1

(Feeding and yield culture system)

(, , , Extensive aquaculture)
(Semi intensive)
(Intensive)
(Types of water)
(Freshwater culture system)
(Brackishwater culture system)
(Seawater culture system)

(Water management)
(Open system)
(Partial exchange water system)
(Closed system)
(Re-circulating system)
Flow through or Raceways system

(Culture facilities)
(Ponds)
, (Cages, pens)
(Raceways)

(Operational method)
(Monoculture)
(Polyculture)
(Integrated)
(Sea farming)
 2

(Feeding and yield culture system)

(Extensive)
(Semi intensive)
(Intensive)

Extensive aquaculture system
(Semi-intensive aquaculture culture system)

(Intensive)
3

(Extensive aquaculture system)

(Extensive)


( 2 ha)
5 000-10 000 shrimp post larvae (PL)/ha/crop)
(pelagic algae) (benthic animals)

(primary productivity)
1 / / Shellfish

50-200




exponential

,

(Semi-intensive aquaculture sytem)

(Semi Intensive)

Semi-extensive extensive (e.g., 50
000-100 000 shrimp PL/ha/crop) (natural
 3

productivity)


(supplementary feeds) (cereals)
(by-products)
semi-intensive

80300 //

Semi-intensive raceways,


semi-intensive super-intensive
, natural productivity culture management

(Intensive aquaculture system)

(Intensive)


(e.g., 200 000-300 000 shrimp PL/ha/crop)

 4

stock



10-15% intensive
(25 to 40%)
3 6
intensive extensive
( 60%)
FCR
(FCRkg of feed per kg of animal produced) FCR 1.1 FCR 2.5


(aeration)
(atmospheric air)


(fish lice, fungi - Saprolegnia spp., intestinal worms
nematodes trematodes), bacteria Yersinia spp., Pseudomonas spp protozoa Dinoflagellates
(animal husbandry)


oxygen, ammonia, nitrite
intensive
(Super Intensive)



(Density) , (Natural
food) (Prepared food)

(Types of water)
(Freshwater culture system)
(Brackishwater culture system)
(Seawater culture system)

(Freshwater water ponds)

 5

(still-water ponds)

(Brackishwater ponds)









,

(Open-Pen Sea Cage Aquaculture)

Open-Pen Sea Cage Aquaculture




Yellowtail Kingfish, Southern Bluefin Tuna, Atlantic Salmon Trout
Snapper Barramundi

(Sea ranching, Mariculture)

Mariculture mariculture
(in shore) offshore mariculture finfish U.S.A., France, Spain, Japan etc.
finfish mariculture
salmonids; Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus spp; yellow tail, Seriola quinaueradiata; red seabream (Pagrus major)
Sea ranching

sea
ranching (sea cucumbers), scallops Hervey Bay
juveniles
 6

http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/fisheries/aquaculture/overview/types/sea-ranching

(Water control)
(Open system)
(Closed system)
(Re-circulating system)

(Open system)




clam beds

(Semi-Closed Culture Systems)

Semi-closed aquaculture
Semi-closed system culture

(Closed Culture System)

 7

Closed system culture

, ,

biomass cover
(capitol) (operational expenses)
aquarium mechanical biological substrate filter

(Recirculation and Reuse Systems)

biological filters

5
-10%
Recirculation 4 culture chambers, a primary settling chamber, a biological filter
(biofilter) a final clarifier or secondary settling chamber

detoxify

recycle 24
. 10-20%
Recirculating systems



(re-circulating
aquaculture system - RAS)
UV sterilization,
ozonation oxygen injection

(feed-use efficiency growth)
(water exchange)
(aquaponics)

(broodstock
maturation, larval rearing, fingerling production, research animal production, SPF -specific pathogen free
animal production, and ornamental fish production)
barramundi, sturgeon and live tilapia USA
 8

(Running water culture, Flow-Through or Single-Pass Systems)

(Flow Through) (raceway)
raceway

0.24-0.3 (,
2524) (water flow),
(aeration), (water temperature),

System operation for trout aquaculture

raceway system

- Aeration by pumping of the culture water in the trout raceways

- Aeration by water agitators in the trout raceways.

