Yös Math22

2017

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1
2017
" "
( - )
" "1 :
-1 :
*
0,1,2,3,.... -1 0,1,2,3,.... :
-2 ..., 3, 2, 1,0,1,2,3,.... :
*
..., 3, 2, 1,1,2,3,....
1,2,3,....
..., 3, 2, 1
CBA A 10B 100C -2 :
-3 :
.
:
.
" "2 :
!n n n 1 n !2 & !n n n !1 & !n n .(n 1) ... 2 1
! k n m k m n A :
n
!K ! L
J + K L mn A -1 :
!J
-2
" "3 :
: T -1
ab ,cde t
a.t 1 b .t 0 c .t 1
d .t 2
e .t 3
abcd t
d .t 0 c .t 1 b .t 2 a.t 3
T
: T -1
2
2017
sn n 1
1. n 1
" "4 :
n 2
: 1 1 ... n : a -1
n 1 n 1
sn 1 1 ... n 1.
n 2
n n 1
1 2 3 ... n )1 :
2
2 4 ... 2n n n 1 )2 :
1 3 ... 2n 1 n2 )3 :
1 1
..., 4, 3, " "5 ,0,1, ,3,... :
2 2
1 * 1 1 1
..., 4, 3, & ..., 4, 3, ,1, ,3,... & 1, ,3,...
2 2 2 2
-1 :
a
a c b a d a c a c
: -2 : -1 :
b d c b c b d b d
d
a c a d c b
-3 :
b d b d
abcdefg abcd
ab ,cd efg -2 :
99900
-3 :
-4 : . ( . )
a m a m
a m
a
:
3
2017
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4
2017
" "
" "1 :
n n n n
n n :
2 2 2
y y2 2 y y 2
y2 2 y
2
y2 y y
3 3 3
y y3 3 y2 3 2
y y 3
y3 3 y2 3 2
y
3
y3 y 2
y2 y
3
y3 y 2
y2 y
" "2 :
b 2
,0 b 0
c 2
c 0
2
b c 0
( ) c b :
2
b c (m p )(n )k :
m p
n k
---------------------------
m k n .p b
2 2
K b L c H b c K L H

5
2017
" "3 :
3 2
) 0,1, 1,2, 2 ( b c d 0 : -1
3 2
m b c m d -2
2
( () m ) 0
2 3 2
( b )c 0 b c 0 -3
" "4 :
a c a c a b
k a k d &c k d a d & b c
b d b d c d
a c m a n c a c a c
k k k k
b d m b n d b d b d
a c m a n c a c a c
k k k k2
b d m b n d b d b d

6
2017
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7
2017
" "
:" 1"
0 m n m n
1 . :
m
m m
n
m n
.y m .y
m m
1 m
y
y m
y ym
m n
ym yn m n
m .n

yn k
n k y m:
ym m

y m j
m j y & y m:
m
yn m n 0
m
yn m n 0
m m
m n m
n n n
& n n A B 0 A 0&B 0 :
n
n n n y n y
n y y
n m n
n 2 y m n ;
n y y y m n
k m
n k
ymz nk m
ym c m n m n

4 1 1
... ... 1 , ( 1)
2
4 1 1 ... , ( 1)
...
2
n n 1 n
:n :n :...
n n
... n 1

8
2017
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9
2017
" "
" "1 :
-3 -1 -2
2
b c 0 :
b 2
,0 b 0
c 2
c 0
2
b c 0
b2 4 c :
b b
1 & 2 : 0
2 2
b
1 2 : 0
2
b b
1 1 & 2 : 0
2 2
c b
1 2
1 2
1 2
:
( ) c b :
2
b c (m p )(n )k :
m p
n k
---------------------------
m k n .p b
K b L c H

2
b c K 2
L H
11
2017
" "2 :
.1
.2
.3
n m
.4
( n ) m 1
( n ) m 1
: ( ) ( ) .5
" "3 :
, 0
0 , 0 -1
, 0
y 0 0 & y 0 -2
y y y -3
y y & y -4
2
& 2n n
;n>2 -5
y
y -6
y
y
y -7
y

