Chemical and Physical properties of

water

Hydrogen Bonds

hydrogen bond
Liquidity at Room Temperature

(Solvent action Chemical Reactions)

: 1,000 ./..
: 100 C : 0 C
: 18.01528 ./

1
 Water is a polar, covalent compound.
- (H) 2
(O) 1

105
+ +

Bipolar





(dipole moment)
(universal solvent)

Hydrogen bonds of water

(Hydrogen Bond)
Hydrogen bonds are weaker bonds
compare to covalent and ionic bonds.
Hydrogen bonds allow for the
following properties.
Cohesion stick together
Adhesion stick to other
Surface tension
Great dissolving power.

2


(density)
(hexagonal crystalline ice)

(tetrahedral lattice)

0 oC



(
11 % )
Solid ()
Liquid ()

A B
A

4C



http://www.stepstoknow.com/Nature-and-Science/Why-does-ice-float-on-water/

3
 = / (g/cm3)

http://portal.edu.chula.ac.th/lesa_cd/assets/document/LESA212/7/properties_water/properties_water/properties_water.html

4

T = 0.0 C
T 15%
3.98 C



http://galedc.com/site/cc/cc_biology/3429

5
 ?
-

density

6

(specific heat)
(Latent heat)
(density)
(Surface tension)
(Light penetration)

(heat capacity)

(heat capacity)
C
ethyl alcohol ?

7
 ?

http://slideplayer.com/slide/260673/

8


(Heat capacity) 4.184 //
1 1C
4.184 1 (1,000 )
1C 4,184

http://portal.edu.chula.ac.th/lesa_cd/assets/document/LESA212/7/properties_water/properties_water/properties_water.html

Oceans, Circulation, and Temperature

http://hendrix2.uoregon.edu/~imamura/102/section3/chapter15.html

9
 (specific heat)

1
1
/
/ 1
/ / (Cal/g)/C 1 J/kg.K
/ /

/ /

1 Cal = 4.184 J
1 1C 4.184
1
4.186 /

10
 Why does the air warm faster
than the water?

The temperature of water changes slower than the temperature

of the air because water has a higher heat capacity.

Table of specific heat capacities at 25 C

C = K - 273.15

Substance Phase Cp J/(gK)

Hydrogen gas 14.30
Water at 25 C liquid 4.1813
Ethanol liquid 2.44
Water at 100 C (steam) gas 2.080
Water at -10 C (ice) solid 2.05
Iron solid 0.450
Silver solid 0.233
Gold solid 0.129
Uranium solid 0.116

11
 ?

http://bio12lucyxu.blogspot.com/

12
 10

( 1 )

13


()
(Boiling
point)

(Freezing point)

= , = , = , =

(Latent heat)

(Latent heat)
Cal/g

Latent heat of fusion =
Latent heat of vaporization =
Latent heat of freezing =
Latent heat of condensation =

14
http://portal.edu.chula.ac.th/lesa_cd/assets/document/LESA212/7/properties_water/properties_water/properties_water.html

Latent heat of fusion Latent heat of vaporization

Latent heat of freezing Latent heat of condensation

http://www.lesa.biz/earth/atmosphere/state-of-water

15

80 / 1

0C

(Latent heat of fusion)

80 / (Latent heat of freezing)

600 1
(Latent heat of vaporization)

600 /
(Latent heat of condensation)

16
 http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter2/lat_heat2.html

(Latent heat of fusion)


1 0 =
79.7

17

(Latent heat of vaporization)

600
1 Latent heat of vaporization

18