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Gonzales&Rulona-effects of Diferent Colors of Light To Mongo's Growth
Gonzales&Rulona-effects of Diferent Colors of Light To Mongo's Growth
INTRODUCTION
the Tropic plays the major role to this fact. Aside from rice, Filipinos produce most of
the crops that they use to make food that they serve in their dining tables. In the
countryside, houses have different kinds of vegetables, fruits and root crops planted on
their backyards. Unfortunately, people living in urban places dont have backyards.
There are a few plants that will grow with only one light in a windowless office or a one-
room apartment whose single window faces into an air shaft. (House Plants, 1975)
Artificial lighting is the answer for almost any kind of plant that can be grown if
enough artificial light is provided, even in situations where no other light is available.
Artificial lights allow regular people to plant whole gardens in places where no plant
absorbs most red, orange, blue, and violet light. It reflects green and yellow light, giving
its body a green coloring. This statement got the researchers curious and wondered if
plants act differently to the green and yellow colors of light, then they should have
different reactions and effects to every color of light. (Capco C., Yang G., 2010).
2
This study aimed to find if there exist a significiant difference in the growth of
plants when exposed to different colors of light specifically red, yellow, green, blue, and
white. In this case, the researchers chose the mongo plant since it grows quickly and the
This study determined and compared the effect of different colors of light on the
1) What is the growth of the mongo seeds exposed to different colors of light and
This study aims to assess the growth of a mongo plant when exposed to different
colors of light specifically red, yellow, green, blue, and white and verify if there is a
terms of onset of true leaf and number of sprouts while number of leaves, sprout height
This study determines the effect of different colors of light to the growth of
minimizing the expenses but still having the same and more beneficial results. CEA
Common housewives that like gardening inside their house can benefit from this
study. They make it possible to grow healthy plants in any spot in the house as long as it
has an artificial source of light with the best color if light. The results of this study could
also help gardeners make plants grow healthier and flower abundantly by supplementing
colored lights. Businessmen more specifically flower shop owners could introduce
artificial lighting to their gardens to enhance growth. Farmers could apply artificial
lighting in their farms which could help them produce better rice, crops, fruits, vegetables
and etc.
This study is limited to the determination of the effect of the different colors of
light such as red, yellow, blue, green, and white on the growth of the mongo plant (Vigna
radiata) in terms of onset of true leaf, number of sprouts for mongo seeds and number of
leaves, sprout height and biomass for mongo sprouts. Simulation of artificial lights was
implemented using cold frames covered with colored water cellophane to suit the light
color needed then exposed to fluorescent lamp. Thirty seeds were assigned each to a cold
frame with a single color. Growth of mongo plant is monitored and recorded for a period
of two (2) weeks. The experimentations were done at the researchers home for the
G. Definition of Terms
the experimentation.
process.
Mongo Plant (Vigna radiata) It is the test subject of the experiment. It will
the experimentation.
Onset of true leaf This is the particular time that leaves may
artificial lights.
experimentation.
CHAPTER II
electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen by the human eye. It is also known as the
optical spectrum of light with wavelength ranging from approximately 400 mm to 700
mm. The perceived color is dependent on the wavelength of the light. We actually interact
with light in the form of white light which contains many or all of these wavelength
ranges within them. When shining white light passes through a prism causes the
wavelength to bend at slightly varying angles due to optical refraction. Therefore, the
resulting light is split across the visible color spectrum. This results to rainbow
characterized by airborne water particles acting as the refractive medium. The order of
wavelength is best remembered by Roy G Biv for Red, Orange, yellow, green, Blue,
When sunlight strikes the leaves of a plant, the light-wave energy is absorbed by
the chlorophyll. The chlorophyll absorbs most red, orange, blue, and violet light. It
reflects green and yellow, giving its body a green colorin. The idea that plants react
differently to different colors of light could be concluded. The use of artificial light was
Artificial lighting is any lighting that is not sunlight. Generally speaking, artificial
sodium vapor, halogen, compact fluorescent, etc. It can be turned on and off at a flick of a
switch. There are also very special types of artificial light for specific purposes like
infrared heat lamps, ultraviolet lights for plant growth. Although not sunlight, artificial
light still has the same effect to the plant during photosynthesis. The researchers would
7
use colors red, blue, green, yellow and white as basis for the colors of the water
Every transformation is an energy that occurs at the cellular and molecular levels.
