Master of Engineering

Special Topic Presentation

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Munshi Nagar, Andheri(W), Mumbai-400058
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
2016-2017
 A PRESENTATION ON

Study of Wearable Internet of Things

By

Ms Lochan Bisne

Under the guidance of

Prof M.M. Parmar

 Introduction
The Concept of Wearable Technology and Internet of Things:
Internet of Things:
- Network of physical objects or things connected to internet.
- Things embedded with electronics, software, sensors and connectivity .
- Cisco estimates the IoT will consist of 50 billion devices connected to the
Internet by 2020.
- Wide range of application.
- Wearable's , second highest Internet of Things application.

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 Wearable Devices: Electronics that can be worn on the body, either as an
accessory or as part of material used in clothing.
Example: Google Glass
Can be operated naturally and effortlessly by the human when worn.

By 2018, it is estimated that wearable device market will exceed 12.6

billion US dollars.

Emergence of wearable device is giving a new dimension to IoT, known as

Wearable Internet of Things (Wearable IoT).
Example: Fitbit Activity Tracker

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 Literature Survey
Sr. No. Title/Author Publication Objective of Paper

1. Wearable Internet of IEEE, International 1. This paper seeks to define

Things : Concept, Conference on Wireless the concept of WIoT.
Architectural Mobile Communication 2. Discuss the building blocks
Components and and Healthcare - of WIoT.
Promises for Person- "Transforming 3. Focus is on use of WIoT in
Centered Healthcare , healthcare through healthcare.
Shivayogi Hiremath, innovations in mobile
Geng Yang . and wireless
technologies" , Nov 2014

2. Wearables, Implants, IEEE Transactions on 1. This paper discuss about

and Internet of Things: Multi-Scale Computing wearables, implants and IoT
The Technology Needs Systems , Jun 2016 devices.
in the Evolving 2. The technology needs for
Landscape, enabling the device and
Sandip Ray . platform explosion.

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 Sr. No. Title/Author Publication Objective of Paper

3. Running on data, Deloitte Review, Jan 1. This article describes the

Activity trackers and 2015 basics of Activity trackers ,
Internet of things, Iot (layers) and challenges .
Thomas Davenport and
John Lucker.

4. "Setting the scene: International Conference 1. Provides an overview of

Mobile and wearable of the IEEE Engineering commonly available MWT
technology for managing in Medicine and Biology (Mobile and Wearable
healthcare and Society , Aug 2015 technology).
wellbeing, 2. Issues and challenges related
J. D. Amor and C. J. to MWT
James

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 Sr. No. Title/Author Publication Objective of Paper

5. An Emerging Era in the IEEE Journal of 1. Parkinsons disease is a

Management of Biomedical and Health chronic and progressive
Parkinsons disease: Informatics , Jul 2015 movement disorder.
Wearable Technologies 2. This paper suggest use of
and the Internet of wearable sensors to collect
Things , Cristian F. data and connect them to
Pasluosta, Member, medical database.
Heiko Gassner. 3. Data collected are used to
quantify patients gait.

6. Security challenges for 4th International Forum 1. This paper discusses IT- and
wearable computing on Applied Wearable information security
a case study , John Computing (IFAWC), challenges for wearable
Lindstrm 2007. computing .

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Sr. No. Title/Author Publication Objective of Paper

7. Security in Wearable IEEE Network , Oct 1. This article gives an

Communications, 2016 overview of security
Shengling Wang, concerns for typical
Rongfang Bie. wearable applications.
2. Reviewed the state-of-the-
art research and state-of-the-
practice development for
security in wearable
computing in both industry
and academia.

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 Objectives
The main goal / objectives is

To study the basic concepts of Wearable Internet of Things (WIoT)

1. Functional Block-Diagram of WIoT.
2. Advantage, Applications and Technological challenges faced by WIoT.
To simulate a real time scenario for wearables using Network Simulator-2 .

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 Architecture of WIoT

Wearable Body Area Sensors (WBAS)

- Frontend components of WIoT
- Collect sensor data
- Prepare the data for onboard analysis
and decision support

Interconnected Gateways
- Consist of communication technology
(Bluetooth /Wifi/GSM)
- have storage capacity/ Memory

Cloud support
- used for data analytics

Figure 1: Functional Block diagram of WIoT. [1]

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 Key Attributes
Ergonomic, easy to use
Longer battery life
Hands-free monitoring
- Voice/Gesture controlled
Connectivity
- Wifi/Bluetooth/ NFC
Data security
Mobile App ecosystem

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 Technology Challenges
I. Power and Energy efficiency
1. Miniature form factor , little space to accommodate
sufficient energy storage.

2. Aggressive reduction in size imposes serious limits on battery

capacity.

3. The batteries used in wearables, provide up to a few hundreds of mAh.

(225 mAh CR2032 coin-cell battery).

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 Solutions for Power and Energy efficiency challenge

1. Energy optimization techniques.

a. Power Gating
- Efficient way to reduce leakage power.
- If a block is not used, it is powered down, greatly reducing
power.

b. Sampling frequency scaling

- reduce power consumption by varying the amount of
processing based on the input signal.
- When the input signal has no perceptible high frequency
components, the system can reduce its sampling rate.

c. Configurable operational mode

- use of active, low, ultra low power operational mode.

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 Solutions for Power and Energy efficiency challenge

2. Energy efficient collaborative sensing / processing

- wearables operate as smart peripherals of mobile phones.
- part of the data sensing/processing task can be offloaded to mobile
phone to minimize the energy use of wearables .
- reduces daily energy consumption by 29% over previous discussed
energy optimization technique.

