Inspection Requirements 2016 - APK

APK Inspection requirements
ITEM PAGE NUMBER AND ADDITIONAL TESTING AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
GENERAL PROVISIONS page
Definitions inspection requirements generally article 1.1 5

Section 1. General 12
Section 1A. Determination characteristics vehicles 12
Definitions dimensions article 5.1a.1 12
Measurement wheelbase and dimensions article 5.1a.2 12
Determine number of wheels article 5.1a.3 12
Determine number of lamps article 5.1a.4 12
Measuring conditions of lighting article 5.1a.5 12
Section 1B General method of labels 13
Milieu article 5.1b.1 13
General article 5.1b.2 13
Dismounting article 5.1b.3 13
Specialties article 5.1b.4 14
REQUIREMENTS
In article applies to used .*. :
- passenger car: .*. = 2; 15
- commercial vehicle: .*. = 3; 49
- three wheeled motor vehicles: .*. = 5; 89
- trailers: .*. = 12. 117
Article page*=2 page*=3 page*=5 page*=12

Agreement vehicle data 5.*.1 15 49 89 117
Adjust lights, dipped 5.*.56 39 81 112 ---
Air-conditioning 5.*.49a 36 77 --- ---
Air System 5.*.49a 36 77 --- ---
Audible Devices 5.*.71 45 88 116 ---
Axle loads 5.*.7 17 51 91 120
Axles 5.*.18 24 59 97 122
Battery 5.*.12 21 55 94 ---

Bearings, bushes, bullets 5.*.19 24 61 97 122
Blinding lights 5.*.64 43 85 114 ---
Bonnet 5.*.41 33 71 107 ---
Boot lid 5.*.41 33 71 107 ---
Brake air pressure, force components 5.*.35 --- 67 --- 129
Brake air pressure, spring brake warning 5.*.34 --- 67 --- ---
Brake air pressure, stroke brake cylinders 5.*.36 --- 68 --- 130
Brake air pressure warning device 5.*.33 --- 66 --- ---
Brake delay parking brake 5.*.39 32 70 106 132
Brake delay operating brake 5.*.38 31 69 104 131
Brake, difference as a left right 5.*.38 31 69 104 131
Brakes, brake force trailer 5.*.40 --- --- --- 132
Brakes, break-loose brake 5.*.40 --- --- --- 132
Brakes, components and operation 5.*.31 30 65 103 128
Brakes, overbraking of the rear axle 5.*.38 31 69 104 131
Brakes, parking brake 5.*.39 32 70 --- 132
Brakes, parking brake delay 5.*.39 32 70 106 ---
Brakes, service brake deceleration 5.*.38 31 69 104 131
Brakes, service brake on all wheels 5.*.38 31 69 104 131
Braking pressure air (supply) pressure 5.*.37 --- 68 --- ---
Break-loose device 5.*.40 --- --- --- 132
Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

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Bull bar 5.*.50 36 77 --- ---
Bumper 5.*.49 --- 77 --- 133
Chassis Framework 5.*.3 16 50 90 118

CNG installation 5.*.10a 19 53 93 ---
CO levels 5.*.11 20 54 --- ---
Construction Sheet 5.*.1 --- 49 --- 117
Contour Marking 5.*.57 40 81 --- 137
Coupling 5.*.66 44 86 115 141
Coupling ball 5.*.67 44 86 115 141
Coupling dish 5.*.69 --- 87 --- ---
Coupling exceptional 5.*.70 --- ... --- --- 143
Coupling jaw 5.*.68 --- 86 --- 141
Coupling pin 5.*.69 --- --- --- 142
Coupling plate 5.*.69 --- --- --- 142
Defrosting and demisting front 5.*.44 33 72 108 ---

windscreen
Dipped adjustment 5.*.56 39 81 112 ---
Doors 5.*.41 33 71 107 133
Drawbar eye 5.*.68 --- 86 --- 141
Electrical wiring 5.*.5 --- --- --- 114

Emission Control System 5.*.11 20 54 --- ---
Engine supports 5.*.13 22 56 95 ---
Exhaust gas composition 5.*.11 20 54 --- ---
Exhaust (system) 5.*.11 20 54 94 ---
External security 5.*.48 36 75 109 13
Electrical parts, drive line 5.*.12a 21 55 94 ---
Emission related on-board diagnostic 5.*.11 20 54 --- ---
system (OBD)
Floor load support 5.*.4 16 50 90 118

Frame 5.*.3 --- --- 90 ---
Frontal protection systems 5.*.50 36 77 --- ---
Front and rear fork 5.*.3 --- --- 90 ---
Front fork and steering head bearings 5.*.30 --- --- 102 ---
Fuel System 5.*.9 18 52 92 121
Gas-discharge 5.*.51 37 78 110 ---

Guards 5.*.48 35 75 109 133
Horn 5.*.71 45 88 116 ---

Hydraulic brake, brake fluid reservoir 5.*.32 31 66 104 ---
Hydraulic control trailers 5.*.29 --- --- --- 126
Identification number 5.*.1 15 49 89 117

Impact beam 5.*.49 --- 75 --- 133
Lamps mandatory state 5.*.55 39 80 111 136

Lamps placement 5.*.61 42 84 114 139
Lamps required 5.*.51 37 78 110 135
Last among the axles 5.*.7 17 51 91 120
Lights allowed 5.*.57 40 81 112 137

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1 General provisions Regulation method of test
Lights allowed confirmation 5.*.59a 42 84 113 139
Lights permitted, colour 5.*.59 41 83 113 138
Lights permitted force 5.*.59a 42 84 113 139
Lights permitted state 5.*.59a 42 84 113 139
Lights, inspection lamp lights 5.*.62 42 84 114 ---
Lights required, colour 5.*.53 38 80 111 136
Lights required, confirmation 5.*.55 39 80 111 136
Lights required, operation 5.*.55 39 80 111 136
LPG-installation 5.*.10 18 52 92 ---
Load index 5.*.27 --- 61 --- 124
Marking on the rear 5.*.57 --- 81 --- 137

Milieu 5.*.11 20 54 94 ---
Mirrors 5.*.45 34 72 108 ---
Multiple horn 5.*.71 45 88 116 ---
Noise 5.*.11 20 54 94 ---
Occupant protection 5.*.47 34 74 109 ---

OBD 5.*.11 20 54 --- ---
Parking brakes 5.*.39 32 70 --- 132

Plate, legible, shielding 5.*.1 15 49 89 117
Plates requirements 5.*.1 15 49 89 117
Platform gates 5.*.41 --- 71 107 133
Power Steering 5.*.29 28 63 101 ---
Profile tyres 5.*.27 26 61 99 ---
Prohibited lamps 5.*.65 43 85 114 140
Protection system front 5.*.49 --- 75 --- ---
Protection wheelchair occupants 5.*.47a 35 74 --- ---
Recording equipment 5.*.15 24 57 --- ---

Retro reflection allowed 5.*.57 40 81 112 137
Retro reflection placement 5.*.61 42 84 114 139
Retro reflection required 5.*.51 37 78 110 135
Retro reflective facilities 5.*.51a 38 79 110 ---
Reversing signal device 5.*.71 45 88 116 ---
Rims and wheels 5.*.24 25 60 98 123
Satellite Link --- 87 --- ---

Seatbelt 5.*.47 35 74 109 ---
Seats 5.*.46 35 74 108 ---
Self-supporting structure (wholly or 5.*.3 16 50 90 118
partly)
Share on the outside 5.*.48 35 75 109 133
Sharp parts 5.*.48 35 75 109 133
Shock absorbers 5.*.28 27 62 100 125
Side guards 5.*.48 35 75 109 133
Sizes track width 5.*.23 25 60 --- ---
Sizes wheelbase 5.*.21 25 60 98 123
Space load support 5.*.4 16 50 90 118
Soot emissions diesel 5.*.11 20 54 --- ---
Soot Measurement 5.*.11 20 54 --- ---
Speed limiter 5.*.15 --- 57 --- ---
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Speedometer 5.*.15 23 57 96 ---
Stabilisers 5.*.26 25 60 98 123
Steering gear(parts) 5.*.29 28 63 101 126
Suspension system 5.*.28 27 62 100 125
Superstructure 5.*.4 16 50 90 118
Swing, or flash lamps 5.*.57a 41 83 113 138
Taxi Additional requirements Taxi

Annex registration 5.2.73 46 --- --- ---
Berth 5.2.79 49 --- --- ---
Chairs and banks 5.2.75 46 --- --- ---
Emergency Services 5.2.76 46 --- --- ---
In agreement with approval document 5.2.74 48 --- --- ---
Resources for use of wheelchairs 5.2.77 47 --- --- ---
Wheelchair facilities 5.2.78 47 --- --- ---
Theft alarm signal device 5.*.71 45 88 116 ---

Tyres 5.*.27 26 61 99 124
Tyre size 5.*.27 26 61 99 124
Tyre size indication 5.*.27 26 61 99 124
Tyre pressure 5.*.27 26 61 99 ---
Total vehicle mass 5.*.7 17 51 91 120
Trailer Coupling 5.*.69 --- 87 --- ---
Trailer battery and wiring 5.*.5 --- --- --- 118
Track width 5.*.23 25 60 --- ---
Transmission 5.*.16 23 58 ... 96 ---
Triangle Pull 5.*.66 --- --- --- 141
Towing 5.*.67 44 86 115 141
Turn wreath 5.*.30 --- --- --- 127
Unoriginal profiling 5.*.27 26 61 99 124
Vehicle dimensions 5.*.6 17 51 91 119

vehicle mass 5.*.7 17 51 91 120
Vehicle registration data / Register 5.*.1 15 49 89 117
Vehicle sizes 5.*.6 17 51 91 119
Vision-enhancing device 5.*.45 --- 72 --- ---
Warning lamp rear fog light 5.*.62 42 84 114 ---

Windscreen defrosting and demisting 5.*.44 33 72 108 ---
Windscreen washing installation 5.*.43 33 71 107 ---
Windscreen wiper installation 5.*.43 33 71 107 ---
Windscreens 5.*.42 33 71 107 ---
Wheel alignment 5.*.22 25 60 --- ---
Wheelbase 5.*.21 25 60 98 123
Wheel bearings 5.*.20 24 59 97 122
Wheelchair facilities 5.*.47a 35 74 --- ---
Wheel guards 5.*.48 35 75 109 133
Wheel hubs 5.*.25 --- 60 --- ---
Wheels and rims 5.*.24 25 60 98 123
Wiring motor 5.*.12 21 55 94 ---
Xenon lamps (gas discharge lamps) 5.*.51 37 78 110 ---

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Article 1.1 Definitions inspection requirements general
1. This regulation is based in part on Sections 51(a)(3) and 60(2) of the Act. In these regulations contained
rules for the installation of an LPG or CNG installation also co-founded on Article 23, paragraph c, of the
Law on the Road Traffic Act 1994.
2. In this Regulation the following words shall have the following meanings:
acoustic Vehicle Alerting System
a system that by means of an acoustic signal warns road users of the approach of a hybrid or electrically
powered vehicle; in
act:
Road Traffic Act 1994;
ambulance:
vehicle that is primarily intended for the transport of the ill or injured and has special equipment for this
purpose; in any event a vehicle considered to be an ambulance is a vehicle for special purposes in vehicle
category M, subcategory SC, as referred to in guideline 2007/46/EG and a vehicle that is registered as an
ambulance;
axle:
the rotating rod shared by two or more wheels, driven by an engine or rotating freely, and which consists of
one or more sections which, on the same plane, are perpendicular to the centre line of the length of the
vehicle;
axle lifting device:
a device fixed onto a vehicle in order to increase or reduce the load on the axle or axles according to the
vehicles loading situation, by raising the wheels from the ground or lowering the wheels onto the ground or
by not raising the wheels from the ground, in order to reduce wear on the tyres when the vehicle is not fully
loaded and/or to make it easier for motor vehicles or vehicle combinations to drive off on a slippery surface
by increasing the load on the drive axle;
bench seat:
a construction providing room for at least two adults;
bend lighting:
a lighting feature enabling better illumination when taking bends;
berth:
the prescribed area for a person lying in a bus, or on a stretcher to transport in a passenger car;
brake light:
a light that is used to alert road users behind the vehicle to the fact that the longitudinal movement of the
vehicle is slowing intentionally;
bus:
vehicle configured for the carriage of passengers, with more than eight seats, not counting the drivers seat,
not being a motor vehicle with limited speed or a vehicle for the handicapped; a bus is in any event
considered to be a vehicle in vehicle category M with vehicle classification M2 or M3 and a vehicle that is
registered as a bus;
camper van:
vehicle that is fitted with a living area with at least the following equipment which is a permanent fixture in
the living area:
1. table, which may be simple to remove;
2. seats;
3. sleeping accommodation, which may be created using the seats;
4. cooking facilities, and
5. storage facilities;
in any event a vehicle considered to be camper van is a vehicle for special purposes in vehicle category M,
subcategory SA, and a vehicle that is registered as a camper van;
central axle trailer:
trailer in which the axle or axles, when evenly loaded, is/are close to the vehicles centre of gravity, so that a
static vertical load not exceeding 10% of the technically permitted maximum mass of the trailer
corresponding to 1,000 kg, in which the lightest load applies, is transferred to the towing vehicle; in any event
a centre-axle trailer is considered to be a vehicle with body type DC and a vehicle that is registered as a
centre-axle trailer;
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city light:
light that signals the presence of the vehicle when it is seen from in front and gives an indication of the width
of the vehicle;
climate control system:
equipment the main purpose of which is to lower the air temperature and humidity in the passenger area of a
vehicle;
CNG system:
the set of assembled parts that enable Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) to be used as the fuel for the propulsion
unit;
commercial vehicle:
vehicle with four or more wheels, not being a motor vehicle with limited speed or a vehicle for the
handicapped, and fitted out for:
a. the transport of goods, or
b. performing other work;
in any event a vehicle considered to be a commercial vehicle is a vehicle in vehicle category N and a vehicle
that is registered as a commercial vehicle;
contour marking:
conspicuous marking serving to show the horizontal and vertical dimensions (length, width and height) of a
vehicle;
cornering lamp:
light that is used to give additional illumination for that part of the road that is at the front corner of the vehicle
on the side towards which the vehicle is cornering;
daytime running light:
a light pointing forwards and used to increase the vehicles visibility when driving during daytime;
detachable superstructure:
without using tools, of a vehicle detachable construction with a floor area of at least 5 m2, arranged for the
carriage of goods or arranged to perform other than in the first place to transport persons or property, not being
a standardized structure;
device for indirect visibility:
a device that allows observation of an area next to the vehicle that cannot be seen directly; it can be a mirror, a
camera monitor or another device providing the driver with information about the indirect field of vision;
dipped beam:
light illuminating the road in front of the vehicle without blinding or impeding other road users;
direction indicator:
a light intended to alert other road users to the fact that the driver intends changing direction, moving left or
right;
distinctive mark:
a mark that is intended to make the vehicle more visible by the reflection of light coming from a light source
not belonging to the vehicle, with the observer being close to the this light source;
dolly:
trailer with body type DB, DC or of subcategory SJ, intended for:
a. attaching a semi-trailer to a towing vehicle whereby the dolly supports the front of the semi-trailer;
b. supporting the rear end of loads that cannot be divided along the length if the load in question replaces the
vehicles chassis;
c. supporting one of the axles of a motor vehicle; the towing dolly;
under dolly shall also mean a trailer body type DA, DB, DC or subcategory SJ for coupling an exemption
officer trailer to a towing vehicle, whereby the dolly distributes the mass of the load on the rear axle (s) of the
towing vehicle and the axle (s) of the dolly; in any case be regarded as dolly if it is a dolly according the
vehicle registration;
dolly axle:
device for bearing one of the axles of a motor vehicle;.
drawbar trailer:
trailer with body type DB with at least two axles, of which at least one axle is steered, which is equipped with a
vertically movable towing assembly, and that transfers a static vertical load of less than 100 kg to the towing
vehicle;
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electrically powered vehicle:
a motor vehicle powered only by an electric motor whose traction energy is supplied by in the motor vehicle
installed traction battery;
electric powertrain:
the electrical circuit, comprising:
1. the traction battery;
2. the electronic converters;
3. traction motors;
4. the charging circuit;
5. the cable and connectors; and
6. electronic auxiliary equipment;
emergency stop signal:
signal to make known to other road users behind the vehicle, that the vehicle slows down considerably and is
given by the simultaneous operation of all brake lights or indicators;
for wheelchair accessible vehicle:
vehicle that has been specifically built or modified for one or more persons seated in their wheelchairs when
the vehicle is on the road; a vehicle considered to be accessible for wheelchairs is a vehicle for special purposes
in vehicle category M with vehicle classification M1 and subcategory SH and a vehicle that is registered as a
vehicle accessible for wheelchairs;
front fog light:
lamp used to improve the illumination of the road in fog or a similar condition of reduced visibility;
front guard system:
a separate construction that serves to protect the exterior surface above or below the original bumper belonging
to the vehicle in the event of a collision with an object, on the understanding that this does not include
constructions with a mass of less than 0.5 kg purely serving to protect the lights;
full contour marking:
contour marking the circumference (length, width and height) of the vehicle indicates by a continuous line;
hybrid electric vehicle:
a motor vehicle with at least two different energy converters, and at least two different energy storage on
board the benefit of the mechanical drive of the vehicle, wherein, in any case, energy is drawn from a
storage device for electrical energy or power;
hazard warning lights:
simultaneous operation of all the direction indicators, intended to show that the vehicle temporarily constitutes
an exceptional danger for other road users;
hearse:
vehicle that is primarily intended for transporting the deceased and has special equipment for this purpose; in
any event a vehicle considered to be a hearse is a vehicle for special purposes in vehicle category M and body
type SD, and a vehicle that is registered as a hearse;
illuminated transparency:
illumination on a vehicle that is purely used to give information about the purpose or application of the vehicle
or to give directions for other traffic;
lift axle:
an axis through the axle-lift device can be raised and lowered;
light:
device to illuminate the road or to emit a light signal to other road users, including the rear registration plate
lights and reflectors;
line marking:
conspicuous marking serving to show the horizontal dimension (length and height) of a vehicle by means of a
continuous line;
load:
all persons, animals, goods, load carrying devices as well as loading and unloading devices and vehicle fittings
that can be removed without the use of tools, with the exclusion of the spare wheel and exchangeable fittings;

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load carrying device:
removable or extendable construction intended for the transportation of goods, including its accessories, and
that:
a. is attached to the bumper, towing hook or on the roof of a passenger car, commercial vehicle, bus or three
wheeled motor vehicle, or is integrated into the back of the vehicle,
b. is attached to the back of the vehicle, the tow bar or tow shaft of a (central axle) trailer, which has a
maximum mass of not more than 3500kg permitted from a technical point of view, or
c. is attached to one or both sides of a commercial vehicle or trailer exclusively for the purpose of transporting
glass, sheet material or similar goods, with a maximum mass of not more than 3500 kg being permitted
from a technical point of view;
LPG system:
the set of assembled parts that enable Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) to be used as the fuel for the propulsion
unit;
main beam:
light that illuminates the road ahead of the vehicle up to a considerable distance;
main tread:
wide grooves in the centre of the tyre tread, taking up about 75% of the width of the tread;
manoeuvring light
light at the side of a motor vehicle, which is used for additional lighting during slow manoeuvres;
marker light:
light that has been attached at the widest part of the vehicle as high up as possible, thus clearly showing the
total width of the vehicle. This light is intended to supplement the width and rear lights of certain vehicles and
trailers by drawing particular attention to their size;
mass in roadworthy condition for vehicles in vehicle category M and N:
the mass of the vehicle with a fuel tank or tanks filled to at least 90% of their capacity, including the weight of
the driver (75 kg), fuel and liquids, fitted with standard equipment according to the manufacturers
specifications, and, if the vehicle is equipped with this, the mass of the body work, cab, coupling, spare wheels
and tools;
mass in roadworthy condition for vehicles in vehicle category O:
the mass of the vehicle, including fuel and liquids, fitted with standard equipment according to the
manufacturers specifications, and, if the trailer is equipped for this, the mass of the body work, additional
couplings, spare wheels and tools;
mass of the unladen vehicle for vehicles in the vehicle category L:
a. mass of the vehicle as shown on the type-approval certificate; or
b. if not shown on the type approval certificate, the mass of the vehicle in a roadworthy condition, reduced by:
1. 7kg for vehicles with the vehicle classifications L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e or L6e;
2. 100kg for vehicles with the vehicle classification L5e or L7e;
mass in running order for vehicles in the vehicle categories M, N and O:
mass of the vehicle with bodywork, in running order, including coolant, lubricants, fuel, spare wheel if
mounted by the manufacturer, tools, driver and for buses a co-driver if a seat is present for this; for determining
the mass, the fuel tank must be filled to 90% and the weight of the driver and co-driver is put at 75 kg each;
mass in running order for vehicles in the vehicle category L:
Mass of the vehicle as intended in article 5 of the regulation (EU) 168/2013;
mobile machine:
commercial vehicle or motor vehicle with limited top speed, equipped for primarily carrying out other tasks
than the transportation of goods or people;
motor vehicle:
a motor vehicle in the sense of Article 1, paragraph 1, subsection c of the Act;
off-road vehicle:
vehicle in vehicle category M or N with specific technical features as a result of which it can be used off
normal roads;

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other vehicle for specific purposes:
motor vehicle or trailer for specific purposes with body type SG (other vehicles for specific purposes) that is
not a caravan, armoured vehicle, camper van, hearse, ambulance, mobile crane or vehicle with wheelchair
access; in any event, a vehicle is considered an other vehicle for specific purposes if it is an other vehicle for
specific purposes according to the vehicle registration register issued;
oscillating axle:
set of two or more axles in a single line at right angles to the lengthwise axis of the vehicle and set up in such a
way that the load on all the wheels is transferred and evenly distributed onto the road surface. A combination of
wheels on one wheel hub is considered one wheel;
parking light:
light intended to indicate the presence of a parked vehicle;
partial contour marking:
contour marking the horizontal dimension (length) of a vehicle indicates by a continuous line and the vertical
dimension (height) of the vehicle by means of a marking of the top corners;
passenger car:
vehicle on four or more wheels, not being a vehicle with limited speed or a vehicle for the handicapped,
configured for the carriage of passengers, with not more than eight seats, not counting the drivers seat; a light
motor vehicle is in any event considered to be a vehicle in vehicle category M with vehicle classification M1
and a vehicle that is registered as a light motor vehicle;
pneumatic tyre:
tyre that contains gas at a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure under normal operating conditions;
rear fog light:
light used to improve the illumination of the road in fog or a similar condition of reduced visibility;
RVV 1990:
Reglement verkeersregels en verkeerstekens 1990;
rear light:
light that signals the presence of the vehicle when it is seen from behind and gives an indication of the width
of the vehicle;
registration:
registration in the vehicle register provided for in Article 47 of the Act;
retro-reflector:
device intended to indicate the presence of a vehicle by reflecting the light from a source not belonging to that
vehicle, whereby the observer is positioned close to these lights;
reversing light:
reversing light: light intended for illuminating the road behind the vehicle and for warning other road users
that the vehicle is reversing or about to reverse;
seat:
a structure, including trim, that may or may not be integrated into the construction of the vehicle, providing
room for one adult, on the understanding that the seat may be either a separate seat or part of a bench
providing room for one person, and referred to as follows depending on the direction it faces:
1. seat facing forwards: seat that can be used while the vehicle is moving and which is facing the front of
the vehicle in such a way that the median longitudinal plane of the seat is at an angle of less than + 10 or
10 with respect to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle;
2. seat facing backwards: seat that can be used while the vehicle is moving and which is facing the back of
the vehicle in such a way that the median longitudinal plane of the seat is at an angle of less than + 10 or
10 with respect to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle;
3. seat facing sideways: seat that does not satisfy parts 1 and 2, given the direction it is facing with respect
to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.

9
seat belt:
a set of straps with a fastening, adjustment mechanisms and attachment elements that can be fitted in a motor
vehicle and is designed in such a way as to reduce the risk of injuries to the user in the event of a vehicle
collision or sudden deceleration, by restricting the movement possibilities for the users body, and which
includes all parts that can absorb energy or that enable the belt to tighten;
seat belt attachment points:
the parts of the vehicle body or the seat construction or other parts of the vehicle to which the seat belts
should be attached;
self-steering axle:
axle that is steered by the wheels automatically taking up a position due to the friction of the tyres on the road
surface such that they follow the vehicles circular course;
self-steering set of axles:
set of axles that is steered by the wheels automatically taking up a position due to the friction of the tyres on
the road surface such that they follow the vehicles circular course;
self-steering axle:
axle that is steered by the wheels automatically taking up a position due to the friction of the tyres on the road
surface such that they follow the vehicles circular course;
semi-trailer:
vehicle, including a semi-trailer, that is intended to be hitched to a motor vehicle; in any event a vehicle
considered to be a trailer is a vehicle in vehicle category O and a vehicle that is registered as a trailer;
serial hybrid vehicle:
a hybrid electric vehicle where only the electric motor is mechanically connected to the wheels
set of axles:
combination of two or more axles, fitted in parallel not more than 1.80m apart;
set of drive axles:
set of axles that can be controlled directly by the driver using the steering mechanism;
side marker light:
light that indicates the presence of the vehicle when seen from the side;
spray suppression system:
a system that it intended to limit the formation of spray from water thrown up by the tyres of a moving
vehicle
stalk marker light:
light at the rear of the vehicle that shows the driver the length of the vehicle;
standardized loading structure:
without use of tools of a detachable vehicle body as defined in ISO 668: 1995 which is exclusively designed
for the transport of goods, other than a load carrier or a vehicle equipment;
steered axle:
axle that is steered by steering force caused by a change of direction by the vehicle itself or by the towing
vehicle;
steered axle assembly:
axle assembly that are steered by steering force caused by a change of direction by the vehicle itself or by the
towing vehicle;
combination of vehicles:
towing vehicle with one or more trailers;
temperature controlled vehicle:
vehicle whereby the fixed or removable upper section is specifically equipped for the transportation of goods
at controlled temperatures and where the side walls, including the insulation, are at least 45 mm thick;
the vehicle body and chassis enabling the towing vehicle and the vehicle being towed to be joined;
this also includes fixed or removable parts for the attachment, adjustment or use of the above mentioned
coupling device;
three wheeled motor vehicle:
vehicle belonging to vehicle category L and one of the vehicle classes L5e or L7e, but not a disabled vehicle
or a motor vehicle with a limited top speed; in any event, a vehicle is considered a three-wheeled motor
vehicle if it is a three-wheeled motor vehicle according to the vehicle registration document issued;

10
taxi:
passenger car intended for taxi transportation in the sense of Article 1, paragraph j of the Passenger Transport
Act 2000; in any event, a vehicle is considered a taxi if it is a taxi according to the vehicle registration
document issued;
trailer:
vehicle, including a semi-trailer, that is intended to be hitched to a motor vehicle; in any event a vehicle
considered to be a trailer is a vehicle in vehicle category O and a vehicle that is registered as a trailer;
trailer with a rigid beam:
trailer with one axle or a series of axles of which the beam by virtue of its structure transfers a static load of
not more than 4,000 kg to the towing vehicle, that does not conform with the definition of centre-axle trailer,
and for which the coupling used for the vehicle combination does not consist of a coupling pin and coupling
plate; in any event a vehicle considered to be a trailer with a rigid beam is a trailer with body type DE;
tread:
part of the tyre that is 50mm less when measured symmetrically from the centre than the width stated in the
tyres dimensions;
vehicle for specific purposes:
vehicle in vehicle category M, N, or O with specific technical features to fulfil a function for which special
facilities or equipment are required;
working light:
light intended for the illumination of an area where work is being carried out;
semi-trailer tractor:
commercial vehicle that is primarily designed and built for towing semi-trailers; in any event a vehicle
considered to be a semi-trailer tractor is a vehicle with body type BC and a vehicle that is registered as a semi-
trailer tractor or as a tractor;
seat:
a complete structure with upholstery, whether or not this integrated with the body work structure of the
vehicle, that is intended to be a seat for one person;
technically permitted maximum mass:
the maximum mass of a vehicle as determined by the manufacturer on the basis of the build characteristics
and on the performance as determined by the design; the technically permitted maximum mass of a trailer or a
semi-trailer includes the static mass transferred to the towing vehicle when the trailer is hitched to it;
wheelbase:
a. With respect to vehicles taken into use prior to 1 April 1983: the horizontal distance, measured parallel to
the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, between the centre of the first axle, of the first combination
of axles, or of the coupling pin and the centre of the last axle or the centre of the last combination of
axles.
b. With respect to vehicles taken into use after 31 March 1983, excluding semi-trailers or trailers with a
central axle taken into use after 28 April 2009: the horizontal distance, measured parallel to the
longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, between the centre of the first and the centre of the last axle of
the vehicle.
c. With respect to semi-trailers taken into use after 31 March 1983 or trailers with a central axle taken into
use after 28 April 2009: the horizontal distance, measured parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the
vehicle, between the vertical centre of the coupling and the centre of the last axle;

11
Section 1. General
Section 1A Determination characteristics vehicles
Article 5.1a.1 Definitions dimensions

When determining the dimensions of motor vehicles and combinations of these, with the exception of
agricultural or forestry tractors, motor vehicles with limited speed and vehicles for the handicapped, parts and
components are not taken into consideration in accordance with Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Title 1, Section 1.
Article 5.1a.2 measurement wheelbase and dimensions

1. The wheel base of a vehicle is measured when the vehicle is in an unloaded condition with all the wheels
on the road surface and in the position of forward drive.
2. The measurements of vehicles and the load under the axle or axles are, notwithstanding that stipulated in
Section 18 of Chapter 5, determined when the vehicle is in an unloaded condition.
Remarks:
Article 5.1.b3 member 5
In measuring the vehicle dimensions, wheel base and track width, a steel measuring rod with sufficient reach is used.
Article 5.1a.3 determine number of wheels

1. In determining the number of wheels, an assembly of wheels that is mounted on a single wheel hub is
considered as one wheel.
2. In a departure from the first paragraph, in determining the number of wheels of motorcycles, three-
wheeled vehicles and mopeds, two wheels mounted on the same axle are considered as one wheel,
provided that the distance between the centres of the contact surfaces of these wheels with the ground is
smaller than 460 mm.
Article 5.1a.4 determine number of lamps

In determining the number of lights, each combination of two or more lights, whether or not identical, is
considered as one light provided that:
a. they perform the same function,
b. emit the same colour of light, and
c. form a light system where:
1o. The sections of the lights through which light penetrates on the same vertical face cover at least 60.0%
of the area of the smallest rectangle that can be drawn around the sections of the lights through which
light penetrates, or
2o. the distance between the sections through which light penetrates does not exceed 75 mm.
Article 5.1a.5 measuring conditions of lighting

In relation to the lighting, in determining the height above the road surface and the distance from the point of
the greatest width of the vehicle, the shortest distance is measured from the edge of the light-emitting part.