In cells, there are two basic patterns by which organisms transform energy, the
chemical energy that can be used by cells. Green plants contain this type of cell.
Photosynthesis is a process by which living plant cells combine carbon dioxide and water
in the presence of chlorophyll and light energy. The light excites the electrons to receive
NADP and also splits water into oxygen and hydrogen. In the experimentation, the
primary key to the plant growth of the test subjects which is the mung bean is the light.
seed of vigna radiata which is native to India. These beans are small, ovoid in shape and
green in color. Mung bean seeds are either sprouted for fresh use or canned for shipment
to restaurants. The sprouts are high in protein about 21-28%, calcium, phosphorus and
certain vitamins. Because these beans can easily be digested it can replace scarce animal
protein in our diet. Due to its major use as sprout, a high quality seed with excellent
germination is required. The food industry prefers about 9-10 grams of fresh sprout for
each gram of seed. Larger seed characterized with glassy and green color is oftentimes a
preference.
8
In mung bean, both upright and vine type of growth habit occur with plants
varying from one to five feet in length. There are many kinds of mongo beans. The most
common varieties are the native and Imelda. The grains of the native/Imelda variety are
green and yellow. Retailers sell both green and yellow in the market place. In the
experimentation, the Imelda variety would be used since it is common and can be easily
bought in the market place. Mungbeans grow best on fertile sandy, loam soils with good
internal drainage; their growth is poor on heavy soils with poor drainage. They could be
planted on vegetable gardens, green houses, cold frames, etc. (Department of Agriculture,
2005)
Cold frames are less expensive than greenhouses, take up less space and are
cheaper to keep warm. Their main disadvantage is that the gardener works outside and
not inside in the warm and dry as with a greenhouse. In the vegetable garden, cold
frames are frequently used for producing winter or early crops of such vegetables as
carrots. The frame can be in a permanent position in the garden or moved, rather like a
large cloche, onto the vegetable bed itself. The vegetables can be grown either directly
in the soil or in growing bags. Another basic use is to afford protection and warmth to
9
trays of seeds or seedlings. The mung beans would be planted in the cold frame during
According to the study of Jungao and Omlero (2011), the researchers determined
the significant impact on plants growth when exposed to different genres of music. The
study aimed to know the best genre of music for growing plants by exposing mongo
plants to a genre of music changed weekly, the first week was classical music, second
week was jazz, third week was pop and the last was rock. The study concluded that jazz
is the best and rock music was not good for plants.
combinations of red components and high pressure sodium lamps and it was found out
that red and blue components are favorable for growth of lettuce. In respect to the
reference plants, content of nitrates in lettuce grown under the illumination in red was by
20% lower with no significant difference among treatments which were grown under the
illumination in blue. The results of this study confirmed that plant growth can be
illumination with spectrum consisting of two (2) components (one in red region and
another in blue region) when properly selected can be beneficial in respect to illumination
using conventional lamps. (Urbonaviit A., Pinho P., Samuolien G., Duchovskis P., Vitta
P., Stonkus A., Tamulaitis G., ukauskas A., and Halonen L, 2007 )
In the study of Whiting, (2007) it stated light quality refers to the color or
wavelength reaching the plant's surface. A prism (or raindrops) can divide sunlight into
respective colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. The study also
10
concluded that blue light is considered to be the primary responsible for vegetative leaf
From the different related studies, the information is gathered that it is possible
that the blue and red colors can greatly affect the growth of a plant. Another study says
that blue is responsible for leaf growth and red develops flowering. With these in mind,
the researchers focused on the impact on growth of mongo when exposed to different
colors of light.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
This study aimed to determine the different effects of the colors of light on the
growing plants by means of the looking on the growth of mongo seeds and sprouts. To
attain this, the researchers used two groups, the controlled group where a plant would
only be exposed to sunlight and the experimental group where water cellophane was used
to selectively provide necessary color. The water cellophane in this study has variations
of colors such as colors red, yellow, green, blue, and white. A plant was exposed just to
Since this study is concerned about the significant effects of a color of light to a
growing plant, the researchers observed the growth of the mongo plant weekly from the
11
very beginning of the experiment. Extraneous variables or factors that could affect on the
behaviour of the subject being studied were strictly maintained to be able to get the
desired data from this investigation. All subjects were watered everyday by 500mL of
water. The cold frame was placed outdoors to be exposed to the light for the whole day.