(Culture facilities)
(ponds)
(cages)
(Aquarium)

(Pond Culture)

pH
6.5-8.5
 9

, , ,

(Cage culture)


10


(
)







100

Cyprinidae
Siluridae Clariidae
Ophicephalide Ictaluridae
(monoculture) (polyculture)
Carangidae
Tilapia


64 18 18 117
110 540 150 370 17
200
 10

, (Cage and pen culture)

extensive, semi-intensive intensive

extensive ,
semi-intensive (<10%)
intensive
(>20%)

1 2 1
5 8 2

2x5x1.5

(Pen culture)
- Pen is defined as a fixed enclosure in which the
bottom is the bed of the water body
- an enclosure with bottom and sides of netting or bamboo
etc., whether floating at the surface or totally submerged



1-2 1-10
 11

( )
(V)

1 10

 12

-

-
-
- (Intensive utilization of space)

100

-


-
- (Suitability for culturing many varied species)

(Safety from predators)

(Ease of harvest)

sport fishing (Pen culture as cage culture is economical multiple use of same
water body (e.g. pen culture in an irrigation reservour)

- (High demand of oxygen and water flow)

- (Dependence on artificial feed)
- (Food losses)
- (Pollution)
-
-
- (Rapid spread of diseases)
-
-
-
- (irrigation water
supply)
 13

(Floating Raft Culture)

(Tanks)
(Tanks)

50x70x50 150 7.2

1 2

(air pump)
 14

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. 2
10
6.

7. 1 3

8.


(Sucker)

(Organism management method)

(Monoculture)
(Polyculture)
(Integrated)
(Sea farming)

(Monoculture)
monoculture
3
polyculture ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Labeo rohita Cirrhinus mrigala)
Monoculture

Mono-size stocking
Multi-stage stocking
Multi- size stocking
Mono-sex stocking
 15

(Polyculture)
Polyculture biomass
(monoculture)



2
40% ,10% ,10% , 20% 20%
100 .. / / 2
2% 10 327.25 / (, 2536)








2
1. 1,000 1,500
800 300 100 5-10 1


2.
, ,

polyculture (Benefits of polyculture)

(Better and complete utilization of natural
feed) (Avoidance of some trophic deadlocks)
Bosmina longirostris harmful side effect
silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
common carp (Enhancement of natural food)

(Improvement of water quality) silver carp tilapia
silver carp

 16

14 polyculture
10%, tench (67%), pike (0.91.7%), salmon (3.25.5%), (1.2 4.8%)

polyculture growth performances short food chain

feeding regime Chinese carps (Ctenopharyngodon idella,
(macrophytophagous), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, (phytoplanktivorous)
polyculture common carps (Cyprinus carpio), silver carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),
grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) tilapias
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) catfish (Heterobranchus
isopterus, Clarias sp.), osteoglossid (Heterotis niloticus) Hemichromis fasciatus (
Colossoma macropomum Prochilodus sp.,
Cyprinus carpio and tilapias

(Integrated fish farming System)

(2545)


 17

1 100 1 510


26

by-products

3 75-100

1-
2 1-2
300-500 /

0.5-1.5 0.4-
0.8 -

 18

2,000 /
() ( / ) ( / / )
1-3 1,000-1,200 70
5-6 500-600 100
4-5 500-1,000 80
3-5 800-1,200 86
3-5 800-1,500 64

4-10

()

(Aquatic Plant Aquaculture)

http://www.aquatoyou.com/index.php/2013-05-12-12-46-25/729-2013-05-12-13-31-53

250





 19

1. 40-60 %
0.5-1
/ 2-3

2. 1-2

3.
NPK 15-15-15
30-20-10 25-5-5
10-25 : 20

1. 40-60%
2-3 30
30-20-10 25-5-5
5-15 /1000
2.

3. 30-50% 1-2 NPK
30-20-10 -- 5-10 / 1000

2-3