11
2017
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12
2017
" "
" "1 :
!n n n 1 n !2 & !n n n !1 & !n n .(n 1) ... 2 1 .1 :
0! 1 & 1! 1
!m
) p (m , m !m & )p (m ,0 1 ) p (m , n .2 :
!) (m n
(m n )1 m ) c (m , n !m
) c (m , n ) c (m , n .3 :
!n n ! (m n )! n ! (m n )! n
m m n
m & 1
1 m 1 0
n k n n n n
) c (n , r ) c (n , k & ... 2n
n r k 0 1 2 n
A E & B " "2 : E ) n (E E
: A B : A B
: A B : A B
: A \B : A B
A A A & A A A
A A & A & A E E & A E A
A (B )C (A B) C) & A (B )C (A )B) C
A (B )C (A B ) (A BC ) & A (B )C (A B ) (A ) BC
) n (A ) n (E ) n (A
n (A )B ) n (A n (B ) n (A )B
) n (A \ B
) n (A n (A )B
n (A ) B
n (A )B n (A ) B n (A )B n (A ) B
) (A A
13
2017

P (A ) : " 3"

: " 4"
I( ) -1
f ( ) c -2
n n 1
f ( ) n n 1 ... 1 b : f ( ) b -3
1
f (a ) d f (b ) d
a b c 1
f f (b ) e f (e ) b -4
d e f 1
f (c ) f f (f ) c
1
f ( ) y f (y ) : f ( ) b -5
: -6
(fog )( ) f ( g ( ))
(fog )( ) ( gof )( )
1
(fog )( ) h( ) g )( ) f (h ( ))
(foI )( ) (Iof )( ) f ( )
(fog )oh ( ) fo ( goh )( )
1 1
(fof )( ) (f of )( ) I( )
) n y (y (mod n ) : MOd " 5"
u v (mod m ) y (mod m ) :
y u v (mod m )
y u v (mod m )
n
y n (mod m )
0 y (mod m )
kn k 0(mod m )

y (mod
m) y (mod m )
14
2017
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15
2017
" "
n n 1
) (p n n 1 ... 1 b " "1 :
n n 1
)) ( der ( p n ) (p n n 1 ... 1 b :
n m )) ( der (P )) ( n & der (Q m
) ( der P ( ) Q n m
) (P
der n m
) (Q
) ( der P ) (Q n
n n 1
) (P n n 1 ... 1 c
n n 1
) (Q bn bn 1 ... b1 d
) (P ) (Q n bn , n 1 bn 1 , c d
6 " "2 :
" "3 :
: 7
2
) ( f b c
2
a b : c 0
1 2 +
) ( f a 0 a 0 a
0
+
) ( f a 0 a

16
2017
" "4 :
b 4 c b2 2
) (r , k ( , ) b c 0 -1
2 4
0 -2 0 -1

y ( r )2 k y ( 1 )2 y ( 1 () 2 )
2
b c m n -2

17
2017
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18
2017
" "
- :
" "1 ( ) :
D R
( R D )
180
2 k ) (mod 2 360 )(mod360 : Mod
" "2 :
: sin
sin : 1, 1 , sin

: cos
C

cos : 1, 1 , cos
b
A c B
: tan
3
tan : \ , tan
2 2
: cot
cot : \ ,2 tan

:
0
90o 60o 45o 30o
2 3 4 6
1 3 2 1 0 sin
2 2 2
0 1 2 3 1 cos
2 2 2

19
2017
:

2 3 3 0
2 2 2 2
sin
cos
tan cot

( k ( k -
2
( k ( k -
cos( ) cos( ) sin( ) sin( ) -
:
:
sin cos 1
tan = & cot = tan cot tan 1
cos sin cot
cos 2 sin 2 1
1 1
s ec cos ec
cos sin
:
A
sin( b ) sin(c ) & cos( b ) cos(c )
b
c R b c b c
sin sin & cos cos
C 2 2 2 2
B
:
b c
2R
sin A sin B sin C
1 1 1
A (ABC ) b sinC c sin B c b sin A
2 2 2
b c 2 b c cos A c b 2 b cosC
2 2 2 2 2 2
b 2 2 c 2 2 c cos B
b c
b c tan
2
b c b c
tan
2

