, 3, 2016, 1 - 10

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.

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l .
. -
:
mgl
0 , (1)
I
I , .
.
: 2 mgl / I . ,
, :
A cos t . (2)
2 / , : 2 I / mg .

,
.
.
:
2

I mgl
. (3)
2
,
1. 1/4
.
.

1
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.)
,
( 1.).
1. .

, mT 1 ,
lT 1 . ( mT 2 , lT 2 )
(
).

. ,

( m L , lTL ). ,
:
mT 2 lT 2 mL lTL mT 1 lT 1
. (4)
mL mT 1 mT 2
tn
n (20 50)
tn / n .
,
: I mg / 2 2 .

f
I f .

: I I o m2 .
.
l
:
 3

I I o ml 2 Io l
2 2 2 . (5)
mgl mgl mgl g
( ),
. , . , ,
( ),
, . .

()
.
.

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( 2.),

()
(

).

,

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l , ro ,

(
).
2. . (
).
: M c ,
c .
:
2 I / c , (6)
I . :
4 2
c I . (7)
2
E s ,
:
M Es 4
c ro . (8)
2l
4 . , .

,
. ,

, .
2. :
2M 2 Es 4 2 Es 4
c ro ro . (9)
2 l / 2 l
c , :
l 2 l
Es 4
c 2 4 I . (10)
2 ro T ro

. L m,
: I 1 / 12 mL2 .
mt : I t mt d 2 , d
. :
1
I mL2 2mt d 2 . (11)
12

.
,
.

,
().
( ) : F bx ,
:
mx kx bx . (12)
o , ( k mo2 ).
: b 2m . :
x 2 x o2 x 0 . (13)
o .
o , -.
:
x t Ao exp t sin t . (14)
 5

o .
: 2 o2 2 .
: A t Ao exp t .
,
:
A t
k exp T . (15)
A t T
:
:
A t
ln k ln T . (16)
A t T

.

(
),
,


.


.
3. .
.
.
( t 0 : A Ao ) .

.


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-
, -
.
4.

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- 4.
, - .
,
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(
). (
) ,
.
F
o .
:
f Fo cos F t . : f x
: f x . ,
:
mx x x Fo cos F t . (17)
: k / m / m 2 , Fo / m f o
o2
. , :
x 2 x o2 x f o cos F t . (18)
.


( o .
. :
x Ao exp t cos F t x p . (19)
,

. : x p A cos F t .
,
:

A o 2 F 2 cos 2A F sin f ;

A o 2 F 2 sin 2AF cos 0 . (20)
:
2 F
tg , (21)
o 2 F 2
( )
:
f
A
o
2

F 2 4 2 F 2
. (22)

, .
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:
F2 , r o2 2 2 . (23)
:
f
Ar . (24)
2 o2 2

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 9

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,
xo so ,
: mg k xo so .
,


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. 7. .

.

: k xo so R mgsin o .
: sin , : so R o .
o
:
..
I m' g kR x s . (25)
xo e e
:
..
m x k x s . (26)
, (
) .
:
k mg
o 2 , o 2 . (27)
m I

: s R . :
mR 2 I 1 , :
1
o 2 1 o 2 x ,
R
x o 2 x o 2 R . (28)
,
.
. , ,
s
.
,
.
10 . , .

28,
: 12 o 2 1 2 2 2 o 2 .
.
:

o 1 2 o 1 2 o
o A cos t cos o t ,
2 2
1 2 o 1 2 o
x xo x A sin o t sin o t . (29)
2 2

. A
f , :
t t
o A cos 2 cos 2 ,
A f

t t
x xo x A sin 2 sin 2 . (30)
A f



R.
:

8. .

( ).
:
2 2
x

x 1. (31)
A A
. ,
, .
.
 11

,

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8 ( ).

1. , . . , . ., , 1, ,
, 1969
2. , ., ., 1, , , 1970
3. ., , ., , , , 1977

School experiments on oscillations

Miodrag K. Radovi , Dragan . Radivojevi

Abstract: A few experiments on oscillation, which require bigger commitment from the
students in both performing the experiment and using mathematical knowledge is shown in this
paper. However, the laws of physics, which are visibly demonstrated, justify the invested effort. The
conditions of oscillation of physical pendulum and the the oscillation of torsion pendulum are
analyzed. Also the oscillation in the case when amortization due to the effect of compulsory periodic
force and coupled oscillation of two pendulums are analyzed too.

Key words: oscillation, pendulum, resonance