12
Section 1B. General stipulations on method of testing
Article 5.1b.1 milieu

In relation to the requirements included in this chapter and their method of testing, the following definitions
apply:
a. operating temperature: the temperature of an engine after around fifteen minutes running under normal
operating conditions.
b. stationary engine speed: the revolutions of the running engine, whereby:
1. the cold-start system or throttle is not engaged,
2. the accelerator and the clutch pedal are in the neutral position,
3. the selector lever of the gearbox is in the neutral position in the case of a non- or semiautomatic
gearbox, or in the parking position, or in the neutral position in the case of a fully automatic
gearbox, and whereby
4. lights and other electrical parts are not switched on, with the exception of lights that automatically
light up on starting.
recording equipment:
recording equipment as understood in Article 2.2a of the regulation (EU) no. 165/2014 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 4 February 2014 concerning tachographs in road transport, until the
revocation of Regulation (EEC) no. 3821/85 of the Council related to recording equipment in road transport
and until the changing of Regulation (EU) no. 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council
related to the harmonisation of certain regulations of a social nature for road transport (PbEU 2014, L60).
Article 5.1b.2 general

1. The testing of the requirements stated in this chapter is carried out without dismantling, unless otherwise
expressly stipulated.
2. The testing of the requirements stated in this chapter is carried out with the tyres at the correct pressure.
3. The testing of the requirements stated in this chapter is carried out without road testing, unless otherwise
expressly stipulated.
4. The testing of vehicles with variable measurements is carried out in the condition in which the vehicle is
offered for testing.
Article 5.1b.3 dismounting

1. Where in this chapter a visual inspection is prescribed and this inspection is not sufficiently decisive, the
relevant part is subsequently inspected by one of the following means:
a. by the use of aids such as a mirror, hammer, strip iron, wire brush or sandpaper, and
b. by exerting force, with or without the aid of tools.
2. In order to guarantee an appropriate inspection, the parts mentioned below are removed or opened in the
cases described subsequently:
a. hubcaps; inasmuch as these cover the wheel fasteners;
b. boot lid in all cases;
c. bonnet in all cases;
d. fuel tank cover; in as far as it make a visual inspection of the fuel cap
impossible;
e. protective cover over towing in all cases;
ball;
f. base plate for streamlining or inasmuch as this impedes visual inspection of aspects that are
sound insulation purposes; of direct importance to road safety, such as the fastening of
the steering column or wheel suspension;
g. synthetic plating in or over the only where there is doubt concerning the condition of the
wheel housing; covered part and no other inspection is possible;
h. carpet or floor covering; only where there is doubt concerning the condition of the
covered part and no other inspection is possible;
i. side skirts, including plastic only where there is doubt concerning the condition of the

13
spoilers on sills; covered part and removal is possible without damaging
paintwork (e.g. fastened with parkers). Side skirts fastened by
means of pop rivets or other permanent fasteners may not be
removed;
j. protective coverings on steering where these impede a visual inspection of the steering joints
joints;
k. protective coverings on braking where these impede a visual inspection of brake discs.
system;
l. other components; for as far as they make a visual inspection impossible.
3. If the removal or the opening of the component, intended in paragraph 2, sections a through e and l, is not
possible, a decision to refuse the issuing of an inspection certificate will be issued.
4. The removal of parts, if meant in the second paragraph, under f through k, may only take place if there is
no risk of damage to the vehicle or the part concerned. After removal, the parts concerned should be
remounted.
5. In the event that, despite doubts as to the condition of the covered part, removal does not take place
because of the risk of damage, it should be stated on the inspection report that the covered part has not
been assessed.
6. To measure vehicle dimensions, wheelbase and track width is a measuring tape with a minimum
accuracy class III with sufficient range used.
7. In assessing the operation of the braking system, dismantling of wheels and brake drums may only take
place if there is doubt as to:
a. the proper attachment of the brake lining, or
b. or the bearer or the fasteners of the brake lining are touching the brake drum or brake disc.
Article 5.1b.4 Specialties

If, under particulars in the vehicle registration register or on part IA or I of the vehicle registration
document, exceptions to the requirements are stated, these should be taken into consideration.

14
5.2 Passenger cars General
Requirements Inspection method
5.2 Passenger cars
Article 5.2.0 general

Passenger cars should meet the requirements stated in this section and are assessed in accordance with the
relevant method of inspection, with Appendix VIII applied where relevant.
0. General
Article 5.2.1 match of the vehicle with the vehicle data and requirements for identification
1. The passenger car should correspond to the data Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. In the course
relating to the vehicle as stated on the vehicle of the general periodical inspection for purposes of
registration card or the vehicle registration issuing the test certificate, the requirements
certificate issued and as stated in the vehicle regulation Appendix VIII, Articles 2 and 3, apply.
registration register.
2. The car should be provided with the correct
registration number plates.
3. The vehicle identification number must be stamped Visual inspection.
in the chassis, frame or similar structure and must
be readily readable.
4. The registration number plates should be provided Visual inspection. The requirement for the
with the approval mark as prescribed in Article 5 of approval mark is not tested during the general
the vehicle registration regulations and should be periodical statutory inspection.
appropriately fastened on the front and rear sides of
the vehicle.
5. The registration number should be clearly legible Visual inspection, whereby the letters and numbers
and the registration number plates should not be should be fully visible to an observer at a distance
covered. of 20.00 m, in the middle of the front and rear of
the car.

15
5.2 Passenger cars General construction
1. General construction characteristics of the vehicle
Article 5.2.3 chassis frame, integral body and frame parts

1. The longitudinal and crossbeams and chassis Visual inspection, while the car is raised over an
reinforcement parts of the chassis frame, or integral inspection pit or on a lifting system.
body and frame parts substituted for these in cars:
a. should not contain any breaks or fractures, and
b. should not be fastened in such a way, misshapen
or affected by corrosion, that the rigidity or the
strength of the chassis frame, or of the integral
body and frame are put at risk. If there is
evidence of corrosion, the requirements
regarding Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2,
paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 apply.
Article 5.2.4 superstructure

The superstructure of the car should be securely fixed to Visual inspection, while the car is raised over an
the undercarriage. inspection pit or on a lifting system.

16
5.2 Passenger cars Dimensions and weigths
2. Dimensions and weights
Article 5.2.6 dimensions

Passenger cars may not be: Visual inspection. In case of doubt, the vehicle is
a. longer than 12.00 m; measured, subject to Article 5.1a.1 b.
b. wider than 2.55 m, and
c. higher than 4.00 m.
Article 5.2.7 weights

1. The axle load of passenger cars may not exceed the Paragraphs 1 and 2: in case of doubt, the vehicle is
axle load stated in the vehicle registration register or weighed. This requirement is not tested during the
on the vehicle registration card relating to the periodical statutory inspection.
vehicle concerned.
2. The total mass of the sum of the axle load of
passenger cars should not exceed the maximum
permitted load as stated in the vehicle registration
register or on the vehicle registration card or
certificate relating to the vehicle concerned.

17
5.2 Passenger cars Engine and fuel systems
3. Engine and fuel systems
Article 5.2.9 fuel systems

1. All the components of fuel systems in passenger Visual inspection of all fuel systems present, with
cars should be safe and fastened securely. If there is the car being raised above an inspection pit or on a
evidence of corrosion, the requirements regarding lifting system.
Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, paragraphs 1,
2 and 3 apply.
2. Fuel systems may not show any leakage. Visual inspection, while the car is raised above an
inspection pit or lifting system, with and without
the engine running.
If the engine is equipped with more than one fuel
system, all of the fuel systems will be inspected
for leaks, if possible.
An installation for compressed gas is inspected
with the aid of an instrument that makes leakage
visible with the ignition engaged.
3. The filler opening of a fuel tank should be closed by Visual inspection.
means of a close-fitting fuel tank lid.
Article 5.2.10 LPG-installation

1. If the car is provided with an LPG installation, this
should meet the requirements stated in the following
paragraphs, notwithstanding the stipulations stated
in Article 5.2.9.
2. The LPG tank: Visual inspection, if necessary while the car is
a. should be permanently installed in the vehicle; raised above an inspection pit or on a lifting
b. should not be affected by corrosion, with the system.
exception of surface corrosion, and
c. should be free of dents..
3. The LPG tank should not be placed in the engine Paragraphs 3 and 4: visual inspection.
space.
4. The LPG tank should be fitted with a suitable
gastight container that should discharge into the
open air, if the vehicle was first used after March
31, 1979, unless the tank is positioned in the open
air.
5. No leads should be connected to the LPG The method of inspection stated in the second
installation other than those that are strictly paragraph is applicable.
necessary for the appropriate functioning of the
vehicles engine.
6. If the vehicle was first used after September 30, Visual inspection.
1978, it should only be possible to fill the tank from
outside the vehicle. The filler connection should be
supplied with a dust cap, unless it is protected from
dirt and water.
7. The leads should be free of kinks and should be free Paragraphs 7 and 8: the method of inspection
of corrosion, apart from surface corrosion. stated in the second paragraph is applicable.

18
8. The gas-supply leads should not show evidence of

damage with the reinforcement material being
visible. The hoses fitted on the exterior of the metal
reinforcement should be free of damage.
Article 5.2.10a CNG-installation

1. If the car is fitted with a CNG installation, this
should meet the requirements stated in the following
paragraphs, notwithstanding that stated in Article
5.2.9.
2. The CNG tank: Visual inspection, if necessary while the car is
a. should be permanently installed in the vehicle, raised over an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
and.
b. should be free of dents
3. The CNG tank should not be placed in the engine Paragraphs 3 and 4: visual inspection.
space.
4. The expiry date of the approval certificate and if These requirements are not checked during the
applicable the re-approval certificate of a CNG tank period inspection for the issuing of an inspection
must not have lapsed. report.
5. No leads should be present on the CNG unit other The inspection method from paragraph 2 applies.
than those that are strictly necessary for the
satisfactory functioning of the engine of the vehicle,
with the exception of a heating unit for purposes of
the passenger or stowage area.
6. If the vehicle was first used after July 1, 1995, it Visual inspection, if necessary while the car is
should be supplied with an efficient automatic raised over an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
control valve. During this process, ignition is engaged and the
coil checked for current. Subsequently the engine
is started, the handbrake pulled on and the highest
gear engaged. Using the clutch, allow the engine to
cut out, after which the current should cut off. If it
is not possible to check by this means, the engine
is started and after it is switched over to CNG the
coil is checked for current; subsequently it is
checked with the ignition disengaged whether the
current has cut off.
7. The parts of the CNG installation should be free of Paragraphs 7 to 10: inclusive: the method of
serious damage and not be affected by corrosion, inspection cited in the second paragraph is
apart from surface corrosion. applicable.
8. The leads and gas-feed hoses should be free of
kinks.
9. The gas-feed hoses should not show any damage,
whereby the reinforcement material is visible.
10. The filler must be fitted with a dust cap, unless it is
protected from dirt and water.

19
Article 5.2.11 noise and milieu

1. Cars with a combustion engine should be equipped Visual and auditory inspection, while the vehicle is
with an exhaust system that is leak-proof along the raised over an inspection pit or on a lifting system,
entire length, with the exception of the drainage with the engine running.
holes.
2. The exhaust system should be mounted securely. Visual inspection, while the car is raised over an
inspection pit or on a lifting system.
3. Passenger cars are not permitted to emit a noise Paragraphs 3 and 4: Auditive inspection. If
level from the exhaust system that exceeds that applicable, a Class 1 sound meter is used to
permitted for the relevant vehicle as stated in the establish whether or not the sound level is
vehicle registration register, increased by 2 dB(A). exceeded.
This is subject to the requirements regarding
Appendix VIII, Articles 30 up to and including 32.
4. Passenger cars with a maximum mass not
exceeding 3.500 kg for which no value under the
third paragraph above, may be near the outlet of
the exhaust no higher noise can produce over 95
dB (A) at a rpm of 3.500 min-1 insofar as it
concerns a passenger car with a combustion
engine with electric ignition and 95 dB (A) at a
rpm of 2.000 min-1 insofar as it concerns a
passenger car with a combustion engine with
compression ignition. Cars with a maximum mass
exceeding 3.500 kg may near the outlet of the
exhaust noise can produce no higher than 95 dB
(A) at a rpm of 1.500 min-1. Here is some
additional permanent requirements in Articles 30
to 32 shall apply.
5. The exhaust fumes emitted by passenger cars
having a combustion engine with electrical ignition
may not contain more than the prescribed volume
percentage of carbon monoxide when running
stationary and at running temperature. This is
subject to the requirements regarding Appendix
VIII, Articles 40, 41 and 43.
6. For passenger cars taken into use after 31 December
1992 that are equipped with an emission control
system consisting of a catalytic converter and a
lambda probe, the emission control system must
function properly. Correct operation is assessed
based on the carbon monoxide level of the exhaust
gases and by using the air-fuel ratio calculated
based on the composition of the exhaust gases. Here
that stated in Appendix VIII, Articles 40, 42 and 43
applies.

20
7. The exhaust fumes of cars having a combustion

engine with compression ignition first used after
December 31, 1979 are not allowed a quantity of
soot in excess of the permitted levels and should
take into account the special measurement
regulations. This is subject to Appendix VIII,
Articles 44 and 45.
8. Passenger cars with a combustion engine with Visual inspection.
electric ignition that put into service after December
31, 1995 must have a properly functioning emission
control system consists of a catalytic converter and
a lambda probe. It was some additional standing
requirements of Article 40 apply.
9. If passenger cars with a maximum permitted mass
not exceeding 3,500 kg that have been taken into
use after 31 December 2005, with a combustion
engine with electric ignition that is powered
exclusively by petrol, or with a combustion engine
with compression ignition, are fitted with an
emission related on-board diagnostic system, this
system must be equipped with a properly
functioning warning device, and this system must
not have any emission related errors. This is subject
to the requirements laid down in Articles 45a
through 45d of the Supplementary permanent
requirements.
Article 5.2.12 batteries and electric wiring

1. The batteries of passenger cars should be securely Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
fastened.
2. The electric wiring of passenger cars should be
fastened securely and well insulated.
Article 5.2.12a parts of the electric drive line

The parts of the electric drive line of electric or hybrid Visual inspection, while the passenger car is placed
electric passenger cars: above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
a. must be sound;
b. must be soundly secured;
c. must not be damaged;
d. must not have any leaks;
e. must be properly shielded, with the exception of the
cable set;
f. must be properly insulated.

21
Article 5.2.13 engine supports

1. The engine supports of passenger cars should be Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
securely fastened to the chassis or bodywork and vehicle is placed above an inspection pit or on a
also to the engine. If the engine and the gearbox are lifting system.
incorporated, the supports of the gearbox should be
considered as joint engine supports. If there is
evidence of corrosion, the requirements regarding
Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, Sections 1, 2
and 3, apply.
2. The engine supports may not be damaged to a
serious degree; the rubbers may not be torn and the
vulcanisation may not be entirely loose.

22
5.2 Passenger cars Power transmission
4. Power transmission
Article 5.2.15 speedometer, recording equipment

1. Passenger cars first used after June 30, 1967 should Visual inspection. The operation and legibility is
be provided with an efficient speedometer, which is not tested during the periodical statutory
also clearly legible to the driver at night. inspection.
b. If a passenger car must be fitted with recording -Part a: the presence of the expiry date on the
equipment: the passenger car must be fitted with installation plate will be checked visually.
an installation plate and the expiry date shown -Part b: a visual check of the seal of the installation
on the installation plate must not have lapsed, plate of the tachograph.
with the understanding that the validity date -Part c: if in doubt, measure the circumference of the
must not be more than two years after the tyres.
installation date; the installation plate intended -Part d: visual check of all visible connections of the
under a. must be fitted with a seal or must be tachograph.
attached in such a way that it will be irreparably -The method of using the vehicle and parts a.
through d. will not be checked during the periodic
damaged if removed;
inspection used to issue an inspection report if there
c. the circumference of the tyres on the driven
is no installation plate present in or on the vehicle.
wheels must not differ by more than 4% from
the value shown on the installation plate
intended in a., and
a seal must be affixed to the recording
equipment and the required connections that will
prevent an unauthorised change to the settings or
the power being disconnected.
Article 5.2.16 transmission

1. The transmission of passenger cars and its housing Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
should be in a sound condition. If there is evidence above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
of corrosion, the requirements regarding Appendix A fully split flexible coupling is permissible
VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, Sections 1, 2 and 3, provided that the drive shaft remains in place.
apply.
2. Dust sleeves of drive shafts should be securely Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
fastened and may not be damaged to the extent that above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
the sleeves do not close.

23
5.2 Passenger cars Axles
5. Axles
Article 5.2.18 axles

1. The axles of passenger cars should be fastened Paragraph 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
securely to the vehicle and should not show vehicle is placed above an inspection pit or on a
evidence of breaks or cracks. If there is evidence of lifting system.
corrosion, the requirements regarding Appendix
VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, Sections 1, 2 and 3
apply.
2. The axles may not be distorted to the extent that
their strength is impaired.
3. The axles may not be mounted, damaged or The means of inspection stated in the first
distorted in such a way that the driving performance paragraph applies. In case of doubt, a road test is
is adversely affected. carried out.
4. The axles may not be affected by corrosion to the The means of inspection stated in the first
extent that their strength is impaired. The wheel- paragraph apply.
drive elements comply provided they are not rusted
through. If a wheel-drive element is rusted through,
it may not be repaired. If there is localised corrosion
at the point of fastening, the requirements regarding
and 3 apply.
Article 5.2.19 kingpins, bearings, tubes and ball bearings

1. The kingpins, bearings, tubes and ball bearings of Paragraph 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
passenger cars should be securely fastened. vehicle is placed above an inspection pit or on a
lifting system.
2. Dust sleeves of swivel bearings should be securely
fastened and may not be damaged to the extent that
the sleeves do not close.
3. The kingpins, bearings, tubes and ball joints as well Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
as the other swivel points of a fully independent above an inspection pit or on a lifting system. The
wheel suspension may not show evidence of free free play should be displayed in the appropriate
play. The requirements regarding Appendix VIII, manner. In case of doubt, the free play is measured
Articles 46, 47 and 48 apply. with a suitable measuring tool.
4. If a part of the interior of the ball-joint housing and If the sleeve is damaged or missing, a visual
of the swivel bearing is visible owing to a damaged inspection is carried out, while the vehicle is
or missing sleeve, this part may not show evidence placed above an inspection pit or on a lifting
of corrosion. system.
Article 5.2.20 wheel bearings

1. The wheel bearings of passenger cars may not Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
display excessive free play. The requirements above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
regarding Appendix VIII, Article 49 apply. The free play is made visible in the appropriate
manner.
In case of doubt, the free play is measured with a
suitable measuring tool.
2. There should be no audible or noticeable symptoms Visual and auditory inspection, with the wheel
of wear and tear or damage. being rotated, whether or not with the aid of
equipment. If necessary, a road test is carried out.

24
5.2 Passenger cars Axles
Article 5.2.21 wheelbase

1. The wheelbase of passenger cars may not deviate This is covered in Article 5.2.1.
more than 2.0% from the value that is stated in the
relevant vehicle registration register.
2. With the exception of manufacturing discrepancies, Visual inspection, with measurement being carried
the wheelbase, measured left and right, should not out in case of doubt.
deviate by more than 15 mm.
Article 5.2.22 wheel alignment

The distances between the pivots and two points on the Visual inspection, with measurement being carried
chassis or on the bodywork, that are sited symmetrically out in case of doubt.
left and right in respect of the longitudinal axle of the
vehicle, may not differ by more than 15 mm when
measured straight and diagonally.
Article 5.2.23 track width

The track width of passenger cars may not exceed 2.0% Visual inspection, with measurement being carried
of the relevant value as stated in the vehicle registration out in case of doubt. This requirement is not tested
register. during the periodical statutory inspection.
Article 5.2.24 wheels and rims

1. The wheels respectively rims of commercial Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
vehicles must not exhibit any breaks, cracks, vehicle is placed above an inspection pit or on a
unsound welding work, serious corrosion or serious lifting system and the wheel can rotate freely.
deformation.
2. Distinctive wheel rims should be securely fastened
by means of all the approved fasteners.
Article 5.2.26 stabilisers

Stabilisers should be fastened securely and may not Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
show signs of breaks or cracks. above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.

25
5.2 Passenger cars Suspension
6. Suspension
Article 5.2.27 tyres

1. The wheels of passenger cars should be fitted with Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
pneumatic tyres. during the periodical statutory inspection.
2. The tyres should not show any signs of damage Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection, while the
whereby the shell is visible. vehicle is placed above an inspection pit or on a
lifting system and the wheel is rotated.
3. The tyres should not show any signs of bulging.
4. The profile of the main grooves of the tyres should Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
measure at least 1.6 mm around the entire above an inspection pit or on a lifting system, with
circumference of the tread surface, with the the wheel being rotated. In case of doubt, the
exception of indications of wear. profile depth is measured with the profile depth
gauge. The minimum profile depth is measured in
the broad grooves in which the manufacturer has
specified the maximum depth, and in the grooves
in which a wear-indicator is present.
5. The tyres must have the original tread profile. The means of inspection stated in the second
Unoriginal profile is suspected where indicators paragraph is applicable.
have been cut away, if the profile shape of the
groove differs from the original profile shape, or if
the shell is visible at the bottom of the groove.
Contrary to the first sentence, regrooving is allowed
if the possibility for doing so is shown on the tyre
by the designation "REGROOVABLE" or by the
mark " ", with the proviso that the carcass of the
tyre must not be visible.
6. The rotational direction indicated on the tyre should Visual inspection.
correspond with the rotational direction of the tyre
in the cars forward drive position. A tyre must be
mounted so that it corresponds with marking of the
tyre manufacturer's on the tyre that the rotation
direction or the inside or the outside indicates.
7. The tread surface of the tyres should not contain any Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
metal elements that could protrude when the car is during the periodical statutory inspection.
being driven.
8. The tyres on one axle should bear the same size Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
indication, except if an emergency or spare wheel is above an inspection pit or on a lifting system. In
in use. the periodical statutory inspection, an emergency
or spare wheel with a different size indication is
not permitted.

26
5.2 Passenger cars Suspension
9. The tyres should be at the correct pressure in Visual inspection using an effective tyre pressure
accordance with the vehicle manufacturers gauge. The correct minimum tyre pressure is
specifications for the vehicle concerned. If no tyre determined using the tyre pressure table located
pressure is prescribed by the vehicle manufacturer in or on the vehicle. If differentiation in tyre
the tyres on one axle must have the same tyre pressures is indicated this must be taken into
pressure. account. If the fitted tyre size is not indicated the
tyre pressure of the most similar tyre size must
be used. If the table is not legible or available
information from the tyre or vehicle
manufacturer must be used. If no information is
available from the tyre or vehicle manufacturer
the highest tyre pressure is used as reference
value. The tyres on one axle must have the same
tyre pressure with a maximum tolerance of 0.3
bar. If it is found that a tyres pressure is too low
it must be inflated to the correct tyre pressure.
Article 5.2.28 suspension system

1. Passenger cars should be provided with a Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
satisfactory suspension system. Tyres are not above an inspection pit or on a lifting system. In
considered to be part of the suspension system. case of doubt, a road test is carried out.
2. The components of the suspension system should Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
not show signs of breaks or cracks, should not be above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
seriously affected by corrosion and should be firmly
secured. The spring cups comply provided that they
are not rusted through. If a spring cup is rusted, it
may not be repaired. The braid layers of air
suspension bellows may be visible, but not
damaged. If there is evidence of corrosion at the site
of fastening, the requirements regarding Appendix
apply.
3. Passenger cars should be provided with securely Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
fastened and efficient shock absorbers. above an inspection pit or on a lifting system,
oscillating the vehicle a few times if possible. In
case of doubt, a road test is carried out.

27
5.2 Passenger cars Steering gear
7. Steering gear
Article 5.2.29 steering gear parts

1. The wheels of passenger cars should respond well Visual inspection, with the wheels in the forward
to the rotation of the steering wheel. drive position and the steering wheel turned to the
left and to the right to an angle of a maximum of
15 if necessary with the engine running. This
should cause the wheels to change position.
2. When turning the steering wheel to the point of Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
engagement, no resistance should be felt and the above an inspection pit or on a lifting system, with
wheels should be able to turn the tyres discernibly the power steering disabled. The steered wheels are
freely. moved to the extreme left and right position
whereby the wheels may be partially relieved.
3. The components intended to facilitate the steering Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
motion should be securely fastened with all the above an inspection pit or on a lifting system. The
approved fastening and securing means, should not steering wheel is turned with brief forceful
show signs of breaks or cracks, should not be movements to left and to right, with the mass of the
misshapen or be seriously corroded. If there is vehicle resting on the wheels.
and 3 apply.
4. Steering column dust sleeves and bearings should Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
be securely fastened and should not be damaged to above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
the extent that the sleeves do not close.
5. Couplings should be able to perform a visibly stable Paragraphs 5 and 6: Visual inspection, while the
transmission. vehicle is placed above an inspection pit or on a
lifting system. The steering wheel is slowly turned
left and right and moved axially.
6. Flexible couplings should not be severely torn and
the vulcanisation may not be significantly loose.
The requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Article
51 apply.
7. The connections in the linkage may not show too Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
much play. The requirements regarding Appendix above an inspection pit or on a hoist system.
VIII, Article 52 apply. In order to show:
a. radial play, the bearing or steering connection is
appropriately loaded;
b. axial play, push and pull force is exerted on the
bearing or steering connection.
In case of doubt, the play is measured with a
suitable measuring tool.
8. If a part of the interior of the steering column and If the cover is damaged or missing, visual
the bearing is visible because the cover is damaged inspection takes place, while the vehicle is placed
or missing, this part should not show signs of above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
corrosion.
9. The steering power assistance should function To inspect the steering power assistance, the
efficiently. engine is disengaged and the steering wheel moved
left and right. Subsequently, with the engine
running, the steering wheel is again moved right
and left; the operation of the steering power
assistance should be noticeable.

28
5.2 Passenger cars Steering gear
10. Steering power assistance leads should not show any The means of inspection stated in the fourth
signs of damage whereby the protective material is paragraph apply.
visible; they should not come in contact with any
moving parts.
11. The elements of the steering power assistance may not Visual inspection while the vehicle is placed
show serious signs of leakage. above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
The steering wheel is turned full lock and kept
there with the engine running at idle.

29
5.2 Passenger cars Brake system
8. Brake system
Article 5.2.31 parts and brake system operation
1. Passenger cars should be provided with a braking Subsections a up to and including c: visual
system of which the: inspection, while the vehicle is placed above an
a. parts are securely fastened with the approved inspection pit or on a lifting system.
fasteners; if there is evidence of corrosion, the Subsection d: visual inspection, while the vehicle
requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Chapter is placed above an inspection pit or on a lifting
1, Heading 2, Sections 1, 2 and 3 apply; system. In case of doubt concerning the reliability
b. parts are not significantly affected by of the braking system, it is placed under pressure,
corrosion. If there is evidence of corrosion on with subsequent pressure test indication.
the brake leads or brake disc, the requirements The brake pedal is depressed, in the case of a
regarding Appendix VIII, Articles 53 and 54 hydraulic braking system, slowly until a force of
apply; 700 N is exerted on the pedal. This force is exerted
c. parts are not damaged, cracked or broken; for around 10 seconds, without the pedal reaching
d. parts do not show signs of internal or external resistance. If power braking is present, the pressure
leakage, and test is carried out with the engine running.
e. brake discs do not show a degree of wear that Subsection e: visual inspection.
constitutes a risk of breakage.
2. The power braking and the brake-power regulator To inspect the vacuum-power braking system, the
should function reliably. engine is disengaged and the vacuum is dispersed
by depressing the brake pedal several times.
Subsequently, with the brake pedal depressed, the
engine is started and, with the build up of the
vacuum, the pedal should descend further.
Visual inspection of the brake-power regulator,
while the vehicle is placed above an inspection pit
or on a lifting system, with the brake being
engaged while the engine is running. This may
cause pressure on the axle to be released.
3. In the case of hydraulic braking systems, when Inspection by depressing the brake pedal. In case
operating the brake pedal, the pedals stroke should of doubt, the pedal is depressed with a maximum
not be restricted by resistance. force of 700 N.
4. The surface of the brake pedal should be rigid. Visual inspection.
5. Brake leads should comply with the following: Subsection a: visual inspection, while the vehicle is
a. should not be seriously misshapen; if a brake placed above an inspection pit or on a lifting
lead is misshapen, the requirements regarding system.
Appendix VIII, Articles 55 and 56 apply; Subsection b: visual inspection, while the vehicle
b. should not rub against other vehicle parts, and is placed above an inspection pit or on a lifting
c. should not show visible signs of damage to the system. The wheels are positioned at the extreme
protective material. Leads that are fitted with a left and right steering position.
metal guard on the exterior should not show any Subsection c: visual inspection, while the vehicle
signs of damage. is placed above an inspection pit or on a lifting
system.
6. Wheels that are fitted with a drum brake should be Inspection by turning the wheels manually when
capable of turning in both directions when unbraked they are raised from the ground or the lifting
without drawing on the brake lining. The brake platform.
lining of wheels that are fitted with a disc brake
may drag a little in both directions when unbraked.