The plants were observed for two weeks to attain the said data.
12
Materials
or 1 kilo of Mongo seeds Cloth
1 kg Soil Marker
5 Water cellophanes (red, yellow, Measuring cup
Tape measure
green, blue and white)
6 Cold frames Water
Barbeque Sticks
Equipment
Analytical Balance
C. General Procedures:
Gathering of Materials
Water cellophane, barbecue sticks, and a kilo of mongo seeds were bought from
The researchers hired a carpenter to construct a cold frame with the dimensions
12x12x14 as shown in Figure 8 of Appendix A. The cold frame was filled with loam
soil. Loam soil is an equal mix or sand, silt, and clay which can make the plants grow
healthier. The soil in the cold frame were ensured equal in every pot so that it will not
affect the subject materials or the factor that is being tested. A cloth was divided into six
equal parts for the six set-ups. The cloth was assigned to specific colors of light. The
cloth was used as the place for the seeds to grow into sprouts.
The cold frames have holes or open parts at the side; the holes served as the
entrance of air for the plants to breathe. Each cold frame has different colored water
cellophanes: red, yellow, green, blue and white. The last cold frame was assigned to the
13
controlled group which is exposed to sunlight. If the color of the water cellophane is red,
this means that all other colors of light were reflected and only red is absorbed and will
Thirty (30) mongo seeds were selected for each cloth which means there are 180
mongo seeds for the five colors (red, blue, green, yellow and white) of light and sunlight
(control). Each seeds were laid on top of each cloth. Water was sprinkled to the seeds to
help them grow into sprouts. Observations were made for the whole day until it grows
into sprouts. After three (3) days of observation, the mongo seeds are now full blown
sprouts.
Among the thirty (30) seeds grown, five (5) best sprouts of nearly equal growth
were selected for the next part of experimentation. The other sprouts not selected were
removed from the cold frame. The five (5) selected sprouts were arranged in
approximately two inches away from one another to let the plants breathe in each of the
cold frame exposed to different color of light. Observations were made and recorded
Monitoring of Growth
After the preparation for the set-up for was done, the next task was to take care of
the plants. All the subject materials were watered equally everyday with 500mL of water.
The plants were exposed to light for a whole day until the seeds will grow into sprouts.
The number of sprouts and onset of true leaf for each cold frame were monitored and
When sprouts have grown, barbeque sticks were stuck on the soil beside each
mongo plant sample where markings of weekly height level were noted so as not to
disturbed plant growth while measuring their height. The barbeque sticks were then
removed at the end of experimentation and each markings per week recorded. Aside
from sprout height, the number of leaves was monitored and recorded every week while
the biomass was taken after the end of the experimentation by measuring mongo sprouts
The data gathered was analyzed and interpreted using appropriate tools. ANOVA
was used in order to know if there is a significant difference among results of sprout
height and biomass. Post-hoc analysis was done to verify which groups differ from the
rest. The Chi-Square test was also used to identify if there is a difference among results of
non-parametric data such as onset of true leaf, number of leaves, and number of sprouts.
15
Growth of seeds
assessment
Growth of seeds
assessment
Pick 5 sprouts for Put soil in the cold Assign colors and
each treatment. frame and plant the put water
seeds. cellophanes into
Observe and record Monitor growth, each frame.
Sunlight will
data. water the plants change in color
with 500mL of when passing in the
Figure 2. Flowchart water everyday frames glass.
