Chapter 3// Migration

Key issue 1, Where are migrants distributed?

Distance of migration
People migrate for three reasons: Economic
opportunity, cultural freedom, and environmental
comfort
Ravensteins laws for migrant distance are: Most
migrants relocate a short distance and remain
within the same country and Long distance
migrants to other counties head for major centers of
economic activity.
International and internal migration
International migration
A permanent move from one country to
another and are divided into two parts
Voluntary migration
When I migrant chooses to move.
Forced migration
When I migrant is compelled to move
Internal migration
Permanent move within the same country
Interregional migration
Movement from one region of a country to
another. EX: (Rural to Urban)
Intraregional migration
A movement within one region, EX: (Old cities
to suburbs)
International migration patters
About 9% are international migrants which is
when someone lives in a country other than
where they were born
Largest flows are; Asia to Europe,

U.S. immigration patterns

 Americas three main eras of immigration are;
Colonial settlements, Mass European immigration,
Asian and Latin American immigration.
U.S. immigration: Seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries
Immigration to American colonies and newly
independent United states came from these two
principle regions.
Europe
2 million Europeans migrated to the American
colonies and newly independent Unites States
Sub- Saharan Africa
About 400,000 Africans were shipped as slaves
to the American colonies than another
250,000
U.S. Immigration: Mid- Nineteenth to early twentieth
century
Between 1820 and 1920 32 million people
migrated to America
!840s and 1850s Ireland and Germany
Ireland and Germany increased migration from
20,000 to 200,000, mostly for political unrest.
1880s Scandinavia
Immigration increased to 500,000 per year
!905-1914 Southern and Eastern Europe
Americas immigration reached 1,000,000
U.S. Immigration: Late twentieth to early twenty-
first century
Asia
Americas number one leading immigration
sources
Latin America
Nearly 500,000 migrants

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 Key issue 2, Where do people migrate within a country?
Interregional migration
Migration between regions of the united states
Changing center population
Demonstrates the march of America
1790: Hugging coast
!800- 1840: Crossing the Appalachians
1850: - 1890: Rushing the gold
1900-1940: Filling in the Great Plains
1950-2010: Moving south
Migration between regions in the worlds largest
country
Helps with development
Migration between regions in the large countries

Intraregional migration
Attracts considerable attention
Migration from rural to urban areas
Migration from urban to suburban areas
Migration from urban to suburban areas

Key issue 3, do people migrate?

Reasons for migrating
Push and full factors
Political push and pull factors
Environmental push and pull factors

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 Migrating to find work
Economic push and pull factors
Europes migrant workers
Asias migrant workers
Characteristics of migration

Key issue 4, Why do migrants face obstacles?

Controlling migration
U.S. Quota laws
The maximum limit for immigration
Unauthorized immigration
Number of people allowed to immigrate
Characteristics of unauthorized immigrants
Mexicos border with united states
Attitudes towards immigration
Counries have mixed affairs
Characteristics of migration
Gender migrants
Age and education of migrants
Immigration d in the United states
Immigration concerns in Europe
Sources of European immigration
Opponents of immigration
Europeans as emigrants