30
7. The brake drum or brake disc should not be touched Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
during braking by parts that function as bearer or above an inspection pit or on a lifting system. If
fastener of the brake lining. the brake lining cannot be made visible without
dismantling, the brake is operated while the wheel
is rotated manually or with the aid of a wheel
spinner. No grating sound of metal on metal should
be audible.
8. The necessary freedom of motion of the brake parts Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
should not be restricted. above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
9. Brake cylinders should be provided with dust Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
sleeves that do not show signs of serious damage. above an inspection pit or on a lifting system. The
sleeves should be checked if this is possible
without dismantling.
10. The parts of an anti-blocking system: Visual inspection, while the vehicle is placed
a. should be securely fastened with the approved above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
fasteners;
b. should not be seriously affected by corrosion;
c. should not be damaged, cracked or broken , and
d. should not show signs of leakage.
11. Anti-blocking systems should function reliably and The ignition is switched on, whereby the warning
should be provided with a reliable warning system light should light up. The engine is then started. If
that activates as soon as the system fails. the warning light goes out, it may be assumed that
the system is functioning. If necessary, a road test
is carried out.
Article 5.2.32 braking system reservoir

The reservoirs of the hydraulic braking system should Visual inspection, checking that the brake fluid
contain sufficient brake fluid. level is not below the minimum mark.
Article 5.2.38 brake delay service brake

1. Passenger cars first used after 31 December 2011 Paragraph 1 to 3: if a brake test is carried out on
should be provided with a service brake, the braking the road, the speed when starting the brake test
power of which should amount to at least 5.8 m/s must be approximately 50km/h.
on a more or less dry and more or less horizontal
road surface, with a pedal power of no more than
500 N. In respect of inspection of the braking
deceleration of passenger cars, the requirements
Section 2 apply.
2. Passenger cars first used after June 30, 1967, but
before 1 January 2012, should be provided with a
service brake, the braking power of which should
amount to at least 5.2 m/s2 on a more or less dry and
more or less horizontal road surface, with a pedal
power of no more than 500 N. In respect of
inspection of the braking power of passenger cars,
the requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Chapter
1, Heading 7, Section 2 apply.

31
3. Passenger cars first used prior to July 1, 1967

should be provided with a service brake, the braking
power of which should amount to at least 3.8 m/s2
on a more or less dry and more or less horizontal
road surface. In respect of inspection of the braking
power of passenger cars, the requirements regarding
Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 7, Section 2
apply.
4. The service brake should work on all the wheels. While the wheels are raised free of the ground or
lifting platform, the brake pedal is lightly
depressed and it is checked whether every wheel is
braked. If a brake-testing system is used, it is also
checked at this time.
5. On a dry or more or less dry road, passenger cars Paragraphs 5 and 6: the means of inspection stated
must not break away as a result of a difference in in the first paragraph apply.
braking power between the wheels of each axle.
Here that stated in Appendix VIII, Chapter 1,
Heading 7, Section 2, applies.
6. In contrast to the first and second paragraph,
ambulances, campers and hearses with a permitted
maximum mass of over 2500 kg, should be
provided with a service brake, the braking power of
which amounts to at least 4.5 m/s2 on a more-or-
less dry and horizontal road, with a pedal power of
no more than 700 N. In inspecting the braking
power of these vehicles, the stipulations stated
relating to passenger cars, as stated in Appendix
VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 7, Section 2, apply.
Article 5.2.39 brake delay parking brake

1. Passenger cars should be provided with a parking While two wheels are raised free of the ground or
brake that works on at least two wheels. lifting platform, the parking brake is applied and
locked in position; subsequently it is checked
whether each of the two wheels is braked. If a
brake testing unit is used, this is checked at the
same time.
2. The parking brake of passenger cars first used after If an electronically operated parking brake is fitted
June 30, 1967, should be able to hold the vehicle that makes it impossible to measure the speed of
stationary in both directions on a gradient of 16%. braking on the brake testing unit, the parking brake is
This requirement is met if the braking power, based deemed to meet this requirement if the parking brake
on application at a speed of 15 km/h on a more-or- is operated and the wheels lock up while they are free
less dry horizontal road amounts to at least 1.2 m/s2 of the ground or of the lifting platform.
and the brake also functions in reverse direction.
The requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Chapter
1, Heading 7, Section 2 apply here.
3. The braking power of the parking brake of
passenger cars first used prior to July 1, 1967,
should amount to at least 1.0 m/s2 on a more-or-less
dry and horizontal road, and the brake should also
function in reverse direction. The requirements
Section 2 apply.

32
5.2 Passenger cars Body
9. Body
Article 5.2.41 doors, bonnet and boot

1. The doors of passenger cars should close securely. Visual inspection, with the doors being opened and
It should be possible to open the doors that give closed.
direct access to the interior seating in the normal
manner from the inside and from the outside..
2. The lock and hinges of the bonnet and the boot lid Visual inspection, with the bonnet and boot lid
of the vehicle should close securely. being opened and closed.
3. The hinge fastenings on the doors, the bonnet and Visual inspection.
the boot lid should not show signs of serious
corrosion. The requirements regarding Appendix
apply here.
Article 5.2.42 windscreens

1. The windscreen and the quarter lights should not Visual inspection.
show any signs of damage or discolouration. In
respect of the windscreen, the requirements
regarding Appendix VIII, Articles 91 to 95
inclusive apply.
2. The windscreen and beside the driver's seat side Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
windows of passenger cars should be free of any during the periodical statutory inspection.
unnecessary objects that obstruct the drivers view.
3. The transparency of the windscreen and quarter Visual inspection. In case of doubt, measurement
lights should not amount to less than 55%. is carried out. This requirement is not tested during
the periodical statutory inspection.
4. If the vehicle is not provided with a right-hand Visual inspection.
exterior mirror, the rear window should not show
signs of damage or discolouration.
5. If the vehicle is not provided with a right-hand Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
exterior mirror, the rear window should be free of during the periodical statutory inspection.
unnecessary objects that obstruct the drivers view.
Article 5.2.43 wiper- and windscreen washing installation

1. The windscreen of passenger cars should be fitted Visual inspection. When in operation, if the unit
with an efficient windscreen-wiper system that performs in at least one setting other than the
provides the driver with adequate outlook. interim setting, further inspection is not necessary.
2. The windscreen of passenger cars first used after Visual inspection, while the unit is operated.
September 30, 1971 should be provided with an
efficient windscreen washing installation.
Article 5.2.44 defrosting and demisting unit

The windscreen of passenger cars first used after Visual inspection, with the unit in operation.
September 30, 1971 should be provided with an efficient
defrosting and demisting unit.

33
Article 5.2.45 mirrors

1. Passenger cars first used after January 25, 2010 Paragraphs 1 to 6 inclusive: visual inspection.
should be provided with a left-hand exterior mirror,
a right-hand exterior mirror and an interior mirror.
2. If the interior mirror as understood in the first
paragraph does not provide sufficient view of the
part of the road behind the vehicle, its presence is
not required.
3. Passenger cars first used before January 26, 2010
should be provided with a left-hand exterior mirror
and an interior mirror.
4. Passenger cars referred to the third paragraph
should be provided with a right-hand exterior mirror
if the interior mirror does not afford an adequate
view of the part of the road at the rear of the
vehicle. If the interior mirror does not provide a rear
view, its presence is not required.
5. The mirrors should be mounted securely. Paragraphs 5 and 6: visual inspection.
6. The glass of the mandatory mirrors should not show
signs of breakage or excessive deterioration.
Article 5.2.46 seats

1. Passenger cars first used after July 21, 2013 should Visual inspection.
not be provided with lateral seating.
2. The first paragraph does not apply to ambulances,
cars in the service of police or fire service and
others by the Minister of Transport indicated
vehicle categories in the service of maintenance of
public security or public order or seats Intended
solely for use with the vehicle stationary.
3. The seats and back rests of passenger cars should be Visual inspection. If the seat is locked in the
securely mounted in the vehicle. It should be position in which it is found, the requirement in
possible to firmly secure the seats and back rests at this regard has been met.
the original factory settings. If there is evidence of
VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, Sections 1 and 2 apply.
Article 5.2.47 Occupant protection

1. Passenger cars first used after September 30, 2000 Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. If no (hip)
should be provided with seat belts for all the seat belt is available in the middle of the
forward-facing and rear-facing seats. continuous seating, this part is not considered to be
a seat and is not required to be fitted with a (hip)
seat belt. In the case of a camper vehicle, the
inspection is restricted to the front seats and the
other seats inasmuch as these are provided with
seat belts.
2. Passenger cars first used after December 31, 1989
but prior to October 1, 2000 should be provided
with seat belts for all the forward-facing seats.
3. Passenger cars first used after January 1, 1971 but Paragraphs 3 and 4: visual inspection.
prior to January 1, 1990 should be provided with
seat belts for the drivers seat and adjacent seats,
inasmuch as they are located next to a door.
34
4. The first, second and third paragraphs do not apply

to folding seats and seats that are intended for use in
a stationary vehicle only.
5. The seat belts should be securely mounted and Visual inspection, with any retractor safety belt
should not show signs of damage. Pilling of the belt present being fully extended.
is not considered as damage. If there is evidence of
apply.
6. The belts should be provided with a working clasp Visual inspection. The belt is clasped shut. If the
and an efficient blocking system. Roller belt has a roller mechanism, the belt is worn by the
mechanisms should function in such a way that the tester and tested by pulling on the belt; if this is not
belt should sit snugly in use. decisive, the blocking system is tested during a
braking test on the road.
Article 5.2.47a protection wheelchair occupants

1. Passenger cars first used after September 1, 2008 Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. This
and structured to transport one or more wheelchair requirement is not tested during the periodical
users should meet the relevant requirements stated statutory inspection.
in Appendix VIII.
2. Passenger cars equipped with a berth must meet the
requirements of Article 5.2.79.
Article 5.2.48 external security under other wheel- and lateral protection
1. Passenger cars should not have any sharp parts that Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
could cause physical injury to other road users in
the event of a collision.
2. Notwithstanding that stipulated in the first
paragraph, protruding parts of cars that could
significantly increase the risk of physical injury to
other road users in the event of a collision should
have protective covering.
3. In addition to that stipulated in paragraphs 1 and 2,
Visual inspection. This requirement is not checked
the front of passenger cars should not have parts
during the periodic inspection that is used to issue
that in the event of an accident will considerably
an inspection report
increase the chance of physical injury for other road
.
users.
4. That stipulated in the first and second paragraphs Paragraphs 4 and 5: visual inspection, with
does not apply to vehicle parts and provisions that measurement being carried out in case of doubt.
are mounted higher than 2.00 m above the road
surface.
5. The wheel-specific tyres of passenger cars:
a. should be effectively guarded;
b. should not protrude more than 30 mm outside of
the guard, and
c. should not run out of true.
6. No part of the exterior of the vehicle should be Visual inspection.
mounted, damaged, worn or corroded in such as
way as to present a risk of detaching.

35
Article 5.2.49a air-conditioning system

1. Passenger cars should not be fitted with an air- Visual inspection. This requirement is not met if
conditioning system that contains fluorinated the imprint in the engine space indicates that the
greenhouse gases with a global warming capacity in gases (R)12, (R)32, (R)125 or (R)134a have been
excess of 150. applied. This requirement is not tested during the
periodical statutory inspection.
2. The first paragraph will not apply until January 1,
2018 to vehicles first used after January 1, 2012 and
which have been provided with this type of air-
conditioning unit prior to the date of acquisition.
Article 5.2.50 Frontal protection systems

Bull bars of vehicles with a maximum mass of no more Visual inspection. If an EU type approval mark is
than 3.500 kg, first used after December 31, 2008, present, further inspection is not necessary.
should be approved for the vehicle on which they are
mounted and should be provided with an EU type
approval mark that complies with the requirements
stated in Appendix VIII, Article 112.

36
5.2 Passenger cars Lights, light signals and retro-reflective features
10. Lights, light signals and retro-reflective features
Article 5.2.51 required lights and retro reflection

1. Passenger cars should be provided with: Subsections a up to and including l: visual
a. two main-beam lamps; inspection.
b. two dipped beams, with the understanding that if Subsections m up to and including p: visual
the vehicle is provided with gas-discharge dipped- inspection.
beam lamps and was first used after December 31, In case of doubt, a measurement is taken.
2006, these lamps should meet the relevant
requirements stated in Appendix VIII, Articles 115
and 117, as well as requirements concerning their
installation;
c. two sidelights;
d. two direction indicators at the front side and two at
the rear side of the vehicle, or one direction
indicator on each side if the vehicle was first used
prior to July 1, 1967; the light from the direction
indicators of cars first used after June 30, 1967
should flash;
e. warning flashing lights, if the vehicle was first
used after December 31, 1997;
f. one side direction indicator on each side of the
vehicle if the vehicle was first used after
December 31, 1997. Direction indicators on the
front side of the vehicle are deemed to be side
direction indicators if the beam emitted can be
clearly seen from a point located at a distance of
6.00 m behind the front side of the vehicle and
1.00 m laterally;
g. two rear lamps;
h. two brake lamps if the vehicle was first used after
June 30, 1967, or one or two brake lamps if the
vehicle was first used prior to July 1, 1967;
i. a rear registration-number plate lamp;
j. two red retro-reflectors on the rear side of the
vehicle;
k. one rear fog lamp if the vehicle was first used after
December 31, 1997; the rear fog lamp should be
mounted in the middle or to the left of the
vehicles centreline;
l. one rear reversing lamp if the vehicle was first
used after December 31, 1997;
m two marker lamps on the front and two on the rear
. of the vehicle, if the vehicle was first used after
December 31, 1997 and is wider than 2.10 m, or if
first used before January 1, 1998 and is wider than
2.60 m;
n. side marker lamps, if the vehicle was first used
after December 31, 1997 and is longer than
6.00 m. The requirements regarding Appendix
VIII, Articles 119 to 122 inclusive apply here;

37
o. amber yellow retro-reflectors on each side of the

vehicle; if the vehicle was first used after
December 31, 1997 and is longer than 6.00 m, the
rear retro-reflector on the side may be red. The
requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Articles
119 up to and including 122 apply here;
p. a third brake light if the vehicle was first used after
September 30, 2001, mounted in such a way
that:
1. it is located at a distance of up to 0.15 m from
the longitudinal plane, and
2. the underside of the lamp is higher than the
upper side of the brake lamps, as referred to in
subsection h.
2. Notwithstanding the first paragraph, subsection p, Visual inspection. In case of doubt, measurement
two extra brake lamps are fitted if the third brake is carried out.
lamp cannot be mounted on a fixed part of the body
or superstructure within 0.15 m from the centreline
of the vehicle.
Article 5.2.51a required retro-reflective facilities

1. Passenger cars used for the services defined in Paragraphs 1 up to and 3: visual inspection. This
Article 29, paragraph 1, of RVV 1990, which are requirement is not tested against during the
allowed to bear the signals indicated there, must be periodic inspection for the issuing of an inspection
provided with retro-reflective striping, letters, report.
numbers or symbols which allow the car to be
recognised as being in use for these services. These
vehicles must be provided with yellow or green
rotating, flashing or blinking lights.
2. The first paragraph does not apply to passenger cars
during their commission for inconspicuous police
tasks.
3. Passenger cars used for the services defined in
Article 30b of RVV 1990, which are allowed to
bear the signals indicated there, can be fitted with
retro-reflective striping, letters, numbers or symbols
which allow the car to be recognized as being in use
for these services.
Article 5.2.53 colour required lights

1. The headlamps, dipped lamps, sidelights and rear- Paragraphs 1 up to and including 8: visual
mounted reversing lamps should emit a white or inspection, with the relevant lamps switched on.
yellow beam only.
2. The direction indicators and warning flashing lights
should emit a forward beam and no other colour
than amber or white and towards the rear the beam
should be either amber or red.
3. The side direction indicators should emit an amber
beam.
4. The rear lamps and rear fog lamps should emit a red
beam only.
5. The brake lamps should emit either red or amber
beams.
38
6. The third brake lamp should emit a red beam only.

7. The rear registration-plate lamp should emit a white
beam only and should not shine to the rear.
8. The marker lamps facing forward should emit white
light only; rearward facing lamps should emit red
light only.
9. The sidelights should emit amber light only. The
rear sidelights may emit red light with the exception
of the rear side marker light, which should emit
amber yellow or red light.
Article 5.2.55 operation and state required lights and retro reflection
1. The lamps referred to in Article 5.2.51 should be in Visual inspection, with the relevant lamps
good working order. If a beam is made of sev-eral switched on. The switch should automatically
light sources, the defective light sources should not remain in the selected setting.
reduce the original light surface more than 25%.
2. The lamp fittings and parts thereof should be Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection.
appropriately mounted on the vehicle. If there is
and 3 apply.
3. The glass of the lamp fittings should not be
damaged, repaired or altered to the extent that the
beam or performance is impaired. The requirements
regarding Appendix VIII, Article 128 apply.
4. Lamps having the same function should be roughly Visual inspection, with the relevant lamps being
equal in size, colour and strength. Lamps and retro- switched on.
reflecting fitments having the same function should
be mounted symmetrically to the left and right of
centre of the vehicle.
5. The beam of lamps and retro-reflectors referred to Visual inspection. During the periodical statutory
in Article 5.2.51 should be screened to a maximum inspection, a support that is detachable without the
degree of 25%. aid of a tool is not taken into consideration.
6. The vehicles retro-reflectors as referred to in Visual inspection.
Article 5.2.51 should not be faulty to the extent that
the retro-reflection is affected.
7. If the passenger car, from the driver's seat is fitted Visual inspection, with the unit being
with a unit which the dipped light settings, can be manually operated.
easily adapted to the load condition, the unit should
be in good working order.
Article 5.2.56 dipped adjustment

1. The dipped lamps of passenger cars should be set
appropriately, in accordance with that stipulated in
Appendix VIII, Articles 113 and 114.
2. Passenger cars provided with a registration number
containing the letter groups CD or CDJ or the letter
group BN or GN and two groups of two digits, or an
indication concerning aberrant headlamps in the
vehicle registration register, should be provided
with dipped lights with an aberrant beam. The
requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Articles 113
and 114 apply here.
39
Article 5.2.57 allowed lights and retro reflection

1. Passenger cars may be fitted with: Subsections a up to and including v: visual
a. two front fog lamps; inspection.
b. several headlamps, with no more than four
headlamps operating simultaneously;
c. two extra sidelights;
d. two extra rear lamps;
e. two extra marker lamps on the front and two
extra marker lamps on the rear side, if these
lamps are required in accordance with Article
5.2.51;
f. two or four marker lamps on the front and two or
four marker lamps on the rear side of the vehicle,
if these lamps are required in accordance with
Article 5.2.51.
g. two stalk marker lights;
h. parking lamps;
i. one extra rear fog lamp on the rear side of the
vehicle;
j. extra reversing lamps;
k. two extra direction indicators and warning
flashing lights on the front and rear side of the
vehicle;
l. extra side direction indicators on both sides of the
vehicle;
m. amber retro-reflectors on the sides of the vehicle,
if these are not required in accordance with
Article 5.2.51; the rear side retro-reflector on the
side may be red;
n. white retro-reflectors on the front of the vehicle;
o. side marker lamps, if these are not required in
accordance with Article 5.2.51, whereby
Appendix VIII, Articles 119 to 122 inclusive
apply, where Appendix VIII, articles 119 through
122 apply here;
p. work lamps;
q. a third brake light, if this is not required in
accordance with Article 5.2.51, and mounted in
accordance with that stipulated in Article 5.2.51,
first paragraph, subsection p;
r. two daytime running lamps;
s. illuminated screens;
t. two turning lamps;
u. two cornering lamps.
v. One manoeuver light on each side of the vehicle.
2. Lamps and retro-reflecting fitments, which are Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection.
mandatory under Article 5.2.51 for vehicles first
used after the date mentioned in the aforesaid
Article, may be mounted on vehicles first used
before or on that date, provided that the
requirements stated in Article 5.2.53 relating to the
lamps are met.

40
3. Passenger cars may be supplied with additional red

retro-reflecting fitments on the rear side and
additional retro-reflecting fitments on the sides of
the vehicle, which should be amber, with the
exception of the rearmost retro-reflector on the side,
which should be red.
4. Notwithstanding the first paragraph, subsection q, Visual inspection. In case of doubt, measurement
may two additional stop lights if the third brake light is carried out.
not within 0.15 m from the longitudinal plane can
confirmed.
5. Illuminated transparencies are: Visual inspection.
a. connected separately;
b. not wider than the vehicle on which the lighting is
mounted, and
c. should not be longer than the vehicle on which
the lighting is mounted.
Article 5.2.57a rotating, flashing or blinking lights.

1. Passenger cars used for the services defined in Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. This
Articles 29, paragraph 1 and 30b of RVV 1990, requirement is not tested during the periodic
which are allowed to bear the signals indicated inspection for the issuing of an inspection report.
there, may be provided with blue and green rotating,
flashing or blinking lights.
2. Passenger cars used for the activities laid down in
Article 30, paragraph 1, of RVV 1990, may be fitted
with yellow rotating, flashing or blinking lights.
Article 5.2.59 colour allowed lights

1. The front fog lamps should emit either a white or Paragraphs 1 up to and including 7: visual
yellow beam only. inspection, with the lamps concerned being
switched on.
2. The parking lights facing forward may emit a white
beam only and facing rearward may emit a red
beam only, unless they are incorporated in amber-
beam side direction indicators.
3. The extra direction indicators, extra warning
flashing lights and extra side direction indicators
may only emit white or amber light forward and red
or amber light to the rear.
4. The side marker lights should only emit amber light,
with the exception of the rearmost side marker light,
which should emit amber yellow or red light
5. The marker lights and stalk marker lights should
emit a forward beam of white only and a rearward
beam of red only.
6. The third brake light should emit a red beam only.
7. The daytime running lamps, turning lamps and
cornering lamps should emit a white beam only.

41
Article 5.2.59a operation and state allowed lights and retro reflection
1. The lighting fitments referred to in Article 5.2.57 Paragraphs1 and 2: visual inspection.
and the parts of these should be appropriately
secured to the vehicle. If there is evidence of
corrosion, the stipulations in Appendix VIII,
Chapter 1, Heading 2, Sections 1, 2 and 3 apply.
2. The glazing of the light fittings should not be
damaged, repaired or adjusted to the extent that the
light yield or vision or performance is adversely
affected. The requirements regarding Appendix
VIII, Article 128 apply.
3. Lamps with the same function should be of more or Visual inspection, with the relevant lamps being
less equal size, colour and strength. Lamps and switched on.
retro-reflecting fitments with the same function
should be mounted symmetrically to the left and
right of the centre of the vehicle.
Article 5.2.61 placement lights and retro reflection

1. In respect of passenger cars first used after Visual inspection. In case of doubt, measurement
December 31, 1967, the lamps, light signals and is carried out.
retro-reflecting fitments referred to in Articles
5.2.51 and 5.2.57 are mounted at a distance of no
more than 0.50 m from the widest point of the
vehicle. For direction indicators, the previous
statement applies only inasmuch as the vehicle was
first used after December 31, 1997.
2. That stipulated in the first paragraph does not apply
to the headlamps, reversing lamps, brake lamps, rear
registration plate lamp, the marker lamps on the rear
side of the vehicle, rear fog lamps and work lamps.
Article 5.2.62 inspection lamp lights

1. Inspection lights must indicate to the driver that the Visual inspection, with the relevant lamps being
following lights are on: the headlamps on full beam switched on.
if the passenger car was taken into use after 31
December 1997, the front fog lamps if the passenger
car was taken into use after 31 December 2012, and
the rear fog lamp.
2. Inspection lights or an acoustic signal must indicate Visual or auditive inspection, with the relevant
to the driver that the direction indicators or the lamps being switched on.
warning flashing lights are on if the passenger car
was taken into use after 31 December 1997.

42
Article 5.2.64 dazzling lights not allowed

1. With the exception of headlamps, passenger cars Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
should not be fitted with dazzling lights. during the periodical statutory inspection.
2. Passenger cars may, with the exception of the Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection.
indicators, the warning flashers and brake lights for
the emergency stop signal not are provided with
flashing lights.
3. Paragraph 2 does not apply to passenger cars used
by the services defined in Article 29, paragraph 1,
and Article 30b of the RVV 1990.
4. Notwithstanding the second paragraph, may the Visual inspection.
passenger car side marker lamps in sync with the
direction on the same side of the vehicle flashing.
Article 5.2.65 required lights and retro reflection other than not allowed
1. Passenger cars must not be fitted with: Visual inspection. If light fixtures are present
a. More lights and retro-reflective devices than laid that are not prescribed or permitted, the lights
down or allowed in Articles 5.2.51, 5.2.51a, may not work.
5.2.57 and 5.2.57a, and
b. Lights or objects in the vehicle that emit light to
the outside of the vehicle.
2. Passenger cars that are not in use for the services Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
defined in Articles 29 paragraph 1 and 30b of RVV against during the general periodic inspection for
1990 must not be equipped with light fittings for the issuing of an inspection report.
blue rotating, flashing, blinking or similar lights or
objects that give the impression that the vehicle is
equipped with such light fittings.

43
5.2 Passenger cars Connection between passenger car and trailer
11. Connection between passenger car and trailer
Article 5.2.66 coupling device (general)

If the passenger car is fitted with a device for coupling a Visual inspection, while the passenger car is over
trailer, this device must be soundly secured and must not an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
be cracked, broken, or deformed or seriously affected by
corrosion. If there is corrosion at the place of the fixing,
the inspection shall be carried out in the manner provided
for in Annex VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, Sections 1, 2
and 3,.
Article 5.2.67 coupling device

1. If a passenger car is fitted with a coupling ball with The bulb-shaped part is measured with suitable
a ball, the diameter of the ball must be at least 49.0 measuring means.
mm.
2. In the case of passenger cars that are fitted with The inspection method in Article 5.3.68 applies.
devices for coupling a trailer other than referred to
in paragraph 1, the provisions of or by virtue of
Article 5.3.68 must be satisfied.

44
5.2 Passenger cars Miscellaneous
12. Miscellaneous
Article 5.2.71 audible devices

1. Passenger cars must be fitted with at least one sound Visual and auditory inspection, with the horn
signal device which consists of a properly working being sounded.
horn with a fixed tone. A combination of such horns
working at the same time shall be regarded as one
horn.
2. Passenger cars must be fitted with a sound signal Paragraphs 2 up to and including 5: Visual and
device which makes other road-users aware of the auditory inspection. This requirement is not tested
fact that the vehicles reversing gear is engaged, as against in the course of the periodic inspection for
well as a sound signal device the purpose of which the issuing of an inspection report.
is to prevent unauthorised use, theft of or
unauthorised access to the vehicle.
3. Hybrid electric or electric passenger cars can be
fitted with an acoustic vehicle warning system that
operates until the vehicle has reached a speed of 25
km/h.
4. Passenger cars that are in use for the services
intended in Article 29, paragraph 1, of RVV 1990,
which are allowed to emit the associated signals
must be fitted with a two-tone horn.
5. With the exception of passenger cars used for the
services defined in Article 30b of RVV 1990 that
are allowed to be equipped with the signals
mentioned, passenger cars are not allowed to be
fitted with other audible devices than intended in
paragraphs 1 up to and including 4.

45
5.2 Passenger cars Additional requirements concerning taxis
13. Additional requirements concerning taxis
Article 5.2.73 annex registration

1. A taxi for which according to an entry in the vehicle
registration register it is shown that an approval
document has been issued must, in addition to the
requirements under Sections 0 to 12 of this Section,
conform to the requirements under this Section.
2. This Section applies mutatis mutandis to passenger
cars intended for public transport as referred to in
Article 1, subsection h, of the Passenger Transport
Act (Wet personenvervoer) 2000, which can be seen
from an entry in the vehicle registration register.
Article 5.2.74 In agreement with approval document

The equipment of a taxi must be in accordance with the Visual inspection.
approval document intended in article 3.15.2, unless
otherwise provided for in this Section.
Article 5.2.75 seats and benches

1. If the approval document specifies rails or other Visual inspection.
fixing points for securing wheelchairs or berths, the
number of seats or benches in the taxi may be less
than stated on the approval document.
2. If seats or benches are fixed to the rails, they must Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection; there is
be positioned such that sufficient access to a door is sufficient access if an adult can reach the door.
guaranteed.
3. Interior parts that are present must not impede
access to an exit.
Article 5.2.76 emergency facilities

1. If an emergency exit in the roof or an emergency Visual inspection.
hammer is stated in the approval document for the
vehicle registration, one of these must be present.
2. It must be possible to open from the inside and from Visual inspection, whereby the emergency exit
the outside the emergency exit in the roof referred must be opened and closed on the inside.
to in paragraph 1.
3. The in first paragraph listed emergency hammer Visual inspection, the emergency hammer is
must be confirmed that these can be used by a removed from the frame and is applied again.
person in the vehicle from a standing position
directly to the emergency window.
4. If a sliding door is stated as being present in the Visual inspection, whereby the sliding door must
approval document of the vehicle registration, it be opened and closed on the inside.
must be possible to open the sliding door with the
second door handle stated in the approval
document.