16
CHAPTER IV
In this chapter, the results of the gathered data from the experiment are presented
to compare the effects of different colors of light on growth of mongo. The discussions
of the results of the analyzed data are also presented in this chapter. The results are
shown in graphs and tables to provide easy explanations and easy visuals. The raw data
The growth of mongo seeds into sprouts by just letting them rest on a piece of
cloth and exposing them to different colors of light: sunlight, white, red, green, blue and
yellow were monitored. The researchers recorded and analyzed the onset of true leaf and
the number of leaves of the sprouts in every set-up as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
Color of Light
17
the plants exposed to light in which the colors were yellow, red, green, and white
appeared on the third day or until 72 hours of the experiment. The first leaf of the plants
exposed to light in which the colors were blue and sunlight only grew until the fourth day
the groups with the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the
groups against the alternative hypothesis that there is a significant difference between the
groups. Using an alpha at 0.05 level of significance, the critical value is 11.071 since
there are 6 different groups. Based on the data gathered, the test value is 9.6 which is less
than the critical value thus there is not enough evidence to support the claim that there is
Number of Sprouts
12
10
8
6
Day 3
Number of Sprouts 4 Day 4
2
0
Color of Light
Figure 4 represents the data gathered of the experiment. No seed grew into sprout
until the third day of the experiment. On day three, the seeds exposed to the light in
which the colors were white, red, green and yellow grew: white which has four sprouts
grown; red which has two sprouts grown; green where only a seed grew and yellow
where three seeds grew into sprouts. On the fourth day, sunlight has one sprout; white has
11; five sprouts grew in the set-ups which have red, green and blue light; and yellow has
10 sprouts.
the groups with the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the
groups against the alternative hypothesis that there is a significant difference between the
groups. Using an alpha at 0.05 level of significance, the critical value is 11.071 since
there are 6 different groups. Based on the data gathered, the test value is 11.15 which is
more than the critical value thus there is enough evidence to support the claim that there
The growth of mongo sprouts was continually monitored for two (2) weeks. The
growth in terms of number of leaves and sprout height was recorded every week and
biomass taken after two weeks. Results are shown in Figures 5 and 6.
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1.5
1
Number of Leaves
0.5
Color of Light
experiment. Each group has five plants: trial one, trial two, trial three, trial four and trial
five. This was the result of the gathered data. All of the plants in each group have two
leaves.
Chi-Square test was used to identify if there is a significant difference between
the groups with the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the
groups against the alternative hypothesis that there is a significant difference between the
groups. Using an alpha at 0.05 level of significance, the critical value is 11.071 since
there are 6 different groups. Based on the data gathered, the test value is 0 which is less
than the critical value thus there is not enough evidence to support the claim that there is
Color of Light
Figure 6 represents the number of leaves of the plants on the second week of the
experiment. This was the result of the gathered data. All of the plants exposed to sunlight
and yellow had had 5 leaves. All of the plants exposed to the light in which the color was
white had five leaves except for T5. All of the plants in each remaining group in which the
light was colors red, blue and green have not yet grown another leaf from week one, they
the groups with the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the
groups against the alternative hypothesis that there is a significant difference between the
groups. Using an alpha at 0.05 level of significance, the critical value is 11.071 since
there are 6 different groups. Based on the data gathered, the test value is 12 which is more
than the critical value thus there is enough evidence to support the claim that there is a
Colors of Light
showed in centimetres (cm). The average sprout height of the plants exposed to red light
is 24.3cm; yellow light is 25.18cm, green light is 27.16, blue light is 27.08cm, white light
first week. The null hypothesis (Ho) that there is no significant difference among the
group where the subjects were exposed to sunlight to the groups where the lights used
were color white, red, green, blue and yellow was compared against the alternative
hypothesis (H1) that at least one group differs from the others.
