b t c chc chn khng v c ni t cha.
Kim tra s ghp ni cc bnh t vi khung gi c chc chn.
Kim tra s r du ca bnh t.
Kim tra khong cch an ton gia cc phn mang in gia cc pha vi nhau v gia
cc pha vi t.
o in dung ca tng chui t v nhit mi trng ti thi im o.
3. iu kin chn cc thit b ng ct cho gin t:
Cc thit b ng ct cho gin t phi c dng danh nh bng hoc ln hn 135% dng

H THNG C IN TA NH
danh nh ca gin t
Cc thit b ng ct cho gin t phi c kh nng ng ct gin t khi in p h thng
cc i
4. Vn hnh h thng t b :
- Trong vn hnh t b h p cn 1 s ch :
Khng ng t in tr li li khi in p trn in cc ca t in ln hn 50V. Thi
gian danh nh l 60s.
Khi ct attomat tng phi ct t trc ri mi ct ngun.
Khi ng th phi ng ngun tng trc ri mi ng t in. Trng hp c 2 hay
nhiu b t phi ng tng b t.
- Khi vn hnh t in cn m bo 2 iu kin sau:

iu kin nhit : Phi gi cho nhit khng kh xung quanh t in khng qu
+35oC.
iu kin in p: Phi gi cho in p trn cc ca t khng vt qu 110% Um.
Khi in p ca mng vt qu gii hn cho php ni trn th phi ct t ra khi mng.
+ Trong vn hnh nu thy t in b phnh ra phi ct t ngay ra khi mng v l hin
tng ca s c nguy him, c th n t.
+ Nu t t b ti t phn phi chnh EMDB ca Tng trm th khi chy my pht in d
phng cn ct b t ra khi li trnh s giao ng in p m b AVR khng p ng
c dn n my pht khng hot ng c.
CHNG II : ATS - My Pht in - UPS
II.1. Automatic Tranfer Swich

H THNG C IN TA NH
1. Thuyt Minh H Thng:

c s dng cho cc loi h loi I v loi II, nhng ni cn cung cp in lin tc nh
: bnh vin, qun i, c quan nh nc, cc khu cng nghip.
Khi p dng phi xem xt n ch tiu kinh t v k thut.
p ng nhu cu k thut ngy cng cao th ATS l khng th thiu. Nhm nng cao
cht lng in nng.
m bo cung cp in mt cch lin tc, vi thi gian chuyn mch l b nht c th.
Gim tn tht kinh t, khi gim thi gian ngng in trong ngnh cng nghip sn xut
lin tc.
S kt ni, lp t n gin, Lm vic chc chn, tin cy lm vic cao.
Tuy nhin trong mt s ph ti t bit (thng tin lin lc, vin thng) th cn dng cc
loi ngun khc nh UPS.
2. ATS (Automatic Tranfer Swich):

a. Nguyn l: l thit b chuyn mch t ng dng nhng ni cn cung cp in mt cch
lin tc cho ti, t hai ngun khc nhau.
ATS l h thng chuyn i ph ti t li in chnh (Main Utility) sang ngun d
phng dng my pht in (Generator) khi mt in trn li.
Khi li in hot ng n nh bnh thng tr li, h thng ATS s chuyn i ph
ti vn hnh vi li in chnh v sau ct my pht in d phng.
Vic chuyn i c th hot ng theo ch t ng (Auto) hoc iu khin bng tay
( Handy - Manual).
b. Nhim V Chnh Ca ATS:

- Khi c s c xy ra (mt pha, thp p, qu p, mt ngun) trn ngun in li chnh, ATS c
nhim v :
+ Ngng cung cp ngun li chnh vo ph ti.
+ Khi ng ng c s cp (my n diesel).
+ ng ngun in cung cp t my pht vo ph ti.

H THNG C IN TA NH
- Khi ngun in li c li trong tnh trng n nh, nhim v ca ATS lc l:

+ Ngt ngun cung cp t my pht khi ph ti.
+ ng li ngun in li vo ti.
+ To tn hiu dng ng c s cp (ng c diesel) ca my pht; sau mt thi gian t my
pht vn hnh ti trng thi khng ti.
c) Phn loi:
- Theo ngun chnh v ngun d phng:
ATS chuyn i hai ngun: mt ngun chnh v mt ngun d phng.
ATS chuyn i ba ngun: hai ngun chnh v mt ngun d phng.
- Theo kh c in th c phn loi nh sau:
ATS dng contactor.
ATS dng ACB ( air circuit breaker ) my ct khng kh.
d) M Hnh Hot ng:

- TSE, TSN: Transfer Switch Emergency ( Normal ) hai cng tc chuyn mch c kh ca
ngun cung cp bnh thng v ngun d phng.
- Khi xy ra s c th khong thi gian chuyn mch giu TSE, TSN l phi b nht c th,
m bo cung cp in lin tc.
- khi s c c khc phc th ATS c nhim v ngt ti khi ngun d phng, ng ti vo
ngun chnh.

H THNG C IN TA NH
3. La Chn T ATS: Theo t vn t cc hng sn xut ATS (ATS Mitsubishi

hoc Scheneider.v.v.).
Theo Cng Sut Trm Bin p cho ta nh.
Theo Cng Sut My Pht in nu ch u tin cc ti quan trng cn cung cp duy tr
lin tc.
Theo V tr lp t, ni lp t (nhit cao hay gn mi trng bi hoc gn
bin.v.v.).
Theo h thng iu khin t ng tip nhn thng tin ng ct in. mch in t thng
thng, mch in t hay cc h thng iu khin khc (chng hn nh PLC).
II.2. My Pht in
1. Thuyt Minh My Pht in:
- S dng ngun nguyn liu xng - du to ra in.
- Ngun in cung cp thay cho trm bin p, 3 pha - 380 Vlot - 50 Hz.
- L mt ngun d phng cn thit cho mt s nhu cu sau:
Loi ph ti Ti Thit b cn d phng
Hi hp, Cao c, nh hng,

khch sn, ngn hng, Cty bo Chiu sng an ton
him
Phng m, thit b y t, h
Cng cng
Bnh vin thng an ton, gim st v
cung cp, bo qun.
Bung lnh, cc thit b Chiu

Kho lnh
sng, h thng an ton.

H THNG C IN TA NH
Thit b trung tm, iu ho

Trung tm tnh ton
nhit .
H thng iu khin trung tm,

chiu sng ng bng, thp an
Sn bay
ton, rada, h thng quan st,
my tnh..
Giao thng H thng iu khin trung tm,

Ga ng st chiu sng an ton, h thng
theo di, bo tn hiu.
Hm ng b, cc nt giao thng gi, theo di, chiu sng

thng giao thng.
Thit b v h thng iu khin

Cc tram tip sng, trung tm
Vin thng, h xa, h thng iu
iu , nh my in, h thng
thng ti in khin, lin lc, my tnh qun
truyn ti
l d liu.
An ton, h thng theo di,

Cng nghip Dy chuyn sn xut iu khin t ng, my tnh
qun l d liu.
2. Cu ToV Nguyn L Hot ng:

H THNG C IN TA NH
2.1. ng c: To ra moment quay

L dng ng c du diesel hoc ng c xng - 4 th. Chuyn ha ngun nguyn liu
xng - du thnh moment quay my pht ng b. Bin i chuyn ng quay c nng
thnh in nng - Da trn hin tng cm ng in t.
My pht in s dng nhiu loi nhin liu u vo khc nhau nh: diesel, xng,
propan ( dng lng hoc kh), v kh thin nhin.
ng c nh thng hot ng bng xng, trong khi ng c ln hn chy du diezen,
propan lng, kh propane, hoc kh t nhin.
2.2. My pht ng B: S dng moment quay pht ra in

Gm 2 phn chnh:
- Rto phn quay: lun l phn cm (to ra t trng) : l mt nam chm in nh ngun 1
chiu DC chnh lu v cp t bn ngoi (c quy hoc chnh lu t chnh ngun my pht.v.v.).
- Stato phn ng yn: lun l phn ng : l 3 cun dy ring r, hon ton ging nhau, qun
trn ba li st t lch nhau 1200 trn mt vng trn.
- Phn quay c t trng, t trng ny quay (quay theo phn quay rotor) v ct cc cun dy
phn ng, sinh ra dng in.
2.3. H thng nhin liu:

Bnh nhin liu thng d tr my pht in hot ng t 6 n 8 gi.
i vi cc my pht in nh, bn cha nhin liu l mt phn trt ca my pht in

hoc c lp trn khung my pht in. i vi cc my pht in thng mi, c th cn xy
dng v ci t thm mt bnh cha nhin liu bn ngoi.
Cc tnh nng thng thng ca h thng nhin liu bao gm nhng iu sau y:
ng ni t bn cha nhin liu n ng c: Dng cung cp hng dn nhin liu vo
v ra ng c.
ng thng gi bnh nhin liu: Cc bn cha nhin liu c mt ng ng thng gi,
ngn chn s gia tng p lc, hoc chn khng trong qu trnh bm v h thng thot
nc ca b cha. Khi bn np y bnh nhin liu, m bo s tip xc kh gia vi
phun ph, v b nhin liu ngn nga tia la c th gy ha hon.
Kt ni trn t bn cha nhin liu n cc ng ng cng: y l yu cu khi b
trn trong qu trnh bm, nhin liu khng lm cht lng ln my pht in.
Bm nhin liu: nhin liu chuyn t b cha chnh (lu tr nhin liu, c bit quan
trng i vi cc t chc thng mi) vo b cha trong ngy. Cc my bm nhin liu
thng thng hot ng bng in.
Bnh lc nhin liu, tch nc v vt l trong nhin liu lng, bo v cc thnh phn
khc ca my pht in khi s n mn v cht bn gy tc nghn.
Kim phun: Phun cht lng nhin liu di dng phun sng vo bung t ng c.

H THNG C IN TA NH
2.4. n p:
n p: Chuyn i in p xoay chiu AC thnh dng in 1 chiu DC. iu chnh mt phn
nh in p u ra chuyn i n thnh dng in mt chiu. Dng in 1 chiu ny tp hp
trong cun dy th cp ca stato, c gi l cun dy kch thch.
Cun dy kch thch: Chuyn i dng in 1 chiu DC thnh dng in xoay chiu AC. Cc
cun dy kch thch c chc nng tng t nh cc cun dy stato chnh v to ra dng in
xoay chiu nh. Cc cun dy kch thch c kt ni vi cc n v c gi l chnh lu
quay.
B chnh lu quay: Chuyn i dng in 1 chiu thnh dng in xoay chiu. Chnh lu cc
dng xoay chiu pht sinh bi cc cun dy kch thch, v chuyn i n thnh dng in mt
chiu. Dng in 1 chiu ny cung cp cho Roto / phn ng to ra mt trng in t, ngoi t
trng quay ca roto.
Roto / Phn ng: Chuyn i dng in 1 chiu thnh dng xoay chiu. Roto sinh ra dng
in xoay chiu ln hn xung quanh cun dy stato, cc my pht in hin nay sn xut mt
in th xoay chiu AC ln hn u ra.
Chu k ny tip tc cho n khi my pht in bt u sn xut in p u ra tng ng vi
kh nng iu hnh y ca n. u ra ca my pht in tng, n iu chnh in p sn
xut ra t dng in 1 chiu hn. Mt khi my pht in t cng sut hot ng y , iu
chnh in p t n mt trng thi thng bng, v to ra dng 1 chiu duy tr sn lng
ca my pht in mc hot ng y .
Khi bn thm mt ti, sn lng in p s b thp xung mt cht. iu ny nhc nh vic

iu chnh in p v bt u li chu k trn. Chu k tip tc cho n khi my pht in dc
u ra, iu hnh cng sut y ca n.
2.5. H thng lm mt:
Lin tc s dng h thng lm lnh c th lm nng cc thnh phn khc nhau ca my pht
in. My pht in cn thit c mt h thng lm mt, v thng gi thu hi nhit sinh ra trong
qu trnh.
Nc cha x l / nc sch i khi c s dng nh mt cht lm mt cho my pht in.
Hydrogen i khi c s dng nh mt cht lm mt, cho cc cun dy stato my pht in
ln, v n rt hiu qu trong hp th nhit. Hydrogen loi b nhit t my pht in, v chuyn
qua mt b trao i nhit, vo mt mch lm mt th cp, c cha nc khong nh mt cht
lm mt. y l l do ti sao my pht in c kch thc rt ln.
i vi tt c cc ng dng ph bin khc, dn c v cng nghip, mt tiu chun tn nhit v

qut c gn trn cc my pht in v cc cng trnh nh h thng lm mt chnh.
Cn thit kim tra mc nc lm mt ca my pht in trn c s hng ngy. H thng lm
mt v bm nc th cn c ra sch sau mi 600 gi, v b trao i nhit nn c lm
sch sau mi 2.400 gi my pht in hot ng. My pht in nn c t trong mt khu
vc m, thng thong c cung cp khng kh trong lnh. Mi bn my pht in nn c
mt khng gian ti thiu l 3 feet m bo s lu thng khng kh lm mt my.
2.6. H thng bi trn:
My pht in bao gm b phn chuyn ng bn trong ng c ca n, n cn c bi trn

H THNG C IN TA NH
m bo hot ng bn, v m sut mt thi gian di.

ng c ca my pht in c bi trn bng du c lu tr trong mt my bm. Bn nn
kim tra mc du bi trn mi 8 gi my pht hot ng.
Bn cng nn kim tra ngn nga r r cht bi trn, v cn thay i du bi trn mi 500 gi
my pht in hot ng.
3. La Chn My Pht in:

Thng chn bng cng sut Trm Bin p chnh.
Mt s chn theo cng sut cc ph ti u tin.
Lu n v din tch lp t xa cc vn phng cn s yn tnh.
Nhng thng hiu my pht ni ting nh: Cusmmins, Denyo, Huyndai,
Mitsubishi.v.v. v mt s tng i gi phi chng hn nh: Hu Ton, Doosan,
Weichai, Shineray, Ivecoaifo.v.v.
- H thng nh sau:

H THNG C IN TA NH
II.3. UPS (Uninterruptible Power System)

1. Thuyt Minh:
UPS n gin l h thng pin c quy d phng, bnh thng th np y pin c quy, khi mt
in th ly pin c quy ny ra s dng.
UPS bao gm: c qui, b chnh lu/np cqui (rectifier/charger), b nghch lu (inverter), kha
chuyn mch tnh (static switch).
- UPS l gii php cho nhng ti nhy, yu cu cao v in p:
+ Khng c bt k loi nhiu no trong ngun d phng
+ Sn sng c s dng trong trng hp mt in
+ Cc sai s phi nm trong gii hn cho php.
Yu cu
Cc IT vin thng c b quy trnh gia cng

Quy trnh lin tc
iu khin chng trnh c ngt qung
ng dng
Dng ng ngn hng d tr quy trnh lnh ch th v iu khin cc

dng tham s quy nh
iu khin v kim sot
V d cho cc dch v bo him, cc c kh nh ht nhn

mng thit b IT, nh bng dy truyn lp ha
h thng iu khin sn ghp sinh
xut

H THNG C IN TA NH
nhit
c kh nng
iu kin
Thi gian ct 0 x x
cho php
1s x
15s x (1)
15 ph x (1)
T h h ca 10 ph x (2)
ngun
20 ph x (2)
1h x x (2)
thng trc nu c li v kinh t
Gii php
Thit b cn UPS hoc c hoc khng My pht lin tc l my pht vn hnh

dng c my pht gnh ti hoc khi ng thng trc
UPS gnh ti ca b
nghch lu
(1) Tu theo tnh hnh kinh t.

(2) Gii hn thi gian lu tr s liu.
2. cc thnh phn trong h UPS Trong Data center:

H THNG C IN TA NH
a. c Quy:
Cu to c quy: Cu to t nhiu pin c ni lin vi nhau.
- c quy kim : c l thng hi nhm
+ Phng thch kh xy v hydro c to ra trong cc phn ng ha hc khc nhau.
+ Hnh thnh cht in phn bng cch cho thm nc ct
+ c im :
- Tui th cao
- Thi gian t hnh di
- Phi c lp t trong cc phng c bit
Accu kn : c quy ch, cht in phn l dung dch acid sunfuric c t l ti to kh trn 95% v
th chng khng cn thm nc khi hot ng.
+ c im :
- Khng cn bo tr
- Vn hnh d dng
- C th lp t trong tt c cc phng
Vi accu ch thng thng th mc ngng l 1,67V cho mi ngn; hay l 10V cho c 6 ngn.
- i lng o : Ah ( ampe gi) . V d N100 l accu 100Ah. , accu 100Ah pht in vi dng
in 5A s dng
c trong 20 gi Khi dng in pht ra cng ln th thi gian pht in cng nh (ng
nhin) nhng thi gian gim rt nhanh ch khng theo t l nghch vi dng in.
b. B chnh lu/np in cqui (Inverter/Charger):
chuyn i nng lng AC ng vo UPS thnh nng lng DC cung cp cho inverter v c
quy trong tt c cc ch hot ng ( n nh in p ca cqui ph thuc vo nhit ).
Dng in ng vo gii hn t 110% - 150% dng danh nh ca UPS.
c. B nghch lu (Inverter):
nhn in p DC (t b rectifier/charger hay t cqui) ng vo chuyn thnh tn hiu AC
cung cp cho ti vi cc iu kin ng ra c xc nh trong thng s k thut ca UPS.
d. Kha chuyn mch tnh (Static switch):

Kha chuyn mch tnh s t ng chuyn ti sang li in ng vo ca UPS, nu in p u
vo ca UPS nm trong di hot ng c xc nh trong thng s k thut ca UPS, khi UPS
c s c hay qu ti. Nu in p u vo ca UPS khng nm trong di hot ng, vic
chuyn sang bypass s khng c thc hin.
e. Hot ng UPS:
1. Ch on-line (normal operation):
- Khi ng vo ca b chnh lu / sc cqui (rectifier / charger) c cp in AC, b
rectifier/charger ca UPS s chuyn i nng lng AC ng vo thnh nng lng DC cung
cp cho b nghch lu (inverter) ng thi np cqui. B inverter ca UPS s chuyn i nng
lng DC thnh AC cung cp ngun in n nh, cht lng cao cho ti.
2. Hot ng bng cqui (battery backup):
- Khi ngun in cung cp cho UPS b gin on hay khng p ng yu cu u vo ca
UPS, inverter ca UPS s s dng nng lng ca cqui, chuyn i thnh in p AC cung

H THNG C IN TA NH
cp cho ti lin tc, khng gin on. B inverter ca UPS s cung cp ngun AC cho ti trong
thi gian ti thiu l 10 pht.
3. Np cqui (battery recharge):
- Khi ngun in ng vo ca UPS c khi phc, b rectifier/charger s cung cp nng
lng li cho b inverter m khng gy gin on cho ti, ng thi t ng np in li cho
c qui.
4. Bypass t ng (via the static bypass):
- Khi UPS b qu ti (ngn mch, dng ti ln, etc.) hay inverter ngng hat ng (do ngi
s dng iu khin hay t ng), UPS s ngay lp tc chuyn sang ngun AC bypass (thng
qua kha chuyn mch tnh) cung cp ngun in cho ti.
- UPS s cung cp in li cho ti (do ngi s dng iu khin hay t ng) cc iu kin
hat ng ca UPS c phc hi
5. Bypass bng tay (via the manual bypass):
- UPS s c h thng bypass do ngi s dng iu khin, v s dng trong trng hp cn
bo tr UPS. H thng s cch ly UPS nhng vn lin tc cung cp ngun cho ti thng qua
ngun AC bypass. Vic chuyn i sang ch bypass bng tay do ngi s dng thc hin v
khng gy gin an cho ti.
6. Downgrade:
- Circuit breakers c s dng cch ly cqui khi rectifier/charger v charger thun
tin trong vic bo tr.
3. Hai dng h thng UPS:
H thng UPS ngoi tuyn v H thng UPS trc tuyn:
a. H thng UPS ngoi tuyn:
Thng c cng sut thp (<= 3KVA) nhng c kh nng chu c cc dng qu ln,
chng hn nh khi khi ng ng c hay m cc ti in tr (ngui). Cc thit b loi ny
thng c s dng cho trm thng tin ITE.
Khi hot ng bnh thng, dng in cp cho ti khng chy qua b nghch lu. iu ny gii
thch ti sao UPS loi ny i khi cn c gi l ngoi tuyn (Off-line).
Thut ng ny s lm cho mi ngi hiu sai lc, tuy nhin, bi v n cng m ch khng
c cp in t li khi li cp in cho cc ti qua cc ng vo AC trong ch hot

H THNG C IN TA NH
ng bnh thng. l l do ti sao m tiu chun IEC 62040 khuyn co s dng thut ng
chuyn i th ng (passive standby).
b. H thng UPS trc tuyn:
H thng c ni trc tip gia li in v ti, c kh nng t hnh. Khong thi gian t
hnh ny ph thuc vo kh nng ca cquy v cng sut ca ti. H thng ny cung cp ton
b ti vi gi tr sai s nghim ngt khng ph thuc vo tnh trng ca mng in AC. Khi
mt ngun, cquy s t ng v bo m lin tc cung cp dng AC, khng nhiu cho ti. H
thng ny thch hp cho cc ti nh (nh hn 3KVA) hoc ln (ti nhiu MVA).
c. Cc B Lc ngun khc:
+ b lc phch cm: l mt phch cm AC n gin dng ni ti, trong n c mt b lc
cao tn (HF) gim cc nhiu k sinh HF n mc chp nhn c. N thng c dng
cho cc my tnh PC c lp t 250 ti 1000VA cho mc ich vn phng.
+ b lc iu ho hp chun l mt h thng hon ho dng bo m ngun chung cp AC
nhng thiu kh nng t hnh (bo m ngun cp lin tc),ngha l khng d tr trng hp
mt in cung cp mng AC.
Chc nng chnh ca n l :
- Lc cc k sinh HF;
- gi mt in th khng i hp l;
- cch ly ti khi mng in AC.
C th s dng cho vn phng hay cc h thng cng nghip khng yu cu cp in d phng
mt cch lin tc c cng sut ti 5000VA.