46
Article 5.2.77 means for wheelchairs places

1. If the taxi is also intended for the carriage of people Visual inspection.
in wheelchairs, a lift, ramps or other means must be
present in order to be able to place the wheelchair in
the taxi.
2. It must be possible to attach securely to the taxi the Visual inspection, whereby the lift must be put into
means referred to in paragraph 1 and the lift must operation.
work.
Article 5. 2.78 presence wheelchair facilities

1. At the place where wheelchairs can be fixed, except Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
for the places where any seats or benches are fixed,
the fastening means for these seats and the belts that
go with them must be present.
2. The rails and the fastening devices and also the
parts of them for securing wheelchairs must not be
deformed or damaged such that their strength and
functioning are put at risk.
3. It must be possible to secure fastening devices Visual inspection, whereby the fastening devices
suitably to the fixing points present for that purpose. must be secured to the fixing point in question.
4. Locking devices of fastening devices must be Visual inspection, whereby the locking device
operable by hand and must function properly. must be operated.
5. Attaching means that are not fastening means and Visual inspection, whereby it must be tested
the belts that go with them must be fitted with a whether the closing device of the fixing means and
properly working closing device and must not be the belts that go with them work.
damaged such that their strength and functioning
are put at risk.
Article 5.2.79 berth

1. A berth must be provided with a fixing point for a Paragraph 1 and 2: visual inspection.
stretcher.
2. Berths in passenger cars first used after 31
December 2011 must be fitted with effective
safety devices such that the passenger cannot fall
out of the berth.

47
MODEL APPROVAL DOCUMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF TAXIS
Possible wording with A

RDW Centre for Vehicle Technology and Information
The passenger car, if used as a car for public and taxi
Approval document for vehicle
-..-..registration certificate: .. transport, is equipped for the transportation of at most
When in use as a car for public and taxi transportation
- the passenger car is 1 seated person.
Equipped for the transportation of The passenger car, if used as a car for public and taxi
A transport, is equipped for the transportation of at most
1 seated person and people in wheelchairs.
The given numbers do not include the driver. The passenger car, if used as a car for public and taxi
transport, is equipped for the transportation of at most ...
Spec.nr.:
Spec.no.: T130-000
seated persons and 1 person in a wheelchair.
The passenger car, if used as a car for public and taxi
transport, is equipped for the transportation of at most ...
seated persons and at most ... persons in a wheelchair.
Removal or folding away of the seats is permitted for the
transportation of at most 1 person in a wheelchair.
transportation of at most 1 seated person and 1 person in
B
a wheelchair.
transportation of at most 1 seated person and ... persons
in a wheelchair.
transportation of at most ... seated persons and 1 person
in a wheelchair.
transportation of at most ... seated persons and ... persons
in a wheelchair.
Issued on
The Director of the RDW
Possible symbols for B

48
5.3 Commercial vehicles General
5.3 Commercial vehicles

A commercial vehicle, with the exception of a commercial vehicle for which the designation bus or
autobus is given in the vehicle registration register, must conform to the requirements contained in this
Section and shall be assessed in accordance with the corresponding inspection method, whereby as the
occasion arises Appendix VIII applies.
0. General
1. The commercial vehicle must correspond to the Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. In the
details given on the vehicle registration card or general periodic inspection for the issuing of an
certificate issued for the vehicle and in the vehicle inspection report the requirements regarding
registration register concerning the vehicle. Appendix VIII, Articles 2 and 3 apply.
2. The commercial vehicle must be fitted with the
correct registration plates.
3. The registration plates must be fitted with the Visual inspection. The requirement concerning the
approval mark prescribed in Article 5 of the Vehicle approval mark is not tested against during the
Registration Regulations and must be soundly periodic inspection for the issuing of an inspection
secured to the front and the back of the vehicle. report.
4. The registration must be readily readable and the Visual inspection, whereby the letters and numbers
registration plates must not be shielded. must be completely visible if the observer is
standing at a distance of 20.00 m in front of or
behind the middle of the commercial vehicle.
6. Commercial vehicles that have been taken into This requirement is not tested against during the
service after December 31, 1997 must be fitted with periodic inspection for the issuing of an inspection
a manufacturers plate that is easily legible, the report.
information on which must correspond to that in the
vehicle registration register, with the proviso that
the maximum masses that are stated on the
manufacturers plate at least equal the masses that
are given in the vehicle registration register.

49
5.3 Commercial vehicles General construction characteristics
Article 5.3.3 chassis frame, integral body and frame parts

The longitudinal and transverse runners and chassis- Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
reinforcing parts of the chassis frame or the parts of the over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
co- or self-supporting body of commercial vehicles that
take their place must:
a. not exhibit any breaks or cracks;
b. not be secured, deformed or be affected by
corrosion such that the stiffness and the strength of
the chassis frame or of the co- or self-supporting
body is put at risk. If there is corrosion, the
requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Chapter 1,
Heading 2, Sections 1, 2 and 3 apply.

1. The superstructure of commercial vehicles must be Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
soundly secured to the underframe. commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
a lifting device.
2. The support of the loading floor respectively
loading space must be secure. If there is corrosion,
1, Heading 2, Sections 1, 2 and 3 apply.

50
5.3 Commercial vehicles Dimensions and weights

1. Commercial vehicles must: Paragraphs 1 up to and including 3: visual
a. be no longer than 12.00 m; inspection. In case of doubt commercial vehicles
b. be no wider than 2.55 m, and are measured, the in the first paragraph a and the
c. be no higher than 4.00 m. second paragraph dimensions must not deviate
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, more than 1%. Article 5.1a.1 applies.
subsection a:
a. driving machinery must not be longer than
20.00 m, and
b. fairground and circus vehicles must not be longer
than 14.00 m.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1,
subsection b:
a. conditioned vehicles must be no wider than
2.60 m;
b. commercial vehicles with a maximum permitted
mass of more than 10.000 kg, and that have been
taken into service before February 1, 1999, must
be no wider than 2.60 m, and
c. driving machinery must be no wider than 3.00 m.
4. Removable superstructures and standardised load
structures, such as containers, shall be included in
the dimensions referred to in paragraphs 1 and 3.

1. The axle loads of commercial vehicles must not Paragraphs 1 and 2: in case of doubt the vehicle is
exceed the maximum permitted axle loads for the weighed. This requirement is not tested against
vehicle concerned stated in the vehicle registration during the periodic inspection for the issuing of an
register or on the vehicle registration card or inspection report.
certificate.
2. The total mass or the sum of the axle loads of
commercial vehicles must not exceed the maximum
permitted mass for the vehicle concerned stated in
the vehicle registration register or on the vehicle
registration card or certificate.

51
5.3 Commercial vehicles Engine and fuel systems

1. All parts of fuel systems of commercial vehicles Visual inspection of all fuel systems present, while
must be safe and soundly secured. If there is the commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or
corrosion, the requirements regarding Appendix on a lifting device.
apply.
2. Fuel systems must not have any leaks. Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
over an inspection pit or on a lifting device, with
the engine running and with the engine not running
If the engine is equipped with more than one fuel
system, all of the fuel systems will be inspected for
leaks, if possible.
A system for a gas, condensed into a liquid or not,
is inspected using means that make a leak visible,
whereby the contact must be switched on.
3. The filling opening of a fuel tank must be closed Visual inspection.
with a fitting tank cap.

1. If the commercial vehicle is fitted with an LPG-
installation, this, notwithstanding the provisions of
Article 5.3.9, must conform to the requirements set
out in the paragraphs below.
2. The LPG tank: Visual inspection, as necessary while the
a. must be permanently installed on the vehicle; commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
b. must not be affected by corrosion, with the a lifting device.
exception of corrosion on the surface, and
c. must not exhibit any dents.
3. The LPG tank must not be installed in the engine Paragraphs 3 and 4: visual inspection.
compartment.
4. The LPG tank must be fitted with a thoroughly
gas-tight casing which must open into the outside
air if the vehicle has been taken into service after
March 31, 1979, unless the tank has been placed in
the open air.
5. No users must be connected to the LPG installation The inspection method in paragraph 2 applies.
other than those that are strictly necessary for the
proper functioning of the engine of the vehicle.
6. If the vehicle has been taken into service after Visual inspection.
September 30, 1978, it must be possible only to fill
the tank from outside the vehicle. The filling
closure must be fitted with a dust cap, unless it is
7. The pipes must not exhibit any kinks and must not Paragraph 7 and 8: the method of inspection in the
be affected by corrosion, with the exception of second paragraph applies.
corrosion on the surface.

52
8. The gas-carrying hoses must not exhibit any

damage whereby the reinforcing material is visible.
The hoses that are fitted on the outside with a metal
reinforcement must not exhibit any damage.

1. If the commercial vehicle is fitted with a CNG
installation, this, notwithstanding Article 5.3.9,
must conform to the requirements set out in the
paragraphs below.
2. The CNG tank: Visual inspection, as necessary while the
a. must be permanently installed on the vehicle, commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
and a lifting device.
b. must not exhibit any dents.
3. The CNG tank must not be placed in the engine Paragraphs 3 and 4: visual inspection.
compartment.
4. The expiry date of the approval certificate and if Visual inspection: This requirement is not checked
applicable the re-approval certificate of a CNG tank during the periodic inspection for the issuing of the
must not have lapsed. inspection report.
5. No users must be connected to the CNG installation The inspection method related to paragraph 2
other than those that are strictly necessary for the applies.
proper functioning of the engine of the vehicle, with
the exception of a heating installation for the
interior of the vehicle or the loading space.
6. If the vehicle has been taken into service after Visual inspection, as necessary while the
July 1, 1995, the vehicle must be fitted with a commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
properly working automatic tank closing device. a lifting device. With this the contact is switched
on and it is checked whether the coil is actuated.
Then the engine is started, after which the
handbrake is engaged and the highest gear is
selected. Using the clutch, let the engine stall, after
which the actuator should stop. If an inspection in
this way is not possible, the engine is started and
after switching to CNG it is checked whether the
coil has been actuated; then, with the contact
switched off it is checked whether the actuation
has stopped.
7. The parts of the CNG installation must be free of Paragraphs 7 up to and including 10: the inspection
serious damage and must not be affected by method in paragraph 2 applies.
corrosion, with the exception of corrosion on the
surface.
8. The pipes and gas-carrying hoses must not exhibit
any kinks.
9. The gas-carrying hoses must not exhibit any
damage whereby the reinforcing material is visible..

53

1. Commercial vehicles with a combustion engine Visual and auditory inspection, while the
must be fitted with an exhaust system that is commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
gas-tight over its entire length, with the exception of a lifting device, with the engine running.
the drain holes.
2. The exhaust system must be soundly secured. Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
3. Commercial vehicles are not permitted to emit a Paragraphs 3 and 4: Auditive inspection. If
noise level from the exhaust system that exceeds applicable, a Class 1 sound meter is used to
that permitted for the relevant vehicle as stated in establish whether or not the sound level is
the vehicle registration register, increased by 2 exceeded.
dB(A). This is subject to the requirements regarding
Appendix VIII, Articles 30 up to and including 32.
4. Commercial vehicles with a maximum mass not
exceeding 3.500 kg for which no value under the
third paragraph above, may be near the outlet of the
exhaust no higher noise can produce over 95 dB (A)
at a rpm of 3.500 min-1 insofar as it concerns a
commercial vehicles with a combustion engine with
electric ignition and 95 dB (A) at a rpm of
2.000 min-1 insofar as it concerns a commercial
vehicle with a combustion engine with compression
ignition. Commercial vehicles with a maximum
mass exceeding 3.500 kg may near the outlet of the
exhaust noise can produce no higher than 95 dB (A)
at a rpm of 1.500 min-1. Here is some additional
permanent requirements in Articles 30 to 32 shall
apply.
5. At stationary speed and with the engine at running
temperature the exhaust gases of commercial
vehicles with a combustion engine must not contain
more than the specified volume percentage of
carbon monoxide. The requirements regarding
Appendix VIII, Articles 40, 41 and 43 apply.
6. For commercial vehicles taken into use after 31
December 1994 that are equipped with an emission
control system consisting of a catalytic converter
and a lambda probe, the emission control system
must function properly. Correct operation is
assessed based on the carbon monoxide level of the
exhaust gases and by using the air-fuel ratio
calculated based on the composition of the exhaust
gases. Here that stated in Appendix VIII, Articles
40, 42 and 43 applies.

54
7. The exhaust gases of commercial vehicles with a

combustion engine with compression ignition that
have been taken into service after December 31,
1979 must contain no more than the amount of soot
indicated, whereby any special measuring rules that
may have been indicated shall be taken into
consideration. The requirements regarding
Appendix VIII, Articles 44 and 45 apply.
8. Commercial vehicles with a permissible maximum Visual inspection.
mass not exceeding 3500 kg equipped with a
combustion engine with electric ignition and taken
in use after December 31, 1997 must have a
properly functioning emission control system
consists of a catalytic converter and a lambda probe.
It was some additional standing requirements of
Article 40 apply.
9. If commercial vehicles with a permissible
maximum mass not exceeding 3500 kg, taken into
use after 31 December 2005, equipped with a
combustion engine with electric ignition powered
solely by petrol, or with a combustion engine with
compression ignition, are provided with an emission
related on-board diagnostic system, this system
must have a properly functioning warning device,
and the system must not have any emission related
errors. The requirements regarding Article 45a up to
and including 45d of Appendix VIII apply.
Article 5.3.12 battery and wiring

1. The battery of commercial vehicles must be soundly Visual inspection.
secured.
2. The electrical wiring of commercial vehicles must Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
be soundly secured and be well insulated. over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.

The parts of the electric drive line of electric or hybrid Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
electric commercial vehicles: over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
a. must be sound;
cable set;

55

1. The engine supports of commercial vehicles must Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
be soundly secured to the chassis or the body and commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
also to the engine. If the engine and the gearbox are a lifting device.
assembled together, the supports of the gearbox
shall also be regarded as engine supports. If there is
apply.
2. The engine mountings must not be seriously
damaged, the rubbers must not be split through, and
the vulcanisation must not have come away
completely.

56
5.3 Commercial vehicles Power transmission
Article 5.3.15 speedometer, speed limiter, recording equipment

1. Commercial vehicles that have been taken into Visual inspection. The working and readability is
service after June 30, 1967 must be fitted with a not tested during the periodic inspection for the
properly working speedometer which can also be issuing of an inspection report.
read easily at night by the driver.
2. The following categories of motor vehicles must be Visual inspection based on the installation plate.
fitted with a speed limiter:
a. commercial vehicles with a diesel engine, with a
maximum permitted mass of more than
3.500 kg, but no more than 12.000 kg, that have
been taken into service after September 30, 2001
but before January 1, 2005;
b. commercial vehicles with a maximum permitted
mass of more than 3.500 kg, but no more than
12.000 kg, that have been taken into service
after December 31, 2004, and
c. commercial vehicles with a maximum permitted
mass of more than 12.000 kg, that have been
taken into service after December 31, 1987.
3. The speed limiter must be set at a speed such that Visual inspection whether the installation plate
the maximum speed of commercial vehicles cannot gives the correct speed. Also, where applicable it is
be more than 90 km/h. The set speed shall be stated determined with a diagnostics system whether the
indelibly on an installation plate fitted in a clearly speed that has been set is correct.
visible place in the drivers cabin of the vehicle.
4. The speed limiter and the connections needed for its Visual inspection of all visible junctions and
functioning must be protected against unauthorised connections.
adjustment or interruption of the power supply with
the aid of a seal or due to the need to use special
tools.
5. The obligation referred to in paragraph 2 shall not Visual inspection. Subsection a: This concerns a
apply for: reference to the emergency services. Whether the
a. motor vehicles as referred to in Article 29 of the vehicle is to be used by an emergency service is
Regulation on traffic rules and traffic signs not checked during the periodic inspection for the
1990, and issuing of an inspection report.
b. motor vehicle which apparent in the note of
vehicle registration register not is required to
have a speed limiter fitted.
6. If a commercial vehicle has to be fitted with a Paragraph a: the presence and validity on the
recording equipment: installation plate of the tachograph system is
a. a vehicle must be provide with a installation visually inspected.
plate, the validity of the plate may not are Subsection b: visual inspection of the seal of the
expired, except that the period up to two years installation plate of the tachograph.
from date of installation or more; Subsection c: in case of doubt, measuring of the
b. the installation plate referred to under a must be circumference of the tyre.
fitted with a seal or must be installed such that if Subsection d: visual inspection of all visible
it is removed it becomes irreparably damaged; junctions and connections of the tachograph.
c. the circumference of the tyres mounted on the The method of use of the vehicle and its parts are
driven wheels must not deviate by more than 4% not tested if there is no installation plate in or on
from the value stated on the installation plate the vehicle during the periodical statutory
referred to under a, and inspection.
d. the recording equipment and the connections
57
5.3 Commercial vehicles Power transmission
necessary for functioning must be protected with

the aid of a seal against unauthorised changes in
the settings or interruption of the power supply.

1. The drive of commercial vehicles and its fixing Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
must be secure. If there is corrosion, the over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. A
requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, completely cracked through flexible coupling is
Heading 2, Sections 1, 2 and 3 apply. permitted provided that the drive axle remains in
place.
2. Dust covers of drive axles must be soundly secured Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
and must not be damaged such that the covers no over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
longer seal.

58
5.3 Commercial vehicles Axles
5. Axles

1. The axles of commercial vehicles must be soundly Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
secured to the vehicle and must not exhibit any commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
breaks or cracks. If there is corrosion, the a lifting device.
2. The axles must not be deformed such that their
strength is put at risk.
3. The axles must not be fixed, damaged or deformed The inspection method in paragraph 1 applies. In
such that the road behaviour is adversely affected. the case of commercial vehicles with a maximum
permitted weight of no more than 3.500 kg, in case
of doubt a road test is carried out.
4. The axles must not be affected by corrosion such The method of inspection in the first paragraph
that their strength is put at risk. This condition is applies.
satisfied as regards wheel bearing elements if these
are not rusted through. If a wheel bearing element is
rusted through, this cannot be repaired. If there is
corrosion at the place of the fixing, the requirements
Sections 1, 2 and 3 apply.
Article 5.3.19 kingpins, steering bearings, steering bushes and ball joints
1. The king pins, steering bearings, steering bushes Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, as necessary
and ball joints of commercial vehicles must be while the commercial vehicle is over an inspection
soundly secured. pit or on a lifting device.
2. Dust covers of ball joints must be soundly secured
and must not be damaged such that the dust covers
no longer seal.
3. The kingpins, steering bearings, steering bushes and Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
ball joints as well as the other turning points of a over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. The
fully independent wheel suspension must not have play is made visible in the correct way. In case of
too much play. The requirements regarding doubt the play is measured with suitable measuring
Appendix VIII, Articles 46, 47 and 48 apply. means.
4. If a part of the inside of the ball joint casing and of If the cover is damaged or missing, a visual
the ball joint is visible because the cover is inspection is carried out, while the commercial
damaged or missing, this part must not exhibit any vehicle is over an inspection pit or on a lifting
corrosion. device.

1. The wheel bearings of commercial vehicles must Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
not have too much play. The requirements over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. The
regarding Appendix VIII, Article 49 apply. play is made visible in the correct way. In case of
doubt the play is measured with suitable measuring
means.
2. Signs of wear or damage must not be audible or Visual and auditory inspection, with the wheel
perceptible. being rotated, using apparatus or not. If the vehicle
is a commercial vehicle with a maximum
permitted mass of no more than 3.500 kg, as
necessary a road test is carried out.

59
5.3 Commercial vehicles Axles

1. The wheelbase of commercial vehicles must not This requirement has already been tested against in
deviate by more than 2.0% from the value stated for Article 5.3.1.
the vehicle in the vehicle registration register.
2. Except for factory differences, measured on the left Visual inspection, in case of doubt a measurement
and on the right the wheel base must not: is taken.
a. differ by more than 15 mm in the case of
commercial vehicles with a maximum permitted
mass of at most 3.500 kg, and
b. 0 deviate by more than 0.5% from the highest
measured value in the case of commercial
vehicles with a maximum permitted mass of
more than 3.500 kg.
Article 5.3.22 wheel alignment

The distances between the steering pin turning points and Visual inspection, in case of doubt a measurement
two points on the chassis or on the body, which are is taken.
situated symmetrically left and right in relation to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle, must, measured to the
right and crosswise to each other, not:
a. differ by more than 15 mm in the case of
mass of at most 3.500 kg, and
b. deviate by more than 0.5% from the highest
measured value in the case of commercial vehicles
with a maximum permitted mass of more than
3.500 kg.
Article 5.3.23 gauge width

The gauge width of commercial vehicles with a Visual inspection, measuring in case of doubt. This
maximum permitted mass of no more than 3.500 kg must requirement is not tested against during the
not be more than 2.0% greater than the value stated for periodic inspection for the issuing of an inspection
the vehicle in the vehicle registration register. report.

1. The wheels respectively rims of commercial Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
vehicles must not exhibit any breaks, cracks, commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
unsound welding work, serious corrosion or serious a lifting device and the wheel can rotate freely.
deformation.
2. The wheels respectively rims must be soundly
secured with all the fastening means intended for
this.
Article 5.3.25 wheel hubs

The wheel hubs of commercial vehicles must be soundly Visual inspection.
secured with all the fastening means intended for this.

Stabilisers must be soundly secured and must not exhibit Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
any breaks or cracks. over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.

60
5.3 Commercial vehicles Suspension
6. Suspension

1. The wheels of commercial vehicles must be fitted Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
with pneumatic tyres. against during the periodic inspection for the
issuing of an inspection report.
2. The tyres must not exhibit any damage whereby the Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection, while the
carcass is visible. commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
a lifting device, whereby the wheel is rotated.
3. The tyres must not exhibit any bulges.
4. The profile depth of the main tread of the tyres of Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
commercial vehicles must be at least 1.6 mm over over an inspection pit or on a lifting device,
the whole circumference of the tread, with the whereby the wheel is rotated. In case of doubt the
exception of wear indicators. profile depth is measured with the profile depth
meter. The minimum profile depth is measured in
the wide grooves in which the maximum depth is
determined by the manufacturer, and also in the
grooves in which a wear indicator is present.
5. The tyres of commercial vehicles must not be The method of inspection in the second paragraph
regrooved. Regrooving is if wear indicators have applies.
been cut away, if the profile shape of the tread
differs from the original profile shape, or if in the
bottom of the groove the carcass of the tyre is
visible. Notwithstanding the above provisions,
regrooving shall be permitted if it is stated on the
tyre that this is possible with the designation
"REGROOVABLE" or by the sign " ", with
the proviso that the carcass of the tyre must not be
visible.
6. The rotational direction indicated on the tyre should Paragraphs 6 and 7: visual inspection.
in the cars forward drive position. A tyre must be
7. The load index indicated on the tyre of a
commercial vehicle that has been taken into service
after December 31, 1997 must not be less than the
load index belonging to the maximum load per tyre
of the axle load stated in the vehicle registration
register. The requirements regarding Appendix
VIII, Article 50 apply.
8. The tread of the tyres must not contain any metal Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
elements that could protrude outwards when against during the periodic inspection for the
driving. issuing of an inspection report.
9. The tyres on one axle must have the same size Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
designation, except if an emergency or spare wheel over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. During
is being used. the periodic inspection for the issuing of an
inspection report an emergency or spare wheel
with a different size designation is not permitted.

61
5.3 Commercial vehicles Suspension
10. The tyres of commercial vehicles with a maximum Visual inspection using an effective tyre pressure
weight not exceeding 3500 kg should be at the gauge. The correct minimum tyre pressure is
correct pressure, in accordance with the vehicle determined using the tyre pressure table located in
manufacturers specifications for the vehicle or on the vehicle. If differentiation in tyre
concerned. If no tyre pressure is prescribed by the pressures is indicated this must be taken into
vehicle manufacturer the tyres on one axle must account. If the fitted tyre size is not indicated the
have the same tyre pressure. tyre pressure of the most similar tyre size must be
used. If the table is not legible or available
information from the tyre or vehicle manufacturer
must be used. If no information is available from
the tyre or vehicle manufacturer the highest tyre
pressure is used as reference value. The tyres on
one axle must have the same tyre pressure with a
maximum tolerance of 0.3 bar. If it is found that a
tyres pressure is too low it must be inflated to the
correct tyre pressure.

1. Commercial vehicles must be fitted with a properly Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
working spring system. Tyres are not regarded as over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. If the
being part of the spring system. vehicle is a commercial vehicle with a maximum
permitted mass of no more than 3.500 kg, as
necessary a road test is carried out.
2. The parts of the spring system must not exhibit any Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
breaks or cracks, must not be seriously affected by over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. .
corrosion and must be soundly secured. This
condition is satisfied as regards the spring cups if
these are not rusted through. If a spring cup is
rusted through, it must not be repaired. The braid
layers of air suspension bellows may be visible, but
not damaged. If there is corrosion at the place of the
fixing, the requirements regarding Appendix VIII,
3. Commercial vehicles that are fitted with gas Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
suspension, and commercial vehicles with a over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. A
maximum permitted mass of at most 3.500 kg, must commercial vehicle with a maximum permitted
be fitted with properly working shock absorbers. mass of no more than 3.500 kg is if possible
compressed a number of times and as necessary a
road test is carried out.
4. Shock absorbers of commercial vehicles must be The inspection method in paragraph 2 applies.
soundly secured.

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5.3 Commercial vehicles Steering gear
7. Steering gear

1. The driven wheels of commercial vehicles must Visual inspection whereby, with the wheels facing
respond properly to the turning of the steering to the right, the steering wheel is turned to the left
wheel. and to the right with an angle turn of at most 15,
in the case of commercial vehicles with a
maximum permitted mass of no more than 3.500
kg and 30 in the case of commercial vehicles with
a maximum permitted mass of more than 3.500 kg,
as necessary with the engine running. The driven
wheels must change position.
2. When turning the steering wheel to the stops no Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
resistance must be felt and the wheels respectively over an inspection pit or on a lifting device,
the tyres must be able to turn freely. whereby the power steering is put out of operation.
The driven wheels are moved to the furthermost
left and right steering position whereby the driven
wheels may be partly relieved of their load.
3. The parts intended for the transmission of the Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
steering movement must be soundly secured with over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. The
all the fastening and locking means intended for steering wheel is turned to the left and to the right
this, must not exhibit any breaks or cracks, must not with strong short movements, whereby the weight
be deformed and must not be seriously affected by of the commercial vehicle rests on the wheels.
corrosion. If there is corrosion, the requirements
4. Dust covers of the steering gear housing and the Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
steering ball bearing must be soundly secured and over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
must not be damaged such that the covers no longer
seal.
5. Couplings must be able to bring about a visibly Paragraphs 5 and 6: visual inspection, while the
play-free transmission. commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
a lifting device. The steering wheel is turned
slowly to the left and to the right and moved
axially.
6. Flexible couplings must not be seriously cracked
and the vulcanisation must not have come away
seriously. The requirements regarding Appendix
VIII, Article 51 apply..
7. The connections in the linkage must not exhibit too Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
much play. The requirements regarding Appendix over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
VIII, Article 52 apply. To make visible:
a. radial play, the steering ball bearing or steering
connection is suitably loaded;
b. axial play, pulling and pressing forces are
exerted on the steering ball bearing or steering
connection.
In case of doubt the play is measured with suitable
measuring means.

63
5.3 Commercial vehicles Steering gear
8. If a part of the inside of the steering ball joint If the cover is damaged or missing, a visual
housing and of the steering ball bearing is visible inspection is carried out while the commercial
because the cover is damaged or missing, this part vehicle is over an inspection pit or on a lifting
must not exhibit any corrosion. device.
9. The power steering must function properly. For the inspection of the power steering, with the
engine switched off the steering wheel is turned to
the left and to the right. Then with the engine
running the steering wheel is turned to the left and
to the right again. The action of the power steering
must be perceptible.
10. Hoses for the power steering must not exhibit any The inspection method in paragraph 4 applies.
damage whereby the reinforcing material is visible
and must not touch any moving parts.
11. The elements of the steering power assistance may Visual inspection while the vehicle is placed
not show serious signs of leakage. above an inspection pit or on a lifting system.
The steering wheel is turned full lock and kept
there with the engine running at idle.