The ANOVA table shows the p-value = 0.001. Since p-value is less than = 0.05,
then there is enough evidence to support the claim that at least one group differs. It would
22
then proceed to post-hoc analysis to determine which group differs. Table 2 compares the
Table 2. Posthoc Analysis on Statistical Tests for Sprout Height during 1st Week
Sunligh
White t Red Yellow Blue Red
19.12 20.10 24.30 25.18 27.00 27.16
White 19.12
Sunlight 20.10 .5676
Red 24.30 .0053 .0204
Yellow 25.18 .0015 .0061 .6075
Blue 27.00 .0001 .0004 .1234 .2925
Green 27.16 .0001 .0003 .1037 .2531 .9254
with red since the p-value=0.0053 which is less than =0.05. White is significantly
different with yellow since the result of p-value=0.0015 which is less than =0.05. White
is significantly different with blue their p-value=0.0001 which is less than =0.05. White
is significantly different with the green since the p-value=0.0001 which is less than
=0.05. Sunlight has a significant difference compared to red since the resulted p-
value=0.0204 which is less than =0.05. Sunlight has a significant difference compared
to yellow since the p-value=0.0061 which is less than the =0.05. Sunlight has a
significant difference compared to blue since the p-value=0.0004 which is less than the
=0.05. Sunlight has a significant difference compared to green since the p-value=0.0003
34
32
Average Sprout Height (cm)
30
28
Colors of Light
Figure 8 represents the averaged data on the sprout height after two weeks which
is showed in centimetres (cm). The average sprout height of the plants exposed to red
light is 32.96cm; yellow light is 37.02cm, green light is 32.32cm, blue light is 32.84cm,
ANOVA
table
p-
Source SS df MS F value
Treatment 92.243 5 18.4486 1.89 .1337
Error 234.344 24 9.7643
Total 326.587 29
The One factor ANOVA shows the different means and standard deviations of
each group. The group that is exposed to yellow has the biggest mean among the other
groups and it also has the least standard deviation. White has the smallest mean among
the other groups. Finally, red has the greatest standard deviation.
24
This is the ANOVA result conducted for the mongo plants sprout height of the
second week. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference among the group
where the subjects were exposed to sunlight to the groups where the light used were color
white, red, green, blue and yellow was compared against the alternative hypothesis that at
The ANOVA table shows the p-value=1.337 which is greater than =0.05. With
this result, we do not reject the null hypothesis (Ho) that there is no significant difference
among the group where the subjects are exposed to sunlight with the groups that are
Biomass
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
Average Biomass (g) 0.4
0.2
0
Colors of Light
Figure 9 represents the averaged data on the sprout height after two weeks which
is showed in centimetres (g). The average sprout height of the plants exposed to red light
is 0.79g; yellow light is 0.824g, green light is 0.824g, blue light is 0.844g, white light is
ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 2.2852 5 0.45705 19.63 8.91E-08
Error 0.5589 24 0.02329
Total 2.8441 29
This table represents the biomass of the plants of our experiment. These were the
results of the gathered data from week one. Each group which is exposed to different
colors of light has a corresponding group number: group one refers to sunlight, group two
pertains to white, group three refers to red, group four indicates green, group five pertains
One-way ANOVA was used to compare the null hypothesis that there is no
significant difference between the biomass of the plants exposed to sunlight from the
biomass of the plants exposed to light in which the colors were white, red, green, blue
and yellow against the alternative hypothesis that there is at least one groups biomass
Based in the results of the one-way ANOVA, it was shown in the ANOVA table
that the p-value is equal to 8.91x10-8, which is less than the level of significance = 0.05.
Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, there is enough evidence to support the
claim that at least one groups biomass differs from the other groups biomass. And so
On the post-hoc analysis, the groups were compared to identify the group that
differs. Sunlight is significantly different form red since the p-value is 1.28x10 -6 which is
less than =0.05. Sunlight is significantly different form green since the p-value is
3.01x10-6 which is less than =0.05. Sunlight is significantly different form yellow since
the p-value is 3.01x10-6 which is less than =0.05. Sunlight is significantly different form
blue since the p-value is 5.85 x10-6 which is less than =0.05. White is significantly
different form red since the p-value is 1.48x10 -6 which is less than =0.05. White is
significantly different form green since the p-value is 3.5x10 -6 which is less than =0.05.
white is significantly different form yellow since the p-value is 3.5x10-6 which is less than
=0.05. White is significantly different form blue since the p-value is 5.85x10 -6 which is
CHAPTER V
A. Summary
This study determined the effect of different colors of light on the growth of
mongo using both the seedlings and sprouts was decided. Mongo was used since this
plant grows fast. The seeds were observed for days until sprouts were grown. The onset
of true leaf and number of sprouts grown for each set-up were monitored and recorded.