H THNG C IN TA NH

H THNG C IN TA NH
d. Cc Ngun D Phng khc:

H THNG C IN TA NH
CHNG III : H Thng TrunKing - Tray Cable - ladder Cable

I. Mng cp - TrunKing:
a. Gii thiu:
- Mng cp ( hay cn gi l mng in, trunking hoc hp cp ) l mng dn dng cho vic lp
t dy v cp in trong cc nh my, chung c, cao c...
- Thng c s dng i dy cp in t 1,5 -> 95 mm2 v PVC, thng khng t l, c
np pha trn ghp thnh hp kn. Dng cho mch kn, i trn sn la phong v rt t khi no
phi m phn np trn ra.

H THNG C IN TA NH
b. La chn:

H THNG C IN TA NH
II. Cable tray

a.Gii thiu:
- Loi mng cp c l thong (Khay cp) c thit k vi cc l thong kh theo yu cu ca
khch hng. Loi mng cp ny thng c s dng cho cc ng dng khng c php vt
qu hn mc nhit trung bnh.
- Cable tray th t l, cng c np pha trn nhng t c s dng ghp thnh hp kn.
Nn d dng sa cha thm bt dy trn hp cable tray, nh t l m n nh hn v r hn
trun king.
- Thng c s dng i dy cp in t 50 mm2 tr ln vi v l PVC hoc
PVC/PVC. Cp in thng ch b tr mt lp tng kh nng tn nhit nhm tng kh nng
dn in ca dy cp.
b. La chn:

H THNG C IN TA NH
III. cable ladder

a. Gii thiu:
- Thang cp ( hay cn gi l thang in, thang mng cp hoc cable ladder). Chc nng cng
ging nh 2 loi trn l thang dn dng cho vic lp t dy v cp in trong cc nh my,
chung c, cao c...
- Thng c s dng i dy cp in t 50 mm2 tr ln vi v l PVC hoc PVC/PVC.
n gin r tin v c ng hn 2 loi trn.
b. La chn:

H THNG C IN TA NH
IV. Cp i Trong ng Trn: Bng Nha chu lc v chng chy.

a. Gii thiu: ng ng trn i m th ng nhin khng th thiu i vi mi cng trnh,
n lm tng tnh m quan, hin i, bao gm cc loi ng i m trong tng v i di t.
b. La Chn: Theo Cch chn thng thng th cng tit din dy cp (ng knh ngoi ca
dy) th lp y 40% ng kch trong ng dn. V khong d phng tit din cn li khng
c nh hn 40% tit din ng.
Ta c bng la ch kch c ng nh sau:
V. La Chn Thang Mng Cp: Theo catalogue Cng Ty

Vietstar: http://www.mediafire.com
Download Tiu Chun IEC 61537 Cable tray systems and cable ladder systems
Cng Trnh Tiu biu: CABLE TRAY Nh gas san bay Nng
a. la chn loi vt liu cng nh lp sn bn ngoi ca mng cp. Bi v hu ht cc mng

cp s c s dng mi trng ngoi tri. V vy bn nn la chn loi vt liu cng nh
lp sn bn ngoi ph hp vi mi trng lp h thng mng cp ca mnh.

H THNG C IN TA NH
Loi mng cp m km nhng nng s dng c trong nhiu iu kin kh

hu khc nhau, v vy trong thc t chng thng c s dng bo v cp
ti nhiu a im c iu kin kh hu khc nhau.
Loi mng cp khng m km thng c s dng cho cc ng dng trong
nh.
Loi mng cp c lm bng thp l loi mng cp c gi thnh cao c bit
c s dng trong nghnh cng nghip thc phm v cc nghnh cng
nghip ha cht du. Loi mng cp ny thng c bo v bng mt lp
nha en.
Loi mng cp sn tnh in l loi mng cp c bo v bng mt lp sn
s dng cc cng ngh phun sn truyn thng.
b. Gii hn kh nng bo v cp ca h thng mng cp ph thuc vo cch la chn dy

v chiu cao mng cp thch hp. la chn c loi mng cp ph hp hy cn nhc
khong cch gia cc khay cp h tr.
c. Xc nh chiu cao cnh cng rt quan trng, trong catalog kch thc ny s c quy
nh c th ( 40, 48, 60, 75, 100, 150). Cc kch thc ny s thay i theo trng ti ca mng
cp ph hp vi tiu chun cp ca cc loi mng cp.
ng cp s c lp t t trc (v vy vic trang b hiu bit v cu trc

xy dng v lp t my mc, thit b l rt cn thit).
Hy lu cc yu cu c th v chiu cao ca mng cp ph hp vi tng
trng ti ca cp.
Chiu cao v chiu rng ca mng cp cn thch hp vi trng ti ca loi cp
chn. La chn loi mng cp c kch thc ph hp l rt quan trng.
d. Cc loi mng cp khc nhau s c kch thc chiu rng khc nhau. Nu cn hy xc
nh chnh xc chiu rng ca mng cp thch hp vi qun l cp.
e. Cui cng l ng bn knh ca cp, thng thng ngi ta s s dng ng bn knh

ti thiu ca cp cho php.
VI. Tng Hp Thnh Phn Trunking - Tray - Ladder:

H THNG C IN TA NH

H THNG C IN TA NH
CHNG IV: H Thng T in ng Lc - iu Khin

I. Gii thiu:
Hin ang cn tip tc cp nht, cha tm ti liu lp ch . C mt s lp hc v thit k t

in, bn c th tham kho ti: http://topedu.com.vn
CHNG V: Tnh Ton Dy in - Contactor - Circuit Breaker
I. Tnh Ton Dy in.

1. Thuyt Minh:
Chng ta iu thy mt th c in qu trnh chn la dy cp in iu theo kinh
nghim.
Nhng lm mt bn thuyt minh d thu hay mt la chn vi nhng dy cp in
tng i ln th cn c mt bn tnh ton v a ra nhng thng s im nhn
quyt nh chn ng dy cp in, hng sn xut cng nh thng s yu cu ca sn
phm: Cadivi, thnh pht .v.v.
Da vo kinh nghim trong qu trnh la chn khi cn lm bo tr in, mnh vit bi
ny hy vng cc bn d dng chn la mt kch thc dy dn ph hp nht, tit kim
nht c th.
y bn phi bit r dng in mnh ang dn l bao nhiu, hoc theo kinh nghim
mnh th 1 Kw/pha tng ng 5 ampe. Nu 3 pha th ly cng sut tng chia 3 ra ri

H THNG C IN TA NH
tnh tng t.
2. La chn kch c dy dn in: Tnh ton mng h p (3 pha 380 V, 1 pha 220 V).
2.1. Theo kinh nghim: Khng tnh ton nhiu, ch theo tiu ch l dng in chy qua dy
dn in th chn kch thc cho ph hp. Dy dn thng chn vi tit din d rt ln,
phng php ny c dng ph bin nht.
- Trong xy dng nh theo TCXD 25 - 1991:
+ Dng in lin tc cho php ln nht ca dy dn rut ng c cch in bng v

cao su , nha tng hp khi nhit khng kh l 25oC.
Tit din rut dy Dng in lin tc ln Dng in nh mc ca dy

dn ( mm2) nht cho php (A) chy cu ch ( A )
Dy chiu sng,dy chnh , dy
nhnh trong nh
0,5 6 -
0,75 6 -
1 6 6
1,5 10 10
2,5 15 15
4 25 25
6 35 35
10 60 60
16 90 80
25 125 100
35 150 125
50 190 160
70 240 200
95 290 225
120 340 260

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Dng in lin tc cho php ln nht ca dy dn rut ng c cch in bng v

cao su , nha tng hp t trong ng khi nhit khng kh l 25oC.
Dng in nh
Dng in lin tc cho php ln nht (A) mc ca dy chy
Tit din rut cu ch (A)
dy dn ( mm2)
Trong ng c Trong ng c Trong ng c Dng trong nh
2 dy dn 3 dy dn 4 dy dn
1 6 6 6 6
1,5 10 10 10 10
2,5 15 15 15 15
4 25 25 25 20
6 35 35 35 25
10 60 55 45 35
16 75 70 65 60
22,5 100 90 80 80
35 120 110 100 100
50 165 150 135 125
70 200 185 165 160
95 245 225 200 200
120 280 255 230 230
Khi s lng dy ti in nhiu hn s qui nh trn cc bng nu trn th iu chnh bng cc

h s gim cng dng in theo cc h s:
* Nu 5~6 dy trong mt ng , h s gim cng l 0,68.
* Nu 7~9 dy trong mt ng th h s gim cng l 0,63.
* Nu 10 ~12 dy trong mt ng th h s gim cng l 0,60.
- Trong cng nghip: Chn contactor bng 2 ln dng nh mc ca n.

H THNG C IN TA NH
Kinh nghim k thut ca mnh cng n gin thi, ly bng thng s cp ca cadivi :
http://www.cadivi-vn.com/HuongDan_vn_daycap_1.asp
Sau ly dng in c sn ca mnh nhn 1,4 ln cho ra dng in trn dy cp => t chn
cp.
Nu dn vo mch ng lc nhiu motor qu (dng khi ng ln) th nhn cho 1,6 ln hoc 2
ln ri chn kch thc dy cp (hi xa gi tui lm cch ny).
VD: Mt ng c 3 pha 9 Kw => 1 pha 3 Kw, ly cosphi = 0,6 => 23 Ampe => 23 x 2 = 46
Ampe. Ta chn trung bnh l 1 dy 3 rut 4 mm2.
Nhng nu ch dn cho h thng ti nhit v ti khc th cosphi = 0,8 =>15 ampe => 15 x 1,6 =
24 Ampe => ta ch chn dy 2,5 mm2 cho mi pha.
Cng thc: Icatalogue,cadivi = k1* k2 * Icp > Itt.

Icp: dng in lu di cho php trn dy dn.
Itt: cng dng in tnh ton nh my.
k1: H s hiu chnh nhit ng vi mi trng t dy, cp.
k2: H s hiu chnh nhit ng vi s lng dy cp i chung trong 1 rnh.
2.2. Theo tnh ton k thut: Da trn cc tiu ch la chn ca cp in Cadivi. hoc
theo GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU LP T THIT B TRONG CNG
TRNH DN DNG. download Ti y
+ yu t chn dy cp in :
Dng in nh mc.
st p.
Dng in ngn mch.
Cch lp t.
Nhit mi trng hoc nhit t.
+ Dng in nh mc :
- Dng in chy trong rut cp th s sinh nhit lm cho cp nng ln. Khi nhit cp
vt qu mc cho php th phi chn cp c tit din rut dn ln hn.
- Cc bng v dng in nh mc v st p sau y da trn :
Nhit lm vic cho php ti a ca rut dn.
Nhit khng kh.
Nhit t.
Nhit tr sut ca t.
su lp t (khi chn cp trong t).
iu kin lp t.
+ st p :

H THNG C IN TA NH
- Mt yu t quan trng khc phi xem xt khi chn c cp l st p do tn hao trn

cp. st p ph thuc vo:
Dng in ti.
H s cng sut.
Chiu di cp.
in tr cp.
in khng cp.
IEE 522-8 quy nh st p khng c vt qu 2.,5% in p danh nh.
Vi mch 1 pha 220V st p cho php 5.5V, Vi mch 3 pha 380V st p cho
php 9.5V.
Khi st p ln hn mc cho php th khch hng phi chn cp c tit din rut dn ln
hn.
S tay hng dn s dng ca Cadivi: Download
II. Tnh Ton Chn CB - Aptomat.
1. Thuyt minh:
cng ging phng php trn cng da vo dng in chy qua n.
Chn CB 3 pha (400 V, 440 V, 500 V, 600 V, 690 V), 1 pha (220 V, 240 V, 250 V).
Bn xc nh chnh xc dng in chy qua CB bnh thng l bao nhiu, dng in
qu ti (nu c), dng in ngn mch trn h thng.
Kh nng ct dng ngn mch.
Chn nhng hng sn xut c uy tn nh: Mitsubishi, LS (LG), Merlin Gerin, Clipsal,
Siemen .v.v.
2. La chn CB:
U mCB > U mL (lun c sn xut vi in p ln hn in p nh my).
I mCB >= I tnh ton (la chn ging nh tnh kch thc dy in, tc chn I mCB >= 1,4 I tt).
I cmCB >= I ngn mch (Tnh t im ngn mch tr v ngun).
Cng thc nh: I ngn mch = Utb/v3xZn. Dng ngn mch i t im ngn mch n ngun
in.
Bn mun tnh ngn mch th bn phi c thng s:
ngn mch ng dy: loi dy, kch c dy, chiu di tra ra thng s dy Z = r + jx. V ch
r ngn mch t im no trn ng dy.
Nu ngn mch trong ng C th phi c tng tr C Zng c = r + jx

H THNG C IN TA NH
CHNG VI: Tnh Ton My Bm Nc - ng Nc
I. Thuyt Minh:
- Chn bm nc bnh thng trong cng nghip th 4 yu t chnh l lu lng, ct p,
nht (khi bi ton cn s tnh ton chi tit) v kch thc ng ng.
- Trong ct p l phn phc tp nht, ta chn mt tuyt ng ng di nht t ni t bn
nc bm n v tr cn bm, khi tn tht ct p trn on ny l cao nht. Trong tuyn
ng chnh c nhiu kch thc ng ng khc nhau th ta tnh tn tht trn tng on.
Sau cng tng cng cc ct p li ra ct p tng ton b tuyn ng.
- Tuy nhin c nhiu cch tnh ton bm nc trong dn dng theo kinh nghim, hay khi
d thu hay cng trnh ln cn qu trnh tnh ton chi tit hn chn bm chnh xc hn.
- Do nng lc c hn, nn mnh vit mt s cch tnh ton m mnh bit.
II. Cch tnh ton my bm thng dng: ( tm thng s lu lng, ct p, ng ng).

1. Tnh ton theo kinh nghim: (nc thng 25~ 30oC, khng tnh nht).
- V lu lng: n v m3/h hoc lt/pht (L/min). Chn theo lu lng mnh cn.
v d:
+ Trong mt gi th bm y bn 3 mt khi => lu lng 3 khi/gi.
+ Mun bm y 2 bn, mi bn 4 mt khi trong 3 gi =>8 khi/3gi =>2,7 khi/gi.
+ Trn my c sn lu lng cn bm qua, ri ly tng lu lng cc my ra lu lng
chnh.
- V ct p: t im thp nht n im cao nht (theo mt cao) + tn tht p trn co ct t,

ma st thnh ng (do ng sn xi hoc ng kch c nh) + tn tht p khi chy qua ti. Nu c
nhiu u nc ra, th ta chn tuyn ng ng di nht tnh t v tr bm t c tn tht
p sut cao nht.
+ im thp nht n im cao nht v tr ra ct p hi (tc l nc t tun hon tr li
bm).
+ Ly theo kinh nghip mt co vung bng 3% ct p tng, t th ly 2 % ct p tng. Ly 5
mt theo chiu ngang bng 1 mt theo chiu cao.
+ Tn tht p khi chy qua ti nu ti c sn thng s tn tht p lc.
+ Sau khi c c ct p mnh nhn thm h s an ton 1,4 ln ct p tng. Ri bo kt qu
cho bn bn bm nc bit (v nhu cu s dng, lu lng, ct p) nh sn xut tra th
v chn bm bo gi cho bn.
- V Kch thc ng ng: (ch cn c thng s lu lng). Da vo cng thc:

H THNG C IN TA NH
Vn tc nc da vo tiu chun vit nam 4513-1988. Download TCVN 4513 - 1988
mc 6.5 Trang 14 Trong tiu chun. Ly nc dng cho mi nhu cu sinh hot vn tc V =
1,2 m/s v cha chy l 2,5 m/s.
VD: Gi s Q = 28,8 l/s, dng cho cha chy V = 2,5 m/s.

=> D = V-(4 x 28,8 / 3,14 x 25) = 1.21 dm hay phi121 => ng DN150 (hoc DN125).
2. Tnh ton theo cng thc bn cu ha: (nc thng 25~ 30oC, khng tnh nht).
- V lu lng: nh trn.v.v.
- V Kch thc ng ng: nh trn.v.v.

- V ct p: Ct p H = H1 + H2 +H3.
+ H1: l tng ca ct p cao nht ( tc l p lc nc theo cao t v tr t bm n ni xa
nht ca h thng. Kinh nghim 5 mt ngang bng 1 mt cao.
+ H2: ct p phun nc ti u ra .
+ H3: tn tht p ti co ct t trn ng ng (tn tht cc b) v ma st ng ng.
V D:
-- Gi s: khong cch t bm n ni cn bm cao l 40 m, ng i ngang 20 m, lu
lng 104 m3/h hay 28,8 l/s.
-- ct p cao H1 = 40+4 = 44 mt cao.
-- H2 ly bng 5 mt phun theo cao.
-- H3 = Ha + Hb = A x L x Q2 + 10%*Ha
Hb = 10%*Ha l tn tht qua t, co trn ton h thng.
Q: lu lng nc qua ng (l/s)
L: chiu di ca on ng (m)
Vi A l sc cn ma st t ng (mi ng li c sc cn khc nhau). A ly theo tiu chun
vit nam 4513-1988. => nh v d trn ng knh ng l DN150 => A = 0,00003395
=> H3 = 0,00003395 x (40+20) x 28,82 +10%*Ha = 2 mt nc.
Vy H = 44 + 5 + 2 = 51 mt nc. v lu lng l 104 m3/h = 1728 l/min => tra th th
bm l chn bm 40 hp (30 Kw in), ng ng DN150.
3. Tnh ton theo cng thc chi tit:

- V lu lng: nh trn.v.v.
- V Kch thc ng ng: nh trn.v.v.

H THNG C IN TA NH
- V ct p: Ct p H = H1 + H2 +H3. Vi H3 = Pma st + Pcc b

Trong :
Pms : Tn tht ma st ng ng, Pa

Pcb: Tn tht p sut cc b, Pa
Nht ca nc theo bng sau: v d 7oC th nht l 1,306 x 10 -6 m2/s.