64
5.3 Commercial vehicles Brake system
8. Brake system

1. Commercial vehicles must be fitted with a brake Subsections a up to and including c: visual
system of which the: inspection, while the commercial vehicle is over an
a. parts are soundly secured with the fastening and inspection pit or on a lifting device.
locking means intended for this. If there is Subsection d: visual or auditory inspection, while
corrosion, the requirements regarding Appendix the commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or
VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, Sections 1, 2 and 3 on a lifting device. If there are doubts about the
apply; soundness of the brake system it is put under
b. parts are not seriously affected by corrosion. If pressure, hereinafter designated as a pressure
there is corrosion on the brake line or brake disc, test. In the case of a hydraulic brake system the
the requirements regarding Appendix VIII, brake pedal is depressed slowly until a force of
Articles 53 and 54 apply; 700 N is exerted on the pedal. This force is exerted
c. parts are not damaged, cracked or broken; for about 10 seconds, whereby the pedal must not
d. parts do not exhibit any internal or external reach the stop. If a brake booster is present, the
leaks, and pressure test is carried out with the engine running.
e. brake discs must not exhibit any wear such as to Subsection e: visual inspection.
cause a risk of breakage.
2. The brake booster and the hydraulic braking force For the inspection of the vacuum brake booster,
regulator must function properly. with the engine switched off first of all the vacuum
supply is used up by depressing the brake pedal a
few times. Then, with the brake pedal depressed
the engine is started after which because of the
build-up of the vacuum the pedal must go down
further.
Visual inspection of the braking force regulator,
while the commercial vehicle is over an inspection
pit or on a lifting device, whereby the brake is put
into operation with the engine running. As
necessary the pressure on the axle is relieved.
3. The compressor and the pressure regulator must Visual inspection with the aid of the dashboard
function properly and come into operation on time. meter(s) by depressing the brake pedal a few times
with the engine running.
4. With hydraulic brake systems, when pressing the Inspection by depressing the brake pedal. In case
brake pedal the stroke of the pedal must not be of doubt the pedal is depressed with a force of at
restricted by a stop. most 700 N.
5. The surface of the brake pedal must be rough. Visual inspection.
6. Brake hoses must: Subsection a: visual inspection, while the
a. not be seriously deformed. If a brake hose is commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
deformed, the requirements regarding Appendix a lifting device. Subsection b: visual inspection,
VIII, Articles 55 and 56 apply; while the commercial vehicle is over an inspection
b. not rub along other parts of the vehicle, and pit or on a lifting device. The driven wheels are
c. not exhibit any damage such that the reinforcing brought to the furthermost left and right driving
material is visible. The hoses that are fitted with position.
a metal reinforcement on the outside must not Subsection c: visual inspection, while the
show any damage. commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
a lifting device.
7. Plastic brake lines must not exhibit any kinks. Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.

65
8. Wheels that are fitted with a drum brake must be Inspection by turning the wheels by hand with the
able to turn in both directions, when the brake is not wheels being off the ground or lifting device.
applied, without the brake lining dragging. The
brake lining of wheels that are fitted with a disc
brake may drag a little in both directions when the
brake is not applied.
9. When braking, the brake drum or brake disc must Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
not be touched by parts that are intended as carriers over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. If the
or fastening means of the brake lining. brake lining is to be made visible without
disassembling, the brake must be put into operation
while the wheel is turned by hand or with the aid
of a wheel spinner. No rubbing noises of metal on
metal must be audible.
10. The necessary freedom to move of the brake Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
components must not be restricted. over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
11. Brake cylinders must be fitted with dust covers that Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
must not be seriously damaged. over an inspection pit or on a lifting device. The
covers are checked insofar as this is possible
without disassembling.
12. Commercial vehicles, with a maximum permitted Visual inspection.
mass of more than 3.500 kg, taken into service after
December 31, 1997, must be fitted with automatic
brake adjusting devices. This obligation shall not
apply for commercial vehicles that have an entry in
the vehicle registration register G.
13. The parts of an anti-locking system: The inspection method in paragraph 7 applies.
a. must be soundly secured with the fastening and
locking means intended for this;
b. must not be seriously affected by corrosion;
c. must not be damaged, cracked or broken, and
d. must not have any leaks.
14. Anti-locking systems must function properly and The contact is switched on whereby the warning
must be fitted with a sound warning device that light must come on. Then the engine is started. If
comes into operation as soon as the system fails. the warning light goes out it can be assumed that
the system is working. If the vehicle is a
commercial vehicle with a maximum permitted
mass of no more than 3.500 kg, as necessary a road
test is carried out.
There must be sufficient brake fluid In the reservoirs of Visual inspection, whereby the brake fluid level
the hydraulic brake system. must not be below the minimum level mark.
Article 5.3.33 warning device compressed air brake system

Commercial vehicles with a compressed air brake Visual or auditory inspection by in turn emptying
system that have been taken into service after June 30, and then filling the service brake circuits.
1967, must be fitted with a warning device that comes
into operation as soon as the energy supply in one of the
service brake circuits has fallen below the minimum
pressure required.

66
Article 5.3.34 warning device spring brake

Commercial vehicles with a spring brake, that have been Visual or auditory inspection, while the spring
taken into service after September 30, 1975, must be brake is put into operation.
fitted with an optical or acoustic warning device that
comes into operation as soon as the spring brake has
been put into operation.
Article 5.3.35 components and force compressed air braking system

1. Commercial vehicles with a complete or partial Subsections a and b: visual inspection, while the
compressed air brake system must be fitted with: commercial vehicle is over an inspection pit or on
a. pressure measuring points with which the a lifting device.
pressures that are transmitted to the compressed Subsection c: visual inspection with the aid of
air brake cylinders on each axle can be manometers or the dashboard meter(s), whereby
measured; the service brake circuits are bled in turn. The
b. a pressure measuring point with which the remaining pressure in the circuits that have not
pressure before each compressed air brake force been bled must be of a reasonable level.
regulator can be measured, and
c. a properly functioning multiple-circuit safety
valve if the vehicle has been taken into service
after September 30, 1975.
2. Compressed air brake force regulators must Visual inspection with the aid of manometers,
function properly. while the commercial vehicle is over an inspection
pit or on a lifting device, whereby the brake is put
into operation. If possible the inspection is also
carried out when the compressed air brake force
regulator transmits the full pressure. Inspection for
proper functioning is not necessary if an inspection
is carried out in accordance with paragraph 3.
3. Commercial vehicles with compressed air brake Visual inspection for the presence of the plate,
force regulators, taken service after September 30, whereby the make and type of the compressed air
1981, must be fitted with a plate indicating in a brake force regulator may vary. If the actual axle
clearly legible way the setting of the compressed air load or spring bellows pressure can be established
brake force regulators. These compressed air brake on the spot, the setting of the compressed air brake
force regulators must be present and must be set force regulators is checked with the aid of
overall as indicated on the plate for the load manometers, while the commercial vehicle is over
condition of the vehicle. an inspection pit or on a lifting device. For this the
brake is put into operation whereby the setting may
vary by at most 0.5 bar from the information on the
plate. At least the following two settings must be
checked:
a. the position in which the regulator is set that
goes with the axle load that is established, and
b. when the regulator transmits the full pressure,
insofar as this is possible without
disassembling.

67
If the actual axle load or spring bellows pressure

cannot be established on the spot, an overall check
of the setting of the compressed air brake force
regulators is carried out with the aid of
manometers, while the commercial vehicle is over
an inspection pit or on a lifting device. For this the
brake is put into operation. In the case of an axle
that is not under maximum load the working of the
regulator is checked by:
a. measuring the pressure that the regulator
transmits in the position in which it is then;
b. measuring the setting of the position in which
the regulator transmits the full pressure, insofar
as possible without disassembling:
The pressure measured under point b must be
higher than the pressure established under point a.
If the axle in question is loaded virtually to the
maximum, the pressure measured under point b
must be equal to the pressure established under a.
4. The drain valves of reservoirs must function Visual inspection, whereby the drain valve, if
properly. possible, must be operated.
Article 5.3.36 stroke of the compressed air brake cylinders

1. The stroke of compressed air brake cylinders that Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
operate a drum brake by means of a cam must not over an inspection pit or on a lifting device,
be restricted by parts that are not intended for this. whereby the brake is put into operation.
2. From the unbraked position to the braked position Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
the stroke of compressed air brake cylinders must over an inspection pit or on a lifting device,
not be greater than 2/3 of the maximum stroke of whereby the brake is put onto operation to its
the brake cylinder concerned. maximum. In case of doubt, a measurement is
taken.
Article 5.3.37 (stock)pressure braking system

1. Commercial vehicles with a two-line brake system Visual inspection with the aid of a manometer,
for trailers must at the connecting head of the whereby the brake is put into operation.
supply line have a pressure with a limit value of 6.5
to 8.5 bar, and at the connecting head of the
command line, at a maximum supply pressure, have
a pressure with a limit value of 6.0 to 8.5 bar.
2. Commercial vehicles, taken into service after Visual inspection, while the commercial vehicle is
December 31, 1997, must not be fitted with a single over an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
line brake system for a trailer.
3. In the case of commercial vehicles with a single line Visual inspection with the aid of a manometer.
brake system for trailers, the supply pressure of the
brake system must be present at the connecting
head. This pressure must be at least 5 but no more
than 6 bar.
4. Commercial vehicles taken into service after Paragraphs 4 and 5: visual inspection.
December 31, 1997 must not be fitted with a
separate device for operating the brakes of the
trailer.

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5. In the case of commercial vehicles taken into

service after December 31, 1997, the supply and the
command line must be fitted with properly working
automatic closing devices.

1. Commercial vehicles, taken into service after 31 Paragraphs 1 up to and including 4: if a brake test
December 2011, must be fitted with a service brake is carried out on the road, the speed at the start of
of which the braking deceleration on a dry or the brake test must be about 50 km/h.
virtually dry and approximately horizontal road is at
least 5.0 m/s, with a pedal force of no more than
700 N. In the inspection of the braking deceleration
of commercial vehicles, the requirements regarding
apply.
2. Commercial vehicles, taken into service after
December 31, 1997 but before 1 January 2012, must
be fitted with a service brake of which the braking
deceleration on a dry or virtually dry and
approximately horizontal road is at least 4.5 m/s2,
with a pedal force of no more than 700 N. In the
inspection of the braking deceleration of
commercial vehicles, the requirements regarding
apply.
3. Commercial vehicles, taken into service after June
30, 1967 but before January 1, 1998, must be fitted
with a service brake of which the braking
deceleration on a dry or virtually dry and
approximately horizontal road is at least 4.0 m/s2,
with a pedal force of no more than 700 N. In the
inspection of the braking deceleration of
commercial vehicles, the requirements regarding
apply.
4. Commercial vehicles, taken into service before July
1, 1967, must be fitted with a service brake of
which the braking deceleration on a dry or virtually
dry and approximately horizontal road is at least
3.8 m/s2. In the inspection of the braking
deceleration of commercial vehicles, the
Heading 7, Section 2 apply.
5. If the brake forces of the commercial vehicle are
greater than or equal to the reference brake forces
set down by the vehicle manufacturer, which
correspond with the specified minimum brake
deceleration, that stipulated in Paragraph 1 and
Paragraph 2 is satisfied. The requirements regarding
apply.

69
6. The service brake must work on all wheels. While the wheels are off the ground or the lifting
device, the brake pedal is depressed slightly and it
is checked whether each wheel is braked. If a
brake-testing unit is used for checking the braking
action, this is checked at the same time.
7. On a dry or more or less dry road, commercial The inspection method in paragraph 1 applies.
vehicles must not break away as a result of a
difference in braking power between the wheels of
each axle. Here that stated in Appendix VIII,
Chapter 1, Heading 7, Section 2, applies.
Article 5.3.39 parking brake delay, securing device

1. Commercial vehicles must be fitted with a parking While two wheels are off the ground or the lifting
brake that works on at least two wheels of an axle device, the parking brake is held on and kept in
that cannot be raised. this position with the locking device, after which it
is checked whether each of the wheels is braked. If
a brake testing unit is used for checking the
braking action, this is checked at the same time.
2. The parking brake of commercial vehicles, taken If an electronically operated parking brake is fitted
into service after June 30, 1967, must be able to that makes it impossible to measure the speed of
keep the vehicle stationary in both directions on a braking on the brake testing unit, the parking brake is
gradient of 16%. This condition is considered to be deemed to meet this requirement if the parking brake
satisfied if the braking deceleration, based on a is operated and the wheels lock up while they are free
starting speed of 15 km/h, on a dry or virtually dry of the ground or of the lifting platform.
and approximately horizontal road is at least
1.2 m/s2 and the brake also works in the backwards
direction. The requirements regarding Appendix
VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 7, Section 2 apply.
3. The braking deceleration of the parking brake of
commercial vehicles, taken into service before July
1, 1967, must, on a dry or virtually dry and
approximately horizontal road, be at least 1.0 m/s2.
The requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Chapter
1, Heading 7, Section 2 apply.

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5.3 Commercial vehicles Body
9. Body
Article 5.3.41 doors, loading doors, bonnet and boot lid

1. The doors and the loading doors of commercial Visual inspection, whereby the doors are opened
vehicles must close properly. The doors that give and closed.
direct access to the personnel space must be able to
be opened in the normal way from the inside and
from the outside.
2. The lock and the hinges of the bonnet and the boot Visual inspection, whereby the bonnet and the boot
lid of the vehicle must ensure that they can be lid of the vehicle are opened and closed.
closed properly.
3. The fixing points of the hinges of the doors, the Visual inspection.
bonnet and the boot lid must not be seriously
affected by corrosion. The requirements regarding
and 3 apply.
Article 5.3.42 windows

1. The front window and the side windows of Visual inspection.
commercial vehicles next to the drivers seat must
not exhibit any damage or discolouration.
Regarding the front window, the requirements
regarding Appendix VIII, Articles 91 to 100 apply.
2. The front window and the side windows of Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
commercial vehicles next to the drivers seat must against during the periodic inspection for the
not be fitted with unnecessary objects that obstruct issuing of an inspection report.
the drivers vision.
3. The light permeability of the front window and the Visual inspection, in case of doubt, a measurement
side windows next to the drivers seat must not be is taken. This requirement is not tested against
less than 55%. during the periodic inspection for the issuing of an
inspection report.
4. If the commercial vehicle is not fitted with an Visual inspection.
outside window on the right, the rear window must
not exhibit any damage or discolouration.
5. If the commercial vehicle is not fitted with an Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
outside window on the right, the rear window must against during the periodic inspection for the
not be fitted with unnecessary objects that obstruct issuing of an inspection report.
the drivers vision.

1. Commercial vehicles with a front window must be Visual inspection. If when putting the installation
fitted with a properly working windscreen wiper into operation one position, which is not an
installation that gives the driver sufficient vision. interval position, works, further inspection is not
necessary.
2. Commercial vehicles with a front window, that have Visual inspection, whereby the installation is put
been taken into service after December 31, 1997, into operation.
must be fitted with a properly working windscreen
washing installation.

71
Article 5.3.44 installation for defrosting and demisting

Commercial vehicles with a front window, that have Visual inspection, whereby the installation is put
been taken into service after December 31, 1997, must be into operation.
fitted with a properly working installation for defrosting
and demisting the front window.

1. Commercial vehicles must be fitted with an outside Visual inspection
mirror on the left and an outside mirror on the right.
2. In deviation from that determined in paragraph 1,
mass not exceeding 3.500 kg may be equipped with
an interior mirror instead of a right-hand exterior
mirror, as long as the inside mirror provides
sufficient view of the part of the road behind the
vehicle.
3. The following commercial vehicles must be fitted
with a pavement mirror on the right-hand side:
a. commercial vehicles intended for the
transportation of goods with a maximum
permitted mass exceeding 7.500 kg, taken into
service before January 1, 2000;
b. motorised equipment, and
c. commercial vehicles intended for the
service after December 31, 1999.
4. The requirement in paragraph 3 does not apply if it Visual inspection. In case of doubt a measurement
is not possible to affix a pavement mirror in such a is taken.
way that no part of the mirror is located at a height
of less than 2.20 m above the road surface.
5. The following commercial vehicles must be fitted Paragraphs 5 up to and including 7: visual
with a wide-angle mirror on the right-hand side: inspection.
a. commercial vehicles intended for the
permitted mass exceeding 7.500 kg, and
b. commercial vehicles intended for the
service after December 31, 1999.
6. The requirement defined in paragraph 5 does not
apply if the vehicle is fitted with field of view
enhancing equipment which gives the driver a better
view of road users to the right of the vehicle.
7. Commercial vehicles with front steering intended
for the transportation of goods with a maximum
service after January 25, 2008, must be equipped
with:
a. A front view mirror or correctly operating
camera monitoring system and
b. a wide-angled mirror on the left-hand side.

72
8. In deviation from that determined in paragraph 7 Paragraphs 8 en 9: visual inspection. In case of

section a, a front mirror or a camera-monitor system doubt a measurement is taken.
is not required if a straight line can be viewed from
the left-hand side situated at a height of 1.20 m
above the road surface and 0.30 m in front of the
vehicle.
9. The requirement defined in paragraph 7, section a
does not apply if it is impossible to fit a front mirror
or a camera-monitor system in such a way that no
part of the mirror or the camera-monitor system is
located at a height of less than 2.00 m above the
road surface.
10. In deviation from that determined in paragraph 3, a Paragraphs 10 up to and including 15: visual
pavement mirror is not required if the commercial inspection.
vehicle is fitted with a front mirror or a camera
monitoring system and a wide-angle mirror, as long
as the driver can see the ground located on the right-
hand side directly next to the cabin with this
combination of mirrors.
11. Commercial vehicles with a maximum permitted
mass exceeding 3.500 kg, not being campers, taken
into service after December 31, 1977, must be fitted
with field of view enhancing equipment which gives
the driver a better view of road users to the right of
the vehicle.
12. The requirement defined in paragraph 11 does not
apply to commercial vehicles:
a. with a maximum permitted mass exceeding
7.500 kg, taken into service after January 25,
2008, and
b. commercial vehicles taken into service before
January 26, 2008 and which satisfy the
requirement defined in paragraphs 3, 5 and 7,
section a.
13. The mirrors and camera monitor systems must be
mounted correctly.
14. The mirror glass of the compulsory mirrors must not
exhibit any signs of breakage and must not be
seriously weather-stained.
15. If the steering wheel is located on the right-hand
side in a commercial vehicle, all the required
facilities for indirect vision must be placed in mirror
image to the situation in which the steering wheel is
located on the left. A left-hand exterior mirror must
always be present.

73
Article 5.3.46 seats

1. Commercial vehicles with a maximum permitted Visual inspection.
mass of no more than 3.500 kg, taken into service
after January 21, 2014, must not be fitted with seats
facing sideways.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to ambulances,
commercial vehicles used for the police or the fire
service and other categories of vehicles designated
by Minister of Transport used for the purposes of
the protection of citizens or the maintaining of
order.
3. The seats and seat-backs of commercial vehicles Visual inspection. If the seat is locked in the
must be soundly secured to the vehicle. The position in which it is found, the requirement
adjusting devices of the seats and seatbacks installed regarding locking is satisfied.
on production must be able to be locked securely. If
there is corrosion, the requirements regarding
and 3 apply.
Article 5.3.47 occupant protection

1. Commercial vehicles, that have been taken into Visual inspection. Indien in het middelste gedeelte
service after December 31, 1997, must be fitted. Visual inspection. If there is not a belt in the
with belts for: the drivers seat and the forward- middle part of the bench, this part is not
facing seats next to it, and the other forward-facing considered to be a seat. In the case of a camper the
seats if at a distance of a maximum of 1.30 m in inspection is limited to the front seats and to the
front of the seat-back of this seat there is no safety other seats insofar as these are fitted with belts.
screen or seat-back of a seat in front of it.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to folding seats and Visual inspection.
seats that are solely intended for use when the
vehicle is stationary.
3. The belts must be soundly secured and must not be Visual inspection, whereby any roller belt is fully
damaged. If a belt gives off fluff, this shall not be unwound.
regarded as damage. If there is corrosion, the
4. The belts must be fitted with a properly working Visual inspection. Here the belt is inserted in the
closing device and a properly working locking locking device. If the belt is fitted with a rolling up
device. Rolling up mechanisms must work such that mechanism, the belt is buckled. The lock is
the belt fits closely after it has been buckled. checked by pulling on the belt; if this does not
provide a definitive answer, in the case of a
commercial vehicle with a maximum permitted
mass of no more than 3.500 kg, during a brake test
on the road the locking of the belt is checked.
Article 5.3.47a protection wheelchair occupant

Commercial vehicles that have been taken into service Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
after September 1, 2008 and are equipped for the against during the periodic inspection for the
transporting of one or more passengers in a wheelchair issuing of an inspection report.
must satisfy the requirements regarding this in Appendix
VIII.

74
Article 5.3.48 external security under other wheel- and lateral protection
1. Commercial vehicles must not have any sharp parts Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
which in the event of a collision could cause a risk
of physical injury to other road users.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1,
protruding parts of commercial vehicles that in the
event of a collision could significantly increase the
risk of physical injury to other road users must be
shielded.
3. In addition to that stipulated in paragraphs 1 and 2, Visual inspection. This requirement is not checked
the front of commercial vehicles should not have during the periodic inspection that is used to issue
parts that in the event of an accident will an inspection report.
considerably increase the chance of physical injury
for other road users.
4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 through 3 shall not Visual inspection. In case of doubt a measurement
apply to parts of vehicles that are higher than 2.00 m is taken.
over the road surface.
5. The wheels respectively tyres of commercial Paragraphs 1 up to and including 4; visual
vehicles: inspection.
a. with a maximum mass exceeding 3.500 kg and in
use after December 31, 1974:
1o. should be effectively guarded, and
2o. should not run out of true.
The requirements regarding Appendix VIII,
Articles 102 up to and including 106 apply.
b. with a maximum mass exceeding 3.500 kg and in
use before January 1, 1975:
1o. should be effectively guarded, and
c. with a maximum mass not exceeding 3.500 kg:
1o. should be effectively guarded;
2o. should not protrude more than 30 mm outside of
the guard, and
mass of more than 3,500 kg, taken into service after
December 31, 1969, must be fitted with a guard
along the side. This obligation shall not apply for
semi-trailer tractors. The requirements regarding
Appendix VIII, Articles 107 to 111 apply.
7. No part on the outside of the commercial vehicle
must be fixed, damaged, worn or affected by
corrosion such that there is a risk of it coming away.
Article 5.3.49 impact beam

1. Commercial vehicles that have been taken into Paragraphs 1 up to and including 5: visual
service after June 30, 1967 must be securely fitted at inspection, in case of doubt, a measurement is
the rear with an impact beam if the distance from the taken.
bottom of the vehicle to the road surface, measured
over the full width under the rear of the chassis or
under the main components of the coachwork at a
distance of more than 1.00 m behind the centre point
of the rearmost axle is more than 0.70 m or if it is
75
more than 0.55 m if the vehicle has been taken into

service after December 31, 1997. This obligation
shall not apply for garbage trucks with a load at the
rear, semi-trailer tractors and asphalt tippers.
2. The distance from the bottom of the impact beam to
the road surface must, for commercial vehicles taken
into service after June 30, 1967 but before 1 January
1998, be no more than 0.70 m, and for commercial
vehicles taken into service after December 31, 1997,
be no more than 0.55 m.
3. If the commercial vehicle has been taken into
service after December 31, 2004 the impact beam
must be located no more than 0.45 m in front of the
rearmost point of the vehicle. Vehicle parts above
3.00 m measured from the road surface shall be
disregarded in this connection. Notwithstanding this,
in the case of commercial vehicles equipped as a
concrete mill, concrete mixer or concrete pump, the
impact beam must be located no more than 0.60 m
in front of the rearmost point of the vehicle.
4. If the commercial vehicle has been taken into
service after June 30, 1967 but before January 1,
2005 the impact beam must be located no more than
0.60 m in front of the rearmost point of the vehicle.
Vehicle parts above 2.00 m measured from the road
surface shall be disregarded in this connection.
5. The impact beam of commercial vehicles must not
be wider or on both sides more than 0.10 m
narrower than:
a. the vehicle at the position where the impact beam
is fitted, or
b. the width of the widest rear axle, including the
wheels, with the bulging of the tyres above the
road surface being disregarded. In the case of
commercial vehicles intended for the transporting
of alternating load buckets, a dimension of
0.20 m applies instead of the specified dimension
of 0.10 m.
6. The impact beam and its fixing must not be Paragraphs 6 to 8: visual inspection.
deformed or exhibit breaks or cracks, or be affected
by corrosion, such that a loss of function occurs as a
result.
7. The ends of the impact beam must not be bent
backwards.
mass of more than 7500 kg, taken into service after
August 9, 2004, must be fitted in a secure way with
a guard on the front against under running. This
obligation shall not apply for commercial vehicles
that have an entry G in the vehicle registration
register.
9. The distance from the bottom of the guard to the Paragraphs 9 and 10: visual inspection, in case of
road surface must, between the points that are doubt a measurement is taken.
76
situated more than 0.20 m from the sides of the

front-most axle of the vehicle, including the wheels,
be no more than 0.45 m, with the bulging of the
tyres above the road surface being disregarded.
10. The distance from the front of the vehicle to the
front of the guard must be no more than 0.40 m,
with vehicle parts higher than 2.00 m above the road
surface being disregarded.
11. The guard must: Paragraphs 11 and 12: visual inspection.
a. not be wider than the width of the vehicle
including the splashguard of the front-most axle;
b. on both sides not be more than 0.10 m narrower
than the front-most axle including the wheels,
with the bulging of the tyres above the road
surface being disregarded, or
c. on both sides not be more than 0.20 m narrower
than the vehicle measured over the outermost
points of the step to the drivers cabin.
12. The guard on the front and its fixing must not be
deformed or exhibit breaks or cracks, or be affected
by corrosion, such that a loss of function occurs as a
result.
Article 5.3.49a air-conditioning system

1. Commercial vehicles must not be fitted with an air- Visual inspection. If the inscription in the engine
conditioning system that contains fluorinated compartment shows that the gases (R)12, (R)32,
greenhouse gases with a global warming potential of (R)125 or (R)134a have been used in this vehicle,
more than 150. this requirement is not satisfied. This requirement
is not tested against during the periodic inspection
for the issuing of an inspection report.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply until January 1, 2018 to
commercial vehicles that have been taken into
service before January 1, 2012 and which have
already been fitted with such an air-conditioning
system before the date they were first taken into
service.
Article 5.3.50 front guards

Front guards of commercial vehicles with a maximum Visual inspection. If an EC type-approval mark is
permitted mass of no more than 3500 kg, that have been present, further inspection is not necessary.
taken into service after December 31, 2008, must be
approved for the vehicle on which they are fitted and
must be provided with an EC type-approval mark
meeting the requirements regarding this in Appendix
VIII, Article 112,.

77
5.3 Commercial vehicles Lights, light signals and retro-reflective features

1. Commercial vehicles must be fitted with: Subsections a up to and including e: visual
a. two large headlamps; inspection.
b. two dipped beams, on the understanding that if Subsection f: visual inspection. In case of doubt, a
the vehicle is fitted with dipped-beam headlamps measurement is taken.
with gas discharge light sources and it was taken Subsections g up to and including k: visual
into service after December 31, 2006, these light inspection.
sources must comply with the applicable Subsections l up to and including r: visual
requirements stipulated in Appendix VIII, inspection. In case of doubt, a measurement is
Articles 115 and 117, as must the installation taken.
thereof;
c. two parking lights;
d. two direction indicators on the front and two on
the back of the vehicle, or one direction indicator
on each side if the vehicle was taken into service
before July 1, 1967; the lamps of the direction
indicators of commercial vehicles taken into
service after June 30, 1967 must flash;;
e. warning indicators if the vehicle was taken into
service after December 31, 1997;
f. one side direction indicator on each side of the
vehicle, if the vehicle is longer than 6.00 m or it
was taken into service after December 31, 1997.
Direction indicators on the front of the vehicle
are regarded as side direction indicators if the
light emitted therefrom is clearly visible from a
point 6.00 m behind the front of the vehicle and
1.00 m sidewards;
g. two rear lights;
h. two break lights if the vehicle was taken into
service after June 30, 1967, or one or two break
lights if the vehicle was taken into service before
July 1, 1967;
i. a rear registration plate lamp;
j. two red retro-reflectors on the rear of the vehicle:
k. one rear fog light if the vehicle was taken into
service after December 31, 1997; this rear fog
light must be in or to the left of the central
longitudinal plane of the vehicle;
l. one reversing lamp if the vehicle after December
31, 1997 is in service and two reversing lamps if
the vehicle is longer than 6.00 m and after
December 31, 2012 is in service;
m. two marking lights on the front and two on the
rear of the vehicle, if the vehicle was taken into
service after December 31, 1997 and it is wider
than 2.10 m, or if the vehicle was taken into
service before January 1, 1998 and it is wider
than 2.60 m;

78
n. side marking lights if the vehicle was taken into

service after December 31, 1997 and it is longer
than 6.00 m. In addition, the provisions in
Appendix VIII, Articles 119 up to and including
122 apply. This lights are not mandatory for
chassis cowls;
o. amber yellow retro-reflectors on each side of the
vehicle if the vehicle is longer than 6.00 m, the
rearmost retro-reflector on the side can be red. In
this regard, the provisions in Appendix VIII,
Articles 119 up to and including 122, apply.
p. a third brake light when the allowed maximum
mass of the vehicle does not exceed 3500 kg and
the vehicle is in service after
December 31, 2012, placed such that:
20. the underside of the lamp is higher than the
upper side of the brake lamps, as referred to in
subsection h.
the third brake light is not compulsory for
chassis cabs, semi-trailer tractors and vehicles
with an open load area;
q. line marking on the rear if the vehicle is wider
than 2.10 m, after December 31, 2012 is in
service and the maximum mass exceeding
7.500 kg, additional standing requirements
apply, Article 153
r. line marking on the side if the vehicle is longer
than 6.00 m, after December 31, 2012 is in
service and the maximum mass exceeding
7.500 kg, additional standing requirements
apply, Article 153;
2. Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 1, This requirement is not tested against during the
escort vehicles as defined in Article 1, section a, of periodic inspection for the issuing of an inspection
the Administrative Provisions (Road Traffic) report.
Decree (BABW), under Article 71 of the law.
3. Notwithstanding the first paragraph, subsection p, Paragraphs 3 and 4: visual inspection.
two additional stop lights be installed if the brake
light is not on a fixed part of the upper body or
within 0.15 m from the longitudinal plane can be
confirmed.
4. The first paragraph, components q and r, is not
applicable to semi-trailer tractors.