21
2017
:
) ( sn ( b ) sin cos b cos sin b
) ( cos( b ) cos cos b sn sin b
tan tan b
tan( b )
1 tan tan b
cot tan b 1
cot( b )
cot b cot
:
cos(2 ) cos 2 ( ) sin 2 ( )
sin(2 ) 2sin( ).cos( )
1 cos(2 )
cos 2 ( ) & cos(2 ) 2cos 2 ( ) 1
2
1 cos(2 )
sin 2 ( ) & cos(2 ) 1 2sin 2 ( )
2
cot 2 ( ) 1 2 tan
cot(2 ) & tan(2 )
2cot( ) 1 tan 2
:
cos(3 ) 4cos3 ( ) 3cos( )
sin(3 ) 3sin( ) 4sin 3 ( )
:
b b
sn snb 2 sn ( ) cos( )
2 2
b b
cos cosb 2 cos( ) cos( )
2 2
b b
cos cos b 2 sn ( ) sn ( )
2 2
sin( b )
tan tan b
cos cos b
sin( b ) sin( b )
cot cot b cot cot b
sn snb sn snb
:
1
sn snb cos( b ) cos( b )
2
1
cos cos b cos( b ) cos( b )
2
1
sin cos b sin( b ) sin( b )
2
1
cos sin b sin( b ) sin( b )

2
21
2017
: " 3"

arc sin(sin ) 1,1 , y , y arc sin sin 1 sin y )1
2 2
arccos(cos ) 1,1 , y 0, y arccos cos 1 cos y )2
arctan(tan ) , y , y arctan tan 1 tan y )3

2 2
arccot(cot ) , y 0, y arccot cot 1 cot y )4
: " 4"
2 k
1- cos( ) cos( )
2 k
cos( ) 1 2 k
:

cos( ) 0 k cos( ) 1 2 k
2
2 k
2- sin( ) sin( )
2 k

sin( ) 1 3 2 k
2
:

cos( ) 0 k cos( ) 1 2 k
2

22
2017
: -
" "1 :
i 1 z yi :
Im(z ) y Re( z )
z 2 y 2 z yi :
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 )3 z z & z z )2 z z z ) 1
1 1 z1 z1
zn z
n
)6 )5 )4
z z z
2 z2
z yi z yi :
z 1
z 2 z1 z 2 )3 z 1
z 2 z1 z 2 )2 z z ) 1
z1 z1
z z 2 y 2 )5 )4
z2 z2
yi
bi ( )
bi
: ) (i
) 1(mod 4

) i(mod 4
in
)1(mod 4
) i(mod 4

" "2 z yi r (cos sin ) r cis :
y y
cos sin = tan -2 r z -1
r r
z 1 r1 cis1 & z 2 r2 cis2 :

z 1 r1
) z 1n r1n cis (n ) cis (1 - 2 ) z 1 z 2 r1 r2cis (1 +2
z 2 r2
:
:
w z n
z yi w a bi n
z z
w 0,1 i :
2 2

23
2017
:
z r (cos( 2 k ) sin( 2 k )) n w

1
1 1
w n z r n cos ( 2 k ) i sin ( 2 k ))
n n
( 0 , 1) ( 0) f ( ) y log : " 3"
: -
log ( ) 1
log ( ) y y
e 2,71 loge ln : " 4"

24
2017
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25
2017
" "
n

k 1
k 1 2 ... n :" 1"
:
n n n n n

k 1
k k
k 1
(
k 1
k y k ) k y k
k 1 k 1

n m n n
k k
k 1 k 1

k m 1
k (1 m n ) n
k 1

n m n n

k 1
k k
k 1

k m 1
k (1 m n ) n
k 1

n m q

k r
k
k r q
k
:
n
n (n 1)
k
k 1
1 2 ... n
2
n
(2k 1) 1 3 5 ... (2n 1) n

k 1
2
2k
k 1
2 4 6 ... 2n n (n 1)
n
n (n 1)(2n 1)
k
k 1
2
1 4 9 ... n 2
6
n (n 1)
n 2

k 1
k 1 9 27 ... n
3
6

3
n
1 r n 1
r k 1 r r 2 ... r n
k 0 1 r
n
1 1 1 1 1 n
k (k 1) 2 6 12 ... n (n 1) n 1
k 1
k k ! 1 1! 2 2! ... n n ! (n 1)! 1
k 1