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Tc l Bi ton tnh H3 th t nh sau:

u tin xc nh nhit ca nc. VD nh nc thng 30 oC => nht 0,8 x 10 -
6
m2/s, khi lng ring ca nc 1000 Kg/m3. 2 i lng trn thay i theo nhit
v loi vt cht khc.
in thng s vo cng thc Reynol tnh dng chy ri hay tng thay vo cng
thc. vi tc nc chnh l vn tc nc (2,5 m/s hoc 2 m/s). V d l ng knh
ca ng tnh ra khi c lu lng.
Sau tnh h s .
Thay vo cng thc tnh Pms. Vi mt nc thay vo l 1000 Kg/m3.
Tnh Pcb: kh khn h s tr khng cc b ta da vo bng tra thng s k thut
ca nh sn xut, hoc theo cch tnh trang 6-7chng 10 gio trnh iu Ha v thng
gi (s lng co, ct, t, gim.v.v.). Tr khng cc b bng tng cc tr khng cc co,
t, cc v cc van nc.
+ V d bi ton nh sau: ng ng di 60 mt, Lu lng nc 28,8 l/s, ng ng
DN150, nc thng 30oC. V = 2,5 m/s. ng ng c 2 van v 1 co 90o.
=> nht 0,8 x 10 -6 m2/s.
=> Re = 2,5 x 0,15/0,8 x 10 -6 =47 x 104 >104. => dng chy ri.
=> = 1/(1,82 log 47 x 104 - 1,64)2 = 0,01.
=> Pms = 0,01 x 60 x 1000 x 2,52/(0,15 x2) = 12500 Pa ~ 1,27 mt nc cao.

=> Pcb vi mi van c tr khng cc b l 2,5 v co 90o l 0,6. Tr khng cc b tng l
5,6.
Pcb = 5,6 x 1000 x 2,52/2 = 17500 Pa ~ 1,78 mt nc cao.
H3 = 1,27 + 1,78 = 3,05 mt nc cao (> 2 mt nc cao trn v cha xt n tn tht co,
van).
4. Tnh ton Bng phn mm:

+ Mnh s dng phn mm pipe flow wizard V1.12. Download Ti y
Phn mm ch yu tnh ct p H (ct p tng trn ng ng).
y l cch tnh ton nhanh nht c kt qu tng i nht.
Nh nhng trong vic tra 3 i lng: nht v khi lng theo nhit , tn tht cc
b ng ng khi cha tm c tr khng cc b trn catalogue.
Phn mm c 4 phn, tuy nhin ta ch tp trung vo phn u tin l tnh p sut (find
Pressure). Giao din m hnh nh sau:

H THNG C IN TA NH
Cc bc th t nh sau:
a. Chn h n v l metric, Lu lng chn l m3/hr.

b. Internal roughness: i din cho sc cn hay sn si mt ng, ta khng in vo. Ta
ch in click chn vo Pipe material chn loi vt liu ng (ng nha regid PVC, ng thp
steel, ng inox stainless.v.v.). Mi loi ng c nhm khc nhau.
c. internal diameter: chn ng knh trong ca ng (ng DN 15 (phi 21), DN 20 (phi 27),
DN 25 (phi 34), DN 32 (phi 42), DN 40 (phi 49), DN 50 (phi 60), DN 65 (phi 76), DN 80 (phi
90), DN 100 (phi 114), DN 125 (phi 146), DN 150.v.v. Ta t chn v nhp vo kch thc ng
DN XX.
d. Length (mt): chiu di tng ng ng (ng ngang + ng cao). V d trn l 40 + 20
=60 mt ng.
e. Elevation change:(H1+H2) cao ct p nc t im thp nht n im cao nht v
ct p mong mun ti u phun nc ra ngoi.
V d trn l 40 mt cao + u ra ng thm 5 mt phun cao =45 mt. 2 la chn: Rise l cng
thm vo (bm t thp ln cao) v Fall l tr ra (Bm t cao xung thp).
f. Flow: lu lng dng chy (m3/hr, lt/pht). Chn m3/hr. Nhp theo lu lng mun tnh.
g. none: chn s lng co ct t van trn ng ng, my tnh tr khng cc b tng thit
b. Thng th khng c van lc (value filter). V van lc gy tn tht p sut ln nht trn h
thng, nn ta phi bt but tra trm cng ring ct p vo bi ton khi kt thc.

H THNG C IN TA NH
h. Water @ 20oC (68oF): click phi vo n, chn nhit nc thng 30oC (86oF). My t
tra cu v a ra thng s nht Centistokes 0,802. V khi lng ring Relative density
0,996 tn/m3.
i. Click vo Calculate Pressure Drop: Ra ct p tng ( cng p sut tn tht) Pressure

Drop. n v l mhd hoc bar.
III. Chn Cng sut in cho bm nc: (khi c ct p v lu lng).
1. Tnh cng sut bm theo cng thc thng: Khng chnh xc bng tra th bm c sn
ca hng sn xut, v hiu sut s dng l ly ty .
Cng sut in Pbm(walt in) = p lc (Pa) x 10-3 x Lu Lng(lt/giy)/hiu sut s dng

(n=0,65 ~ 0,9).
i t ct p mt nc ra p lc Pa ri thay vo cng thc.

VD: Mun bm bn 2 khi, bn t trn nc ta nh 3 tng cao 14 mt so vi v tr cp nc t

H THNG C IN TA NH
mng nc sinh hot, ng ng i theo chiu ngang tng l 10 mt. Dng ng thp, phi 34
(DN25), dng 4 co vung.
=> chiu di tng 14 + 10 = 24 mt tng.
=> chn bn cn 400 lt th bm => bm 1,6 khi/gi = 1600/3600 = 0,4444 lit/giy.
Da vo kt qu 15,227 mt nc = 149328 Pa.

=> Cng sut in = 149328 x 10-3 x 0,44444 / 0,65 = 102,104 Walt in. Nu mun mua bm
ta nhn cho h s d tr 1,4 ln. Tc bng 102,104 x 1,4 =142,95 Walt ~1/4 Hp in cho bm.
2 . Tra Th bm tng hng sn xut: Tra th chn cng sut my bm.

H THNG C IN TA NH

H THNG C IN TA NH
IV. Mt S im Nhn nh Gi My Bm Nc:
Download Gio Trnh My Bm: http://www.mediafire.com/?3yqkzdw3bcsgmwh

Download: Bo Dng My Bm Nh My: http://www.mediafire.com/?i9e41b1ea3d6f17
nh gi theo n. My gi cng cao n cng thp.
nh gi theo hiu sut s dng, My ca Chu u hiu sut s dng ln.
nh gi theo mc chu ti, do kch thc dy qun ln hn, kh nng chu qu ti
ln.
.v.v.

H THNG C IN TA NH
B./ H THNG IU HA-THNG GI :

CHNG I : H THNG IU HA DNG GAS LNH, IU HA
BNG HI NC EVAPORATIVE AIR COOLER
I./ H THNG IU HA DNG GAS LNH:
Cac loai he thong dieu hoa
1. H thng iu ha cc b:
u im Chung:
H thng ny gm 2 loi chnh l my iu ha ca s v my iu ha tch nng sut lnh n

7kw (24000Btu/h) .
y l loi my lnh nh hot ng hon ton t ng, lp t, vn hnh, bo tr, bo dng,

sa cha d dng, tui th trung bnh cao, tin cy cao, gi thnh r thch hp vi cc phng
v cn h nh ,tin in thanh ton ring bit .
Nhc im c bn:
kh p dng c cho cc phng ln, hi trng, phn xng, v cc ta nh cao tng, t m

quan, ph v kin trc ca ta nh khi p dng cho vn phng v khch sn ...
a/ My iu ha ca s :
L loi my iu ha khng kh nh nht c v nng sut lnh, kch thc cng nh s lng.
Ton b cc thit b chnh nh my nn, qut gii nhit, qut gi lnh, cc thit b iu khin,
iu chnh t ng, phin lc gi kh mi ca gi ti cng nh cc thit b ph khc c lp
t trong mt v gn nh. Nng sut lnh khng qu 7kw(24000Btu/h) v thng chia ra 5 loi
:6, 9, 12, 26 v 24 ngn Btu .
u im :
vn hnh d dng, khng cn cng nhn c tay ngh cao.

H THNG C IN TA NH
C si m bng bm nhit.
C kh nng ly gi ti qua ca ly gi ti.
Nhit phng c iu chnh nh Thermostar.
Vn u t thp v gi r v c sn xut hng lot.
Nhc im :
Kh nng lm sch khng kh km.
n cao.
Kh b tr trong phng ln.
b/ My my iu ha tch (iu ha 2 cc):

L loi my c 2 cm ring bit: trong nh v ngoi tri.
Cm trong nh c: dn lnh, b iu khin, qut ly tm kiu cc trc.
Cm ngoi tri gm: my nn, ng c v qut hng trc.Hai cm c ni vi nhau
bng ng ng gas i v v .
ng x nc ngng t gin bay hi v ng dy in i khi c b tr dc theo hai
ng ng ny thnh mt bi ng .
u im :
Gim ting n trong nh rt ph hp vi yu cu tin nghi nn c s dng rng ri
trong gia nh .
Lp t d dng, d b tr gin lnh v gin nng, t ph thuc vo kt cu nh, tn

H THNG C IN TA NH
din tch lp t, ch phi c tng mt l nh ng knh 70mm bo m thm m

cao.
Nhc im:
Khng ly c gi ti nn cn phi c qut ly gi ti.
ng dn gas di hn, dy in tn nhiu hn.
Gi thnh t hn.
n v pha ngoi nh nh hng n cc h bn cnh .
Khi lp t thng dn lnh cao hn gin ngng nhng chiu cao khng nn qu 3m v
chiu di ng ng dn gas khng nn qu 10m.
2. H thng iu ha (t hp) gn
My iu ha tch: l loi my iu ha c kt cu tng t my iu ha tch ca h thng
iu ha cc b ch khc nhau v c my nn v nng sut lnh .Do kt cu cm dn nng
v dn lnh c nhiu kiu dng hn .
+ My iu ha tch khng c ng gi.
+ My iu ha tch c ng gi.
+ My iu ha dn ngng t xa.
a/ My iu ha tch khng ng gi:

C th ni, nhiu my iu ha tch ca h thng iu ha gn v ca h thng iu
ha cc b ch khc nhau v c my v v nng sut lnh. Do nng sut lnh ln hn
nn kt cu ca dn nng v dn lnh i khi cng c nhiu kiu dng hn.
Cm dn nng c kiu qut qut hng trc thi ln trn vi 3 mt dn. Cm dn lnh
cng a dng hn rt nhiu, ngoi loi treo tng cn c loi treo trn, du trn k sn
...
i khi trong iu ha thng nghip, cng ngh, ngi ta cn gp loi tch c bit
cm dn nng ch c qut, cn my nn li c lp cng vi dn lnh .
My iu ha kiu t tng thng c dng cho cc hi trng, nh khch nh hng,
cc vn phng tng i rng ri ...Dn bay hi vi qut gi thi t do, khng c ng
gi, nng sut lnh ti 14kw ( 18000Btu/h).
Do qut dn bay hi c ting n thp nn rt thch hp cho iu ha tin nghi .
Ngoi kiu t tng cn rt nhiu phng n b tr dn lnh khc nh: t sn treo
tng, treo trn .. m bo m quan . kiu t sn c th chuyn thnh kiu du
tng, ngha l dn lnh trong hm tng, bn ngoi ch nhn thy chp gi .Loi
giu trn c ming gi phn phi v ming gi hi .
b/ My iu ha tch c ng gi:

H THNG C IN TA NH
My iu ha tch c ng gi thng c gi l my iu ha thng nghip kiu

tch ,nng sut lnh t 12000Btu/h n 24000Btu/h.
Dn lnh c b tr qut ly tm ct p cao nn c th lp thm ng gi phn phi
u gi trong phng rng hoc a gi i xa phn phi cho nhiu phng khc nhau.
c/ My iu ha dn ngng t xa:
i b phn cc my iu ha tch c my nn b tr chung vi cm dn nng. Nhng
trong mt s trng hp my nn li nm trong cm dn lnh .
My iu ha dn ngng t xa cng c chung cc u nhc im ca my iu ha
tch.
Tuy nhin do c im my nn b tr cm dn lnh nn n trong nh cao. Chnh

H THNG C IN TA NH
v l do my iu ha dn ngng t xa khng thch hp cho iu ha tin nghi.

Ch nn s dng my iu ha ny cho iu ha cng ngh trong thng nghip trong
cc phn xng hoc ca hng, nhng ni chp nhn c ting n ca n.
3. My iu ha nguyn cm
a/ My iu ha lp mi:
My iu ha lp mi l my iu ha nguyn cm c nng sut lnh trung bnh v
ln. Ch yu dng trong cng nghip v thng nghip.
Cm dn nng v lnh c gn lin vi nhau thnh mt khi duy nht. Quat dn lnh
l quat ly tm ct p cao.
My c b tr ng phn phi gi lnh v gi nng.
Ngoi kh nng lp t trn mi bng ca phng iu ha cn c kh nng lp my
ban cng. Mi hin hoc gi cha sau b tr ng ng gi cp v gi hi hp l.
b/ My iu ha nguyn cm gii nhit nc v Gi:

Do bnh ngng gii nhit nc rt gn nh ,khng chim din tch v th tch lp t
ln nh dn ngng gii nhit gi nn thng c b tr cng vi my nn v dn bay
hi thnh mt t hp hon chnh .
c sn xut hng lot v lp rp hon chnh ti nh my nn c tin cy, tui th
v mc t ng cao, gi thnh r, my gn nh, ch cn ni vi h thng nc lm
mt v h thng ng go nu cn l sn sng hot ng .
Vn hnh kinh t trong iu kin ti thay i .

H THNG C IN TA NH
Lp t nhanh chng ,khng cn th chuyn nghnh lnh ,vn hnh bo dng ,vn
chuyn d dng.
C ca ly gi ti.
B tr d dng cho cc phn xng sn xut v cc nh hng, siu th chp nhn c
n cao. Nu dng cho iu ha tin nghi phi c bung my cch m v b tr tiu
m cho c ng gi cp v ng gi hi .
4. H thng iu ha trung tm nc Water Chiller:

a. Gii Thiu:
L h thng s dng nc lnh 70C lm lnh khng kh qua cc dn trao i nhit
FCU v AHU. H thng iu ha trung tm nc ch yu gm :
My lm lnh nc, hay my sn xut nc lnh t thng t 12 xung 70C.
H thng bm v ng ng dn nc lnh n AHU v FCU. H thng bm nc gii
nhit vo Cooling Tower.
Ngun nhit si m, dng iu chnh m v si m ma ng thng do ni
hi nc nng hoc thanh in tr cung cp .
Cc dn trao i nhit lm lnh hoc si m khng kh bng nc nng FCU hoc
AHU.

H THNG C IN TA NH
b. H thng trung tm nc c cc u im sau :

C vng tun hon an ton nn khng s ng c hoc tai nn do r r mi cht lnh ra
ngoi ,v nc khng c hi .
C th khng ch m trong khng gian iu ha theo tng phng ring bit, n nh
v duy tr cc iu kin vi kh hu tt nht .
Thch hp cho cc ta nh nh khch sn ,vn phng vi mi tiu chun cao v mi
kin trc khng ph v cnh quan.
ng nc so vi ng gi nh hn nhiu do tit kim c nguyn vt liu xy dng.
C kh nng s l sch khng kh cao,p ng mi yu cu ra.
t phi bo dng sa cha.
Nng sut lnh hu nh khng hn ch.
So vi h thng VRV ,vng tun hon mi cht lnh n gin hn nhiu nn d kim
sot.
c. Nhc im ca h thng iu ha trung tm nc :

V dng nc lm cht ti lnh (nc, glycol.v.v.) nn b tn tht nng sut lnh.
Cn phi b tr h thng ly gi ti cho cc FCU.
Cch nhit cho ng ng nc lnh kh phc tp c bit do ng m v m Vit
Nam qu cao.
Thi Cng, Lp t kh khn.
i hi cng hn vn hnh lnh ngh .
5. My iu ha VRV, VRF:
a. Gii Thiu:
Do cc h thng ng gi CAV (Contant air volume) v VAV (Variable air volume) s dng
ng gi iu chnh nhit , m trong phng qua cng knh, tn nhiu khng gian v din
tch lp t nn hng Daikin ca Nht Bn a ra gii php VRV (Variable Refrigerant
Volume) l iu chnh nng sut lnh qua vic iu chnh lu lng mi cht .

H THNG C IN TA NH
Thc cht l pht trin my iu ha tch v mt nng sut lnh cng nh s dn lnh trc tip
t trong cc phng, tng chiu cao lp t v chiu di ng ng gia cm dn nng v dn
lnh c th ng dng cho cc ta nh cao tng kiu vn phng v khch sn.
b. My iu ha VRV ch yu dng cho iu ha tin nghi v c c im sau:

H THNG C IN TA NH
T ngng c 2 my nn ,trong mt my nn iu chnh nng sut lnh theo kiu on-

off, cn mt my iu chnh bc theo my bin tn.
Cc thng s vi kh hu c khng ch ph hp vi tng nhu cu vng, kt ni trong
mng diu khin trung tm.
Cc my VRV c cc dy cng sut hp l lp ghp vi nhau thnh cc mng p ng
nhu cu nng sut lnh khc nhau t 7kw n hng ngn kw cho cc ta nh cao tng
hng trm mt vi hng ngn phng a chc nng.
VRV gii quyt tt vn hi du v my nn do cm dn nng c th t cao hn
dn lnh n 50m v cc dn lnh c th cch nhau cao ti 15m. ng ng dn mi
cht lnh t cm dn nng n cm dn lnh xa nht ti 100m to iu kin cho vic b
tr my d dng trong cc nh cao tng, vn phng khch sn m trc y ch c h
thng trung tm nc m nhim.
Do ng ng dn gas di, nng sut lnh gim nn hng Dai Kin dng my bin tn
iu chnh nng sut lnh, lm cho h thng lnh khng nhng c ci thin m cn
vt nhiu h thng my thng dng.
tin cy cao do cc chi tit c lp rp, ch to ton b ti nh my vi cht lng
cao.
Kh nng sa cha bo dng rt nng ng v nhanh chng nh cc thit b t pht
hin h hng chuyn dng cng nh s kt ni pht hin h hng ti trung tm qua
mng internet.
So vi h thng trung tm nc, H thng VRV rt gn nh v cm dn nng b tr trn
tng thng hoc bn sn ta nh cn ng ng dn mi cht lnh c kch thc nh
hn nhiu so vi ng ng dn nc lnh v ng ng gi .
H VRV c 9 kiu dn lnh khc nhau vi ti a 6 cp nng sut lnh rt a dng v
phong ph ,p ng thm m a dng ca khch hng .
C th kt hp lm lnh v si m phng trong cng mt h thng kiu bm nhit
hoc thu hi nhit hiu sut cao .
c. Nhng li th ca h thng VRV so vi h thng trung tm nc:

+ H thng thng thng iu ho khng kh cho ton b to nh, tri li h VRV thch hp
lm lnh ring l cho tng phng. Do rt l tng cho vic b tr i vi tng loi cao c
in hnh. Hn th na, c th iu khin chnh xc theo tng mc ph hp vi iu kin
ca mi phng. iu khin ring bit to ra tnh kinh t v hiu qu hn cho h thng.
+ Tit kim nng lng kt hp s dng HRV thng gi, ci thin ng k hiu qu nng
lng.
+ Tit kim khng gian lp t: hiu qu s dng khng gian c nng cao do my nh
gn, chiu di ng ln v c kh nng p ng mt h thng khng kh c ln ch vi tuyn
ng n.