1. Commercial vehicles used for the services defined Paragraphs 1 tot en met 3: visual inspection. This
in Article 29, paragraph 1, of RVV 1990, which are requirement is not tested against during the
allowed to display the signals indicated there, must periodic inspection for the issuing of an inspection
be fitted with retro-reflective striping, letters, report.
numbers or symbols that allow the vehicle to be
recognised as being in use for these services. These
vehicles must be fitted with yellow rotating,
79
flashing or blinking lights.

2. Paragraph 1 does not apply to commercial vehicles
during their commission for inconspicuous police
tasks.
3. Commercial vehicles used for the services defined
in Article 30b of RVV 1990, which are allowed to
bear the signals indicated there, can be fitted with
retro-reflective striping, letters, numbers or symbols
which allow the car to be recognized as being in use
for these services.
Article 5.3.53 lights required colour

1. The large lights, dipped beams, parking lights and Paragraphs 1 up to and including 7: visual
reversing lights may only radiate white or yellow inspection, with the relevant lamps switched on.
light.
2. The direction indicators and warning indicators as
well as the side direction indicators must not radiate
light other than amber yellow or white light
forwards and amber yellow or red light rearwards.
Side direction indicators must not radiate light other
than amber yellow light sidewards.
3 The rear lights and rear fog lights must not radiate
light other than red light.
4. The brake lights must not radiate light other than
red or amber yellow light.
5. The rear registration plate lamp must not radiate
light other than white light and it must not radiate
rearwards.
6. The marking lights must not radiate light other than
white light forwards, and must not radiate light other
than red light rearwards.
7. The side marking lights must not radiate light other
than amber-yellow light, with the exception of the
rear side marker light, which should emit amber
yellow or red light.
8. The line or contour marking on the side is white or Visual inspection.
yellow. The line or contour marking on the back is
red, white or yellow.
1. The lights referred to in Article 5.3.51 must work Visual inspection, for which the lights concerned
properly. If a light is formed from a number of light are turned on. The switch must automatically
sources, any defect light sources may not result in a remain in the turned on state.
reduction of more than 25% in the original light
surface.
2. The light fittings and the components thereof must Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection.
be properly secured to the vehicle. If they are
corroded the provisions in Appendix VIII, Chapter
1, Heading 2, sections 1, 2 and 3, apply.
3. The glass of the light fittings may not be damaged,
repaired or modified such that the light efficacy and
transparency or the functioning is adversely
affected. In this regard, the provisions in Appendix
80
VIII, Article 128, apply.

4. Lamps with the same function must be of practically Visual inspection, for which the lights concerned
equal size, equal colour and equal intensity. Lamps are turned on.
and retro-reflective devices with the same function
must be mounted practically symmetrically left and
right from the middle of the vehicle.
5. The lamps and retro-reflectors referred to in Article Visual inspection. During the periodic testing for
5.3.51, insofar as it concerns the light-transmitting the issue of a test report, a loadbearing device that
part, may be shielded to maximum 25%. can be removed without tools is not considered.
6. The retro-reflectors referred to in Article 5.3.51 Visual inspection.
must be free from defects, which may adversely
affect retro-reflection.
7. If the commercial vehicle, from the driver's seat is Visual inspection, where the system is operated
fitted with a unit which the dipped light settings, by hand.
can be easily adapted to the load condition, the unit
should be in good working order.

1. The dipped beam of commercial vehicles must be
set properly. In this regard, the provisions in
Appendix VIII, Articles 113 and 114, apply.
2. Commercial vehicles that are provided with a
registration containing the letter group CD or CDJ
or the letter group BN or GN and two groups of two
figures or an entry regarding deviant headlamps
under particulars in the vehicle registration register,
may be fitted with dipped-beam headlamps with a
deviant transparency. In this regard, the provisions
in Appendix VIII, Articles 113 and 114, apply.

1. Commercial vehicles may be fitted with: Subsections a up to and including r: visual
a. two front fog lights; inspection.
b. a number of large lamps; no more than four large Subsections s: visual inspection. In case of doubt a
lamps may work at any one time; measurement is taken.
c. two extra parking lights; Subsections t up to and including aa: visual
d. two extra rear lights; inspection.
e. two extra marking lights on the front and two
extra marking lights on the back, if these lights
are already mandatory pursuant to Article 5.3.51;
f. two or four marking lights on the front and twee
or four marking lights on the rear of the vehicle,
if these lights are not already mandatory pursuant
to Article 5.3.51;
h. one extra rear fog light;
i. extra reversing light;
j. parking lights;
k. two extra direction indicators and warning
indicators on the front and back of the vehicle;
l. extra side direction indicators on both sides of the
vehicle;

81
m. warning indicators on the rearmost part of the

loading and unloading board located on the side
or rear of the vehicle in the horizontal position;
n. amber yellow retro-reflectors on the sides of the
vehicle if the vehicle is not longer than 6.00 m;
the rearmost retro-reflector on the side can be
red;
o. white retro-reflectors on the front of the vehicle;
p. side marking lights, if these lights are not already
mandatory pursuant to Article 5.3.51, where
Appendix VIII, Articles 119 up to and including
122, apply;
q. working lamps;
r. a third brake light, if not already is required by
Article 5.3.51 installed under the provisions of
Article 5.3.51, paragraph 1, subsection p;
s. in deviation from subsection r two extra break
lights may be fitted to commercial vehicles with
a permitted maximum mass of no more than
3.500 kg, if the third break light cannot be
mounted on a fixed part of the body or
superstructure within 0.15 m of the central
longitudinal plane;
t. notwithstanding section r, may by commercial
vehicles with a permitted maximum mass of
more than 3.500 kg, two extra break lights can be
fitted;
u. two day driving lights;
v. illuminated transparent screens;
w. two bend lights;
x. two cornering lamps;
y. a marking on the rear of the vehicle, if the
permitted maximum mass of the vehicle is more
than 3.500 kg.
aa. One manoeuver light on each side of the vehicle.
z. full contour marking, part contour marking or
line marking at the side and full contour
marking or line marking at the rear of the
vehicle, if not already required by Article
5.3.51, here is additional standing requirements
Rule 153 applies.
2. Lights and retro-reflective devices that are Paragraphs 2 and 3, visual inspection.
mandatory pursuant to Article 5.3.51 for vehicles
that are taken into service after a date indicated in
that Article, can be mounted on vehicles that were
taken into service before or on that date if the
provisions stipulated in Article 5.3.53 regarding the
lights are complied with.
3. Commercial vehicles can be fitted with extra red
retro-reflectors on the back and extra amber yellow
retro-reflectors on the sides of the vehicle.
4. The extra reversing lights referred to in Paragraph 1,
sub. i, may be mounted on the side of the vehicle.
82
5. Illuminated transparent screens are:

a. must separately turned on;
b. may not wider than the vehicle on which the
lighting is mounted;
c. may longer than the vehicle on which the lighting
is mounted.
Article 5.3.57a rotating, flashing or blinking lights

1. Commercial vehicles used for the services defined Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. This
in Articles 29, paragraph 1 and 30b of RVV 1990, requirement is not tested during the periodic
which are allowed to bear the signals indicated inspection for the issuing of an inspection report.
there, must be provided with blue rotating, flashing
or blinking lights.
2. Commercial vehicles used for the activities laid
down in Article 30, paragraph 1, of RVV 1990, may
be fitted with yellow rotating, flashing or blinking
lights.
Article 5.3.59 colour allowed for lights

1. The front fog lights must not radiate any light other Paragraphs 1 up to and including 7: visual
than white or yellow. inspection, for which the lights concerned are
turned on.
2. The parking lights may not radiate any light other
than white forwards, and no light other than red
rearwards, or if they are built into the side direction
indicators, no light other than amber yellow light.
3. The extra direction indicators, extra warning
flashing lights and extra side direction indicators
may only emit white or amber light forward and red
or amber light to the rear.
4. The side marker lights should only emit amber light,
with the exception of the rearmost side marker light,
which should emit amber yellow or red light.
5. The marking lights and stalk marker lights may not
radiate any light other than white light forwards and
rearwards no light other than red.
6. The day driving lights, cornering lights, bend lights
and reversing lights may not radiate any light other
than white light.
7. The third brake light may not radiate any light other
than red light.
8. The marking on the back must comprise one square Visual inspection.
board, or a set of two or four square boards, which
are furnished with red fluorescent and yellow retro-
reflective parallel running diagonal stripes.

83
1. The light fittings referred to in Article 5.3.57 and the Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
components thereof must be properly secured to the
vehicle. If they are corroded, the provisions in
Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, sections 1, 2
and 3, apply.
2. The glass of the light fittings may not be damaged,
repaired or modified such that the light efficacy and
its transparency or the functioning thereof is
adversely affected. In this regard, the provisions in
Appendix VIII, Article 128, apply.
3. Lights with the same function must be of practically Visual inspection, for which the lights concerned
equal size, equal colour and equal intensity. Lights are turned on.
and retro-reflective devices with the same function
must be mounted practically symmetrically left and
right from the middle of the vehicle.

1. For commercial vehicles taken into service after Visual inspection. In case of doubt, a
December 31, 1967, the lights, light signalling and measurement is taken.
retro-reflective devices, referred to in Articles 5.3.51
and 5.3.57, must be mounted at a distance of no
more than 0.50 m from the point of the largest width
of the vehicle. For direction indicators, the first
sentence only applies insofar as the vehicle was
taken into service after December 31, 1997.
2. That determined in the first paragraph does not
apply to large lights, reversing lights, break lights,
the rear registration plate lamp, the marking on the
rear of the vehicle, rear fog lights and working
lamps.

1. Inspection lights must indicate to the driver that the Visual inspection, for which the lights concerned
following lights are on: the headlamps on full beam are turned on.
if the commercial vehicle was taken into use after
31 December 1997, the front fog lamps if the
commercial vehicle was taken into use after
31 December 2012, and the rear fog lamp.
2. Inspection lights or an acoustic signal must indicate Visual or auditive inspection, for which the lights
to the driver that the direction indicators or the concerned are turned on.
warning flashing lights are on if the commercial
vehicle was taken into use after 31 December 1997.

84

1. Commercial vehicles may not be fitted with blinding Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
lights, with the exception of the main-beam against during the periodic inspection for the
headlamp. issuing of an inspection report.
2. Commercial vehicles may, with the exception of the Visual inspection.
indicators, the warning flashers and brake lights for
the emergency stop signal not are provided with
flashing lights.
3. Paragraph 2 does not apply to passenger cars used
by the services defined in Article 29, paragraph 1,
and Article 30b of the RVV 1990.
4. Notwithstanding the second paragraph, may side Visual inspection.
marker lamps of commercial vehicles with the
direction indicators on the same side of the vehicle
simultaneously flashing.
1. Commercial vehicles must not be fitted with: Visual inspection . If light fixtures are present
a. more lights and retroreflectors that stipulated or that are not prescribed or permitted, the lights
allowed in articles 5.3.51, 5.3.51a, 5.3.57 or should not work.
5.3.57a and
b. lights or objects in the vehicle that emit light to
2. Commercial vehicles not in use for the services Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
intended in Article 29 and 30b, paragraph 1, of the against during the periodic inspection for the
RVV 1990 must not be equipped with light issuing of an inspection report.
fittings for blue rotating, flashing or blinking
lights or be fitted with fittings that give the
impression that the vehicle is equipped with such
fittings.

85
5.3 Commercial vehicles Coupling between commercial and trailer
11. Coupling between commercial vehicle and trailer

1. If the commercial vehicle is fitted with a device for Paragraph 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
coupling a trailer, this device must secure properly commercial vehicle is placed above an inspection
and it may not be fractured, broken, deformed, pit or on a lifting device.
seriously corroded, or excessively worn, without
prejudicing the provisions in Article 5.3.68, second
paragraph, subsection h. If they are corroded at the
point of attachment, the provisions in Appendix
VIII, Chapter 1, heading 2, sections 1, 2 and 3,
apply.
2. The rear crossbar, including all profiles that form a
part of it, must be properly secured and may:
a. exhibit no breaks or fractures;
b. not be corroded, with the exception of surface
corrosion.
Article 5.3.67 coupling device

If the commercial vehicle is fitted with a coupling ball The spherical part is measured using a suitable
with a ball, the diameter of the ball must be at least 49.0 measuring tool.
mm.
Article 5.3.68 jaw coupling

1. If the commercial vehicle is fitted with a coupling The contact part of the pin with the drawing eye is
jaw with a nominal pin diameter of: measured with a suitable measuring tool.
a. 40 mm, the pin diameter must be at least
36.5 mm;
b. 50 mm, the pin diameter must be at least 46 mm;
c. 57.5 mm, the pin diameter must be at least
55 mm.
2. The couplings referred to in the first paragraph must Subsection a: the pin is raised using, for example, a
fulfil the following requirements: screwdriver; the coupling must be closed and the
a. the upwards play of the pin may not be more hand lock or check pin must be rendered
than 5 mm; inoperative, insofar as this is possible, in order to
b. the radial play in the lowermost bush may not be check the play in the closing mechanism and the
more than 2 mm; uppermost bearing bush of the pin. In case of
c. the lowermost bearing bush may not be loose doubt, a measurement is taken with an appropriate
and the fixing thereof may not be bell-shaped; measuring device.
d. the closing and securing system must function Subsection b: in case of doubt, a measurement is
well; taken using, for example, a piece of round-bar steel
e. the radial play of the drawbar in the bearing in of 2 mm at a right-angle.
the rear bar may not be more than 2 mm; Subsection c: visual inspection.
f. axial play of the drawbar in the bearing in the Subsection d: visual inspection, while the coupling
rear bar is not permitted; is opened and closed.
Subsection e: the drawbar is moved up and down
and from left to right. In case of doubt, a
measurement is taken with, for example, a piece of
round-bar steel of 2 mm at a right-angle.
Subsection f: the drawbar is moved
axially.

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5.3 Commercial vehicles Coupling between commercial and trailer
g. the securing nut of the drawbar must be fastened Subsection g: visual inspection. Any dust cap is
properly and well secured; removed.
h. the part of the jaw that is intended to guide the Subsection h: visual inspection.
drawing eye when coupling may exhibit
deformation, fractures or splintering, if the
strength or the functioning of the coupling
including the closing and securing system is not
adversely affected. Repairing it using welding is
permitted..
Article 5.3.69 satellite link, coupling

1. If the commercial vehicle is fitted with a dish In case of doubt, a measurement is taken in all
coupling of 2 or 3.5 inches, the: directions over the centre of the dish using a
a. roughness of the dish may not be more than suitable measuring tool and a steel straightedge.
3.5 mm;
b. roughness of the dish, in deviation from that
determined under a, with respect to the farthest
left and right side over a width of 50 mm,
measured from the outer edge of the dish, may
not be more than 5 mm. This paragraph does not
apply to the plastic parts of the dish coupling
that are intended to serve as a wearing surface.
2. A dish coupling must be properly secured. Visual inspection.
3. The play in the closing system of a 2 inch dish Check using:
coupling shall, based on a non-worn 2 inch pin, not a. a standard 2 inch pin, which complies with the
exceed 2 mm in the longitudinal direction of the new size tolerances and is provided with a flat
vehicle. plate where the protruding part of the pin has a
height of at least 82.5 and maximum 82.7 mm,
or
b. a trailer with a 2 inch pin while accounting for
any measured wear of the pin. In case of doubt,
a measurement is taken with an appropriate
measuring device.
4. The closing and securing system must function Visual inspection while the closing and securing
properly. system is opened and closed.

87
5.3 Commercial vehicles Miscellaneous
12. Miscellaneous

1. Commercial vehicles must at least be fitted with an Visual and auditory control, where the horn is
audible warning device that comprises a properly activated.
working horn with a fixed pitch. A system of such
simultaneously working horns is considered as one
horn..
2. Commercial vehicles may be fitted with an audible Paragraphs 2 through 5: visual and auditory
warning device that alerts other road users about the control. This requirement is not tested against
fact that the vehicle has been put into reverse gear, during the periodic inspection for the issuing of an
as well as with an audible warning device to prevent inspection report.
the unauthorised use or theft of the vehicle.
3. Hybrid electric or electric commercial vehicles can
be fitted with an acoustic vehicle warning system
that operates until the vehicle has reached a speed
of 25 km/h.
4. Commercial vehicles used by the services defined
in Article 29, paragraph 1, of the Regulation on
traffic rules and traffic signs (RVV), which are
allowed to bear the signals indicated there, must be
provided with a two-tone horn.
5. With the exception of commercial vehicles used for
the services defined in Article 30b of RVV 1990
that are allowed to be equipped with the signals
mentioned, commercial vehicles are not allowed to
be fitted with other audible devices than intended in
paragraphs 1 up to and including 4.

88
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles General
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles

A three-wheeled motor vehicle must satisfy the requirements specified in this section and will be assessed in
accordance with the corresponding method of testing, with Appendix VIII applying where appropriate.
0. General
1. The details of the three-wheeled motor vehicle must Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection; during the
correspond to the details shown on the registration general periodic testing for the issue of an
card or certificate issued for the vehicle and those in inspection report, the requirements regarding
the vehicle registration register. Appendix VIII, Articles 2 and 3 apply.
2. The three-wheeled motor vehicle must be fitted at
the rear and may be fitted at the front with the
correct vehicle registration plate.
in the chassis or frame and must be readily readable.
4. The registration plates must be securely fastened Visual inspection. The requirement for the
and include the approval mark prescribed in Article approval mark will not be inspected during the
5 of the Vehicle Registration regulations general periodic inspection for the issue of an
inspection report.
5. The registration plate at the rear may not be covered Visual inspection, in which the letters and numbers
and the registration number must be clearly visible. must be completely visible to the viewer at a
distance of 20.00 m behind the centre of the three-
wheeled motor vehicle.

89
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles General construction characteristics of
the vehicle
Article 5.5.3 chassis frame, integral body, frame, front and rear fork
1. The longitudinal member, cross member and chassis Paragraphs 1 up to and including 3: visual
reinforcement components of the chassis framework inspection.
of three-wheeled motor vehicles, or the components
of the integral bodywork that replace these, may
not:
a. show any cracks or breakage, and
b. be fastened, deformed or affected by corrosion in
such a way that the rigidity and strength of the
chassis framework or of the integral bodywork is
endangered. If corrosion exists, the requirements
sections 1, 2 and 3 apply.
2. If the three-wheeled motor vehicle consists of a
frame with front or rear fork, these sections may
not:
a. show any cracks or breakage;
b. be rusted through, and
c. be deformed to such an extent that their rigidity
and strength is endangered.
3. The components that form part of the frame or
integral construction must be fastened securely.

The superstructure of three-wheeled motor vehicles must Visual inspection.
be securely fastened on the undercarriage or frame.

90
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Dimensions and weights

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles introduced after Paragraphs 1 and 2: in case of doubt, a
October 31, 1997 may not be: measurement is taken, and Article 5.1a.1 applies.
a. longer than 4.00 m;
2. Three-wheeled motor vehicles introduced before
November 1, 1997 may not be:
a. longer than 12.00 m;

1. The unladened mass of three-wheeled motor Paragraphs 1 and 2: in case of doubt, the vehicle is
vehicles introduced after February 1, 1999 must not weighed. This requirement is not be inspected
exceed the value specified for the vehicle in during the periodic inspection for the issue of an
question in the vehicle registration register or on the inspection report.
vehicle registration card or certificate, and may in
any event not exceed 1000 kg.
2. The total mass of three-wheeled motor vehicles
introduced after February 1, 1999 must not exceed
the value specified for the vehicle in question in the
vehicle registration register and in any event must
not exceed:
a. 1300 kg for three-wheeled motor vehicles used
for the transport of passengers;
b. 2500 kg for three-wheeled motor vehicles used
for the transport of goods.

91
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Engine and fuel systems
Article 5.5.9 fuel-systems

1. All components of the fuel systems or the electrical Visual inspection of all fuel systems present.
propulsion of three-wheeled motor vehicles must be
safe and securely fastened. If corrosion exists, the
Heading 2, sections 1, 2 and 3 apply.
2. The fuel systems may show no leaks. Visual inspection with and without the engine
running. If the engine is equipped with more than
one fuel system, all of the fuel systems will be
inspected for leaks, if possible. A system for gas,
whether or not compressed into liquid form, must
be tested using a means of making leakage visible,
while the contact is switched on.
3. The opening of a fuel tank must be closed with a Visual inspection.
suitable cap.

1. If the three-wheeled motor vehicle is fitted with an
LPG-installation, then without prejudice to the
provisions of Article 5.5.9, this must satisfy the
requirements specified in the following paragraphs.
2. The LPG tank: Paragraphs 2 up to and including 8: visual
a. must be fixed permanently to the vehicle; inspection.
b. may not be affected by corrosion, except for
corrosion of the surface, and
c. may not be dented.
3. The LPG tank may not be placed in the engine
space.
4. The LPG tank must be fitted with a reliable,
gasproof casing that opens into the open air if the
vehicle was introduced after March 31, 1979, unless
the tank is placed in the open air.
5. No other users may be connected to the LPG
installation than those that are strictly necessary for
the correct operation of the vehicle engine.
6. If the vehicle was introduced after September 30,
1978, filling the tank may only be possible outside
the vehicle. The filling connector must be fitted with
a dust cap, unless it is protected from dirt and water.
7. The piping may not be bent and may not be affected
by corrosion, except for corrosion of the surface.
8. The tubing in which the gas is transported may not
be damaged in such a way that the reinforcement
material is visible. Tubing that has metal
reinforcement on the outside may not show any
damage.

92

1. If the three-wheeled motor vehicle is fitted with a
CNG-installation, then without prejudice to the
provisions of Article 5.5.9, this must satisfy the
requirements specified in the paragraphs 2 up to and
including 8.
2. The CNG tank: Paragraphs 2 through 5: visual inspection.
a. must be fixed permanently to the vehicle, and
b. may not be dented.
3. The CNG tank may not be placed in the engine
space.
4. The expiry date of the approval certificate and if Visual inspection. This requirement is not
applicable the re-approval certificate of a CNG tank inspected during the periodic inspection for the
must not have lapsed. issue of an inspection report.
5. No other users may be connected to the CNG-
installation than those that are strictly necessary for
the correct operation of the vehicle engine, with the
exception of a heating system for the passenger
space or the stowage space.
6. If the vehicle was introduced after July 1, 1995, the Visual inspection, in which the contact is switched
vehicle must be fitted with a correctly working on and a check is carried out that the coil is
automatic tank seal. energized. The engine is then started, the
handbrake is activated and the highest gear is
engaged. The clutch is used to stall the engine,
after which the energization must cease. If it is not
possible to carry out a test in this way, then start
the engine and after switching to CNG, check
whether the coil is energized; after that check with
the contact switched off whether the energization
has ceased.
7. The components of the CNG system must be free of Paragraphs 7 up to and including 10: visual
serious damage and may not be affected by inspection.
corrosion, except for corrosion of the surface.
8. The pipes and tubing that transport the gas may not
show any kinks.
9. The tubing in which the gas is transported may not
be damaged in such a way that the reinforcement
material is visible.

93

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with a combustion Visual and auditory inspection.
engine must be fitted with an exhaust system that is
gas-tight over the entire length, with the exception
of the drainage holes.
2. The exhaust system must be securely fastened. Visual inspection.
3. In the vicinity of the tail pipe of the exhaust system, Paragraphs 3 and 4: Auditive inspection. If
three-wheeled motor vehicles must not produce a applicable, a Class 1 sound meter is used to
sound level 2 dB(A) higher than the value that is establish whether or not the sound level is
stated in the vehicle registration register. Here that exceeded.
stated in Appendix VIII, Articles 33, 34, 35,
applies.
4. The exhaust system must be suitably sound Auditory inspection..
insulating.
Article 5.5.12 battery and wiring

1. The battery of three-wheeled motor vehicles must Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
be securely fastened.
2. The electrical wiring of three-wheeled motor
vehicles must be securely fastened and properly
insulated.

The parts of the electric drive line of electric or hybrid Visual inspection.
electric three-wheeled motor vehicles:
a. must be sound;
cable set;

94

1. The engine supports of three-wheeled motor Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
vehicles must be securely fastened to the chassis or
bodywork and to the engine. If the engine and the
gearbox are combined, then the gearbox supports
are also regarded as engine supports. If corrosion
exists, the requirements regarding Appendix VIII,
Chapter 1, Heading 2, sections 1, 2 and 3 apply.
2. The engine supports may not be seriously damaged,
the rubbers may not be torn and the vulcanization
may not have come completely free.

95
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Power transmission
Article 5.5.15 speedometer

Three-wheeled motor vehicles that were introduced after Visual inspection. The operation and legibility will
November 26, 1975 must be fitted with a correctly not be inspected during the periodic inspection for
working speedometer, which is also clearly legible for the issue of an inspection report.
the driver at night.

1. The propulsion system of three-wheeled motor Visual inspection. A completely torn through
vehicles and its fastening must be reliable and flexible connection is allowed provided the drive
secure. If corrosion exists, the requirements shaft remains in place.
2. Dust covers of drive shafts must be securely Visual inspection.
fastened and may not be damaged to such an extent
that the covers no longer provide good protection.
.

96
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Axles
5. Axles

1. The axles of three-wheeled motor vehicles must be Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
securely fastened and may show no cracks or
fractures. If corrosion exists, the requirements
2. The axles may not be deformed in such a way that
their strength is endangered.
3. The axles may not be fastened, damaged or Visual inspection. In case of doubt, a road test is
deformed in such a way that the road performance carried out.
of the vehicle deteriorates.
4. The axles may not be affected by corrosion in such Visual inspection.
a way that their strength is endangered. Where
wheel guiding elements are concerned, this
requirement is satisfied if they are not rusted
through. If a wheel guiding element is rusted
through, this may not have been repaired. If
corrosion exists at the site of the fastening, the
Article 5.5.19 kingpins, steering bearings, steering bushes and ball joints
1. The king pins, steering bearings, steering bushes Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
and ball joints of three-wheeled motor vehicles
must be securely fastened.
2. Dust covers of ball joints must be securely fastened
and may not be damaged to such an extent that the
covers no longer provide good protection.
3. The kingpins, steering bearings, steering bushes and The play is made visible in the correct manner.
ball joints and the other pivot points of a fully In case of doubt, the play is measured with a
independent wheel suspension may not show too suitable measuring instrument.
much play. The requirements regarding Appendix
VIII, Articles 46, 47 and 48 apply.
4. If part of the interior of the ball joint casing and the If the cover is damaged or missing, visual
ball joint is visible because the dust cover is inspection is carried out.
damaged or missing, this section must show no
corrosion.

1. The wheel bearings of three-wheeled motor vehicles Visual inspection. The play is made visible in the
may not show too much play. The requirements correct manner. In case of doubt, the play is
regarding Appendix VIII, Article 49 apply. measured with a suitable measuring instrument.
2. Signs of wear or damage must not be heard or felt. Visual and auditory inspection, in which the wheel
is turned, with or without the use of equipment. If
necessary, a road test will be carried out.

97
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Axles
Article 5.5.21 wheel base

1. The wheel base of three-wheeled motor vehicles This requirement has already been inspected in
may not deviate by more than 2.0% from the value Article 5.5.1.
specified for the vehicle in the vehicle registration
register of vehicles, or may not deviate by more
than 60 mm if it is a three-wheeled motor vehicle
with chain drive.
2. Barring manufacturing deviations, the wheel base of Visual inspection, in case of doubt, a measurement
three-wheeled motor vehicles on four wheels may is taken.
not differ by more than 15 mm measured on the left
or right.

1. The wheels, respectively rims, of three-wheeled Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, while the
motor vehicles may show no fractures, cracks, wheel can turn freely.
unsound welding, serious corrosion or serious
deformation.
2. The wheels, respectively rims, must be securely
fastened with all the fastenings intended for this
purpose.

Stabilisers must be securely fastened and may show no Visual inspection.
cracks or breakage.

98
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Ophanging
6. Suspension

1. The wheels of three-wheeled motor vehicles must Visual inspection. This requirement will not be
be fitted with pneumatic tyres. inspected during the periodic inspection for the
issue of an inspection report.
2. The tyres may show no damage in which the Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection, in which the
carcass is visible. wheel is turned around.
3. The tyres may show no bulges.
4. The profile of the main grooves of the tyres must be Visual inspection, in which the wheel is turned
at least 1.6 mm over the entire circumference of the around. In case of doubt, the profile depth is
tread, with the exception of wear indicators. measured with the profile depth meter. The
minimum profile depth is measured in the wide
grooves in which the maximum depth is specified
by the manufacturer, and in the grooves in which a
wear indicator is present.
5. The tyres may not have been reprofiled. Reprofiling Visual inspection, in which the wheel is turned
exists if wear indicators have been cut away, if the around.
profile shape of the groove is different from the
original profile shape or if the carcass of the tyre is
visible in the base of the groove.
6. The rotational direction indicated on the tyre should Visual inspection.
in the three-wheeled motor vehicles forward drive
position. A tyre must be mounted so that it
corresponds with marking of the tyre manufacturer's
on the tyre that the rotation direction or the inside or
the outside indicates.
7. The tread of the tyres may not contain metal Visual inspection. This requirement will not be
elements that can protrude during driving. inspected during the periodic inspection for the
8. The tyres on one axle must have the same size Visual inspection. An emergency wheel or spare
indication, except when an emergency wheel or wheel with a different size indication is not
spare wheel is in use. allowed during the periodic inspection for the issue
of an inspection report.
9. The tyres should be at the correct pressure in Visual inspection using an effective tyre pressure
accordance with the vehicle manufacturers gauge. The correct minimum tyre pressure is
specifications for the vehicle concerned. If no tyre determined using the tyre pressure table located in
pressure is prescribed by the vehicle manufacturer or on the vehicle. If differentiation in tyre pressures
the tyres on one axle must have the same tyre is indicated this must be taken into account. If the
pressure. fitted tyre size is not indicated the tyre pressure of
the most similar tyre size must be used. If the table
is not legible or available information from the tyre
or vehicle manufacturer must be used. If no
information is available from the tyre or vehicle
manufacturer the highest tyre pressure is used as
reference value. The tyres on one axle must have
the same tyre pressure with a maximum tolerance
of 0.3 bar. If it is found that a tyres pressure is too
low it must be inflated to the correct tyre pressure.