26
2017
n
n (n 1)(n 2)
k (k 1) 2 6 ... n (n 1)
k 1 3
n
n (n 1)(n 2)(n 3)
k (k 1)(k 2) 6 48 ... n (n 1) (n 2)
k 1 3
n

k 1
k 1 2 ... n : " 2"
:
n n n n n n

k 1
k k
n
k 1
y
k 1
k k y k k
k 1 k 1

k 1
n

n
k k n n t
y k 1
n
y 0 k k t
k 1 k
y
k 1
k
k p k p t
n m n
k 1
k k
k 1

k m 1
k (1 m n )
:
n n n ( n 1)
n! r
k 1
k
r n
k
i 2 1 n 1
n n
log k (k 1) log p (n 1) 2
k p k 1 i 2n
S (n ) 1 n ... n N , f (n ) n : " 3"

f : N
r n 1 n r
n n n n
( y )n n y 0 n 1 y n 2 y 2 ... 0 y n : " 4"
0 1 2 2
( 3 y ) r A 5 B 4 y 1 C 3 y 2 D 2 y 3 E y 4 Fy 5 : .a
5
r 2 D 3 y 2 5r (3 y ) r : C
r
27
2017
5
D 3 y 2 3 (3 y )2 D 3 y 2 10 3 9 y 2 D 10 9 90
2
r p q r ( y z ) r
n!
(a by cz ) n (a by cz ) p q r ( ) p ( y )q (z ) r
p ! q ! r !
: " 5"
a11 a12 .....a1n

a21 a22 .....a2n
n m m n A m n :
: : :

am 1 am 2 .....am n
:
a b c a b c a a b b c c
d
e f d e f d d e e f f
g i g h i g g h h i i
h
0 0 0
O 3 0 0 0 : -
0 0 0

: -
1 0 0
1 0
I2 I 3 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1

:
a b a b
A det A A a d c b :
c d c d

28
2017
a b c
:
a b c a b c d e f
A d e
f det A A d e f g h i
g i
h g h i a b c
d e f
=(a e i b f g d h c ) (c e g b d i f h a )
:
A B A . B
1
A 1 An A
n

A
:
: .1
a b c a b c
d e f d e f
g i g h i
h
: .2
y b y b
z
r c d z c r d
A B B A
A B C A B C
O B B
( ) : .3

y b c y b d y
z : -
r c d z c r b z d r
: -
a b c a b c a a b d c g a b b e c h a c b f c k
d e f d e f d a e d f g d b e e f h d c e f f k

g h k g h k g a h d k g g b h e k h g c h f k k
:
29
2017
A B B A
A B C A B C
A B C A B A C
I B B I
A : .4
AT
(A B )t A t B t
(A B )t A t B t
(A t )t A
(k A )t k A t
A At
: .5
a b 1 d b
A A 1 a
:
c d det A c
a b c
A d e f :
g i
h
A11 A12 A13 y z

A A 21 A 22 A 23 t r t : -

A31 A32 A32 m n o
e f d f d e b c a c
A11 & A12 & A13 & A 21 & A 22
h i g i g i h i g i

a b b c a c a b
A 23 & A 31 & A 32 & A 32
g h e f d f d d
adj (A ) (A )t : -
1
A 1 adj (A ) : -

A
31
2017
/ : ""6
:

) P (
) P ( ) P (
)\ Q ( 1) :Q ( 1 0
) Q (
) Q (
P ( ) 0 ) P (
sin & cos

) e g (
) g (
g ( ) 0 log g ( )
g ( ) 0 2n ) g (

2 n 1 ) g (
: ) D ( f ) ( :
) f ( ) f ( ) D ( ) D (
: ) D ( f ) ( :
) f ( ) f ( & ) D ( ) D (
:
) f ( f ( ) 0
f ( )
) f ( f ( ) 0
1. f ( ) 0
2. ) ( f (, ) ) ( f
3. ) ( f (, ) f
) (
31
2017
f ( )
4. f ( ) ,( )
f ( )
5. f ( ) g( ) f ( ) g( )
f ( ) f ( )
6. g( ) 0
g( ) g( )
b f ( )
7. b ,b f ( ) b
f ( ) b

32
2017
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33
2017
" "
: " 1"
lim f ( ) lim f ( ) f ( ) : .1

lim f ( ) / lim g ( ) k : .2

lim f ( ) g ( ) lim f ( ) lim g ( ) k lim f ( )

n n

lim f ( ) g ( ) lim f ( ) lim g ( ) k lim f ( )

f ( )

lim
g ( ) g ( ) k

lim

lim n f ( ) n lim f ( ) n lim f ( ) lim f ( )

lim f ( )
lim h (f ( )) h ( lim f ( )) h ( )
lim f ( )