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Linh hot trong thit k:

- ng ng cho php linh hot hn khi thit k h thng.
- Cng ngh my nn mi loi b vic cn tnh ton ng ng, rt ngn thi gian thit k.
- D dng thay i cch b tr do cng sut dn lnh c th t n 130% cng sut dn nng.
+ tin cy ti a:
- Chc nng t chun on gip kim tra v pht hin cc s c nhanh chng v chnh xc.
- Chc nng t khi ng li m bo h thng hot ng li c ch ci t nh trc

ngay c khi lm gin on hot ng ca h thng.
+ Lp t n gin:
- Thit b nh gn v nh c th c vn chuyn bng cc phng php nng thng thng.
- S lng ng t hn gip vic b tr n gin hn, vic kim tra sau khi lp t khng qu
phc tp.
Nhc im ca h thng VRV l khng ly c gi ti hay cc coil x l gi ti khng

hiu qu. cp gi ti cho phng v tit kim nng lng cho h thng iu ho khng kh
cn b tr thm thit b thng gi thu hi nhit i km. Gi thnh ca h thng VRV tng i
cao nn ch yu phc v cho iu ha tin nghi cht lng cao.
II./ IU HA BNG HI NC EVAPORATIVE AIR COOLER:

H Thng Lm mt nh xng bng tm Cooling pad
1. Gii Thiu:
Chng ta thng thy loi qut nc dng trong lm mt dn dng, th y l loi c
dng trong lm mt trong nh xng cng nghip vi din tch lm mt khng kh ln.
Nhit nh xng gim xung t 3 - 7 oC.
L mt thit b lm mt khng kh thng qua vic hp thu nhit bay hi ca nc. Bay
hi lm mt hot ng bng cch s dng entanpy ln ca nc bay hi.
Nhit khng kh kh c th c gim xung ng k thng qua qu trnh chuyn
i ca hi nc (bay hi). Qua lm tng m khng kh tng s thoi mi ca
khng kh nh xng.
Tc bay hi ph thuc vo nhit v m ca khng kh, khng kh cng kh
nng th bay hi lm mt bng nc cng c hiu qu.
Hiu ng Wind_Chill Effeet: l hiu ng lm mt th cp t c khi ln gi nh thi
qua da ngi lm bay hi hi m trn da, lm cho ngi th cm gic mt hn.
Lm mt khng kh bng cch ny s dng nng lng t hn nhiu so vi lm lnh
bng my lnh dng mi cht lnh (tn in bng ch bng 8%), tit kim chi ph u
t, bo dng.

H THNG C IN TA NH
2. Phn Loi V Cu To: Gm 2 loi:

a. Lm mt bay hi p sut m (phng php ng ca):
Vi nh xng phi kn, khng kh ch lt vo thng qua tm cooling pad.
H thng lp t n gin r tin, d bo tr bo dng.
Mt u nh xng t h thng Cooling pad v u cn li t h thng qut cho h
thng thng gi iu ti u, hiu sut lm mt cao.
Khng kh nhim cn c ht ht ra ngoi nht l trong cc ngnh dt nhm.
+ Nguyn L Hot ng:

Khng kh nng, nhim t my c qut ht hng trc cng nghip ht ra ngoi
to ra s chnh lch p sut bn trong v ngoi xng.
Do chnh lch p, khng kh bn ngoi s trn vo thng qua khe h t tm cooling
pad, tm cooling pad c nc t my bm phn phi iu ln b mt, tng hiu
qu tip xc vi lung khng kh.
Khi khng kh nng, kh i qua h thng mnh c, s b h thng ny hp th nhit
thng qua hiu ng bay hi ca nc.
Nhit ca khng kh gim xung t 4-8 C, cng vi tc ca gi s lm cho
ngi cm gic nhit thp hn nhit gim trn.
Nh vy h thng trn gm 2 b phn chnh:

H thng tm cooling pad v h thng bm phn phi nc.

H THNG C IN TA NH
H thng qut ht hng trc cng nghip to ra s lun chuyn ca dng khng kh t
Cooling pad vo bn trong nh xng v qua qut ht ra bn ngoi xng.
b. Lm mt bay hi p sut dng (phng php m ca):
My lm mt Evaporative Air Cooler

Khng cn nh xng phi kn m a s cc nh xng iu khng p ng iu kin
ny.
n gin, lp t v tr linh ng v lm lnh cc b nhng ni cn thit.
Hiu sut thp hn, tn hao in hn, chi ph u t cao hn phng php ng ca.
khng phi ht ht lng khng kh nhim ra ngoi trong qu trnh sn xut.
+ Nguyn L Hot ng:

- Ging nh trn, tuy nhin ch khc l khng kh c ht vo bn trong thit b thng qua
qut t bn trong my, ri theo h thng ng gi phn phi n khu vc cn thit. Khng kh
nng c y ra ngoi do p sut bn trong cao.
- Cng gm cc thit b nh: tm cooling pad v h thng bm tng p phn phi nc, qut
ly tm lng sc, hoc hng trc.
H THNG C IN TA NH
c. Phng Php Tnh Ton:

V D: Nh xng ngnh dt c Di x Rng x Cao = 60 x 50 x 4
- S ln trao i khng kh trong 1 gi theo tiu chun = 50 ln/h n 60 ln/h.

1. Lm Mt Theo Phng php ng Ca:
+ C hiu sut lm mt cao hn phng php m ca, nn tit kim in hn, nhit h xung
4-6oC.
+ Chn s ln trao i khng kh l 60 ln. => lng khng kh cn ht ra khi xng trong 1
gi l 60 x 50 x 4 x 60 = 720.000 m3/h (ly qut t cao 4 mt).

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Chn qut ht cng nghip c lu lng ht l 44.500 m3/h, cng sut 1,1 Kw/h. => S
lng qut ht = 720.000/44.500 = 16 cy qut.
+ Vn tc gi qua tm Cooling pad ly nh hn 3 m/s. Ly vn tc gi l 2,5 m/s = 9000 m/h.

=> din tch tng cc tm cooling pad l 720.000/9000 = 80 m2. Chiu cao trung bnh 1 tm l
1,8 m cao => 80/1,8 = 45 mt ngang.
+ Cng Sut in tng = qut + Bm Nc(2x2 Kw) = 16 x 1,1 + 4 = 21,6 Kw in.
2. Lm Mt Theo Phng php M Ca:

+ C hiu sut lm mt thp hn phng php ng ca. nhit h xung 3-5oC.
+ Chn s ln trao i khng kh l 60 ln. chiu cao t v tr t my lm mt l 3 mt =>
lng khng kh cn ht ra khi xng trong 1 gi l 60 x 50 x 3 x 60 = 540.000 m3/h.
+ Ly mt my lm mt tiu chun l 30.000 m3/h, cng sut in l 2,2 Kw, => s lng
my l 540.000/30.000 = 18 my lm mt hi nc.
+ Cng Sut in 18 my = 18 x 2,2 = 39,6 Kw in.

+ Cng sut bm tng p, ln v tr cao 3 mt (55 lt/my x 18 my = 990 lt/gi) = 0,75 Kw
in.
+ Cng Sut in tng = my lm mt + Bm Nc = 40,35 Kw in.
d. So Snh Cc H Thng Lm Mt V iu Ha:
phn loi Trao i iu ha h thng qut Qut gn trn

nhit bng khng kh ly tm
bay hi
Loi
My Kh nng 16000m3/h, 40000000 4000m3/h, 1400mm,
cung ng 120Pa BTU/h 350Pa 2m3/h
Kw 1.1 54 7.5 0.75
Din tch(m2) 1000 1000 1000 1000
cao chun 4 4 4 4
Kh (m)
Nng
Thay i 30 Recirculating 30 Recirculating
khng kh trn
gi
S my lp t 8 2 3 40
Electrical
Energy Tng cng 8.8 Kw 108 Kw 22.5 Kw 30 Kw
sut lp t

H THNG C IN TA NH
Kw
n v 27456 Kwh 336960 Kwh 70200 Kwh 9360 Kwh

in nng tiu
th/nm,10gi/
ngy,
26ngy/thng
So snh chi 8% 100% 21% 2.7%

ph tham kho
vi my iu
ha khng kh
Hiu sut lm lnh Trao i iu ha h thng qut Qut gn trn

nhit bng khng kh ly tm
bay hi
Mang i Lun chuyn Ch di Ch di

hi nng, kh chuyn kh chuyn kh
khng lnh nhng xung xung quanh
kh tnh v lm cho quanh nhng nhng khng
thay vo khng kh b khng lm lm gim
l lm ngp ngt, gim nhit nhit
khng kh trong trng khng kh. khng kh.
thng hp sinh
thong trong nhit ti ni
sch. lm vic
th iu ha
khng
kh khng hiu
qu.
e. Download Catalogue Qut v My AIR Cooler Hng IFan, Ti Liu Lp t :
link Mediafire: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?ie7d8ma36wwz016
CHNG II : H THNG IU HA TRUNG TM

H THNG C IN TA NH
I./ H THNG IU HA TRUNG TM CHILLER:

1. Tng Quan:
Da vo mt t tm hiu v ngnh lnh. V mnh mun gip cho cc bn khng phi trong
ngnh lnh c ci nhn n gin hn v h thng iu Ha Chiller ta nh (nht l dn k thut
in, bo tr c in ta nh).
H thng iu ha trung tm Water chiller l s kt hp mt cch khoa hc c tnh ton
hot ng nhp nhng ca cc thnh phn trong h thng, m phn m nhim chnh li
l cc k s ngnh t ng c tm hiu v lnh.
Vit Nam do ti liu cn hn ch trong khi a s ci ti liu v H Chiller li bng
Ting Anh. M dn k thut phn nhiu li t c duyn vi ngoi ng, bi vy m h
thng iu khin v iu ha trung tm chiller vn t c c hi tip xc vi a s dn
ngnh k thut lnh.
Cui cng, mnh vit theo phong cch "hiu sao ni vy", nh vy s n gin d hiu
hn cho ngi c l c nh vn bn t trong sch ra.
2. M T H Thng:
H thng c bn gm 5 phn c bn:
1. Cm trung tm nc water Chiller.
2. H Thng ng ng nc lnh v bm nc lnh.

3. H Thng ti s dng Trc Tip: AHU, FCU, PAU, PHE .v.v.
4. H Thng ti s dng Gin Tip: H Thng ng ng gi thi qua phng cn iu ha, Cc
van iu chnh ng gi, ming gi: VAV, Damper.v.v.
5. H Thng Bm v tun hon nc qua Cooling Tower (nu c) i vi chiller gii nhit
nc.
3. M hnh h thng hot ng nh sau:

a. C 4 Vng Tun Hon cho h thng nh sau:
Vng tun hon mu : L vng tun hon nc nng bm vo cooling tower thy
nhit ny ra mi trng.
Vng tun hon mu xanh: L vng tun hon gas lnh trong cm water chiller.
Vng tun hon mu tm nht: L vng tun hon nc lnh c bm n AHU, FCU,
PAU, PHE .v.v.
Vng tun hon mu vng: L vng tun hon ca h thng ng gi thi vo phng
c iu ha.

H THNG C IN TA NH
b. M hnh h thng thc t nh sau:

H THNG C IN TA NH
3. Cc Thit B Trong H Thng:

a. Cm Water cooled chiller :
L trung tm ca h thng, Tiu th in nng ln nht, gi thnh cao nht so vi thit

b khc.
c sn xut hng lot cng nghip theo nhng cng sut nh sn ti cc nc c
nn cng ngh cao, t phn phi ring l ra theo cc cng trnh ta nh ln nc
ngoi.
Vic chn la v hm lng tnh ton n gin so vi cc thnh phn cn li ca h
thng. c chn theo nng sut lnh yu cu (ly n gin 15m2 bng 1 tons loi iu
ha thng). Loi my nn gas, loi Gas, Hiu sut lm vic (cp gim ti, chy bin
tn.v.v.). Hoc mt s yu cu km theo: gn bm nhit, cht ti lnh glycol .v.v.
Cc thng hiu hng u th gii: Trane, Carrier, York, Mc Quay,
Hitachi,Climaveneta, Dunham - bush.v.v.
b. H thng bm v ng ng nc lnh :

H THNG C IN TA NH
Bm Nc:
chu trch nhim bm nc lnh qua Chiller n ti s dng trc tip (Nc lnh sinh
hot trao i qua tm PHE, AHU, FCU, PAU.v.v.). Hiu sut cao hn nu mi chiller
c ring mt bm cho mnh, bm l loi bm dng cho nh cao tng c n nh, ct
p khng cao lm (v cn bng tun hon kn gia ct p i v ct p v).
Lu lng nc t bm qua chiller lun phi c gi n nh, khng tng hay gim
cng sut lu lng bm bng bin tn nu khng c s kt hp c khoa hc ca h
thng.
Chn cng sut bm: da vo ct p nc v lu lng nc (lu lng c sn theo
thng s Chiller chn). Vic Tnh Ton ct p Bm nc c phn phc tp do cc
thng s ton nhiu (lu lng nc, di ng ng, cao, st p qua co, ct, T,
AHU, FCU, PAU .v.v.). Mt d c tnh ton bng tay lm thuyt minh d thu,
nhng a s vn da vo phn mm phn tch tnh ton a ra kt qu tt nht.
ng ng:
Thng l ng thp en c bc cch nhit vi ng nc lnh. ng thp en hay
ng ng vi ng ng nc nng dn ra cooling tower. Hin nay ngi ta bt u
thit k sang ng nha PPR cho h thng chiller, mt s cng trnh dng ng loi ny
hin ang s dng rt tt.
Vic la chn kch thc ng ng da vo lu lng m n chuyn ch: ng ng
nh qu dn n tn tht p sut nc ln ng thi ng ng phi chu p sut cao
hn khi lm vic. ng ng qu ln dn n tng gi thnh do thi cng v gi ng
ng.
Ty theo lu lng m ta chn kch thc ng ng, tra theo catalog nh sn xut.

H THNG C IN TA NH
c. H Thng AHU (Air handling unit), FCU (Fan Coil Unit), PAU (Primary Air Unit) hay
MAU (Make Up Air):
AHU, FCU, PAU bn cht ging nhau nhng khc mc ch s dng.
-- AHU: l b x l nhit m h thng ng gi trung tm v chia ra lm nhiu ng gi ph i
vo khng gian iu ha. Nh vy mt AHU c th c nhiu lp lc bi, nhiu dn coil ng
ng (nc nng hoc lnh) theo iu kin x l yu cu v dng cho mt khng gian ln.
-- FCU: th dng cho nhiu phng nh hay khu vc nh ni m h thng ng gi ca AHU

khng th ti c, hay vi yu cu mt vi phng nm trong khu vc vi yu cu nhit v
m khc vi AHU ang lp s dng. FCU khng x l nhit m tt bng AHU (do kch
thc sn xut hn ch). Nn vi yu cu i hi cao ta bt but s dng thm b x l PAU
(lc, lm lnh,gia nhit, tch m hay to m) c lp bn ngoi v ni ng gi cho nhiu FCU
bn trong.
-- PAU: Lun cp gi kh hn khng kh trong khng gian iu ha. Kh y ni n

cha hi ( hay kh), khng phi m tng i ( v gi sao khi ra coil FCU th c m
tng i cao 85~95%).Lun cp gi nhit cng thp ( >9 nu dng VAV, > 11 nu dng
CAV) khi c th, khi ny s gim c size ca FCU hay Indoor Unit.
** M Hnh AHU: Ty theo nh sn xut m AHU c cu trc khc nhau
L thit b trao i nhit trung gian gia nc lnh hoc nc nng vi khng kh cn
c iu ha.
y l thit b c yu cu hm lng tnh ton v t ch ring bit nh: sn xut theo
t hng cc thng s: lu lng gi, nhit , m trc v sau yu cu ca phng
iu ha.
H thng t iu khin, kt ni c lm ring ti cc cng ty gia cng c in lnh.
Hay ni cch khc l s kt hp ca 2 hay mt cng ty chuyn v sn xut gia cng
AHU v chuyn v thit k, thi cng iu khin lnh ta nh.

H THNG C IN TA NH
gim li mt s quy trnh tnh ton v h thng iu khin, nh cung cp AHU

cho ra mt s phn mm tnh chn ring cho hng ca h. Bi vy khi c cc
thng s yu cu, ta ch cn m phn mm tra v chn loi AHU ph hp nht cho
h thng. H cung cp lun gii php iu khin v kt ni, nhn tn hiu t my tnh
trung tm (BMS ca ta nh).
** ng ng Nc Lnh Vo AHU: Do khng phi lc no cc coil AHU cng hot ng
y ti m do qu trnh thit k lun d tr cng sut lnh vi mc cao nht. iu ny dn ti
cc ti lun hot ng ch non ti, v cc phng php tng hiu qu khi chy ch
non ti ra i ang dn c ci tin. Cc gii php theo bc herot trn HVAC nh sau:
Van 2 Ng (two way valve control).
Van 3 Ng (three way valve control).
Face and bypass damper control.
Primary-Secondary (H thng 2 vng nc ).
Variable Primary Flow (VPF)( H thng lu lng thay i vi on ng by pass).
* Van 3 Ng (three way valve control): Lu lng nc lin tc. Tn hao p lc nc qua h
thng ln, dn n hao in my bm nc. Vic ha trn nc hi v nc lnh cp khng tt
nh mong mun.
* Van 2 Ng v bypass (two way valve control and bybass): Thay i lu lng nc cp,
p lc c gii phng qua van bypass do sp p t trn bm cng nh i v tit kim in
my bm.

H THNG C IN TA NH
* Face and bypass damper control (B mt ca gi dng Bypass):
- Nh qua h thng ca gi iu chnh c, gip cho mt lng gi thi qua bypass damper
khi chy non ti.
- Va tit kim c ng bybass, m st p nc t nn tit kim in cho my bm, nhng

gi thnh v iu khin loi ny c hn 2 loi trn.
* Primary-Secondary (H thng 2 vng nc):

- Nh cc bn thy th h ny c chia thnh 2 vng nc, vng s cp - Primary ch dng
cung cp nc i qua cm Chiller nn thng ch cn nhng bm vi ct p nh. Cm S cp
ny bt buc phi l Bm vi tc c nh v khi ny cng ngh sn xut Chiller cha cho

H THNG C IN TA NH
php lu lng nc qua Chiller thay i c, lu lng ny bt buc phi l Hng s, nu

lu lng thay i th h thng lp tc ngt Chiller v Bo li H thng.
- Vng nc Th cp-Secondary vi mc ch l phn phi nc lnh vo cng trnh, n ti
tiu th... th s dng cc Bm Bin Tn c kh nng thay i gim v cp c vn tc
Bm==> chnh l gim in nng Tiu th.
- Khi ny h thng phi c ng Bypass duy tr lu lng nc qua Chiller l c nh,
lu l ng Bypass ny khng c van no chn c (may ra c th gn c Van 1 chiu
chn nc t u ht ca bm Pri dn qua u ht ca Bm Secondary).
- h thng ny c kh nng tit kim nng lng cho h thng Bm tun hon khi dng
Bin tn y, nhng chng ta phi thm c mt h thng bm khc, km theo l tiu tn
bit bao nhiu chi ph ph kin km theo n.
* Variable Primary Flow VPF ( H thng lu lng thay i vi on ng by pass):

H THNG C IN TA NH
- Khi ny ch cn mt h Bm duy nht i qua Evaporator ca Chiller vi cc Bm dng Bin

tn iu khin.
- Khi gim ti th Chiller cng Bm nc u c kh nng gim ti, khi ny phi dng mt
ng ng Bypass vi van iu chnh trn (nhn s qua th c tng ging ht nh H
thng th 2 ni trn nhng thc tnh th nguyn l khc hon ton). Van Bypass ny vi
mc ch duy tr lng nc qua Chller khng c thp hn mt gi tr Minimum m
Chiller c.
- Khi ny cc dn Coil cng phi s dng h thng Van 2 ng c th dng cm bin Delta P
(cm bin hiu p sut) iu khin cc Bm.
- Vic tnh ton ng ng Bypass ny phi p ng c lu lng nh nht ca Chiller ln
nht trong h thng, thng thng khi chn la mt Chiller th nh sn xut s phi cung cp
cho bn gi tr Minimum ny.
- Theo nghin cu ca t chc ASHRAE th h thng VPF ny c kh nng:

1. Gim nng lng tiu tn trn ton h thng n 3% mi nm
2. Gim chi ph u t khoang 4-8% do gim c s lng bm so vi h s 3, v tit kim

khng gian, Co, Tee, Fitting km theo n.
3. Gim chi ph vng i, bo tr khong 3-5%

4. Gim nng lng cho h Bm nc lnh t 25-50%
5. Gim nng lng Chiller n 13%

- Nhng thng s trn y u c c s chng minh vi nhng tnh nng ca h thng VPF
s tm lc sau y: c kh nng ko dn di cng sut Chiller p phi hot ng ch y
ti vi hiu sut cao nht, gim s ln ng m h Chiller lm tng tui th, tng tin cy...
d. H Thng ng Gi:
Ha trn gi ti v gi hi, lng gi ha trn ny s c a vo AHU hay FCU
x l theo yu cu v nhit , m ca khng gian iu ha.
C nhiu phng php tnh ton ng gi. Nhng phng php s dng ph bin l
phng php ma st ng iu.
Tnh ton khng qu my phc tp do d dng trong la chn s lng ming gi v
kch thc tng on nhnh. thng s ch yu l lu lng gi v n yu cu iu
d dng tra ra c. M iu kh khn nht l th hin trn bn v 2D hoc 3D ra
thng s chnh xc nht cho nh u t.
Ngoi ra cn c h thng ng gi khc nh ng gi hi, ng gi thi, ng gi tng p
cu thang .v.v.
e. H thng kt ni iu khin Chiller: Ti liu iu khin AHU.