The grown sprouts were then further monitored where height was recorded weekly and
number of leaves and biomass taken after a month. Simulation of artificial lights was
implemented using cold frames covered with colored water cellophane to suit the light
exposed to sunlight and blue light which only grew the next day. The plants exposed to
white light have the most number of sprouts and plants exposed to sunlight have the least
number of sprouts. The results showed that on week one, the sprout height of the plants
exposed to sunlight and white light was shorter than the other groups. On week two,
plants exposed to sunlight and yellow light have the most number of leaves and plants
exposed to red, blue, and green lights have the least number of leaves. The biomass of the
plants exposed to sunlight and white light is greater than the other groups.
B. Conclusions
Based on the results of the gathered data from the experiment, the researchers
1. The seeds started to grow into sprouts on the third and fourth day of the
experimentation.
2. The plants exposed to white light have the most number of sprouts and
3. On week two, plants exposed to sunlight and yellow light have the most
number of leaves and plants exposed to red, blue, and green lights have
terms of number of leaves: week two, biomass, sprout height: week one,
C. Recommendations
REFERENCES
Books:
Capco C., Yang G. (2010). Biology: You and the Natural World. Quezon Avenue,
Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 927
Internet Sources:
Derrick Anderson. (June 16, 2011). Building and Using Cold Frames in Your
Vegetable Garden. Retrieved from:
http://mangorevolution.com/98/househome/gardening/building-and-using-
cold-frames-in-your-vegetable-garden
Urbonaviit A., Pinho P., Samuolien G., Duchovskis P., Vitta P., Stonkus A.,
Tamulaitis G., ukauskas A., Halonen L. (2007). Effect of Short-
Wavelength Light on Plant Physiology. Retrieved
from:http://www.lightinglab.fi/enlighten/publications/internetui_akvile.pdf
Unpublished Research:
Jungao G., Omlero R. (2011). The Effect of Different Genres of Music to Mongo
Plants Growth. Integrated Developmental School, MSU-Iligan Institute of
Technology.
30
APPENDIX A
DOCUMENTATION
Figure 14. 3rd day of experimentation Figure 15. 4th day of experimentation
Figure 16. 1st week sprout experimentation Figure 17. Last week experimentation
32
APPENDIX B
DATA GATHERED
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Tave
Red 22. 19 24. 27. 28 24.3
3 5 7
Yellow 23. 24. 27. 22 28. 25.1
5 3 8 3 8
Green 24 27. 27. 27. 29. 27.1
2 6 1 9 6
Blue 24 28. 29. 26 27. 27.0
4 5 5 8
White 16. 16 20. 19 23. 19.1
7 7 2 2
Sunlight 19. 18 20 20 20 19.5
5
Table 10. ANOVA results for sprout height on the second week
One factor ANOVA
Std.
Mean n Dev
Sunligh
33.41 33.98 5 2.159 t
33.41 32.08 5 2.858 White
33.41 32.16 5 5.633 Red
33.41 32.34 5 2.924 Green
33.41 32.84 5 2.072 Blue
33.41 37.06 5 1.088 Yellow
33.41 30 3.356 Total
Color of Light
Color of Light
CURRICULUM VITAE
Sex: Female
FAMILY BACKGROUND
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
HONORS RECEIVED
Elementary Grade one: 3rd Honor; Grade two: with Distinction; Grade three: with
CURRICULUM VITAE
Nickname: Janjan
Sex: Male
FAMILY BACKGROUND
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
HONORS RECEIVED
Elementary Grade one: 2nd Honor; Grade two: 2nd Honor; Grade three: 2nd Honor;
Grade four: 1st Honor; Grade five: 4th Honor; Grade six: Valedictorian