99
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Ophanging

1. If the three-wheeled motor vehicle is fitted with a Visual inspection. In case of doubt, a road test is
spring system, this must work correctly. carried out.
2. The components of the spring system may show no Visual inspection.
cracks or fractures, may not be seriously damaged
by corrosion and must be securely fastened. Where
spring cups are concerned, this requirement is
satisfied if they are not rusted through. If a spring
cup is rusted through, this may not have been
repaired. If corrosion exists at the site of the
fastening, the requirements regarding Appendix
VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, sections 1, 2 and 3
apply.
3. If the three-wheeled motor vehicle is fitted with Visual inspection, in which the three-wheeled
shock absorbers, these must be securely fastened motor vehicle is compressed several times if
and work correctly. possible. In case of doubt, a road test is carried out.

100
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Steering gear
7. Steering gear

1. The steered wheels of three-wheeled motor vehicles Visual inspection in which, with the wheels at the
must respond well to the steering wheel being position for driving straight ahead, the steering
turned. wheel is turned to the left and the right with an
angular displacement of at least 15, if necessary
with the engine running. The steered wheels must
change position.
2. When the steering wheel is turned to its limit, no Visual inspection in which the power steering is
resistance must be felt and the wheels, respectively made inoperative. The steered wheels are moved to
tyres, must be able to turn freely. the furthest left and right steering positions, during
which the weight may be partially lifted from the
steered wheels.
3. The components intended for transmitting the Visual inspection. While the mass of the three-
steering movements must be securely fastened with wheeled motor vehicle rests on the wheels, the
all the fastening and securing equipment intended steering wheel is turned to the right and left with
for this purpose, may show no cracks or breakage, short, vigorous movements.
may not be deformed and may not be seriously
affected by corrosion. If corrosion exists, the
4. Dust covers of the steering gear housing and Visual inspection.
steering ball joints must be securely fastened and
may not be damaged to such an extent that the
covers no longer provide good protection.
5. Connections must be able to achieve a transmission Paragraphs 5 and 6: visual inspection. The steering
that is visibly free of play. wheel is turned slowly to the left and right and
moved axially.
6. Flexible connections may not be seriously torn and
the vulcanization may not have come loose to a
serious extent. The requirements regarding
Appendix VIII, Article 51 apply.
7. The connections in the linkage may not show too Visual inspection. To make visible:
much play. The requirements regarding Appendix a. radial play, the steering wheel is turned to the
VIII, Article 52 apply. right and left with short, vigorous movements
while the mass of the three-wheeled motor
vehicle rests on the wheels;
b. axial play, pushing and pulling forces are
exerted on the steering ball or steering
connection.
In case of doubt, the play is measured with a
suitable measuring instrument.
8. If part of the interior of the steering joint housing If the cover is damaged or missing, visual
and the steering ball joint is visible because the dust inspection is carried out.
cover is damaged or missing, this section must
show no corrosion.

101
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Steering gear
9. The power steering must function correctly. To test the power steering, the steering wheel is
moved to the left and the right while the engine is
turned off. The steering wheel is then again turned
to the left and the right while the engine is running,
and the working of the power transmission must be
felt.
10. Tubing that is part of the power steering may not be Visual inspection.
damaged in such a way that the reinforcement
material is visible and may not come into contact
with any moving parts.
11. The elements of the steering power assistance may Visual inspection. With the engine running, the
not show serious signs of leakage. steering wheel is turned as far as it will go and held
there.
Article 5.5.30 front fork and head bearings

1. If the three-wheeled motor vehicle is fitted with a Visual inspection, in which the front wheel is
front fork, this must be able to turn in the steering moved to the furthest left and right steering
head without heavy points. positions, while the mass of the three-wheeled
motor vehicle rests on the ground.
2. The steering head bearings may show no visible Visual inspection, in which the three-wheeled
play. motor vehicle is moved forwards and the front
wheel brake is then operated, or no weight is
placed on the front wheel and the front fork is
moved.

102
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Brake system
8. Brake system

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles must be fitted with a Subsections a up to and including c: visual
braking system in which the: inspection.
a. components are securely fastened with the Subsection d: visual inspection. If there is doubt
fastening and securing equipment intended for about the reliability of the braking system, the
this purpose; If corrosion exists, the requirements braking system is put under pressure, described
regarding Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, from here on as pressure test. For a hydraulic
sections 1, 2 and 3 apply; braking system, the brake pedal is pressed down
b. components are not seriously damaged by slowly, until a force of 700 N is exerted on the
corrosion. If corrosion of the brake line or brake pedal. This force is exerted for about 10 seconds,
disc exists, the requirements regarding Appendix during which time the pedal may not reach its
VIII, Articles 53 and 54 apply. limit. If there is a power braking system present,
c. components are not damaged, cracked or broken; the pressure test is carried out while the engine is
d. components show no internal or external running.
leakage. Subsection e: visual inspection.
e. brake discs may not show wear to such an extent
that there is a risk of fracture.
2. The power braking and braking force regulator must To test the vacuum power braking, the stored
work properly. vacuum is first used up by pressing down the brake
pedal several times while the engine is turned off.
The engine is then started while the brake pedal is
kept pressed down, and as a result of the
generation of the vacuum, the pedal should sink
down further.
Visual inspection of the braking force regulator, in
which the brake is operated while the engine is
running. The weight may be taken off the axle
while doing this.
3. The brake pedal, respectively brake lever, may not Test by pressing down the brake pedal. In case of
be bent to such an extent that the pedal or the handle doubt, the pedal is pressed down with a force of no
can be pressed down to its limit. more than 700 N.
4. The surface of the brake pedal must be rough. Visual inspection.
5. Brake hoses may not: Subsection a: visual inspection
a. be seriously deformed. If a brake hose is Subsection b: visual inspection, in which the
deformed, the requirements regarding Appendix steered wheels are moved to the extreme left and
VIII, Articles 55 and 56 apply; right-hand steering position.
b. chafe against other vehicle parts, and Subsection c: visual inspection.
c. be damaged in such a way that the reinforcement
material is visible. Hoses that have metal
reinforcement on the outside may not show any
damage.
6. Brake cables may not be frayed and must move Visual inspection, in which the brake is operated.
freely.
7. Wheels fitted with a drum brake must be able to Visual inspection by turning the wheels by hand
turn in both directions when the brakes are not while free of the ground.
applied without the brake lining dragging. The
brake lining of wheels fitted with disc brakes may
drag slightly in both directions when the brakes are
not applied.

103
8. While braking, the brake drum or brake disc may Visual inspection. If the brake lining cannot be
not be touched by components intended as carrier or made visible without dismantling, the brake is
fastener of the brake lining. operated while the wheel is turned by hand or using
a wheel spinner. No grating noises of metal on
metal must be heard.
9. The necessary freedom of movement of the brake Visual inspection.
components may not be obstructed.
10. Brake cylinders must be fitted with dust covers that Visual inspection. The covers are checked insofar
may not be seriously damaged. as this is possible without dismantling.
11. The components of an anti-lock braking system: Visual inspection.
a. must be securely fastened with the fastening and
securing equipment intended for this purpose;
b. may not be seriously damaged by corrosion;
c. may not be damaged, cracked or broken, and
d. may show no leakage.
12. Anti-lock braking systems must function well and The contact is switched on and the warning lamp
must be provided with a reliable warning system must light up. The engine is then started. If the
that comes into operation as soon as the system warning lamp goes out, it can be assumed that the
fails. system is working. If necessary, a road test will be
carried out.

Sufficient brake fluid must be present in the reservoirs of Visual inspection, in which the brake fluid level
the hydraulic braking system. may not be lower than the minimum indicator.

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles introduced after Paragraphs 1 up to and including 4:
March 31, 1990 must be fitted with a service Inspection must take place by means of a road test.
brake for which the braking deceleration on a dry The speed at the start of the braking test must be
or practically dry and approximately horizontal about 50 km/h.
road: Brake deceleration is established using an
a. is at least 4.5 m/s2 for a pedal pressure of no electronic, self-registering brake deceleration meter
more than 500 N, respectively for a pressure on as follows:
the braking lever of no more than 200 N;
b. is at least 4.0 m/s2 for a pedal pressure of no
more than 700 N, respectively for a pressure on
the braking lever of no more than 200 N, for a a. if the brake deceleration meter indicates a
vehicle introduced before April 1, 1997 that is resulting or average value, this value applies
intended for the transport of goods; as the minimum brake deceleration that was
c. in case of a combined braking system: achieved;
1. is at least 4.5 m/s2 when the combined braking b. if the braking deceleration cannot be
system is used, and established as specified in subsection a, the
2. is at least 2.2 m/s2 when the other service value is taken that is determined using the
brake or auxiliary brake is used. measurement table on the record chart, by
taking the average of all measured values that
are equal to or greater than the minimum
required braking deceleration and are
measured during at least half a second;

104
c. if the braking deceleration cannot be

established as specified in subsection a or b,
the braking deceleration is taken to be the
value that is determined as follows using the
graph on the record chart:
1. if no sudden increase in the braking
deceleration was observed at the moment
when the vehicle had practically reached
a standstill, the highest braking
deceleration value achieved is used;
2. if a sudden increase in the braking
deceleration was observed at the moment
when the vehicle had practically reached
a standstill, the value of the braking
deceleration achieved just before this
increase is used.
If it is possible to establish on a braking test system
that the braking deceleration is satisfactory, the test
on the road can be omitted. Brake deceleration
achieved during the brake test is calculated by
adding the brake forces to each other and then
dividing the sum by the mass of the empty vehicle,
mentioned on the vehicle registration, plus 100 kg.
2. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with an unloaded
mass of more than 400 kg, introduced after
November 26, 1975 but before April 1, 1990, must
be fitted with a service brake for which the braking
deceleration on a dry or practically dry and
approximately horizontal road must be at least
4.0 m/s2 for a pedal pressure of no more than
700 N, or a pressure on the brake lever of no more
than 200 N.
3. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with an unloaded
mass of more than 400 kg, introduced after
November 26, 1975 but before April 1, 1990, must
be fitted with a service brake for which the braking
deceleration on a dry or practically dry and
approximately horizontal road must be at least
4.0 m/s2; for vehicles with two braking systems, this
value must be achieved when both brakes are used
together, while the braking deceleration must be at
least 1.7 m/s2 when each braking system is used on
its own.
4. Three-wheeled motor vehicles introduced before
November 27, 1975 must be fitted with a service
brake for which the braking deceleration on a dry or
practically dry and approximately horizontal road
must be at least 3.8 m/s2; for vehicles with two
braking systems, this value must be achieved when
both brakes are used together.

105
5. The service brake of three-wheeled motor vehicles While the wheels are free of the ground, the brake
with an unladen mass less than 400 kg introduced pedal or brake lever is pushed down gently to
after 31 March 1990 and of three-wheeled motor check that every wheel is braked.
vehicles with an unladen mass exceeding 400 kg
must operate on all the wheels.
6. Three-wheeled motor vehicles may not swerve on a If a braking test is carried out on the road, the
dry or practically dry road as a result of a difference speed at the start of the braking test must be about
in braking effect between the wheels of each axle. 50 km/h. If a braking test system is used, the
difference in braking forces between the wheels on
one axle may not be more than 30% of the highest
measured braking force, for which the wheels do
not jam.
Article 5.5.39 brake delay parking brake

It must be possible to lock one of the brakes of three- While one or two wheels are free of the ground, the
wheeled motor vehicles in its limit position, unless a locking or securing system is put into operation, to
separate locking system is present. check that one of the axles is braked.

106
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Body
9. Body
Article 5.5.41 doors, loading doors, bonnet and boot lid

1. The doors of three-wheeled motor vehicles must Visual inspection, in which the doors are opened
close properly. It must be possible to open the doors and closed.
giving direct access to the passenger area in a
normal way from the inside and the outside.
2. The lock and hinges of the bonnet and the boot lid Visual inspection, in which the bonnet and boot lid
of the vehicle must ensure that they close securely. are opened and closed.
3. The fastening of the hinges of the doors, the bonnet Visual inspection.
and the boot lid may not be seriously damaged by
corrosion. The requirements regarding Appendix
apply.
Article 5.5.42 windscreens

1. The windscreen and the side windows beside the Visual inspection.
driver's seat of three-wheeled motor vehicles may
show no damage or discoloration. Where the
windscreen is concerned, the requirements
regarding Appendix VIII, Articles 91 to 95 apply.
2. The windscreen and the side windows beside the Visual inspection. This requirement will not be
driver's seat of three-wheeled motor vehicles may inspected during the periodic inspection for the
not be fitted with unnecessary items that obstruct issue of an inspection report.
the view of the driver.
3. The permeability to light of the windscreen and the Visual inspection in which measurements are made
side windows beside the driver's seat may not be in case of doubt. This requirement will not be
less than 55%. inspected during the periodic inspection for the
4. If the three-wheeled motor vehicle is not fitted with Visual inspection.
a right-hand outside mirror, the rear window may
show no damage or discoloration.
5. If the three-wheeled motor vehicle is not fitted with Visual inspection. This requirement will not be
a right-hand outside mirror, the rear window may inspected during the periodic inspection for the
not be fitted with unnecessary items that obstruct issue of an inspection report.
the view of the driver.

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with a windscreen Visual inspection. If when the system is turned on
must be fitted with a properly working windscreen at least one setting works, and this is not the
wiper system that gives the driver a clear enough interval setting, no further inspection is necessary.
view.
2. The first paragraph does not apply to three-wheeled
motor vehicles with a windscreen that have an
unloaded mass of no more than 400 kg and were
introduced before November 27, 1975.
3. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with a windscreen Visual inspection, in which the system is put into
that were introduced after December 31, 1994 must operation.
be fitted with a properly working windscreen
washer system.

107
Article 5.5.44 defrosting and demisting unit

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with a windscreen Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, in which the
that were introduced after June 16, 2003 must be system is put into operation.
fitted with a properly working system for thawing
and defogging the windscreen.
2. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with a windscreen
and with closed bodywork that were introduced
after December 31, 1994 but before June 17, 2003
must be fitted with a properly working system for
thawing and defogging the windscreen.

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles must be fitted with a Paragraphs 1 up to and including 5: visual
left-hand outside mirror. This requirement does not inspection.
apply to vehicles:
a. with an unloaded mass of no more than 400 kg;
b. in which the position of the driver is such that he
can see the section of road that is behind him
from his seat, and
c. which were introduced before November 27,
1975.
2. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with closed
bodywork must be fitted with an interior mirror.
This requirement does not apply to vehicles that
were introduced before June 17, 2003 and satisfy
the conditions stated in the first paragraph,
subsections a and b..
3. Three-wheeled motor vehicles must be fitted with a
right-hand outside mirror if the section of the road
behind the vehicle cannot be seen satisfactorily
using the required interior mirror. If the interior
mirror does not allow the driver to see behind the
vehicle, it is not necessary for it to be present.
4. The mirrors must be securely fastened.
5. The mirror glass of the compulsory mirrors may
show no signs of cracks and may not be seriously
weather-stained.
Article 5.5.46 seats, footrest, pedals

1. The seats of three-wheeled motor vehicles must be Visual inspection.
fastened securely to the vehicle. If corrosion exists,
1, Heading 2, sections 1, 2 and 3 apply.
2. The seats and backrests of three-wheeled motor Visual inspection. If the seat is locked in the
vehicles must be securely fastened to the vehicle. It position in which it is found, the requirement in
must be possible to lock the systems incorporated relation to locking is satisfied.
by the manufacturer for adjusting the positions of
the seats and backrests. If corrosion exists, the

108
Article 5.5.47 occupant protection

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with closed Paragraphs 1 up to and including 3: visual
bodywork that were introduced after June 16, 2003 inspection.
must be fitted with seatbelts for all seats facing
forward and backward.
2. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with closed
bodywork that were introduced after December
31, 1989 but before June 17, 2003 must be fitted
with seatbelts for all seats facing forward.
3. The first and second paragraphs do not apply to
folding seats and seats that are solely intended for
use when the vehicle is stationary.
4. The seatbelts must be securely fastened and may not Visual inspection, in which any roller seatbelts are
be damaged. Pilling of the seatbelt is not regarded fully extended.
as damage. If corrosion exists at the site of the
fastening, the requirements regarding Appendix
apply.
5. The seatbelts must be fitted with a properly working Visual inspection. The seatbelt is inserted into the
locking device and a properly working blocking lock. If the belt is fitted with a roller mechanism,
system. Roller mechanisms must operate in such a the belt is put on. The blocking is tested by pulling
way that the seatbelt fits snugly after being secured. on the belt; if this is not decisive, the blocking of
the belt is tested during a braking test on the road.
Article 5.5.48 external security under other wheel and lateral protection
1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles may have no sharp Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
components that could represent a risk of physical
injury for other road users in case of a collision.
2. Without prejudice to the provisions of the first
paragraph, protruding elements of three-wheeled
motor vehicles, which could considerably increase
the risk of physical injury for other road users in
case of a collision, must be protected.
3. The provisions of the first and second paragraphs do Visual inspection in which the height is measured
not apply to vehicle components that are more than in case of doubt.
2.00 m above the road surface.
4. The wheels, respectively tyres, of three-wheeled Paragraphs 4 and 5: visual inspection.
motor vehicles may not run out of true.
5. No component on the outside of a three-wheeled
motor vehicle may be fastened, damaged or affected
by corrosion in such a way that there is a risk of it
coming loose.

109
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Lights, light signals and retro-reflective features

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles must be fitted with: Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
a. two main beams;
b. two dipped beams;
c. two side lamps;
d. two indicators at the front and two indicators at
the back of the vehicle, or one indicator at each
side if the vehicle was introduced before July
1, 1967; the lamp of the indicators of vehicles
introduced after June 30, 1967 must flash;
e. two rear lamps;
f. two brake lamps if the vehicle was introduced
after June 30, 1967, or one or two brake lamps if
the vehicle was introduced before July 1, 1967;
g. one rear registration plate lamp;
h. two red retro-reflectors at the rear of the vehicle.
2. The lamps referred to in the first paragraph,
subsections d and f, are not compulsory for three-
wheeled motor vehicles with an unloaded mass of
no more than 400 kg, introduced before November
27, 1975, in which the position of the driver is such
that arm signals given by the driver are clearly
visible both to approaching and following traffic.
3. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with a width not Visual inspection. In case of doubt, measurements
exceeding 1.30 m may, contrary to the provisions of are taken.
the first paragraph, subsections a, b, c, e, f and h, be
fitted with::
a. one main beam;
b. one dipped beam;
c. one side lamp;
d. one rear lamp;
e. one brake lamp;
f. one red retro-reflector.

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles used for the services Paragraphs 1 through 3: visual inspection. This
defined in Article 29, paragraph 1, of RVV 1990, requirement is not checked during the periodic
which are allowed to display the signals indicated inspection that is used to issue an inspection report.
there, must be fitted with retro-reflective striping,
letters, numbers or symbols which allow the vehicle
to be recognised as being in use for these services.
These vehicles must be equipped with yellow
rotating, flashing or blinking lights.
2. Paragraph 1 does not apply to three-wheeled motor
vehicles when operating as unmarked police
vehicles.

110
3. Three-wheeled motor vehicles used for the services

defined in Article 30b of RVV 1990, which are
allowed to bear the signals indicated there, can be
fitted with retro-reflective striping, letters, numbers
or symbols which allow the vehicle to be
recognized as being in use for these services.
Article 5.5.53 lights required colour

1. The main beam headlamps, dipped beam headlamps Paragraphs 1 up to and including 5: visual
and side lamps may not emit any light other than inspection, with the lights in question switched on.
white or yellow.
2. The indicator lights may not emit any other colour
than amber yellow or white to the front and any
other colour than amber yellow or red to the back.
3. The rear lamps may not emit any light other than
red.
4. The brake lamps may not emit any light other than
red or amber yellow.
5. The rear registration plate illumination may not be
any colour other than white and may not be directed
backwards.
1. The lamps referred to in Articles 5.5.51 must work Visual inspection, in which the lights in question
properly. If a lamp is formed by more than one are switched on. The switch must automatically
source of light, faulty light sources may not reduce remain in the switched on position.
the originally illuminated surface by more than 25%.
2. The light fittings and their components must be Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection.
securely fastened to the vehicle. If corrosion exists,
1, Heading 2, sections 1, 2 and 3 apply.
3. The glass sections of the light fittings must not be
damaged, repaired or modified in such a way that
the light yield and the light shape, or the functioning
of the lamps, are detrimentally affected. The
requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Article 128
apply.
4. Lamps with the same function must be of more or Visual inspection, in which the lights in question
less the same size, same colour and same strength. are switched on.
Lamps and retro-reflective devices that have the
same function must be fitted more or less
symmetrically on the left and right of the centre of
the vehicle.
5. For the lamps and retro-reflectors referred to in Visual inspection. During the periodic inspection
Articles 5.5.51, no more than 25% of the sections for the issue of an inspection report, a goods
that allow light through may be covered. carrier that can removed without tools is not
included in the test.
6. The retro-reflectors referred to in Article 5.5.51 may Visual inspection.
not have any defects that affect the retroreflection.
7. If a three-wheeled motor vehicle, from the driver's Visual inspection, in which the system is operated
seat is fitted with a unit which the dipped light by hand.
settings, can be easily adapted to the load condition,
the unit should be in good working order.
111

1. The dipped beams of three-wheeled motor vehicles
must be correctly adjusted. The requirements
regarding Appendix VIII, Articles 113 and 114
apply.
2. Three-wheeled motor vehicles with a registration
number containing the letter group CD or CDJ or the
letter group BN or GN and two groups of two
numbers, or a note relating to non-standard
headlamps in the vehicle registration register maybe
fitted with dipped beam headlamps with a non-
standard light shape. The requirements regarding
Appendix VIII, Articles 113 and 114 apply.

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles may be fitted with: Subsections a up to and including m, as well as p
a. one or two front mist lamps; and q: visual inspection.
b. one or two rear mist lamps; Subsection n and o: visual inspection, in case of
c. two extra side lamps; doubt, a measurement is taken.
d. two extra rear lamps;
e. parking lamps;
f. one or two reversing lamps;
g. extra side direction indicators on both sides of the
vehicle;
h. two extra indicator lights at the front and rear of
the vehicle;
i. emergency flashing lights on the rearmost section
of the loading and unloading flap at the side or
rear of the vehicle in horizontal position;
j. amber yellow retro-reflectors on the front sides of
the vehicle, amber yellow or red retro-reflectors
on the back sides of the vehicle
k. white retro-reflectors at the front of the vehicle;
l. inspection lamps;
m. illuminated transparent panels
n. one or two daytime running lamps if the vehicle
is not wider than 1.30 m, or two daytime running
lamps if the vehicle is wider than 1.30 m;
o. a third brake light, mounted in such a way that:
1 it is at a distance of no more than 0.15 m from
the median longitudinal plane, and
2 the underside of the transparent section is
higher than the upper surface of the brake
lights, as referred to in Section 5.5.51, first
paragraph, under g
p. warning flashing lights ;
q. side marker lights.
2. Lights that are compulsory under Article 5.5.51 for Paragraphs 2 up to and including 4: visual
vehicles introduced after a date specified in that inspection.
Article may be fitted to vehicles introduced before
or on that date, provided the requirements specified
in Article 5.5.53 in connection with these lights are
satisfied.
112
3. Three-wheeled motor vehicles may be fitted with

extra red retro-reflectors at the rear of the vehicle.
4. Illuminated transparent panels are:
a. switched on separately;
b. not wider than the vehicle on which the
illumination is fitted, and
c. not longer than the vehicle on which the
illumination is fitted;
5. Contrary to the provisions of the first paragraph, Visual inspection: Measured in the event of doubt.
Section O, two additional brake lights may be
mounted if the third brake light cannot be mounted
within 0.15 m from the median longitudinal.

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles used for the Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. This
services defined in Articles 29, paragraph 1 and 30b requirement is not tested against during the
of RVV 1990, which are allowed to display the periodic inspection for the issuing of an inspection
signals indicated there, may be provided with blue report.
and green rotating, flashing or blinking lights.
2. Three-wheeled motor vehicles used for the services
defined in Article 30, paragraph 1, of RVV 1990
must not be equipped with yellow rotating, flashing
or blinking lights.

1. The front mist lamps and the reversing lamps may Paragraphs 1 up to and including 6: visual
not emit any light other than white or yellow. inspection, with the lights in question switched on.
2. The rear mist lamps and the third brake light of the
vehicle may not emit any light other than red.
3. The parking lamps lights may not emit any other
colour than white to the front and any other colour
than red to the back.
4. The additional indicator lights, additional side
indicator lights and warning flashing lights must not
emit anything other than amber yellow or white
light to the front and amber yellow or red light
rearwards.
5. Daytime running lamps may only emit white light.
6. The side marker lights should only emit amber
yellow light, with the exception of the rearmost side
marker light, which should emit amber yellow or
red light.
1. The light fittings and their components referred to Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
in Article 5.5.57 must be securely fastened to the
vehicle. If corrosion exists, the requirements
2. The glass sections of the light fittings must not be
damaged, repaired or modified in such a way that
the light yield and the light shape, or the functioning
of the lamps, are detrimentally affected. The
113
requirements regarding Appendix VIII, Article 128

apply.
3. Lamps with the same function must be of more or Paragraph 3: visual inspection, with the lights in
less the same size, same colour and same strength. question switched on.
Lamps and retro-reflective devices that have the
same function must be fitted more or less
symmetrically on the left and right of the centre of
the vehicle.
1. For three-wheeled motor vehicles introduced after Visual inspection. In case of doubt, a measurement
December 31, 1967 and wider than 1.30 m, the is taken.
lamps, light signals and retro-reflective devices
referred to in Articles 5.5.51, first and second
paragraph, and 5.5.57 must be fitted at a distance of
no more than 0.50 m from the point where the
vehicle is widest. For indicators, the first sentence
only applies if the vehicle was introduced after
December 31, 1997.
2. The provisions of the first paragraph do not apply
for the main beam headlamps, rear lamps, reversing
lamps, brake lamps, the rear registration plate
illumination, rear mist lamps and inspection lamps.

A control lamp must make it clear to the driver when the Visual inspection, in which the lights in question
rear mist lamp or rear mist lamps are switched on. are switched on.

1. Except for the main headlamp, three-wheeled motor Visual inspection. This requirement will not be
vehicles may not be fitted with blinding lights. inspected during the periodic inspection for the
2. Except for the indicators and emergency flashing Visual inspection.
lights, three-wheeled motor vehicles may not be
fitted with flashing lights.
3. Paragraph 2 does not apply to three-wheeled motor
vehicles that are used for the services intended in
Article 29, paragraph 1, and Article 30b of RVV
1990.
1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles must not be equipped Visual inspection. If light fixtures are present, not
with: prescribed or permitted, should this not work the
a. more lights and retroreflectors that stipulated or lights.
allowed in articles 5.3.51, 5.3.51a, 5.3.57 or
5.3.57a and
2. Three-wheeled motor vehicles not in use for the Visual inspection. This requirement is not tested
services intended in Article 29 and 30b, paragraph against during the general periodic inspection for
1, of RVV 1990 must not be equipped with light the issuing of an inspection report.
fittings for blue rotating, flashing or blinking lights
or with objects that give the impression that the
vehicle is equipped with such light fittings.
114
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Connection between three-wheeled
motor vehicle and trailer
11. Connection between three-wheeled motor vehicle and trailer

1. If the three-wheeled motor vehicle is fitted with a Visual inspection.
system for connecting a trailer, this system must be
fastened securely and may not be cracked, broken,
seriously damaged by corrosion or deformed If
corrosion exists at the site of the fastening, this is
tested as specified in Appendix VIII, Chapter 1,
Heading 2, sections 1, 2 and 3.
2. If a system as referred to in the first paragraph is The spherical section will be measured with a
fitted with a coupling ball, the diameter of the ball suitable measuring instrument.
must be at least 49 mm.

115
5.5 Three-wheeled motor vehicles Miscellaneous
12. Miscellaneous

1. Three-wheeled motor vehicles must be fitted with at Visual and auditory inspection, during which the
the least a sound signalling system consisting of a horn is operated.
properly working horn with fixed pitch. A
combination of such horns working simultaneously
will be regarded as one horn.
2. Three-wheeled motor vehicles may be fitted with a Paragraphs 2 up to and including 5: Visual and
sound signalling system that alerts other road users auditory inspection. This requirement will not be
when the reverse gear is being used, and with a inspected during the periodic inspection for the
sound signalling system intended to prevent issue of an inspection report.
unauthorized use or theft of the vehicle.
3. Hybrid electric or electric three-wheeled motor
vehicles can be fitted with an acoustic vehicle
warning system that operates until the vehicle has
reached a speed of 25 km/h.
4. Three-wheeled motor vehicles used by the services
defined in Article 29, paragraph 1, of the Regulation
on traffic rules and traffic signs (RVV), which are
allowed to bear the signals indicated there, must be
provided with a two-tone horn.
5. With the exception of three-wheeled motor vehicles
used for the services defined in Article 30b of RVV
1990 that are allowed to be equipped with the
signals mentioned, three-wheeled motor vehicles
are not allowed to be fitted with any other audible
devices than those intended in paragraphs 1 up to
and including 4.