Tng phn thit b: Chiller, AHU, FCU, PAU, Van 2 3 Ng.v.v. iu hot ng c
lp bi b iu khin DDC. V DDC c th nhn tn hiu t cm bin (cm bin nhit

H THNG C IN TA NH
, m, lu lng gi v nc, nng CO2.v.v.), c lp trnh iu khin sn

bng my tnh v c tch hp cng truyn thng.
DDC c kt ni vi h thng my tnh ch qua cc chun giao tip (cng giao tip
truyn thng RS232, RS485.v.v.) kt ni c vi nhau.
Qua my tnh ch c th nhn bit cc h thng no ang hot ng v tnh trng
hot ng. Do my tnh c thm chc nng phn quyn iu khin m my tnh ch c
th tc ng can thip vo d liu c lp trnh sn trn DDC iu khin thit b
theo nhu cu ca ngi qun l ca my tnh ch.
Vic lp trnh, iu khin v m bo cc thit b c th giao tip c vi nhau (bi
tnh hiu s i hi cc thit b phi c chung mt chun giao tip nh giao tip nh
HTML, Lon Works, BAC Net, OPC, AdvanceDDE, modbus, ODBC.v.v) kt ni vi
my tnh vi phn mm BMS vit ring cho cng trnh ta nh. a s l do mt cng ty
iu khin v s dng mt dng hng iu khin chuyn dng ring ca hng (VD:
thit b delta.v.v.).
II./ H THNG IU HA VRV, VRF TA NH:

H THNG C IN TA NH
1. H Thng iu Ha Trung Tm VRV:

a. Gii Thiu:
- Do cc h thng ng gi CAV (Contant air volume), VAV (Variable air volume) ca h
Water Chiller s dng ng gi iu chnh nhit , m trong phng qu cng knh, tn
nhiu khng gian, din tch lp t. Nn hng Daikin ca Nht a ra gii php VRV (Variable
Refrigerant Volume) l iu chnh nng sut lnh qua vic iu chnh lu lng mi cht lnh.
- Thc cht l pht trin my iu ha tch v mt nng sut lnh cng nh s dn lnh trc
tip t trong cc phng, tng chiu cao lp t v chiu di ng ng gia cm dn nng v
dn lnh c th ng dng cho cc ta nh cao tng kiu vn phng v khch sn.
b. c im VRV Daikin:
- My iu ha VRV ch yu dng cho iu ha tin nghi v c c im sau:
+ T ngng c 2 my nn, trong mt my nn iu chnh nng sut lnh theo kiu on-off,
cn mt my iu chnh bc theo my bin tn.
+ Cc my VRV c cc dy cng sut hp l lp ghp vi nhau thnh cc mng p ng nhu
cu nng sut lnh khc nhau t 7kw n hng trm kw cho cc ta nh .
+ VRV gii quyt tt vn hi du v my nn do cm dn nng c th t cao hn dn
lnh n 50m v cc dn lnh c th cch nhau cao ti 15m. ng ng dn mi cht lnh t
cm dn nng n cm dn lnh xa nht ti 100m to iu kin cho vic b tr my d dng
trong cc nh cao tng m trc y ch c h thng trung tm nc m nhim.
+ Do ng ng dn gas di, nng sut lnh gim nn hng DaiKin dng my bin tn
iu chnh nng sut lnh, lm cho h thng lnh c ci thin m cn vt nhiu h thng
my thng dng .
+ Kh nng sa cha bo dng rt nng ng v nhanh chng nh cc thit b t pht hin
h hng chuyn dng cng nh s kt ni pht hin h hng ti trung tm qua mng
internet.
+ H VRV c 9 kiu dn lnh khc nhau vi ti a 6 cp nng sut lnh rt a dng v

phong ph, p ng thm m a dng ca khch hng .
+ C th kt hp lm lnh v si m phng trong cng mt h thng kiu bm nhit hoc

thu hi nhit hiu sut cao.

H THNG C IN TA NH
2. Gii thiu h iu Ha VRV II Daikin:

+ S nguyn l h thng VRV II
ch lm lnh. Dng mi cht i vo dn nng OUTDOOR UNIT pha ngoi nh

v trao i nhit vi mi trng lm mt la khng kh t nhin.
Sau chng c n vo dn lnh INDOOR UNIT thng qua ng ng ng v
cc b chia gas, ti INDOOR UNIT nh cc cm bin nhit trong phng s iu
khin van tit lu in t cp mi cht vo dn lnh trao i nhit trong nh.

H THNG C IN TA NH
Thng qua qut gi v cc tm hng dng khng kh lnh c phn b u khp ti

khng gian trong phng, khng kh trong phng lun c lm ti nh vic cung cp
gi ti ngoi.
3. Cc Thnh Phn Ca H Thng VRV:

a. Cm Dn nng:
- Bn trong dn nng bao gm my nn xon c, dn ngng gii nhit gi, van tit lu, h
thng bo mch in v cc thit b ph khc u nm trong dn nng.
- Dn nng gm 2 hoc 3 my nn, trong c 1 my nn c iu khin bin tn (inverter),
tn hiu t cc cm bin thng qua bo mch iu khin b bin tn lm thay i lu lng mi
cht tun hon trong h thng, ph hp vi nng sut lnh ca phng.
- Ngy nay nh cng ngh hin i ngi ta ch to ra c nhng b bin tn c di tn

hot ng t 30 ti 230 Hz . nh nng sut lnh ca h thng c iu chnh rt chnh xc
thng qua 13 hoc 21 bc, ngoi ra ta c th iu khin ring bit hoc tuyn tnh tng dn.
b. B Chia Gas Refnet:

REFNET(b chia gas)c tc dng a gas t trc chnh vo dn lnh n c tc dng to
cho gas vo cc dn lnh u nhau t dn lnh u tin n dn lnh cui cng ca h
thng iu ha.

H THNG C IN TA NH
Ta tnh chn b chia gas REFNET Joints theo catolog k thut ca hng Daikin, khi
tin hnh tnh chn b chia gas ta phi tnh chn cc b chia gas cho ng ng r
nhnh u tin v cc b chia gas cho cc ng ng trong on ng nhnh. C s
chn b chia gas da vo nng sut ca dn nng v nng sut ca dn lnh
REFNET c 2 loi Refnet joint v Refnet header.

+ REFNET joint c th lp c v tr nm ngang hoc thng ng.
Trong h thng nm ngang Refnet joint c th cho php t nm nghing trong khong 30
ln v xung
Trong h thng thng ng Refnet joint khng nn khng nn dt nghing m t thng ng
+ Refnet header ch c lp nm ngang:
c. Chn kch c ng ng:

Khi thit k ng dn mi cht cn phi lu tha mn cc yu cu sau:
ng dn c kh nng vn chuyn mi cht i n cc thit b trong h thng vi mc
tn tht p sut hp l.
H THNG C IN TA NH
Phi lm sao cho lng du b cun theo mi cht lnh c kh nng quay tr v my
nn.
Nn lp t v nh hng ng ng dn sao cho c th trnh c kh nng tch t
lng hoc du trn ng ng.
Cn bo m sao cho tc chuyn ng ca mi cht trong ng ng khng nh hn
2,54m/s i vi ng nm ngang,khng nh hn 5,08m/s i vi ng thng ng hng
ln.
+ Kch c ng ng kt ni vi dn nng:
Dn ngng ng ng gas ng ng lng
RX12MY1 RX22MY1 f34,9 f19,1
RX24MY1 f41,3 f19,1
RX26MY1 RX48MY1 f54,1 f22,2
+ Kch c ng ng kt ni gia b chia gas v dn lnh:
+ Kch c ng ng gia cc b chia gas:
d. Chn ng nc ngng:
- Khc vi cc FCU ca h Chiller l nc ngng thot do chnh lch p sut thy tnh,
cn dn lnh ca h thng VRV c bm ht v y nc ngng vo ng ng chnh. Nn
hn ch c s tc nghn ng ng nc ngng. Tuy nhin ta cn phi la chn ng ng
sao cho ph hp.

H THNG C IN TA NH
- Chn ng knh ng theo lng nc ngng t ca tng dn lnh i vi trng hp dng

cho ng nc x khng tp trung, nu dng ng nc x tp trung chn ng knh theo lng
nc ngng t ca tt c cc dn lnh vo ng nc x tp trung .
- Mi dn lnh c cng sut 1HP s ngng t lng nc 2(lit/h).
+ Chn ng ng x:
- Theo phng nm ngang: Sau khi tng hp li s dn lnh s dng ng ng nm ngang
ngi ta tin hnh tng hp cng sut my v tin hnh tnh kch thc ng ng cho
h thng. Ta c
- Theo phng thng ng:
e. Dn Lnh:
C rt nhiu loi dn lnh, v d nh dn lnh m trn vi k hiu l FXS ,FXYD vi
nhng nng sut lnh khc nhau:
Vic lp t dn lnh cng c nhng i hi rt cao, ngi k thut phi c tay ngh
cao v nhiu kinh nghim thc t.

H THNG C IN TA NH
Cc dn lnh c treo trn cc ty treo gn trn, c kim tra cn bng bng thc
cn thy.
Sau khi treo cc dn lnh ng v tr nh bn thit k th tin hnh i ng ng gas,
ng nc x, dy ng lc, dy iu khin... m bo ng k thut, tit kim vt t, d
thao tc sa cha.
f. B phn iu khin:
1: Nt tt/m: Nhn nt m my. Nhn tip ln na tt my.
2: n hot ng ( mu ), n sng khi my vn hnh ( nhp nhy khi my c s c)

3: Hin thi ch iu khin.
4: Hin th vn hnh o gi (Ch c model FXFQ,FXAQ).

5: Hin thi thng gi: Khi kt hp iu khin chung vi thng gi thu hi nhit HRV.
6: Hin th nhit ci t.
7: Hin th ch vn hnh my: Ch hin th ch ang vn hnh.
8: Hin th ch hen gi. Hin th thi gian hn gi tt/m my.
9: Hin th ch kim tra test. Hin th ch kim tra hoc my c s c.

10: Hin th khi c iu khin trung tm.
11: Hin th tc qut ( C hai ch cao/thp).

12: Hin th bo hiu cn v sinh b lc gi ( my m thi gian).
13: Hin th ch chy hin ti.

14:/ Nt hn gi m/tt my.
15:/ Nt chp nhn/t chi hn gi.

16:/ Nt kim tra my. Ch s dng khi kim tra my (ch c ngi vn hnh kim tra s dng
).
17:/ Nt ci t thi gian m/tt my.

H THNG C IN TA NH
18:/ Nt ci t nhit .
19:/ Nt xa hin th phin lc (sau khi bo tr hoc ra b lc) .
20:/Nt iu chnh tc qut.

21:/ Nt iu chnh ch chy my .
22:/ Nt iu chnh o gi ( Khng c BRC1A62).

Ghi ch : Khi my bo s c ( n nhp nhy ) gc di mn hnh bn tri s hin th m
li ( v d U1,A3,...).Ta tra m li ny trong bng m li m cng ty lp t cung cp.
g. Thu Hi Nhit HRV:
Do lng gi ti cp vo khng gian iu ha l ly trc tip t mi trng bn

ngoi.
Khng kh ti c nhit cao (ph thuc mi trng bn ngoi) nn lm tiu tn 1
phn nng sut lnh, lm tiu tn in nng.
khc pht th cn kt hp vi b thng gi ti thu hi nhit HRV x l lng kh
ti cp vo.
+ Cu to HRV:

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Nguyn L Lm Vic:
4. Gii Thiu H Thng iu Ha Khc:

Hng Dn Lp t, Sa cha H iu Ha VRF- Hng Midea - China: link Download
CHNG III : H THNG THNG GI

I./ H THNG QUT THNG GI - QUT CP GI TI, GI THI:
1. Gii thiu h thng thng gi:
iu Ha V Thng Gi Download Gio Trnh, Hoc ti liu Qut Cao p, ti thng gi
xng may mc Download ti liu.
a. Gii Thiu:
- T xa con ngi bit t bo v c th, trnh li nh nng gt t mt tri, thi tit ma
bo, l s ra i ca kt cu bao che, dn dn hnh thnh mt ngi nh. Cc kt cu bao che

H THNG C IN TA NH
nh: tng, nn, sn, mi.v.v. V th m mi trng bn trong c s cch bit tng i vi
bn ngoi.
- Tuy nhin, mi trng bn trong vn chu s nh hng rt ln ca cc yu t bn ngoi

nh: nhit , m, tc lu chuyn khng kh.
- ng thi, cc nhn t bn trong nh cng gy nh hng n khng kh nh: con ngi, cc
thit b dng insn sinh ra nhit lng, lm nhit trong phng tng ln, hoc thi ra cc
cht kh c hi.
- Bi vy, vic trang b h thng thng gi v iu ha khng kh l mt nhu cu rt cn thit,
c bit l vi nhng cng trnh ln, nhiu ngi lm vic trong . To c mi trng
khng kh bn trong nh thch hp vi i sng v iu kin lm vic tt hn cho con ngi.
- Gi: l s di chuyn khng kh t vng cao p n vng thp p, l yu t c bn t chc

thng thong. 3 c trng c bn ca gi: hng gi, vn tc gi, tn sut gi theo cc hng.
b. Tc ng ca gi vi lnh th nc ta: cc hng gi tc ng n Vit Nam.

+ V ma ng: VN b chi phi bi 2 h thng ring r :
- Gi ma cc i lc a t cao p Xibia mang vo ci lnh c bit. Khng kh nhit i
bin ng Trung Hoa m v m, mang li thi tit nng nng, t my, tnh ro. c bit cui
ma ng c thi tit nm c sc.
+ V ma h: trn lnh th Vit Nam chu nh hng ca 3 khi gi chnh :
1. Khng kh nhit i bin Bc n Dng tuy c ngun gc mt m nhng do hiu

ng Fochn nn khi vt qua dy Trng Sn to thnh gi Lo kh nng.
2. Gi ma pha Nam mt v m, mang theo ma ma h.
3. Khng kh nhit i bin Thi Bnh Dng em li thi tit quang tnh, trong sng, n
nh.
- H qu :
Nh min Bc khng chn mt hng bc tr ca s, nhm trnh gi lnh vo ma
ng.
Cc tnh t Ng An n Tha Thin Hu mc d chu s nh hng ca gi Lo
nhng vn nn ch ng a gi vo nh.
Nh xy min Nam nn t ca s hng nam .
2. H THNG THNG GI:

Gm h thng thng gi t nhin v thng gi cng bc.
a. Thng gi t nhin:
- y l trng hp u tin phi xt n khi xy dng cng trnh, khi khng t c yu cu
ta phi s dng h thng thng gi cng bc.
- Thng gi t nhin l s dng cc gii php kin trc v kt cu, tn dng c cc iu kin
t nhin tit kim nng lng, gi nhit n nh v to thong mt (ging thut phong
thy).
H THNG C IN TA NH
- Ngi ta thc hin thng gi t nhin bng cc cch sau: to cc hnh lang thng gi ra bn
ngoi nh, cc lung gi mt cch hp l, gi nng bc ln cao, gi lnh chm xung thu nhit,
ri li bc ln.
- Cc phng php thng gi: Bng Trang Thit B Vt Liu ngi nh (Thng gi bng ca
s, bng gi), Bng Gii Php Kin Trc (T chc ging tri, To trc thng gi cho
nh, Tng lng m ca trn cc mt ng, T chc sn trong v li i bn).
* Thng gi bng ca s: Thng xuyn m ca hng gi ti thi vo nh.
- V tr lp t: Chiu cao b ca: 150-200 cm, Mp trn ca s cch trn < 30 cm.
+ Phn loi:
- Theo s lp ca: nc ta thuc vng kh hu nhit i nng c gi ma c th dng ca c 2
lp gm ca knh bn trong ly nh sng v ca chp bn ngoi thng hi, che nng.
- Theo hnh thc ng m ca :ng m quay ng, ng m quay ngang, ng m y.
- Theo vt liu :Ca s khung st, nhm knh, Ca s khung g.
+ Ngoi ra cn c Thng Gi bng Bng Gi: ngoi mc ch chnh l thng gi, cn dng
trang tr.
V tr lp t: Trn b mt tng, ban cng, hng ro.
* T chc ging tri:

- Ging tri ng vai tr quan trng trong vic t chc thng gi theo phng ngang - ng
kt hp. V n l b phn gip ngi nh m rng din tch tip xc vi khng kh ngoi nh,
li dng c c p lc gi v p lc nhit thng gi t nhin cho nh.

H THNG C IN TA NH
* To trc thng gi cho nh:

- To trc thng gi chy sut nh nhm mc ch gi vn tc gi v din tch c thng gi
tng i n nh trong ton b ngi nh .
- To trc thng gi cho nh bng cc ca i din hoc vung gc.
* Tng lng m ca trn cc mt ng:

- Lng m ca trn cc mt ng c nh hng rt ln ti kh nng thng gi t nhin ca
nh. V vy, cn tng ti mc ti a lng m ca trn c b mt n gi v b mt thot gi.
* T chc sn trong v li i bn:

- Vic t chc sn trong to iu kin hnh thnh mt b mt thong gi cho ngi nh v vic
m ca trn b mt ny cho php to ra trc thng gi cho nh.
b. Thng Gi Cng Bc:

* Thuyt Minh:
Khi s dng mi bin php thng gi t nhin m vn khng t yu cu gii hn
tin nghi, ta phi dng thng gi cng bc.
H THNG C IN TA NH
Thng gi cng bc l s dng cc thit b iu chuyn khng kh. mc n

gin l s dng cc qut gi ni b ph tr thng gi t nhin, to ra dng i lu
cng bc trong phng.
ng dng thng gi trong nh, ta nh, nh xng cng nghip. Vi cc thng hiu
mnh trn th trng nh Senko, thng nht, asia, lifan, Tifa, Tiger, Arika, Legand, in
c ng Nai, Phng Linh, in c Chu Ph, Kiu An.
* Phng Php: C 3 phng php thng gi lm mt : dng qut ht gi, qut y gi, Kt
hp qut ht v y gi. Gm cc loi qut hng trc v qut ly tm.
1.Theo qut y gi: thng lm mt cc b tng v tr nh trong ngi nh.
1.1.Qut bn ng, qut bn treo tng:
- c s dng nhiu nht v a dng, gi r, t tn in, thch hp cho din tch nh.
- To ra s lu thng gi cc b, nhng nhit trong phng vn khng gim. Nhng nh vn
tc gi thi trc tip vo ngi, lm ngi c cm gic mt hn.
1.2.Qut ng cng nghip, qut treo cng nghip:
- c tnh qut ng c chn trn c btng ct st nn c th ng vng chc khi
vn hnh, c b phn tuc nng quay nn ta mt u, lu lng gi ln, t hiu qu tt khi
thi mt cc b.
- Lu lng gi t: 8.000 80.000 m3/gi.
- Cng dng: s dng ni c nhit cao, thng thong gi cho cng nhn hoc my mc khi
lm vic, nhit gim khng nhiu
1.3.Qut trn:
- Dng cho nhng phng rng, lng gi tun hon iu n cc v tr trong phng.

