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EAPM UPit 1
EAPM UPit 1
EAPM UPit 1
si
Protectia Mediului
Adrian CLENCI, conf. dr. ing.
adrian.clenci@upit.ro
Eficienta = Keyword
Energie reciclata
Qrac
Qge
1/172
Economicitatea Autovehiculelor
si
Protectia Mediului
Adrian CLENCI, adi.clenci@upit.ro
MOBILITATEA RUTIERA.
2/194
Mobilitate rutiera. Mobilitate sustenabila
Autoturismul Ideal
? Economicitate, Autonomie ?
Sursa: ACEA
A. Clenci, adrian.clenci@upit.ro Economicitatea Autovehiculelor si Protectia Mediului curs AR IV 4/194
Mobilitate rutiera. Mobilitate sustenabila
Motorul Ideal
Tehnologie. Prestatii
? M.A.C./C.I.E. vs. M.A.S./S.I.E. ?
? N.A. vs. Turbo RAS ?
= Poluare chimica:
- emisii reglementate: CO, HC, NOx, PM, aldehide (numai in California) => afecteaza sanatatea
= Gaze cu Efect de Sera/Green House Gases (CO2, H2O, CH4, N2O, etc) => incalzire globala
Durata de via i potenialul de nclzire global al GES Sector de activitate Procentaj [%]
GES Durata de via [ani] PRG/100 ani Siderurgie 5.8
Dioxid de carbon (CO2) 50 200 1 Industrie 18.3
Vapori de ap (H2O) <2 8 Activiti casnice 21.6
Metan (CH4) 7 12 23 Alte activiti 11.3
Protoxid de azot (N20) 120 150 296 Agricultur 2.3
Clorofluorocarburi (CFmCln) 50 60 4600 14000 Transport 40.7
Hidrofluorocarburi (CHmFn) 14 16 12 12000 TOTAL 100
Sursa: Raport al Mission Interministrielle pour lEffet de Serre, Franta, 2008
From: To:
The EU 20-20-20 goals by 2020*: The new EU targets by 2030**:
20% increase in renewable energy 27% renewable energy use
20% increase in efficiency 27% increase in efficiency
20% decrease in GHG emissions 40% decrease in GHG emissions
*with respect to 1990 level **European Council conclusions of 23/10/2014 ,
with respect to 1990 level
next US goal:
80% reduction of 1990 level
by 2050
ACEA
JAMA
KAMA
Regulament EC No 443/2009
Sursa: ACEA
Cai de ameliorare
Euro3 Euro4
Euro4 Euro4
Euro5 Euro6
g/km g/km
(2000) g/km
(2000)
(2005) (2000)
(2009) (2014)
CO CO
0,64 0,5
CO
0,5 0,5
0,5 0,5
NOx NOx
0,5 NOx
0,25 0,25
0,18 0,08 tratament NOx
(extins/obligatoriu),
HC+NOx HC+NOx
0,56 0,3
HC+NOx
0,3 0,3
0,23 0,17 pinj > 2000 bar
PM Particles
0,05 Particles
0,025 0,025
0,005 0,005
PN = 6.1011 #/km
Instalarea sistemelor de post-tratare gaze arse este legata de severizarea normelor !!!
iar eficienta post-tratarii se masoara utilizand incercarile pe standul cu rulouri
Sursa: RTR
Image
1992 1993 = adaugarea componentei extraurbane EUDC (Extra Urban Driving Cycle), vmax = 120 Km/h
UDC + EUDC = NEDC
Timp[s]
t = 220C
sau
Numai M.A.S. t = -70C
3 tipuri de WLTC vor fi disponibile in functie de clasa autovehiculului, definita prin raportul Power/Masa [kW/tona]
Clasa 1: P/M 22
www.wikipedia.org
In-Service Conformity (EU) / In-Use Compliance Testing (US) with PEMS In-Use Legislation
Source: AVL
In-Service Conformity (EU) / In-Use Compliance Testing (US) with PEMS In-Use Legislation
[l/100 km]
In-Service Conformity (EU) / In-Use Compliance Testing (US) with PEMS In-Use Legislation
Legislation
Customer
Driving
Experience TCO WLTP
Vehicle Technology
Protectia Mediului
Adrian CLENCI, adi.clenci@upit.ro
37/172
Densitate energetica
Analiza critica a diverselor surse energetice dpdv densitate de stocare
@700 bar
Diesel fuel Compressed Hydrogen Lithium Ion Battery
6 kg H2 = 200 kWh Chem. Energy 100 kWh electrical energy
System
System System
System System
Fuel Fuel Cell
46 L 260 L
46 L 260 L 670 L
37 L 170 L 360 L
Source: GM
A. Clenci, adrian.clenci@upit.ro Economicitatea Autovehiculelor si Protectia Mediului curs AR IV 39/172
Densitate energetica vs. Autonomie
Source: ERTRAC Strategic Research Agenda
Protectia Mediului
Adrian CLENCI, adi.clenci@upit.ro
43/172
Motorul cu Ardere Interna - Definitie
70
40
today tomorrow
Source: GM
Le Monde:
- La communaut internationale se place sous une obligation de rsultat : celui de maintenir laugmentation de la temprature bien moins de 2C .
- Une hausse ne dpassant pas 1,5C implique selon GIEC une rduction de 70 % des missions de gaz effet de serre dici la deuxime moiti du sicle.
Car laccord de Paris montre quun long et minutieux travail scientifique, malgr toutes les critiques qui ont pu lattaquer, a fini par imposer
une vidence : les gosmes daujourdhui ne doivent pas menacer les gnrations futures.
Forbes:
All agree that carbon emissions have to be cut to contain global warming at 2C or less above pre-industrial levels, but the questions are
how, when and who does what with what resources, and even, is it enough?
M U L T U M E S C!
Hmm
camera de ardere
Ta gueule!... plaja
E.T. wants to
go home
Clenci, Universitatea din Pitesti
Ce caut aici ?!
54/145