What are the unique properties

of water?
Specific heat
Universal solvent
Capillary action
Cohesion
Adhesion
Surface tension
Polarity
Density
Buoyancy

Cohesion force



Surface tension
cohesion

1
 Adhesion force


Hydrogen Atom Oxygen
Atom

Water drops on pine needles,

showing the effects of gravity,
adhesion, and cohesion on
water. Credit: J Schmidt;
National Park Service.

2
 cohesive forces

(Surface tension)



cohesive forces



intermolecular forces
intermolecular forces
Surface tension dynes/ cm
dynes break
1 cm

Capillary action


Capillary action adhesion
surface tension
Adhesion




(adhesion cohesion)

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https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/plant-form-and-physiology-30/transport-of-water-and-
solutes-in-plants-183/movement-of-water-and-minerals-in-the-xylem-698-11923/

Droplets
surface tension

www.sciencebuddies.org

(water striders)

surface tension

"interface tension

surface tension

(gravity)
surface tension

5
 https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-examples-of-the-
difference-between-adhesion-and-cohesion

It's cohesion that causes water to form drops and surface tension causes
their surface to be nearly spherical and adhesion keeps them in their place.

Importance of surface tension

Without most of us never paying attention to it, surface tension is acting
all around us, everywhere and all the time, affecting our daily life in a
number of ways.
In fact it is surface tension which keeps the billions of cells in our body
functional, ensuring the proper organization of their biomolecules, proteins,
lipids, and nucleic acids, into membranes and various types of cellular
organelles.
Surface tension is a truly fundamental property of water, making it an ideal
medium allowing for life as we know it to exist. On a more easily
accessible scale, familiar to us all, it is surface tension what makes water
drops spherical.

6
Factors affecting surface tension

(buoyant force)

7
 (Solvent action)

Water is universal solvent.

(Universal solvent)


(Electrostatic forces)
H+ OH-


ion (hydrophylic solute)
NaCl ()

8
 ionize
(H-O-H) H+ OH-
(self-ionization of water)
ionize
CO2
OH
O=C=O + H-O-H O=C
OH

ionize

9
 Covalent bonds Ionic bonds

Electrostatic forces 80

() Cl-
() Na+
Sodium Chloride

Hydrate ion

-

hydrogen bond H covalent bond
electron N O electron
N O H +
electron O N

10


http://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/solutions/solubility/section1.rhtml

11


H1 and H2
( intermolecular forces)

H3

Hsoln = H1 + H2 + H3

12


ppb parts per
billion
= 5 ppb
1
5

13



diffusion, osmosis active transport

(lubricants)

Thermal properties High specific heat

(good insulator)

cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, capillary action

(coolants)

homeostasis

14
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