H THNG C IN TA NH
- u th l khng tn din tch, lng nhiu hn qut bn. Nhit trong phng vn khng
gim nhiu.
1.4.Qut phun sng:

- Nguyn l: nc sch c nn vi p sut cao bng my bm 1->1,5 Hp to ra p lc nc
t 10 ->15 Kg/cm2, qua nhng vi c thit k c bit, chuyn ha thnh dng sng phn
t siu mng, vi kch thc ht sng nh bng 1/10 ng knh si tc, khuch tn vo
khng kh nng xung quanh bng qut gi, khin sng bc hi nhanh ngay lp tc.
- Khi bc hi nhanh sng hp th nhit do lm gim nhit mi trng xung quanh vi
mc chnh lch n 7 0C. H thng phun sng va gip lm mt va lm bi l lng trong
khng kh ri xung t nhanh hn, nn khng kh c sch hn.
- ng dng ti cc qun cafe, nh hng, khu ngh mt, trong nh my , trong cc tri chn
nui, nh knh trng trt, sn vn ng, cc cu lc b th thao.v.v.
- Tc hi:
Do ht sng phun rt nh nn tan nhanh trong khng kh ta khng ht vo s khng
nh hng n sc kho. Hin mi trng ca chng ta ang nhim, trong khng kh
c nhiu bi v bo t nm.
Nu bnh nn kh v bnh cha nc khng c v sinh thng xuyn th s c vi
khun pht trin trong sau pht tn trong khng kh gy bnh v h hp cho
nhng ngi nhy cm.

H THNG C IN TA NH
Lm dng qut phun sng nhng ni khng thong s lm khng kh b m ko di,

l mi trng thun li cho vi khun v vi nm pht trin lm ly lan cc bnh v h
hp cho tr em, cho nhng ngi c vn v h thng min dch, nhng ngi b d
ng
1.5.Qut Hi Nc: ng dng khu vc phng kn hn, t gi ngoi hn so vi qut phun

sng.
- Nguyn l: lm mt khng kh thng qua vic hp thu nhit bay hi ca nc, trao i hiu
qu hn vi nc ti ln mn giy cooling pad. Bay hi lm mt hot ng bng cch s
dng entanpy ln ca nc bay hi. Tc bay hi ph thuc vo nhit v m ca
khng kh, khng kh cng kh nng th bay hi lm mt bng nc cng c hiu qu.

H THNG C IN TA NH
- Phn Loi:
-Trong Dn Dng: Vi cn phng din tch nh vi chc mt vung. Qut ng thnh dng t
nh, c bnh xe di chuyn c, bn trong c bm nc, ht nc ti ln mn giy, sau
qut ht qua mn nc ny thi vo khng gian ngi nh. Mi 4 n 6 gi th chm nc vo
my 1 ln. xem thm ti y.
-Trong Nh Xng: vi din tch t vi trm n hng ngn mt vung, c 2 phng php
thit k chnh, xem thm ti My Lm Mt Hi Nc Evaporative Air Cooler.
* Qut Ht Gi Cng Nghip: gio trnh 1, gio trnh 2 Thy Nguyn Hng Tm - H Nng
Lm.
- ng dng trong mi trng cng nghip, vi tc dng chnh l ht gi thi ra khi nh my,
ht khi, ht bi, cht l lng t qu trnh sn xut gy hi sc khe con ngi, hoc to p lc
cho ni hi.v.v.
Phn loi: Gm 2 loi theo cu to l qut hng trc v qut ly tm.
++So snh gia 2 loi:

+ Qut hng trc dng ht khng kh hoc khi, trong khi qut ly tm cn ht c bi
do nguyn nhn sau y:
- Qut hng trc ch c cnh qut t v ct khng kh trc tip nn mi trng khng kh
c cht cn bn gy hin tng nhanh n mn cnh qut do ma st vi bi v khng kh. Motor
t pha ngoi truyn ng bng dy cua roa, th gia phn tip xc gia dy cua roa vi Puli
m c bi vi kch thc ln s hng dy cua roa. Vi motor t trn trc pha trong th bi
bm vo cun dy ng hoc bc n cng lm cho motor nhanh b nng v chy khng
bn lm gim hiu sut ti.
- Ngc li qut ly tm vi s lng cnh ct khng kh ln, motor truyn ng trc tip v
motor truyn ng gin tip vi dy cua roa t hon ton bn ngoi, khng nm trn ng i
ca lung gi ht, nn motor trnh c bi trc tip t lung gi. Do n chu c khng
kh c cn bn mc nht nh. ng nhin qut ly tm c gi cao hn nhiu so vi qut
hng trc.

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Qut ly tm do c cu trc cu to c bit l c tnh nn tt hn so vi qut hng trc,

nn ta c th dng qut ly tm to p n hn 100.000 Pa (c dng trong ni hi ct p
500 ->100.000 Pa), trong khi qut hng trc ch hn 1000 Pa.
+ Vi 2 i lng chnh m ta quan tm l lu lng gi (m3/h) v ct p Pa. Lu lng gi
theo nhu cu th tch s dng. ct p cho ta bit tn tht p lc ng ng gi b vo, n
cn gip ta chn dy ng gi.
+ Ct p thp dng thng gi thng l qut hng trc (ct p 50 ->500 Pa), hoc ht
khi trong phng chy cha chy (ct p 100 -> 1000 Pa). Qut hng trc th hiu sut cao v
r hn qut ly tm, nn c dng ph bin. Vi ct p ln hn 500 Pa, hoc nhiu bi ta mi
ngh n qut ly tm.
+ Qut ly tm c t tnh p lc gi iu, li to p lc ln c th theo ng gi truyn i xa,

trong khi qut hng trc th khng th theo ng gi truyn i xa c (di 500 Pa). Nn qut
ly tm c dng trong h thng thng gi iu ha khng kh dng ng thng cch m kt
hp vi coil ng ng AHU hoc FCU, ri theo ng gi truyn i cc phng cn iu ha.
2.1 Qut Hng Trc: xem thm ti tnh ton thng gi Qut Hng Trc.
- Vi c tnh ca Qut Hng Trc (Truyn ai gin tip hoc trc tip) l t lng ln, ct
p thp, rt ph hp cho ht hoc thi khng kh trong ng ng vi khong cch ngn.
- Lp t cho h thng iu khng trong nh my dt, trong thit b ht lc bi sn cho ngnh
ch bin g.
- H thng thng gi trong tng hm ca cc cao c, h thng to khng kh dng trong cc
bung cu thang ca cc cao c trong trng hp cu ha.
+ 2.1.1 Qut Ht Gi Kiu Hng Trc Dng ng:
- Thng gn thm ng gi ht c nhiu v tr trong nh xng, dng thng gi nh
xng.
- Dng lm qut ht khi h thng cha chy ta nh, chi c nhit ln khong 280 oC
trong 30 pht, vi ct p cao v lu lng gi ln. Thng c 2 cp tc (motor 2 cc 2900
v/p v 4 cc 1450 v/p), bnh thng n l h thng thng gi chy vi tc thp 1450 v/p.
Khi c s c ha hon th ta iu khin n tng tc ln ht khi ra khi xng.
-- Cu to gm gung v v
- Gung: c cnh t nghing, cong v pha trc hoc cnh thng to p lc ln y kh.
- V: dng hng lung kh theo 2 chiu: thi gi ra v ht gi vo ph thuc vo chiu
cong cnh qut. Khong h gia gung v v phi nh bng khong 1,5% chiu di cnh Qut
ht gi c 2 loi: c dy ai truyn v dng trc quay.

H THNG C IN TA NH
-- Hng trc c dy ai truyn: truyn ng lc qua dy cua roa n trc cnh qut.
c tnh: lu lng gi cao, n thp, c th tng hoc gim lu lng gi, tin bo dng
motor.
Lu lng gi t: 15.000 95.000 m3/gi.
Cng dng: thng gi cho hm m, ht v trao i to khng kh i lu trong nh
xng
Khuyt im: do dng dy cua roa nn ta phi thng xuyn cn chnh, thay th dy cua roa.
Tc motor quay s ln hn loi khng dng cua roa, nn mau h bc n hn, tuy nhin gi
thnh s r hn loi khng dng dy cua roa.
-- Hng trc dng trc quay: Khng dng dy cua roa, motor gn trc tip vo trc quay
cnh qut.
c tnh: cnh qut to bi hp kim nhm, d iu chnh lng gi.
Lng gi: 3.000 120.000 m3/gi.
Cng dng: xng dt, iu ha khng kh nh xng, a gi vo kho ln, a gi vo hm
m.
+ 2.1.2 Qut Ht Gi Kiu Hng Trc p Tng: c th kt hp my lm mt hi nc
Evaporative Air Cooler lm mt xng.
- Lp t gia thnh nh xng vi bn ngoi xng, khng gn thm ng gi.
- c tnh: lu lng gi cao, mu m p, an ton khi s dng.
- Lu lng gi t: 2.500 80.000 m3/gi.
- Cng dng:
Thch hp cho vic thng gi trong cc nh my, x nghip, cc xng dt, may rng.
Qut c ng knh cnh ln v c th ch to theo yu cu ca khch hng, lu lng
ln, n thp, t tiu hao in nng.

H THNG C IN TA NH
Qut c gn trn tng, s lng qut, cng sut c tnh ton ph hp cho tng
trng hp c th, c l sch t m khi qut chy c tc dng ngn chn cn trng,
ma tt vo.
Khi b tr nhiu qut gn lin nhau s trnh c hin tng ht gi ngc t bn ngoi
vo qua cc qut khc khng chy, lm gim kh nng thay i khng kh.
S dng qut ht cn lu ti c im kin trc chn v tr gn qut cho ph hp.
Qut dng cnh profin c th o chiu t ht sang thi v ngc li.
Tnh ton thng gi theo tiu chun 5687-2010, bng s ln thay i khng kh x th
tch cn thng gi. Nu mun lm mt cho nhn vin trong xng th ta nng s ln
thay i khng kh ln 50 ln, nu mun tng hiu qu lm mt hn na ta dng n
my lm mt hi nc evaporative air cooler, thng thy nhiu nht l trong xng
may.
- Phn loi: theo nhu cu s dng ta thy gm 5 loi ph bin. Trong qut composit cho
tui th bn hn cc loi qut cn li, loi qut chuyn ng trc tip trc quay th c hn v
bn hn loi gin tip qua dy cua roa.

H THNG C IN TA NH
(2.2) Qut Ly Tm: Lm vic theo nguyn tc ca bm ly tm.

+ Cu to:
Gung qut: to p lc v chuyn kh vo trong my.
V qut: dng tp trung v chuyn hng dng kh, vi qut nh v c th gn vi
qut; vi qut ln v phi t ln b ring ca n.
Trc my.
Gi my.
Cng phn lm 2 loi: c dy cua roa (ln hn 3 Kw) v khng dy cua roa (nh hn 3
Kw), u im v nhc im ging nh qut hng trc.
+ c tnh:
- lng gi cao, mu m p, p lc cao, d s dng, d bo dng.
- Lng gi trung bnh t: 1.200 80.000 m3/gi.
- p lc ht: 50 400 mmH2O.
- Cng dng: thng gi ht v thi khng kh nhim, c hi; ht bi trong h thng say xt,
sn xut cao su, cht ha hc, xng g
- Qut ly tm loi nh c th b tr trong nh, loi ln c th t trong hoc ngoi nh, t cc
v tr ny ni vo trong nh nh h thng ng dn kh. Vic b tr bn ngoi nh c th gim

H THNG C IN TA NH
ting n, thu nhn kh ti d dng hn. Nhng ch tnh ton khong cch lp t cn thit
tit kim cng sut tiu th in.
- Cc loi qut ly tm c cng sut >3 Kw ,ng c t ln gi truyn chuyn ng cho

qut nh ai truyn, vn tc qut thay i nh t s truyn ng ca h ai truyn v buli. Qut
ly tm thng khng lm vic c lp m phi c h thng ng dn gi.
+ Phn loi theo nhu cu s dng:

- Qut ly tm s dng cho ht bi, thng gi mi trng c bit nh ha cht my in.v.v.
- Qut ly tm theo cnh s dng: cnh cong v pha trc, cnh nghin v pha sau, cnh ta
trn.
- Qut ly tm vi yu cu lu lng v p lc: Thp p, Trung p, Cao p cho l hi.v.v.

H THNG C IN TA NH
* Lu Khi La Chn V S Dng:

1. Chn thit b c cng sut ph hp vi nhu cu s dng.
2. Chn chng loi qut, gi c.
3. Chn loi ng dn (vung, trn hoc vt liu ng tn m km, inox, nha.v.v.), tit din ng.
4. Lp t, b tr sao cho cng sut hao ht l t nht, ng ng l ngn nht.
II./ H THNG NG GI MING GI:

1. H Thng ng Gi Ta Nh:
a. Gii Thiu: Trao i thm Tnh ton Thng Gi TCVN v nc ngoi Click
Download theo email: anhquocdahan@yahoo.com.vn.
- L cng c v phng tin truyn dn khng kh qua x l cp cho cc h tiu th. ng
dn cc lung khng kh lu thng ring tng v tr trong, m khng lm nh hng n cc
lung khng kh khc.
b. Phn Loi:
Theo chc nng: ng cp kh ti, hi gi, thng, thi gi.
Theo tc gi: ng tc cao v thp.
Theo p sut d: ng p sut thp, trung bnh v cao.
Theo v tr lp t: ng gi treo, ng gi ngm.
Theo tit din ng: ng ch nht, vung, trn.
Theo vt liu: ng tn trng km, inox, nha PVC
+ Phn chia ng ng theo tc gi:
H thng iu ha dn dng H thng iu ha cng nghip

Loi ng ng gi
Cp gi Hi gi Cp gi Hi gi
Tc thp <12,7 m/s <10,2 m/s <12.7 m/s <12.7 m/s
Tc cao > 12,7 m/s - 12,7 25,4 m/s -

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Phn chia ng ng theo p sut:

p sut Thp Trung bnh cao
mmH2O 95 95 172 172 310
+ Yu cu thit k:
- Bn, r, p
- Trnh cc tn tht nhit, m trong qu trnh vn chuyn.
- m bo phn phi kh u n cc h tiu th
2. VT LIU LM NG NG DN GI:
a. G, DN:
+ u im:
- Do dai.
- Cch nhit, cch in, ngn m tt, nhit dn n b.
- Thun li cho thi cng.
- R tin v c sn a phng.
+ Nhc im:
- D b co gin.
- Mc nt.
- D bt la, d chy.
+ Hin trng: Ch dng thit k cc cng trnh thp tng.
b. TM THCH CAO:
+ u im:
- Kh nng tiu m cch nhit tt.
- gi thnh r.
- d gia cng.

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Nhc im: hn ch ln nht ca tm thch cao l khng chu c nc.

+ Hin trng: sn xut thnh cng tn thch cao chu nc chng thm ct vi thu tinh
(Tm thch cao GH).
c. NG NHM :
+ u im: gn nh.
+ Nhc im: d b n mn, mo, thng, xc lm gim tui th ng.
+ Hin trng: khng ph bin lm, ch dng thit k cc cng trnh thp tng.
d. NG INOX (THP KHNG R):
+ u im:
- Khng s b n mn, khng g st.
- Bn, hin i.
+ Nhc im:
- Gi thnh c.
- Chi ph thi cng cao hn loi khc.
5. NG TN M KM:

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ u im: ng dng vo cc cng trnh i hi tnh bn vng cao, chu c cc din bin
phc tp ca thi tit.
+ Hin trng: c s dng kh ph bin, c b dy trong khong t 0,5 1,2 mm ty thuc
kch thc ng ng.
e. NG CHT DO:
+ u im:
- mm do, bn chc, d to dng.
- tit kim vt liu, nng lng, vn chuyn.
- gi thnh h.
+ Hin trng:
- dn thay th bt : st thp, g v tin ti thay dn c hp kim cng trong tng lai khng
xa.
- kh a dng v mu m nc ta.
- PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), Polystyren, Polyurethan, Polyme, Silicon, Epoxy...
- Ngi ta cn to ra Composit v nh th kim loi tng hp, dng vt liu c bit mang
tm thi i"
- ng ng polyurethan (foam PU) : nh nhng kh ch to.
- Ngoi ra ng cn c lm t nhiu loi vt liu khc: b tng than x, gch, tm vi, snh
s, gang ...

H THNG C IN TA NH
3. Thng S K Thut ng Gi:

a. Cc loi hnh dng tit din ng:
a. Tit din ch nht.

b. Tit din vung.
c. Tit din trn.
d. Tit din van.
b. QUY NH CHIU DY NG GI BNG TN TRNG KM:
Kch thc cnh ln nht ca ng gi L (mm) dy (mm)
L < 630 0.6
630 < L < 1000 0.8
1000 < L < 1250 1
1250 < L < 2000 1.2

c. SO SNH 2 H THNG NG NG GI PH BIN:
H thng ng ng gi ngm H thng ng ng kiu treo
- i ngm di t - c treo trn cc gi t trn cao
- Vt liu: xy bng BTCT, gch - C th ch to t nhiu loi khc nhau
- ng ng thng c tit din CN - Ty thuc tnh cht cng trnh
- Chi ph ln - Chi ph thp hn nhiu
- Thng s dng lm ng ng gi hi - Thng s dng lm ng ng gi cp
- Cn phi x l chng thm ng ng gi tht tt - Khng phi x l nhiu
- Nhiu nhc im, kh thi cng - Dn gi hiu qu, thi cng nhanh chng
- N ch c s dng trong trng hp bt kh khng - Thng dng ph bin
d. Thi Cng ng Gi Treo Tn Trng Km:

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Bng Quy nh Kch Thc Gi ng Gi Ch Nht:

Kch thc ng gi cnh Kch thc ty Kch thc gi st Khong cch max ca 2
max L treo gc L gi
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
< 630 8 30 x 30 x 3 2500
630 1250 10 40 x 40 x 3 2500
1250 2000 10 50 x 50 x 4 1500
> 2000 12 50 x 50 x 5 1000
+ Ghp Ni ng ng Dn Gi:
- tin cho vic lp rp, ch to, vn chuyn, ng ng c gia cng tng on ngn theo
kch c ca cc tm tn. Vic lp rp thc hin bng bch hoc bng cc np tn. Bch c th l
nhm c, st V hoc bch tn.
+ Cch Nhit Cho ng ng Dn Gi: Download gio trnh
- Vt liu cch nhit thng l mt lp xp c nhiu bt kh bn trong. V chng ta bit rng

khng kh l mt vt liu cch nhit hiu qu, v lp xp ny cng hiu qu nu h s dn nhit
vt liu thp. ng nhin lp xp cng dy th h s dn nhit cng thp.
- Nu ta mua bn ngoi lp xp dng tm th s c bng tra theo nhit ca vt liu cn cch

nhit vi nhit , m ca mi trng bn ngoi chn dy tm xp.
- trnh tn tht nhit, ng ng gi c bc mt lp cch nhit bng bng thy tinh,

aming, stirofor hay 1 lp foam ln b mt cn cch nhit.
- Bn ngoi bc lp giy bc chng chy v phn x nhit.
- trnh chut lm hng ngi ta c th bc thm lp li st mng.
- Khi ng ng i ngoi tri ngi ta bc thm lp tn ngoi cng bo v ma nng.

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Cc qui nh v gia cng v lp t ng gi: Theo tiu chun DW142, SMACNA
4. Ming Gi:
a. Phn Loi:
+ Theo Kiu Dng: Gm nhiu loi v kiu dng, chia thnh 3 loi chnh l: Ming gi hnh
trn, hnh ch nhut, hnh vung.
- Kch thc ming gi ly theo kch thc ng thng ra ming gi t ti ch gi thi ra hay
ht vo.
- Lu : Khng to tit din thay i t ngt trnh gy n.
+ Theo chc nng: ming gi gm c:
Ming ht gi ra khi phng.
Ming thi gi vo phng.
Ming thu gi ngoi tri.
Ming thi gi ngoi tri.