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II. Lack of Data privacy and security
IoT makes privacy and security the top challenges in wearables.

Factors that contribute security attack :

a) Unsure transmission of data Bluetooth for local device storage.
b) Software communication to the Cloud via a cellular or Wi-Fi
network.
c) Insecure data storage on Cloud.
d) Lack of authentication and authorization and
e) Lack of physical security controls

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 Solutions for Data privacy and security

I. Security Solutions in Industry Standards

1. The security level of wearable communications is selected during the

association process.
IEEE standards that are applicable to the communications among wearable
devices :
a. IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) :
Three security modes:
- No Security
- Service Level Security (providing authentication, confidentiality, and
authorization)
- Link Level Security (providing authentication and confidentiality)

b. IEEE 802.15.3 (proposed for UWB transmissions)

Two security modes:
- mode 0 (neither secure membership nor payload protection)
- mode 1 ( Provide authentication ,integrity , confidentiality )

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 Solutions for Data privacy and security
c. IEEE 802.15.6 (defines short-range wireless wearable
communications )
Three security levels
- Level 0 (no security)
- Level 1 (only authentication)
- Level 2 (authentication and encryption)

II. Security Studies in Academic Research

The mainstream research focuses on
a. key generation/key agreement
1. Strength of cryptographic system depends on key.
2. IPI is a popular technique for key generation/key agreement.
3. IPI differ significantly between individuals.
b. access control and authentication protocols
1. Use of Role-Based access control for wearables

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III. Design Constraints
1. Wearable item reflects the fashion trend of the users.
2. Manufacturers are focused on technology rather than on design.
3. Run on processors and components that are designed for smart phone.

III. Latency and Reliability issue

1. Internet connection is subject to latency and reliability issues .
2. Same challenges will be faced by devices connected to it.
3. Potential for delays in response and for our requests and commands to
go missing altogether.

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 Why Wearables?
Pros of Wearable Technology
Quick and Easy access to Information
More Immediate
Can help in Multitasking
Increases Engagement with the Environment
Consolidation

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 Applications
Lifestyle includes Smart Watches, Smart Glasses and Devices used for
Voice and Video calling, Gesture Control, etc.
Entertainment Devices used for augmented reality, smart gloves, gesture
controlled devices, etc.
Medical Devices used for Cardiac Monitoring, Hearing Aid, Bionics,
Remote monitoring of Patients, etc.
Fitness Devices used for measuring heart rate, distance travelled, skin
temperature, etc.
Gaming Devices that use augmented reality for gaming.
Industrial Devices that help in Hands-Free and Remote operation for
business and industrial purposes.
(Some devices can fall into more than one Category.)

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 Simulation
Wearable IoT is widely used in "Health Care".
In health care real-time analysis is of particular importance.
Proper care requires timely reaction to the changing conditions and
symptoms of a particular person.
Real time scenario for Wearable IoT is created using Network Simulator-2.
Scenario consist of
1. Wearable device or smartphone (Node0 and Node4)
2. Three servers (Server1, Server2 and Server3 sending and receiving data
to and fro from wearable device.

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 Figure 2: Flow chart for real time scenario Figure 3: Real time scenario for Wearable IoT
for Wearable IoT. in NS2.
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 Figure 4: Throughput Vs Time graph
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 Conclusion
Wearable technology devices form a major part of the Internet-of-Things (IoT),
expected to have a far reaching influence in various fields.
Wearable Technology is a field of immense scope & potential.
To achieve multidimensional success, WIoT needs not only to overcome the
technical challenges .
Within the next few years, we can expect entirely new modes of human - device
interaction.

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 References
1. Shivayogi Hiremath, Geng Yang , Wearable Internet of Things : Concept, Architectural
Components and Promises for Person-Centered Healthcare , International Conference
on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare - "Transforming healthcare through
innovations in mobile and wireless technologies" , Nov 2014 .
2. Sandip Ray, Wearables, Implants, and Internet of Things: The Technology Needs in the
Evolving Landscape,IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems , Jun
2016 .
3. Thomas Davenport and John Lucker, Running on data, Activity trackers and Internet
of things, Deloitte Review , Issue 16, Jan 2015.
4. J. D. Amor and C. J. James ,"Setting the scene: Mobile and wearable technology for
managing healthcare and wellbeing,International Conference of the IEEE Engineering
in Medicine and Biology Society , Aug 2015.
5. Cristian F. Pasluosta, Member, Heiko Gassner,An Emerging Era in the Management
of Parkinsons disease: Wearable Technologies and the Internet of Things , IEEE
Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics , Jul 2015

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6. Junaid Mohammed , Abhinav Thakral,Internet of Things: Remote Patient
Monitoring Using Web Services and Cloud Computing , IEEE International
Conference on Internet of Things, 2014.
7. James Williamson,Qi Liu,Fenglong Lu, "Data sensing and analysis: Challenges
for wearables", Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), Jan 2015.
8. J Lindstroem, "Security challenges for wearable computing - a case study ,
Applied Wearable Computing (IFAWC),4th International Forum on, Apr 2007.
9. Shengling Wang, Rongfang Bie, "Security in wearable communications", IEEE
Network,Vol. 30, Issue 5,pp. 61-67, 2016.
10. W.R. Dieter, S. Dutta , Power Reduction by Varying Sampling Rate ,
International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2005.
11. http://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT
12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_gating
13. https://securityintelligence.com/the-security-and-privacy-of-wearable-health-and-
fitness-devices/
14. www.nairaland.com/3011974/characteristics-wearable-devices
15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearable_technology
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THANK YOU