) 0 ( 0 - : .3

) ( -
0
a a 0
1
& 0< 1
& ()2n & ( ) 2 n 1 & ()n -
a 0 a

) 0 ( 0 - : .4

P ( ) n n n 1 n 1 ...... 2 2 c : ) 1
lim P ( ) lim n n
lim P ( ) lim n n
x x
n x x
n
lim P ( ) lim n n
x x

: ) 2
lim ln( ) lim ln() lim ln( ) 0 ln( )
0

0 lim 0 lim

ln( )

ln( 1) ln( 1) ln( ) 1

lim 1 lim 1 lim 0 lim 1 lim 1

0 0 ln( 1)

1 1
1 ln( )

lim ln( ) 0 lim

1
lim
1
lim
1

0
0 ln( ) 1 ln( ) ln( )

1
34
2017
lim e e 1 e : ) 3
lim 1 lim

0

lim e 0
lim .e 0
n

P ( ) n n n 1 n 1 ...... 2 2 c : ) 4
Q ( ) bm m bm 1 m 1 ...... b2 2 b c
f ( ) , g ( ) &

n m
P ( ) n
n m 0
lim lim n m
x Q ( ) x bm n
n m
bm

0

f ( ) x lim f ( )
lim

x g ( ) lim g ( )
x
0

f ( ) f ( ) 0

lim
g ( ) g ( )

0

P ( ) P ( )
lim
Q ( ) Q ( )
: ) 5
sin tan 1 cos 1
lim 1 lim 1 lim
0 0 0 2
2
:
cos(2 ) 2cos 2 ( ) 1 cos(2 ) 1 2sin 2 ( )
sin(2 ) 2sin( ).cos( )
: -1
lim f ( ) & lim g ( )
0 0
f ( ) h ( ) g ( ) lim h ( )
0

35
2017
: ) f ( ) g (
lim f ( ) - limg( )
0 0
limg( ) - lim f ( )
0 0
sin cos -
:
) f ( ) . g (
f ( ) 0
lim
) g (
0
) f ( ) . g (
.

. ) f ( ) . g (
f ( )
lim
) g (

) f ( ) . g (
n

b A B
lim f ( ) g ( )

.

b A 2 B c

A -1
2
A -2
2 2
lim f ( ).g ( ) 0.

) f ( ) g(
1 1
) g ( ) f (

36
2017
:
lim f ( ) 0

lim g ( ) lim 1 f ( )
g ( )
ek -1

lim f ( ) g ( ) k

& 00 lim y lim f ( ) y f ( )

g ( ) g ( )
-2
0

ln lim y ln lim f ( ) ln lim y lim g ( ) ln f ( ) t lim y e t

g ( )

: " 2"

n n 1
g ( ) n .g ( ). g ( )
n n 1
: -
n
n

n 1
0 : ) ( -
: -
sin g ( ) g ( ) cos g ( ) 2 cos g ( ) g ( )sin g ( ) 1
(f ) (f )
arccos(f ) 4 arcsn (f ) 3
1 (f ) 2 1 (f ) 2
(f ) (f )
arccot(f ) 6 arctan(f ) 5
1 (f ) 2 1 (f ) 2
f ( ) f ( ) g ( )
loga f ( ) loga e ln g ( ) : -
f ( ) ln a f ( ) g ( )
g ( ) g ( )
a g ( ) a
g ( ) g ( )
ln(a )
loga e
a e g ( ) e
g ( ) g ( )
: -
1 g ( )

1 1 n
n g ( ) g ( )n g ( ) n g ( ) g ( ) : -
n 2 g ( )
1 f ( ) 1 1
2 2 : -
f ( ) f ( )

37
2017
: -
g ( ).f ( ) g ( ).f ( ) g ( ).f ( ) :
f ( ) f ( ) :
g ( ) g ( ).f ( ) g ( ).f ( )
:
f ( ) f 2 ( )
g ( ) f ( ) g ( ) f ( ) :
f ( y
1
o )
1
:
f ( o )
g ( ) f ( ) :
: -
y f ( ) dy
dy dy dt dt v (t )
u (t )
d dt d d u (t )
y v (t )
dt
d 2 y y (t ) (t ) (t ) y (t )

d 2 (t )
3
dy F ( , y )
F ( , y ) F ( , y ) Fy ( , y ) ( F ( , y ) 0
d Fy ( , y )
) y F ( , y )
:

0
&
0
f ( ) f ( )
lim = lim
g ( ) g ( )
md f ( o ) tan : " 3"
( y y 0 ) md ( 0 )

1
(y y 0) ( 0 )
md
38
2017
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39
2017
" "
: " 1"
F ( ) f ( ) f ( )d F ( ) C :
d
d
f ( )d ( f ( )) f ( )
k f ( )d k f ( )d (k )
(f ( ) g ( ))d f ( )d g ( )d
n f ( )n 1
(f ( )) d
n 1
ad a c
f ( ) 1 1
d ln f ( ) c d ln a b c
f ( ) a b a
1 a
ea b
d e b
c
a
a
ad c a loga e c
ln(a )
1
sin(a b )d cos(a b) c
a
1
cos(a b )d sin(a b) c
a
1
cos ec 2 d d (1 cot 2 )d cot c
sin 2
1
s ec 2 d d (1 tan 2 )d tan c
cos 2
1
2
d arctan c
1

41
2017
1
d arcsin c
2
1
1 2
d (ln 1 )c
2
1
u dv u v v du :
Pn ( ) cos k d Pn ( ) snk d Pn ( ) e k d :
u n ( ) ( Pn ) ) ( Pn
dv ( ) ( Pn ) ) ( Pn Pn ( ) ln d :
e sin b d e cos b d :
) u e ( dv e
b
b
f ( )d F( )a ) F (b F (a ) :
a
:
b b
k f ( )d k f ( )d
a a
b b b
) (g f ( )d f ( )d f ( )d
a a a
a a a
g( )d 0 g( )d 2 g( )d
a a 0
b a
f ( )d f ( )d
a b
b c b
f ( )d f ( )d f ( )d a<c<b
a a c

41
2017
F( ) f (t )dt F ( )=f( )
a
u( )
F( ) f (t )dt F ( )=u ( )f(u( ))

a
u( )
F( ) f (t )dt F ( )=u ( )f(u( )) v ( )f(u( ))

v( )
b m b
f ( )d f ( )d f ( )d
a a m
f ( ) 0, m ,b f ( ) 0, a, m
A f ( ) g ( )d
a

42
2017
:
2
y2 r 2 -1
r
r r r r
a2 2
a sin t
r r2 r
f ( )
r 2 2
a2 a sec t
2 2 y r2 2
y r 2
a2 a tan t

43

Yös Math22

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Yös Math22

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2017

CBA A 10B 100C -2 :

!n n n 1 n !2 & !n n n !1 & !n n .(n 1) ... 2 1

!n n n 1 n !2 & !n n n !1 & !n n .(n 1) ... 2 1 .1 :

A E & B " "2 : E ) n (E E

A A & A & A E E & A E A

(fog )oh ( ) fo ( goh )( )

) n y (y (mod n ) : MOd " 5"

n m )) ( der (P )) ( n & der (Q m

arccos(cos ) 1,1 , y 0, y arccos cos 1 cos y )2

arctan(tan ) , y , y arctan tan 1 tan y )3

arccot(cot ) , y 0, y arccot cot 1 cot y )4

z 1 r1 cis1 & z 2 r2 cis2 :

( 0 , 1) ( 0) f ( ) y log : " 3"

e 2,71 loge ln : " 4"

(2k 1) 1 3 5 ... (2n 1) n

S (n ) 1 n ... n N , f (n ) n : " 3"

a11 a12 .....a1n

A11 A12 A13 y z

sin & cos

lim f ( ) g ( ) lim f ( ) lim g ( ) k lim f ( )

lim f ( ) g ( ) lim f ( ) lim g ( ) k lim f ( )

lim n f ( ) n lim f ( ) n lim f ( ) lim f ( )

ln( 1) ln( 1) ln( ) 1

lim ln( ) 0 lim

& 00 lim y lim f ( ) y f ( )

ln lim y ln lim f ( ) ln lim y lim g ( ) ln f ( ) t lim y e t

sin g ( ) g ( ) cos g ( ) 2 cos g ( ) g ( )sin g ( ) 1

g ( ).f ( ) g ( ).f ( ) g ( ).f ( ) :

md f ( o ) tan : " 3"

F( ) f (t )dt F ( )=u ( )f(u( ))

F( ) f (t )dt F ( )=u ( )f(u( )) v ( )f(u( ))

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