H THNG C IN TA NH
- Ming thi gi vo phng: Ming thi gi lnh t bn ngoi hoc t ng ng dn gi

lnh thi vo phng, thng b tr trn tng hoc trn trn nh. Ming thi gi vo phng
phi b tr thp hn ming ht gi nng ra khi phng.
- Ming ht gi ra khi phng: Thng b tr vng trn ca cn phng, ni tch t nhiu
cht c hi, hoc cht chy, n, ni kh c nhit cao. Ty yu cu c th c th t ming
ht cc b cho nhng ni ta ra cc kh c hi. Tc ht thi kh phi m bo chng n,
tc gi < 3m/s.
- Ming thu gi ngoi tri: B tr nhng ni t b nhim bn nht, vi cao khng di
2m cch mt t tnh t ming ly gi, v khng di 1m nu ming ly gi t vng c
thm cy xanh. Ming ly gi cng c th b tr trn mi nh, nu trn mi khng c ng thi
cng ngh v ng thi cc kh c hi. Ming ly gi phi t ni trnh c tn la bay vo,
c bin php ngn nga hi chy, kh chy vo ming ly gi.
- Lu :
- Cc ming ht, ming thi c th b tr m trong trn hoc m trong tng. Ming thi gi
lnh vo phng thng t thp hn ming ht gi nng ra khi phng (ming thi gi vo
thng b tr trn tng, ming ht kh nng ra thng b tr trn trn). Cc ming ht, ming
thi t thp hn 1,8 mt so vi sn cng tc.
- cp hi lnh n ni tiu th cn c cc ng ng gi i km cc ming ht, ming thi.
Trong cng mt ch, nu b tr c ng dn kh lnh v ng dn kh nng th ng dn kh nng
bao gi cng phi t bn trn ng dn kh lnh. gi kh lnh khng b nng ln do ma st,
cc ng ng ny thng c kch thc ln bn trong cc ng ng trn, nhn. phng
chy trn ng ng dn gi vo phng phi c van t ng ng ng khi trong phng c ho
hon.

H THNG C IN TA NH
+ Cc loi hng thi:
+ Cc loi ming gi khc:
b. Cc loi Ph Kin Khc:
* B thay i lu lng gi t ng:

- Thch hp cho vic iu khin lu lng gi cp trong h thng. u vo c dng trn, u
ra hnh ch nht. B iu khin/chuyn i tnh hiu, m-t c lp bn ngoi v hp v
c u ni.

H THNG C IN TA NH
* Lc Gi:
- Phin lc ti gm khung nha v nhng ti lc lm t si ha hc v si nhn to. Cng bao
gm cc tm lc th v lc tinh theo nhu cu s dng nh dung trong. Nht l h thng lc gi
trong iu ha thng gi phng sch, H Thng Cp Kh Sch p Sut Dng (Nh thuc,
bnh vin, nh my sn xut linh kin my tnh.v.v.).
* Van chn la/khi nhiu cnh:

- Van chn khi/la dng t ng c lp la chy lan gia cc khu vc c khi/la trong
cc h thng thng gi.
- trnh la/khi lan trn thng qua ng dn gi, van chn la c kh nng chu c trong
mi trng la khi n 3 gi vi r r khi rt thp.
- Van chn khi/la c lp trn ng ng gi, hoc tng v sn b tng/gch, cc vch
ngn c kt cu nh.
* Van iu chnh lu lng gi:

- Van iu chnh lu lng gi nhiu cnh c thit k s dng cho h thng thng gi, dng
iu chnh lu lng v p sut, thit k hnh dng theo hnh vung, ch nht, trn v ovan
ph hp vi vic ni ng gi.
- Khung v cc gc c lm t thp m km vi cng vng cao ph hp vi vic ni vi
mt bch ng gi. Cc cnh l loi song song, 2 lp vi kn cao p dng cho cc ng gi yu
cu r r thp. Van c th l loi iu chnh bng tay hoc bng ng c in hoc kh nn.
* Van Chn La - Loi ng Sp:

- Van chn la loi ng sp dng t ng c lp nhanh la chy lan gia cc khu vc
trong cc h thng thng gi. Van gm cc l xp chn la ph hp cho vic lp t trong
tng v sn b tng hoc gch hay kt cu bng g, ngn chn la chy lan qua h thng
ng dn gi.

H THNG C IN TA NH
* iu khin van gi trong phng chy cha chy:
5. V D V Tnh Ton Thng Gi Tng Hm Nh Xe:

a. Gii thiu:
Cng nng ch yu ca tng hm dng lm bi u xe.
Do vic thng gi tng hm nhm mc ch ht i kh CO2 v cc loi kh bn
khc.
ng thi khng kh ti t bn ngoi s c a vo thay th lng khng kh
c ly i bng chnh lch p sut m t bn trong v dng t bn ngoi.
b. Tnh ton lu lng gi :

b.1 Tnh th tch tng hm :
VD: Tng hm gm 2 khu vc:

+ Din tch khu vc 1 l 804m c chiu cao 2.3m
=> Th tch khu vc ny: 804m x 2.3m = 1849 m
+ Din tch khu vc 2 l 2600m c chiu cao 3.5m
=> Th tch khu vc ny: 2600m x 3.5m = 9100 m
=> Tng th tch hm : VH1 =1849m + 9100m = 10949 m

H THNG C IN TA NH
b.2 Tnh lu lng gi thi :
+ Quy chun thit k: Theo ti liu tiu chun Singapore CP 13: 1999 lu lng thay i
khng kh trong khng gian tng hm dng lm bi u xe nh sau:
+ Lu lng khng kh thi ly i trng thi bnh thng:

Qthi bt H1 = VH1 * 6 = 10949 m * 6 ACH = 65694 m/h = 18248 l/s
Lu lng khng kh thi ly i trng thi c chy:
Qthi ch H1 = VH1 * 9 = 10949 m * 9 ACH = 98541 m/h = 27372 l/s
c. Tnh chn qut ht kh thi:
+ Chn s lng qut ht khng kh thi l 2 cho 2 ng ng ht.

+ Do lu lng mi qut s l:
- Trng thi bnh thng: Qqut thi bt H1 = Qthi bt H1 /2 = 18248 / 2 = 9124 l/s
=> chn lu lng qut 9200 l/s
+ Theo kt cu ng ng phn phi khng kh thi thit k (tnh bng tay tn tht p sut
hoc bng phn mm, c thm chng 9 gio trnh iu ha v thng gi, chn ng ng xa
nht c tn hao p sut ln nht, sau nhn thm h s an ton 1,2), chn ct p tnh ca qut
l 250 Pa.
- Trng thi c chy: Qqut thi chy H1 = Qthi chy H1 /2 = 27372 / 2 = 13686 l/s
=> chn lu lng qut 13800 l/s
+ Nh vy qut c chn l loi 2 tc , theo thng s qut s l:
- Bnh thng: Q1 = 9200 l/s , P1 = 250 Pa
- Khi c chy: Q2 = 13800 l/s , P2 = (Q2/Q1) x P1 = 562 Pa
+ Nh vy qut thng gi cho khu vc tng hm c tng kt nh sau:
d. Tnh ton ng gi chnh :

- Lu lng gi lc bnh thng: 9200 l/s, chn vn tc trong ng gi chnh 6.8 m/s
=> Tn tht trn 1 met chiu di ng : 0.315 Pa/m
=> Kch thc ng gi vung: 1200 x 1200
- Lu lng gi lc c chy: 13000 l/s, chn vn tc trong ng gi chnh 9.6 m/s

H THNG C IN TA NH
=> Tn tht trn 1 met chiu di ng : 0.612 Pa/m

=> Kch thc ng gi vung: 1200 x 1200
e. Tnh ton s lng ming gi

+ ng gi thi (tnh tong t cho 2 ng ht gi thi):
+ Lu lng gi: 13800 l/s, chn s lng ming gi l 40 b.
=> Lu lng gi qua 1 ming gi : 345l/s
- Chn vn tc gi qua ming gi l: 2.66m/s
- Chn ming gi l loi cnh chnh i (din tch trng 72%)
=> kch thc (c) ming gi chn l : 600x300
f. Phng n iu khin :
+ Cc cng tc t ng phi c sp xp m bo rng h thng thng gi vn tip tc
hot ng trong trng hp ngun cp chnh b s c. h thng ht gi thi tng hm c ni
vo ngun in khn cp ca h thng my pht.
+ Cc qut ht c kh nng lm vic trong mi trng nhit ti thiu 2500C v phi c
ngun d phng. Mt cng tc iu khin t xa bng tay, phi c lp ti phng iu khin
trung tm khi c chy kch h thng ht khi tng hm.
+ trng thi bnh thng mi qut ht c iu khin ON/OFF bng 3 cm bin nng
CO theo bng sau:
6. Cc Ti Liu Khc:
- H Thng Ht Bi: xem thm ti cc h thng ht bi ph bin.
- ti thit b lc bi nh myg Download Ti Liu.
- Mt s bn v thi cng ng gi: Click Download.
III./ TNG P CU THANG :

1. Gii thiu:
- Trong cc m chy ta nh cao tng, th nguyn nhn thng vong ln nht l do khi t
m chy. Khi lan ra nhanh chng khp ta nh, khi lm cho ngi ta nhanh chng kit sc,
hong lon, khng tm thy li thot him.
- gii quyt bi ton trn th h thng cu thang thot him ra i. V cho h thng
hot ng hiu qu th cn c qut tng p cu thang vi tc dng y khi ra khi li thot
him duy nht ta nh.
- Khi xy ra chy, mi ngi s chy vo cu thang thot him qua bin bo thot him Exit
mu xanh. Khi t m chy s khng th bay vo li cu thang thot him, do p sut to ra

H THNG C IN TA NH
trong li cu thang cao hn bn ngoi. Cu thang thot him cn c tc dng i cu h vo

tng tng v kim ngi b tai nn do m chy kp thi s cu.
- Vic tnh ton da trn tiu chun BS5588: Part4 1998, class B.
- Mt s ti liu trn mng:
n Tng p cu thang ta nh Hong Thp TP. H Ch Minh - Nhit
lnh: Download
Tnh ton tng p cu thang: Download, Mu excel tnh ton: Download file
2. Tnh Ton H Thng Tng p Cu Thang:
a. Nguyn L Hot ng Ca H Thng:

Khi xy ra chy cc qut iu p cu thang hot ng, ti mi thang mi tng,
cc ming gi cp s cp vo thang, nng p cu thang ln gi tr 50 Pa so vi khu vc
bn ngoi.
Gi tr chnh p ny c kim sot thng qua b cm bin chnh p cu thang.
Khi gi tr chnh p ny vt qua gi tr ci t (50 Pa), b cm bin chnh p s gi
thng tin t iu khin, ti y s gi tn hiu n van gim p chy bng in
(motorize damper) van ny m ra lm gim p trong khoang cu thang cho n khi t
gi tr ci t (50 Pa).
Khi khng c tn hiu chy, cu thang thot him c thng gi, vi gi tr thay i
gi 4 ln mt gi, nh qut cp gi ti t trn tng k thut.
b.v.v.v.Continue.v.v.v.
* Hng dn tnh to p cu thang.
S ca m ng thi l 3 (ca tng chy, trn tng chy v di tng trt) Sau khi tnh c
lu lng cn thit cho qut to p cu thang. C tng lu lng qua ming gi mi tng.
Ch qut to p cu thang thng dng qut Fantech hoc Krunger c ni vo h thng

PCCC v hot ng c lp bng ngun khn cp.
Tng p cu thang c phng m theo TC BS 12101-6:2005
* To p cu thang c tnh k thut

1 .L h thng c kh c thit k nhm cung cp lc dng ti thiu 20 Pa cho bung thang
thot him v tun th theo tiu chun PCCC Vit Nam cng nh tiu chun CP:13:1999.
2 .H thng iu p c kh c thit k vi 3 ca thot him bt k ca cu thang b c m
cng lc trong thi gian thot him.
3 . Khe h gia ca thot him v phng m, hay ca thot him v cu thang s c duy tr
nhm kim sot r r khng kh t khu vc c tng p da trn tiu chun Anh : BS 5588

H THNG C IN TA NH
* ch bnh thng .
H thng s c theo di lin tc bng n bo chy, bng iu khin bo chy trung tm v
c iu khin On-Off bng tay.
S tc ng ca h thng s c bt u bng tn hiu bo chy bt k tng no ca ta nh
thng qua tip im trung gian hoc cng tc bng tay t ti v tr phng kim sot.
Trong thi gian nhn tn hiu bo chy qut tng p s bt u vn hnh, h thng s duy tr
ch vn hnh cho n khi thit lp li bng tay. u d p sut trong h xuyn tng c s
dng gi tn hiu hot ng. Qut iu p s t ng ngng lm vic khi cc u d khi
trn lung gi cp vo ngng tn hiu.
Ngun cp cho h thng iu p cu thang c ly t ngun in khn cp, dy cp ngun v
dy khin phi l dy chng chy .

H THNG C IN TA NH
C./ H THNG CP THOT NC :

CHNG I : H THNG CP NC
I. Thuyt Minh H Thng Cp Nc:
- Nc th khng th thiu vi cuc sng mi ngi. Vic quy hoch cp nc i hi tnh k
thut cao, nht l lun m bo mi ngi c nc sinh hot ti mi thi im.
- V ri ro mt nc t nh cung cp th vn c nc mi ngi s dng, t nht l trong 1
ngy m.
Thi gian ny nh cung cp khc pht tnh trng s c, ta nn s dng thm bn nc d

tr di tng hm hoc trn mi nh.
- Cc tiu chun p dng nh:
+ TCVN 4513 1988: Cp nc bn trong Tiu chun thit k.
+ Tiu chun TCXD 3989-1985: H thng ti liu thit k xy dng cp nc v thot nc

Mng li bn ngoi Bn v thi cng.
+ Tiu chun TCXDVN 33-2006 Cp nc Mng li ng ng v cng trnh Tiu

chun thit k. v d nh:
- Cho mt ngi nhn vin bo v : 200 l/ngi-ngy m.
- Cho mt ngi nhn vin phc v : 50 l/ngi-ngy m.
- Cho mt ngi nhn vin vn phng : 30 l/ngi-ngy m.
- Cho mt ngi khch siu th cafe : 7 l/ngi.
- Cho mt ngi khch n ung : 25 l/ngi.
- Cho mt ngi khch siu th : 5 l/ngi.
- Nc dng cho sn ng, cy xanh : 1,5 l/m.
- Hm nay mnh vit by ny v mt s tnh ton c bn nht bit la chn bn nc tng
hm, bn nc mi nh v bm nc.v.v. V nu chn qu ln s khng kinh t, chn qu nh
s khng m bo lng nc v ri ro t nh cung cp.
II. Quy M H Gia nh:

1. Nc t chy n bn nc trn mi nh:
a. c im:
i vi tng cn h n l, c ngun nc cp thy cc t thnh ph mnh ln
n bn nc t trn bn nc mi nh.
Nc t bn nc trn mi nh s t chy n tng vi nc trong nh, p lc v vn
tc nc khng ln lm. Nht l cc tng pha trn gn vi bn nc mi.
Nc d tr duy nht l bn nc trn mi nh, nn bn nc trn my nh s ln.
Nc cp vo bn nc mi nh qua van phao t chy.

H THNG C IN TA NH
b. Tnh ton bn nc mi nh d tr:

VD: nh 6 ngi, Chn theo tiu chun 300 lt/ngi/ngy m Q => 6 x 300 = 1800
lt/ngi/ngy m.
lng nc cho ti tiu ly 10% lng nc sinh hot , hoc ly 1,5 lt/m .
=> lng nc tng = 1800 + 1800 x 0,1 = 1980 lt/ngi/ngy m
=> bn nc mi nh = 2 Khi.
2. C my bm v bn nc trn mi nh:
a. c im:
Khc phc tnh trng nc thy cc khng th chy ln bn nc trn mi nh bt but
ta phi t thm bn nc pha di v bm ln bn nc trn mi nh.
Nc t bn nc trn mi nh s t chy n tng vi nc trong nh, p lc v vn
tc nc khng ln lm. Nht l cc tng pha trn gn vi bn nc mi.
Tn thm din tch cho bn nc pha di v tin in cho my bm nc hng thng.
Nc d tr ch yu l lng nc bn nc ngm v bn nc trn mi nh.
b. Tnh ton bn nc mi nh d tr v bm nc :
v d: ging nh trn, lu lng nc cn cung cp cho mt ngy m l 1980 lt.
- Bn nc mi nh c dung tch 1980 x 0,3 = 594 lt~ 600 lt.
=> Chn bn 1 khi d tr nc, bn cn 300 lt th bm cp nc.
- Ngoi ra c thm bn nc ngm cho my bm (0,5 -> 2 ln lng nc cp) = 1 x 1980 =
1,980 khi ~ 2 Khi.
=> Chn bn nc ngm 2 khi nc.
- Chn cng sut bm v ng ng xem thm ti: Tnh Ton My Bm Nc - ng Nc
III. Quy M Ta Nh chung c v vn phng: C my bm v bn nc trn mi nh.
a. c im:
- Khng p lc nc cp bm ln bn nc trn mi nh.
- Mi ngi iu xi chung mt bn cp nc pha trn mi nh v mt bn nc ngm cp
pha di, cng vi mt h thng my bm nc dng chung.
- cc tng pha di do p lc cao s dng thm van gim p gim p lc, thng l 2
bar. Cc tng gn mi do gn bn nc mi nh, nn p lc thp c th s lp thm bm tng
p m bo p lc nc cp.
- Vn tc nc chn trung bnh l 2 m/s. C c lu lng cp cho tng khu vc ta s tnh
c tit din ng ng. Xem thm Tnh Ton My Bm Nc - ng Nc.

H THNG C IN TA NH
b. Tnh ton:
VD: ta nh gm :
- nh dn c 1240 ngi (ly trung bnh 6 ngi/cn h), Tiu chun dng nc ly 300
l/ng/ngy m.
- Vn phng c S ngi trong khi vn phng: 1280 ngi tiu chun dng nc 25
lt/ngi.
+Tnh ton b cha nc ngm d tr (2):

=> Lu lng nc dn c Q = 300 x 1240/1000=372 m /ngy m.
=> Lu lng nc khi vn phng : Qh = 1280 x 25/1000=32 m/ngy m.
- Tng lu lng nc cp vo cho nhu cu sinh hot :
=> Qt = Q+ Qh = 372 + 32 = 404 m/ ngy m.
- Tnh ton nhu cu cp nc cho cc dch v cng cng : ti cy , ra sn ...Chn theo tiu
chun : TCXDVN-33-2006, chn lu lng nc cp cho nhu cu cng cng bng 10% lu
lng tnh ton cho ta nh.
=> Lu lng nc cho cc dch v cng cng : Qcc = 404 x 0,1 = 40,4 m/ngy m = 0,47
l/s .
Tng lu lng nc cp vo cho ta nh:
=> Qtc = Qt + Qcc = 372 + 32 + 40,4 = 444,4 m/ngy m. Ta chn 444 m/ngy m .
Dung tich b cha nc ngm c tnh theo cng thc:
=> Qb = (0,5>2) x Qngy/m = 1,6 x 444 = 710 m/ngy m.
=> Chn b nc ngm c dung tch: 710 m . C th cng thm dung tch ca bn nc cu
ha cho cha chy cho ra dung tch bn nc ta nh hay bn nc cu ha c lp t
ring.
- Nh vy h nc c th p ng c nhu cu s dng cho ton ta nh hn mt ngy m
trong iu kin nu ngng ngun cp nc thy cc bn ngoi.
+ Tnh chn ng h nc (1):

- Da vo bng 6 - TCVN 4513:1988.
- Trong chn Q ngy m = 404 khi/ngy m = 17 khi/ gi.

H THNG C IN TA NH
- Chn ng h o nc loi tuc bin trc ngang c ng h 80 (t 45 - 500 Khi/ngy).
+Tnh ton b nc mi (4):

- Nhu cu s dng nc trong mt gi :Qh = 404/24 = 17 m/h.
=> Dung tich iu ha b nc mi :Wbc = 0,3x Qngy/m = 0,3 x 404 = 121,2 m.
=> Chn b nc mi cho sinh hot l: 120 m (chia lm 2 b, mi b 60 m). Ngoi ra trn
mi nh cn c thm bn nc cu ha c lp t ring tch bit vi bn nc mi, chng ta
s tho lun sau trong bi vit bn nc cho phng chy cha chy.
+Tnh ton bm Nc (3): Lu Lng Qb, Ct p V ng Knh ng ng
Tnh ton bm chnh bm nc t b nc ngm ln b mi:
=> Theo cc thng s tnh ton nh trn ta chn: Qb = 60 m/h
=> ng knh ng ht: Lu lng 60 m/h ,vn tc 2 m/s. Chn 2 ng ht c ng knh
DN100 .
=> ng knh ng y: Lu lng 60 m/h , vn tc 3 m/s. Chn ng knh ng y DN100
.
- Chn cng sut bm, ct p xem thm ti: Tnh Ton My Bm Nc - ng Nc

- Thng chn 3 bm (2 bm chy v mt d phng), nhn tn hiu thiu nc t tng mi v
tc ng n tn hiu bm tng hm, lm ng mch contactor cp in cho my bm hot
ng. Khi nc t c mc gi tr ci t sn th ngt tn hiu in cho cun dy
contactor v dng bm.
+Tnh ton bm tng p- bnh iu p- h s dng (5), (6), (7):

i. Do h s dng (7): t gn trn tng mi nh, gn vi bn nc nn p lc khng t yu
cu thit k t nht p lc t 1,5 bar tng ng 15 mt cao. Tc l t nh mi xung 15
mt (3 tng) th phi thit k thm bm tng p v bn iu p cho bm tng p.
j. Bm tng p (5): duy tr p lc t trung bnh 2 bar tng mi gn h s dng nht. =>
chn bm c ct p 35 mt . lu lng chn theo s h s dng nc trong 15 mt tnh theo
tng t mi nh t bn nc mi xung. Chn 2 bm (1 chy, 1 d phng).
- Bm tng p dng bin tn iu khin theo p lc nc ci t bng cm bin p lc cho tn
hiu analog, lun duy tr p lc u ra l 1,5 -> 2 bar.
k. Bnh iu p (6): Chn p lc nm trong khong 2->3,5 bar, v d nh lu lng cp cho
cc h l 235 lt/pht. thi gian ly bm hot ng l 15 pht. => Pe = 2bar, Pd = 3,5 bar, n =
15 pht.
Ta c RU = 16,5 x Q/n = 16,5 x 235/15 = 258 lt.

Da vo bng tra dung tch bnh iu p: => Th tch bnh iu p = 750 lt.

H THNG C IN TA NH
+Tnh ton cho h s dng (8):

- Theo yu cu p lc t chy t 1,5 bar n 3,5 bar tng ng 15 mt n 35 mt cao t
bn mi xung cc tng di th ta c nc t chy, v nh th p lc yu cu.
+Tnh ton cho van gim p (9):

- ng nhin khi vt qua qu 35 mt trn th p lc tng di s ln, do vy ta dng van
gim p duy tr li p lc t 1,5 bar n 3 bar. Nh vy c 15 mt theo chiu cao t h s
dng (8) ta s phi t thm 1 van gim p duy tr p lc 1,5 bar n 3 bar.
VD: Bng p lc nc - tnh cho mt ta nh in hnh 23 tng + 1 Tng mi + 2 Tng hm:
- Bn v mu v h thng cp thot nc ta nh-Khu nh iu hnh v nh cng v

BQLDA c kh in C Mau : http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?zej6v2zvdcitrbr
- Ti liu PP Thit K thi cng h thng HKK -SMACNA & JIS

- M hnh cp nc t cao c vn phng Thin Nam - TP. HCM.

H THNG C IN TA NH

H THNG C IN TA NH
CHNG II : H THNG THOT NC

I. Thuyt minh v h thng thot nc
a. Gii thiu:
Khng ging nh h thng cp nc l phi tnh ton p lc nc ti mi thi im,
khng phi la chn h thng bm nc.
Nc trong h thng ny ri t do, nn ch cn m bo kch thc ng ng,
nc thot i mt cch tt nht vi chi ph t nht.
Cng nh h thng thot nc n gin ca mt ngi nh: th h thng thot nc cng
bao gm cc ng ng nh: ng thot phn, ng thot nc sinh hot, ng thot
nc nh bp, ng thot hi v ng thot nc ma. Cc h thng ng ng ny i
ring l vi nhau v hp li vi nhau ti mt b t hoi 3 ngn ca ta nh v c x
l ngn lc s b, sau c dn v khu vc x l trung tm ca khu dn c.
Cc tiu chun p dng: TCVN 4474-1987 Thot nc bn trong, TCXDVN 51 -
2006 Thot nc mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh.
Nh vy ta ch quan tm cc s liu sau: Kch thc tng loi ng ng, h thng
ng ng, v tr lp t.v.v.
b. Nguyn tc b tr ng thot nc:

H thng thot nc phn v h thng thot nc sn ring bit.
H thng ng ng thot nc ma c b tr trong cc hp gen thng tng.
H thng m bo thot nc tt.
C tng chiu di ngn nht.
D dng kim tra sa cha thay th.
Trnh i qua phng khch, phng ng.
D phn bit khi sa cha.
Thun tin trong qu trnh thi cng.
II. Kch thc ng ng:

1. Tnh ng knh ng ng thot phn:
- Nguyn tc b tr ng thot nc thi cho khu vc cn h: mi ng ng phc v ring cho
mi chc nng thot nc ca thit b v sinh, gm bn cu v x tiu. ng thot phn dn vo
ngn 1 ca b t hoi.
VD: ta nh c 18 tng, mi tng c 2 bn cu
- S lng bn cu l 2 ci 3 ng lng thot nc /ci,(x 6l/1 ln)
-> Tng s ng lng l : 18 x 2 x 3 = 108 l
-> ng knh ng DN100 c kh nng cho php 256 l vi cao 91m (Theo: Quy chun h
thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh). an ton trong qu trnh hot ng ta chn
ng DN150
H THNG C IN TA NH
2. Tnh ng knh ng thot nc sinh hot:

- L nc tm git, dn vo ngn 3 ca hm t hoi, sau thot ra vo trm x l nc thy
thp trung ca khu dn c.
VD: ta nh c 18 tng, c cc thng s sau:
- S lng Bn tm nm 1ci vi 3ng lng / 1 ci

- S lng bn tm ng 1 ci vi 2 ng lng/1 ci
- S lng Lavapo 2 ci vi 1 ng lng/1 ci
-> Tng s ng lng: 18 x ( 1x3+1x2+2x1 ) = 126 l
-> Chn ng knh ng DN100 c kh nng cho php 256 l vi cao 91m (Theo: Quy
chun h thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh).
3. Tnh ng knh ng thot nc nh bp:
- Dn vo ngn 1 hoc 2 ca hm t hoi, sau qu trnh ngn lng s n ngn 3 ca b t hoi,
mt s cng trnh th ngi ta nhp chung vi ng ng thot nc sinh hot. Nhng vi
tiu chun cao hn th nn tch ring ra thm ng ng thot nc cho nh bp d x l.
VD: ta nh c 18 tng, c cc thng s sau:

- S lng chu Sink l 02 ci vi 2 ng lng/01 ci.
--> Tng s ng lng: 18 x 2 x 2= 72 ng lng.
--> Chn ng knh ng DN100 c kh nng cho php 256 l vi cao 91m (Theo: Quy
chun h thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh).
4. Tnh ng knh ng thng hi:
Theo: Quy chun h thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh :
- Chn ng knh ng thng hi DN100 cho tt c cc ng thot nc.
- Cch 5 tng u ni thng hi b sung cho ng ng thot nc trc ng 1 ln tnh t im
cao nht, ng knh ng thng hi b sung khng nh hn ng knh ng thng hi ng.
5. Tnh ng ng thot nc ma:
a. Phng php v cng thc tnh ton:

- TCXD 5641-1991: B cha bng b tng ct thp. Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu.
- TCXDVN 51:1984 Thot nc Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh Tiu chun thit k.
- Vic tnh ton thy lc theo tiu chun 20 TCN-54-84:
- Cn c vo bn v kin trc, b tr cc phu thu sn v ng ng. Xc nh lu lng ph
trch ca tuyn ng chnh. Nc ma c thu gom v cho chuyn thng ra cng chnh hoc
n trm x l nc thy tp trung ca khu dn c.
+ Xc nh lu lng v ng knh ng:

VD: Tnh ton thot nc ma trn sn thng v mi:
- Din tch sn sn thng (ni thu nc ma ) : 2780 m , din tch khc cn li l 200 m.
- Cc s liu ma c ly theo TCVN. V d ti a im H NI, cng ma q5 = 484.6

l/s.ha
--> Theo TCVN lu lng ma l: Qm= (K x F x q5)/10000 = (2 x (2780+200) x 484.6)/10000
= 289 l/s .

H THNG C IN TA NH
--> Lu lng thot nc ca mi cu chn rc trn mi (33 ng, 33 cu chn rc) => 289/33 ~
9 l/s.
--> Cu chn rc DN100 c kh nng thot ti a 12 l/s (theo bng 9 TCVN 4474-1987).
--> Chn cu chn rc DN100.
- Ngoi ra cn c tng din tch thu nc sn vn khc l 500 m => Qsv = 48,46 ~ 50 l/s.
- Lu lng thot nc ca mi ng DN100: 50/16~4 l/s.
--> ng DN100 c kh nng thot ti a 10 l/s (theo TCVN 4474-1987).
--> Chn ng thot DN100.
b. Tnh ton ng ng thot nc ma ti tng chuyn i gom nc li:

- Theo v d trn vi lu lng tng sn thng l 289 l/s v tng sn vn l 50 l/s, chn 5
ng thot nc DN 200.
--> Tng lu lng nc ma ti tng chuyn i : Qm = 289 + 50 ~ 340 l/s.
--> Lu lng thot nc ca mi ng DN200: 340/5~68 l/s.
- ng DN200 c kh nng thot ti a 80l/s (theo TCVN 4474-1987).
--> Chn ng thot DN200.
--> Vy chn 5 ng DN200 chuyn v trc chnh thot nc xung tng hm, sau thot
ra h ga bn ngoi ta nh.
+ Lu : Mi tng c 1 dy nh xp theo chiu dc ging nhau, th h thng cc ng thot
nc trn cng gm cc h thng ng xp theo chiu dc ca mi cn h - Trc A, trc B, Trc
C.v.v.. Nn ta thy c nh v sinh tng trn nm v tr no th tng di cng ging nh vy.
V d: mt tng c 12 cn h, th s c t nht 12 x 3 = 36 ng thng tng xung t, ni xung
h thng ng ngang tng dn v hm t hoi trung tm (gm: ng thot phn, ng thot nc
sinh hot, ng thot hi). ng thot nc ma b tr i ring hoc chung, ng thot nc nh
bp c th i chung ng sinh hot.
6. Chn loi ng s dng cho cng trnh:

+ Cng lp t cho mng li cng thu gom nc thi c nhiu loi : ng gang, ng nha,
ng b tng ct thp, cng snh
- ng gang : kh nng chu lc tt, chng xm thc tng i tt nu mt trong c trng lp
bo v, nhng gi thnh cao, t c s dng lm ng thot nc.
- ng snh : Gi thnh xy dng thp, song ch c loi ng knh nh, kh nng chu lc v
chng va p km do vy khng an ton khi s dng lm cng thot nc thi.
- ng b tng ly tm : cht lng tng i cao, kh nng chu lc tt. L loi thng c
dng trong cc cng trnh thot nc
- ng PVC : Loi ng ny c cht lng, kh nng dn nc tt. Vic thi cng loi ng ny
n gin v nhanh. Tuy nhin gi thnh cao, kch c ng b hn ch ( trong nc ch sn sut
loi ng D<300mm).
7. Bm nc thi:
- Bm nc thi l loi bm chuyn dng c bit cho nc thi c tnh n mn cao, cu to
cnh h, chng ngt rc. Bm nc thi c hiu sut lm vic rt tt, in nng tiu th thp v
tui th cao.
H THNG C IN TA NH
- Bm nc thi vn hnh hon ton t ng theo tn hiu mc nc ca cc b x l, do i

khi b t hoi t thp hn ng ng thot nc nn nc khng th t chy c, ta ci t
n 1 gi tr th bm t ng ht nc ra bm vo h thng nc thy.
III.TNH TON B T HOI :

- Nc thi t cc trung tm thng mi, cc cng trnh cng cng, nh , trc khi x vo
mng li thu gom nc thi phi c x l s b bng b t hoi xy dng t nht 3 ngn
trc khi dn n trm x l tp trung.
+ B t hoi : chia lm 3 ngn, ngn 1 cha nc en t wc, ngn 3 cha nc xm sinh hot.
VD: S lng cn h m b t hoi phc v :156 cn, Chn 6 ngi /cn h.

---> s ngi m b t hoi phc v : 156 x 6=936 ngi.
- Tiu chun thi nc ca mt ngi trong mt ngy: 60l/ngi/ngy ( nc en).
---> Lu lng nc thi chy vo b t hoi : 936 x 60=56160 l/ngy=56 m/ngy.
- Tiu chun thi nc ca mt ngi trong mt ngy: 80l/ngi/ngy ( nc xm).
---> Lu lng nc thi chy vo b t hoi : 936 x 80=74880 l/ngy=75 m/ngy.
- Nc t x tiu ( nc en ) chy vo ngn u tin ca b t hoi, nc t sinh hot tm
git (nc xm ) chy vo ngn 3 ca b t hoi.
- Chn thi gian lu nc l 2 ngy cho nc en , m bo ch t phn hy ca bn cn l
ti u nht.
---> Dung tch ngn 1 l: 56 x 2= 112m ( theo kinh nghim thit k, lng bn cn ti Vit
Nam, c th l khu vc pha Bc c m cao v nhit thay i bt thng lm cho h s
phn hy bn cn bin i, m bo s an ton trong qu trnh vn hnh b c ti u nht
, ngh tng dung tch d phng b cho lng bn cn v vng ni l 10%.
---> Vy dung tch thc t cn s dng l 124m. (dung tch thc t ca b l 165m) tha yu
cu.
- Cng theo tnh ton nh trn : lu lng nc thi ( nc xm ) l 75m/ngy, a vo ngn
3 ca b pht , chn thi gian lu nc l 0,5 ngy , mt phn cn l lng trong nc
xm lng xung y b, m bo nc thi u ra cha hm lng cn l lng l ti thiu nht.
Dung tch cn thit ca ngn 3 l : 65m
+ Chc nng ca tng cng trnh n v :

- B t hoi s dng vi mc ch x l ton b cc loi nc thi cho ta nh ( nc en v
nc xm), nguyn l ca ton b qu trnh x l c thit k da vo phng php ca b t
hoi truyn thng, b t hoi c chia lm 3 ngn : ngn cha v phn hy cn lng bng vi
khun k kh, ngn lng 1 v ngn lng 2.
+ Ngn cha v phn hy k kh :
- Thnh phn, c tnh ca nc thi t sinh hot dn c l cha nhiu cht ha c, cn l
lng ha tan v khng tan trong nc, cha nhiu hm lng Nit v photpho tn ti di cc
dng hp cht mui.
- Nc thi t nh x v u tiu tp trung ti ngn u tin ca b, thnh phn ch yu ca loi

nc thi ny cha hm lng cn l lng kh ln, thnh phn cn c t trng cao c gi
li.
H THNG C IN TA NH
- Ti y cc thnh phn nhim ny s c x l bng cc loi vi sinh vt ym kh tn ti

di y b, chng phn hy cc hp cht hu c, cc thnh phn mui amoni thnh cc kh t
do, tch ra khi nc, lm gim hm lng nhim t 40% - 45%.
- Phn vng ni tch ly trn b mt cng s c tnh ton v ht nh k cng vi lng cn
phn hy trong b, vic b tr thng hi cho b ny l cn thit.
+ Ngn lng :
- Thnh phn ca nc thi sau khi qua b cha v ln men cng vi lng nc thi xm t
cc hot ng sinh hot khc cha mt lng rt ln hm lng cn l lng v vng ni.
- Vic b tr 2 b lng hot ng theo cp s gim ti a lng cn l lng ny, ti ngn tch
vng cui cng ca b, vic b tr thu nc nh thit k s gi li ton b lng vng ni ny.
Bn lng v cc vng ni s c ht nh k 1 -2 nm mt ln.
- Theo tnh ton thit k gii trnh, cng vi s phi hp h thng thot nc ngoi nh,
nc thi u ra ca b t hoi u ni vo h thng theo nguyn tc t chy.
+ Cc bn v xem thm phn Download cc ti liu k thut phn bn v c in M&E.

VD: h thng thot nc ta nh vn phng Thin Nam.

H THNG C IN TA NH

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H THNG C IN TA NH

b. Cc Thnh Phn Trong H Thng in Ta Nh

2. ATS - My Pht in - UPS

b. Cc Thnh Phn Trong H Thng in Ta Nh

4. H Thng Camera An Ninh CCTV.

6. H Thng Pht Thanh Cng Cng

8. H Thng Qun L Ta Nh BMS

C. H Thng Lnh - Thng Gi.

3. Thng Gi Trong Ta Nh:

3.2 H Thng ng Gi - Ming Gi.

Bin son : Nguyn ng Tun (https://www.facebook.com/thietkecodienvietnam/) Page 1

2. H Thng Thot Nc.

E. H Thng Phng Chy - Cha Chy

3. Gio Trnh Phng Chy Cc Thit B in Download

Bin son : Nguyn ng Tun (https://www.facebook.com/thietkecodienvietnam/) Page 2

A./ H THNG IN NNG :

H thng in nng l h thng in chnh ca ta nh bao gm h thng in ng Lc v h

Trm Bin p in Lc + T T B ==> ATS + My Pht ==> UPS lu in ==> Ti s

Ti S Dng Trc Tip: Tng cn h s dng in 1 pha, My Bm Cp Thot Nc, Thang

Thuyt Minh tng Thnh Phn Trong H Thng:

Ti liu h Thng Gim St Lp t C in Ca Thy Nguyn Anh M:

CHNG I : Trm Bin p - T B Cng Sut

- T cc loi my bin p nh (my bin p kh gii nhit bng gi, hin ti ch to c

I.1/ Thuyt Minh Trm bin p:

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hn ch tn tht cng sut v gim gi thnh u t ng dy l mt la chn ti u.

3. Cng Sut My Bin p:

4. Cc n v cn quan tm trn trm:

I.2/ Tnh Ton V La Chn Trm Bin p H p :

Bin son : Nguyn ng Tun (https://www.facebook.com/thietkecodienvietnam/) Page 4

2. Xc nh s lng bin p (h loi 1, 2 v 3):

4. Xc nh ch vn hnh kinh t Trm Bin p: i vi trm t 2 My Bin p Tr

6. Tiu Chun p Dng v bn v:

I.3./ Cc loi trm bin p nh:

- Bao gm cc trm: Trm hp b, trm nn (t ln nn b tng), trm gin(< 3x100 KVA),

Bin son : Nguyn ng Tun (https://www.facebook.com/thietkecodienvietnam/) Page 5

Bin son : Nguyn ng Tun (https://www.facebook.com/thietkecodienvietnam/) Page 6

Download ti: http://www.thibidi.com/vn/4/50.html

2. Trm Bin p trong nh:

Bin son : Nguyn ng Tun (https://www.facebook.com/thietkecodienvietnam/) Page 7

va p, trong nhng trng hp ny cc trm trn b kiu kn c s dng .

+ Gim thi gian nghin cu v thit k, gim chi ph lp t do:

+ Cc trm kiu ny chc chn, gn p thng c dng cc ni quan trng nh c quan

Bin son : Nguyn ng Tun (https://www.facebook.com/thietkecodienvietnam/) Page 8

nh gi nh hng ca CSPK i vi h thng ngi ta s dng h s cng sut cosj,

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a. CSPK Q khng sinh cng nhng li gy ra nhng nh hng xu v kinh t v k

- V k thut : CSPK gy ra st p trn ng dy v tn tht cng sut trn ng truyn.

II.2. Cc bin php nng cao h s cng sut cosj :

a. My b ng b : chnh l ng c ng b lm vic trong ch khng ti.

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tp. my b ng b thng b tp trung vi dung lng ln.

II.3. T b trong h thng cung cp in:

Bin son : Nguyn ng Tun (https://www.facebook.com/thietkecodienvietnam/) Page 11

d s phng in qua cc in tr song song.

V : QD = Ud2 w C = (3. Uf)2 w C = 3 QY

a. B tnh ( b nn) : b tr b gm mt hoc nhiu t to nn lng b khng i. vic

+ Nhc im : khi ti dao ng c kh nng dn n vic b tha.Vic ny kh nguy

--> V vy, phng php ny p dng i vi nhng ti t thay i.