116
5.12 Trailers General
5.12 Trailers

A trailer with a maximum permitted weight exceeding 750 kg, behind cars, commercial vehicles, buses and
three-wheeled motor vehicles must meet the requirements included in this section, and is evaluated according
to the corresponding inspection method, to which Appendix VIII applies if the occasion arises.
0. General
Article 5.12.1 Match of the vehicle with the vehicle data and requirements for identification
1. The trailer must correspond to the vehicle data Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, the
specified on the vehicle registration card or stipulations in Appendix VIII, Articles 2 and 3
certificate issued for the vehicle and in the vehicle apply during the periodic inspection for the issue
registration register. of an inspection report.
2. The trailer must be equipped with the correct
number plate.
3. The number plate must have the approval mark as Visual inspection. The requirement for the
laid down in Article 5 of the Vehicle Registration approval mark is not checked during the periodic
Regulations and must be properly attached to the inspection for issue of an inspection report.
rear of the vehicle.
4. The registration number must be readily legible and Visual inspection, during which the letters and
the number plate may not be shielded. numbers must be completely visible if the observer
is standing at a distance of 20.00 m behind the
middle of the trailer.
6. Trailers taken into service after December 31, 1997 Visual inspection. This requirement is not checked
must be provided with one or more manufacturers during the periodic inspection for issue of an
plates that are readily legible and the data of which inspection report.
correspond to the vehicle registration register, with
the understanding that the maximum weights
specified on the manufacturers plate are at least
identical to the weights specified in the vehicle

117
5.12 Trailers General construction characteristics of the vehicle
Article 5.12.3 chassis frame, integral body

The side and cross members and chassis reinforcement Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
components of the chassis frame, or the substituting positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
components of the supporting or self-supporting body of device.
trailers may:
a. not show any fractures or cracks, and
b. not be attached, deformed or corroded in such a way
that the rigidity and strength of the chassis frame or
of the supporting or self-supporting body are
jeopardised. If any corrosion is involved, the
stipulation in Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2,

1. The upper structure of trailers must be properly Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, during
attached to the undercarriage. which the trailer is positioned above an inspection
pit or on a lifting device.
2. The support of the loading floor or loading area,
respectively, must be sound. If there is any
corrosion, the stipulation in Appendix VIII, Chapter
Article 5.12.5 battery and wiring trailer

1. If a trailer has a battery, it must be properly Visual inspection.
attached.
2. The electrical wiring of trailers must be properly Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
attached and well insulated. positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
device.

118
5.12 Trailers Dimensions and weights

1. Trailers that are not semi-trailers may not be longer Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. In case of
than 12.00 m. doubt, a measurement is taken. This length may
not deviate more than 1%. Article 5.1a.1 applies.
2. In deviation from the first paragraph, fairground or
circus vehicles may not be longer than 14.00 m.
3. The horizontally measured distance between the Paragraphs 3 up to and including 8: visual
centre of the coupling pin and any part of the front inspection. In case of doubt, a measurement is
of semi-trailers taken into service after December taken.
31, 1997 may not exceed 2.04 m, and the 1. In case of doubt the distance between the
horizontally measured distance between the centre centre of the coupling pin and a part of the
of the coupling pin and any part of the rear of the front of the trailer is measured.
semi-trailer may not exceed 12.00 m. 2. For inspections the distance between the centre
of the coupling pin and the rear of the trailer is
measured. Article 5.1a.1 of the Vehicle
Regulations applies.
4. The horizontally measured distance between the
centre of the coupling pin and any part of the front A projection is permitted in the shaded area..
of semi-trailers taken into service before January 1,
1998 may not exceed 2.05 m, with the exception of
a point-shaped extension the vertically projected
surface of which is limited by straight lines that
250
touch the outermost front corners of the semi-trailer
and a point on the median plane of the semi-trailer
that is located a maximum of 2.50 m in front of the
centre of the coupling pin.
20
5. In deviation from paragraph three, the horizontally

5
measured distance between the centre of the

coupling pin and the rear of the semi-trailer of
fairground or circus vehicles may not exceed
17.50 m.
6. Trailers must not be wider than 2.55 m, with the
understanding that trailers with a permitted
maximum weight of more than 10,000 kg, that have
been taken into use before February 1, 1999, must
not be wider than 2.60 m.
7. In deviation from the stipulation in paragraph six,
conditioned vehicles may not be wider than 2.60 m.
8. Trailers may not be higher than 4.00 m.
9. Removable upper structures and standardised
loading structures, such as containers, are included
in the dimensions referred to in paragraphs one,
three, six, seven and eight.

119
5.12 Trailers Dimensions and weights

1. The axle loads of trailers must not exceed the Paragraphs 1 up to and including 3: in case of
maximum permitted axle loads specified in the doubt, the vehicle is weighed. This requirement is
vehicle registration register or on the vehicle not checked during the periodic inspection for
registration card or certificate for the relevant issue of an inspection report.
vehicle. The load on the coupling for centre-axle
trailers, trailers with a rigid beam and semi-trailers
must not exceed that specified in the vehicle
2. The total mass of trailers must not exceed the
maximum permitted weight specified for the
relevant vehicle in the vehicle registration register
or on the vehicle registration card or certificate.
3. The sum of the axle loads of drawbar trailers must
not exceed the maximum permitted weight specified
for the relevant vehicle in the vehicle registration
register or on the vehicle registration card or
certificate.

120
5.12 Trailers Fuel systems
3. Fuel systems

1. All components of fuel systems on trailers must be Visual inspection of all fuel systems present,
safe and properly attached. If there is any corrosion, during which the trailer is positioned above an
the stipulations in Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, inspection pit or on a lifting device.
2. Fuel systems may not show any leaks. Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
device. An installation for a gas, either condensed
into a liquid or not, is inspected by means of a
substance that makes leaks visible.
3. The filling opening of a fuel reservoir must be Visual inspection.
closed off by an appropriate fuel tank cap.

121
5.12 Trailers Axles
5. Axles

1. The axles of trailers must be properly attached to Paragraphs 1 up to and including 4: visual
the vehicle and may not show any fractures or inspection, during which the trailer is positioned
cracks. If there is any corrosion, the stipulations in above an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
and 3 apply.
2. The axles may not be deformed in such a way that
their strength is jeopardised.
3. The axles may not be damaged or deformed in such
a way that this has a negative effect on handling the
vehicle.
4. The axles may not be corroded in such a way that
their strength is jeopardised. In so far as any wheel
guide components are concerned, they comply with
this stipulation if they are not rusted through. If a
wheel guide components is rusted through, it must
not have been repaired. If there is any corrosion at
the place of attachment, the stipulation in Appendix
apply.
Article 5.12.19 kingpins, steering bearings, bushings and ball-bearings

1. The king pins, steering bearings, bushings and ball- Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, during
bearings of trailers must be properly attached. which the trailer is positioned above an inspection
pit or on a lifting device.
2. Dust covers of steering ball bearings must be
properly attached and may not be damaged in such
a way that the covers no longer seal.
3. The kingpins, steering bearings, bushings and ball- Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
bearings, as well as the other pivot points of the positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
wheel suspension may not show too much play. The device. The play is shown in the correct way. In
stipulations in Appendix VIII, Articles 46, 47 and case of doubt, the play is measured with an
48 are applicable here. appropriate measuring device.
4. If part of the inside of the steering ball bearing If the cover is damaged or missing, visual
housing and of the steering ball bearing is visible inspection takes place during which the trailer is
because the cover is damaged or absent, this part positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
may not show any corrosion. device.

1. Wheel bearings may not show too much play. The Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
stipulation in Appendix VIII, Article 49 applies. positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
device. The play is shown in the correct way. In
case of doubt, the play is measured with an
appropriate measuring device.
2. It must not be possible to hear or feel any symptoms Visual and acoustic inspection, during which the
of wear or damage. wheel is rotated, by means of equipment or
manually.

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5.12 Trailers Axles

The wheelbase of trailers my not deviate more than 2.0% This requirement was already checked in
from the value specified in the vehicle registration Article 5.12.1.
register.

1. The wheels or rims, respectively, of trailers may not Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, during
show any fractures, cracks, defective welding, which the trailer is positioned above an inspection
serious corrosion or serious deformation. pit or on a lifting device and the wheel can rotate
unimpeded.
2. The wheels or rims, respectively, must be properly
attached by all attachment devices intended for this
purpose.

Stabilisers must be properly attached and may not show Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
any fractures or cracks. positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
device.

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5.12 Trailers Suspension
6. Suspension

1. Trailers must be equipped with tyres of which the Visual inspection. This requirement is not checked
tread does not consist of metal or a material with the during the periodic inspection for issue of an
same properties as far as hardness or deformability inspection report.
are concerned.
2. The tyres of trailers may not show any damage that Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection, during
exposes the carcass. which the trailer is positioned above an inspection
pit or on a lifting device and the wheel can rotate
unimpeded.
3. There may not be any bulges in tyres.
4. The profile of the main tread of the tyres of trailers Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
must be 1.6 mm along the entire circumference of positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
the tread, with the exception of wear indicators. device and the wheel can rotate unimpeded. In case
of doubt, the profile depth is measured with the
profile depth gauge. The minimum profile depth is
measured in the broad grooves in which the
maximum depth has been specified by the
manufacturer, as well as the grooves that include a
wear indicator.
5. The profile of tyres may not be altered. Altering the The inspection method in paragraphs 2 and 3
profile involves cutting away damage indicators, if applies.
the profile form deviates from the groove of the
original profile form, or if the carcass of the tyre is
visible in the bottom of the groove. In deviation
from the stipulation above, altering the profile is
permitted if the tyre is marked for the possibility to
do so, by the text "REGROOVABLE" or the
symbol " ", with the understanding that the
carcass of the tyre may not be exposed.
6. The rotational direction indicated on the tyre should Paragraphs 6 and 7: visual inspection.
in the trailers forward drive position. A tyre must be
7. The load index specified on the tyre of a trailer
taken into operation after December 31, 1997 may
not be less than the load index corresponding to the
maximum load per tyre of the axle load specified in
the vehicle registration register. The stipulation in
Appendix VIII, Article 50 applies.
8. The tread of the tyres may not contain any metal Visual inspection. This requirement is not checked
components that may extend past the tread when the during the periodic inspection for issue of an
vehicle is moving. inspection report.
9. Tyres on one axle must have matching size Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
indication. positioned above an inspection pit or on a hoisting
device.

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5.12 Trailers Suspension

1. Trailers must be equipped with a properly Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection, during
functioning suspension system. Tyres are not which the trailer is positioned above an inspection
considered part of the suspension system. pit or on a lifting device.
2. There may not be any fractures or cracks in the
suspension system components, said components
may not be seriously corroded and must be properly
attached. In so far as the spring cups are concerned,
this is complied with if these are not rusted through.
If a spring cup is rusted through, it may not have
been repaired. The braid layers of air suspension
bellows may be visible, but not damaged. If there is
any corrosion at the place the suspension system is
attached, the stipulations in Appendix VIII, Chapter
3. Trailers equipped with air suspension and trailers Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
with a maximum permitted weight not exceeding positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
3.500 kg, provided with coil springs, must be device. The suspension of a trailer with a
equipped with properly attached and properly maximum permitted weight not exceeding
functioning shock absorbers. 3.500 kg is pushed down several times, if possible.
4. Shock absorbers of trailers must be properly The inspection method in paragraphs one and two
attached and must function properly. applies.

125
5.12 Trailers Steering gear
7. Steering gear

1. The steered wheels of trailers must be able to Paragraphs 1 up to and including 5: visual
respond properly to the command of the steering inspection, during which the trailer is positioned
mechanism of the propelling vehicle. above an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
2. The parts intended for transmission of the steering
movement of the steered axles of trailers must be
properly attached by means of all attachment and
safety devices intended for this purpose, may not
have any rupture or cracks, may not be deformed
and may not be seriously corroded. If there is any
3. Dust covers of steering ball bearings must be
properly attached and may not be damaged in such
a way that the covers no longer seal.
4. The components of the hydraulic steering system
may not show any leaks.
5. The hoses of the hydraulic steering mechanism
must not:
a. show such damage that the reinforcement
material is visible, and
b. touch any moving parts.
6. The connections in the hose system may not show Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
too much play. The stipulation in Appendix VIII, positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
Article 52 applies. device. In order to:
a. make radial play visible, the steering ball
bearing or steering connection is loaded in an
efficient way;
b. make axial play visible, pushing and pulling
forces are applied to the steering ball bearing
or steering connection.
The play is measured with an appropriate
measuring device in case of doubt.
7. If part of the inside of the steering ball bearing If the cover is damaged or missing, visual
housing and of the steering ball bearing is visible inspection takes place, during which the trailer is
because the cover is damaged or missing, this part positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
may not show any corrosion. device.

126
5.12 Trailers Steering gear
Article 5.12.30 swivel ring

1. The slewing rings of trailers must be properly Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
attached by means of all attachment and safety positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
devices intended for this purpose. device.
2. The axial play of the slewing rings may: Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
a. not exceed 3.5 mm, and positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
b. not be such that the slewing ring halves grind device. The play is made visible in the following
against each other. ways:
a. using a lever or a crow bar,
b. or by lifting the chassis.
The play is measured with an appropriate
measuring device in case of doubt.
3. The profiles that are part of the slewing ring support The inspection method in paragraph one applies.
may not be seriously corroded. If there is any

127
5.12 Trailers Brake system
8. Brake system

1. Trailers, with the exception of semi-trailers, trailers Subsections a up to and including c: visual
with a rigid beam and centre-axle trailers where the inspection, during which the trailer is positioned
static vertical load that is transferred to the ground above an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
by the axle or axles does not exceed 750 kg, must Subsection d: visual or acoustic inspection, during
be fitted with a braking system whereby the: which the trailer is positioned above an inspection
a. parts are properly attached with the attachment pit or on a lifting device. For an entire or partial
and safety devices intended for this purpose. If air pressure brake system, the maximum brake
there is any corrosion, the stipulations in pressure must be applied quickly by rapidly
Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2, Sections stepping on the brake pedal of the pulling vehicle,
1, 2 and 3 apply; or by quickly applying the same by pressure from
b. parts are not corroded to a serious degree. If the an external source, if possible with the compressed
brake line or brake disc is corroded, the air brake force regulator(s) in the full transfer
stipulations in Appendix VIII, Articles 53 and 54 position. If the trailer is equipped with a hydraulic
apply; brake system and there is any doubt about the
c. parts are not damaged, ruptured or broken; soundness of the brake system, said brake system
d. parts do not show any internal or external leaks, must be pressurised by means of the propelling
and vehicle, as stipulated in Article 5.3.31, Paragraph
e. brake discs do not show such wear that there is a one, Subsection d.
chance of rupture. Subsection e: visual inspection.
2. Brake hoses may: Subsections a up to and including c: visual
a. not be seriously deformed. If a brake hose is inspection, during which the trailer is positioned
deformed, the stipulations in Appendix VIII, above an inspection pit or on a lifting device.
Articles 55 and 56 apply;
b. not rub against any other parts of the vehicle, and
c. not show such damage that the reinforcement
material is visible. The hoses on the outside of
metal reinforcement may not show any damage.
3. Plastic brake lines may not have any kinks in them. Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
device.
4. Wheels equipped with a drum brake must be able to Visual inspection, during which the wheels are
turn in both directions with the brakes off, without turned manually while off the ground or off the
the brake lining rubbing. The brake lining of wheels lifting device.
equipped with a disc brake may drag somewhat
when the brakes are off.
5. When braking, the drum or disc brake may not Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
come in contact with components intended as positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
support or attachment device of the brake lining. device. If the brake lining cannot be shown
without disassembly, the brake is operated while
the wheel is turned manually or by means of a
wheel spinner. No scraping sounds of metal on
metal may be audible when this is done.
6. The requisite freedom of movement of brake The inspection method in paragraph three applies.
components may not be restricted.
7. Brake cylinders must be equipped with dust covers Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
that may not be seriously damaged. positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
device. The covers are inspected in so far as this is
possible without disassembly..

128
8. The components of an anti-blocking system: Visual or acoustic inspection, during which the
trailer is positioned above an inspection pit or on a
lifting device.
a. must be properly attached by means of the
attachment and safety devices intended for this
purpose;
b. may not be corroded to a serious degree;
c. may not be damaged, cracked or fractured, and
d. may not show any leaks.
9. Anti-blocking systems must function properly and Proper functioning of the anti-blocking system for
must be equipped with a reliable warning device trailers taken into operation after December 31,
that goes off immediately should the system fail. 2000 must be demonstrated by means of a warning
light going on and off, respectively, which is
connected to the plug for the anti-blocking, or by
means of diagnostic equipment. If necessary, the
wheels are spun at high speed, by means of a
wheel spinner for example.
10. Trailers, with a permitted maximum mass of more Paragraphs 10 and 11: visual inspection
than 3,500 kg, put into use after 31 December 1997,
with the exception of semi-trailers, trailers with a
rigid beam and centre-axle trailers for which the
sum of the axle load is not more than 3,500 kg,
must be fitted with automatic braking systems.
11 Trailers for which the sum of the axle loads is more
than 750 kg, but less than 3,500 kg, taken into use
after 1 May 2016, with the exception of trailers with
a rigid beam and centre-axle trailers, must not be
fitted with an overrun braking systems.
Article 5.12.31a
1. Semi-trailers, trailers with a rigid beam and centre-
axle trailers for which the static vertical load
transferred to the ground through the axle or axles is
not more than 750 kg, may be fitted with a braking
system.
2. The braking system, as intended in the Paragraph 1,
must meet the requirements of Article 5.12.31.
Article 5.12.35 components and force compressed air braking system

1. Trailers with an air pressure brake system must be Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
equipped with: positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
a. pressure measuring points whereby the pressures device.
on the air pressure brake cylinders can be
measured on every axle, and
b. a pressure measuring point whereby the pressure
before every air pressure brake force regulator
can be measured.
2. Air pressure brake regulators must function Visual inspection by means of manometers, during
properly. which the trailer is positioned above an inspection
pit or on a lifting device and the brake is operated.
If possible, inspection is also carried out when the
air pressure brake force regulator is operating at
full pressure. Inspection of proper functioning can
129
be omitted if an inspection according to paragraph

three is carried out.
3. Trailers with air pressure brake force regulators, Visual inspection of the regulators being in place,
taken into operation after September 30, 1981, must while the brand and type of the air pressure brake
be fitted with a plate that clearly legibly specifies force regulator may be different ones.
the settings of the air pressure brake force If the actual axle load or suspension bellows
regulators. The air pressure brake force regulators pressure can be measured on site, the air pressure
stated must be in place and globally adjusted as brake force regulator settings are inspected by
specified on the plate for the loading condition of means of manometers, during which the trailer is
the vehicle. positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
device. The brake is operated at this time: the
settings may deviate 0.5 bar, at maximum, from
the data specified on the plate. The following two
settings must be inspected, at minimum:
a. the position the regulator is set to,
corresponding to the axle load measured, and
b. when the regulator is operating at full pressure,
in so far as this is possible without
disassembly.
If the actual axle load or suspension bellows
pressure cannot be measured on site, a global
inspection of the air pressure brake force regulators
settings takes place by means of manometers,
during which the trailer is positioned above an
inspection pit or on a lifting device. The brake is
operated at this time. The functioning of the
regulator of a non-maximally loaded axle is
inspected by:
a. measuring the pressure the regulator passes in
the position it is in at that time;
b. measuring the settings of the position in which
the regulator passes the full pressure, without
disassembly, in so far as possible.
The pressure measured under point b must be
higher than the pressure measured under point a. If
the relevant axle is nearly loaded to the maximum
capacity, the pressure measured in point b must be
equal to that measured in a.
4. Drainage valves of reservoirs must function Visual inspection, during which the drainage valve
properly. must be operated, if possible.
Article 5.12.36 stroke of the compressed air brake cylinders

1. The stroke of the cylinders of air brakes that operate Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
a drum brake by means of a cam may not be positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
adjacent to components that are not intended for device and the brake is operated.
this purpose.
2. The stroke of cylinders of air brakes of drum brakes Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
may not exceed 2/3 of the maximum stroke of the positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
relevant brake cylinder from the braked position to device and the brake is operated to the maximum.
non-braked position. A measurement is taken in case of doubt.

130

1. Trailers, not being semi-trailers, taken into
operation after 31 December 2011, must be
equipped with a service brake of which the brake
deceleration is at least 5.0 m/s on a dry or nearly
dry and approximately horizontal motorway. In the
inspection of the braking deceleration of trailers, the
requirements regarding Additional permanent
requirements, Chapter 1, Heading 7, Section 2
apply.
operation after December 31, 1997, but before 1
January 2012, and semi-trailers taken into operation
after 31 December 2011, must be equipped with a
service brake of which the brake deceleration is at
least 4.5 m/s2 on a dry or nearly dry and
approximately horizontal motorway. The stipulation
in Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 7, Section 2
applies to the inspection of the brake deceleration of
trailers.
operation after September 30, 1971, but before
January 1, 1998, and semi-trailers, taken into
operation after September 30, 1971, but before
January 1 2012, must be equipped with a service
brake of which the brake deceleration is at least 4.0
m/s2 on a dry or nearly dry and approximately
horizontal motorway. The stipulation in Appendix
VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 7, Section 2 applies to the
inspection of the brake deceleration of trailers.
4. Trailers, taken into operation before October 1,
1971, must be equipped with a service brake of
which the brake deceleration is at least 3.8 m/s2 on a
dry or nearly dry and approximately horizontal
motorway. The stipulation in Appendix VIII,
Chapter 1, Heading 7, Section 2 applies to the
inspection of the brake deceleration of trailers.
5. If the brake forces of the trailer are greater than or
equal to the reference brake forces set down by the
vehicle manufacturer which correspond with the
required minimum brake deceleration, the
stipulation in paragraph one is met. The stipulation
in Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 7, Section 2
is applicable here.
6. The service brake must work on all wheels. The service brake is operated while the wheels are
off the ground or the lifting device, and it is
checked whether each wheel is braked. When a
brake testing device is used for the inspection of
the brake action, this is inspected at the same time.
7. The service brake must function in such a way that Inspection of this already carried out ensuing from
the chance of the wheels being blocked is as low as Articles 5.12.35, Paragraphs two and three, and
possible. 5.12.38, Paragraph eight.

131
8. On a dry or nearly dry road, trailers may not deviate

from their path as a result of a difference in brake
action between the wheels of each axle. The
stipulation in Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 7,
Section 2 is applicable here.
Article 5.12.39 brake locking device

1. Trailers, with the exception of semi-trailers, trailers Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
with a rigid beam and centre-axle trailers of which positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
the static vertical load that is transferred to the device and the parking brake is operated.
ground by the axle or axles does not exceed 750 kg,
must be fitted with a correctly operating braking
system that operates at least on the wheels of one
axle that cannot be raised and that completely by
mechanical transfer can be manually operated, also
when the trailer is not coupled to a motor vehicle.
2. The stipulation in section one does not apply if: Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
a. the trailer is fitted with a spring-operated brake positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
that brakes at least the wheels of one axle that device.
cannot be raised and that automatically operates
if the brake system is decoupled or
depressurised;
b. the trailer, taken into operation before January 1,
1998, is equipped with a hydraulic or electrically
servo-assisted brake system, and is equipped
with wheel chocks.
Article 5.12.39a Parking brake

1. Trailers, with the exception of semi-trailers,
trailers with a rigid beam and centre-axle trailers
where the static vertical load that is transferred to
the ground by the axle or axles does not exceed
750 kg, must be fitted with a braking system.
2. The braking system, as intended in the Paragraph
1, must meet the requirements of Article 5.12.39.
Article 5.12.40 functioning brake system trailer brake break away device
1. The brake system of the trailer must operate Visual inspection, during which the air hose of the
automatically when the connection between the supply between the propelling vehicle or a
trailer and the propelling vehicle is broken. different external source and the trailer is
disconnected.
2. The brake system of the trailer must end up in Visual inspection. If a disconnection button is
operating condition automatically when said system installed, this must first be operated after the air
is connected to that of the propelling vehicle. hose is disconnected from the air supply, and the
air hose to the supply must be connected
subsequently. The disconnection button must
return to its original position in the process.
3. The stipulations in sections one and two do not Paragraph 3 and 4: visual inspection.
apply to central axle trailers and trailers with a rigid
beam with a maximum permitted weight of 1.500
kg.
4. If the trailer is equipped with a break-loose brake
system, it must function properly.
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5.12 Trailers Body
9. Body
Article 5.12.41 doors, loading doors

The lock and hinges of the doors and platform gates of Visual inspection, during which the doors and
trailers must guarantee proper closure. platform gates are opened and closed.
Article 5.12.48 external security under other wheel and lateral protection
1. Trailers may not have any sharp parts that could Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
pose a risk of bodily injury to other road users in
case of a collision.
2. Without prejudice to the stipulation in paragraph
one, protruding parts of trailers that could
considerably increase the risk of bodily injury to
other road users in case of a collision must have a
guard.
3. The stipulations in section one and section two do Visual inspection, during which a measurement is
not apply to vehicle components that are higher than taken in case of doubt.
2.00 m above the road surface.
4. The wheels or tyres, respectively, of trailers must be Paragraphs 4 up to and including 6: visual
well protected and may not rub against anything. inspection.
The stipulations in Appendix VIII, Articles 102 up
to and including 106, apply to trailers taken into
operation after December 31, 1974.
5. Trailers with a maximum permitted weight
exceeding 3.500 kg, taken into operation after
December 31, 1969, must be equipped with a lateral
guard. The stipulations in Appendix VIII, Articles
107 up to and including 111 are applicable here.
6. No part of the outside of a trailer may be attached,
damaged, worn or corroded in such a way that there
is a risk of it coming loose.
Article 5.12.49 impact beam

1. Trailers taken into operation after June 30, 1967 Paragraphs 1 up to and including 5: visual
must be equipped on the rear with a bumper if the inspection, a measurement is taken in case of
distance from the bottom of the vehicle to the road doubt.
surface, measured across the full width under the
rear of the undercarriage or under the main
components of the carriage, at a distance of more
than 1.00 m behind the centre of the rear axle, more
than 0.70 m, or more than 0.55 m if the vehicle was
taken into operation after December 31, 1997. This
obligation does not apply to garbage trucks with a
load at the rear, dollies and asphalt tippers.
2. The distance from the bottom of the bumper to the
road surface may not be more than 0.70 m, for
trailers taken into operation after June 30, 1967 but
before January 1, 1998, and may not be more than
0.55 m for trailers taken into operation after
December 31, 1997.

133
5.12 Trailers Body
3. If a trailer was taken into operation after December

31, 2004, the bumper may not be positioned more
than 0.45 m in front of the rearmost point of the
vehicle. Vehicle components above 2,00, measured
from the road surface, are not taken into
consideration here. In deviation from this, the
bumpers of trailers equipped as concrete mill,
concrete mixer or concrete pump, may not be
positioned more than 0.60 m in front of the rearmost
point of the vehicle.
4. If the trailer was taken into operation after June
30, 1967 and before January 1, 2005, the bumper
may not be positioned more than 0.60 m in front of
the rearmost point of the vehicle. Vehicle
components above 2.00 m, measured from the road
surface, are not taken into consideration here.
5. The bumper of trailers may not be wider or be
narrower on either side than: the vehicle at the place
where the bumper is installed, or the width of the
widest rear axle, including the wheels, in which the
bulge of the tyres above the road surface is not
taken into consideration. A measure of 0.10 m,
instead of 0.20 m, applies for trailers intended for
the transport of swap bodies.
6. The bumper and its attachment may not be Paragraphs 6 and 7: visual inspection.
deformed or show fractures or cracks, or be
corroded, in such a way that leads to functional
degradation.
7. The ends of the bumper may not be bent backwards.

134
5.12 Trailers Lights, light signals and retro-reflective features

1. Trailers must be equipped with: Subsection a: visual inspection. A measurement is
taken in case of doubt.
Subsections b up to and including i: visual
inspection
Subsection i: visual inspection.
Subsections j up to and including n: visual
inspection. A measurement is taken in case of
doubt.
a. two parking lights if the vehicle is wider than
1.60 m and taken into operation after June
30, 1967;
b. two direction indicators on the front and two
direction indicators on the rear of the vehicle;
c. two tail lights;
d. two brake lights;
e. rear number plate lighting;
f. two red retro-reflectors on the rear of the
vehicle;
g. one rear fog light if the vehicle was taken into
operation after December 31, 1997; the rear fog
light must be in or to the left of the longitudinal
medial plan of the vehicle;
h. two white retro-reflectors on the front of the
vehicle, if the vehicle was taken into operation
after December 31, 1997;
i. amber yellow retro-reflectors on each side of the
vehicle, the rear retro reflector on the side may
be red. The stipulations in Appendix VIII,
Articles 119 up to and including 122 are
applicable here;
j. two marking lights on the front and two on the
rear of the vehicle, if the vehicle was taken into
operation after December 31, 1997 and is wider
than 2.10 m, or before January 1, 1998 and is
wider than 2.60 m;
k. side marking lights if the vehicle was taken into
operation after December 31, 1997 and it is
longer than 6.00 m. The stipulations in Appendix
VIII, Articles 119 up to and including 122 are
applicable here;
l. two reversing lamps if the vehicle is longer than
6.00 m and after December 31, 2012 is in
service;
m. line marking on the rear when the vehicle is
wider than 2.10 m, after December 31, 2012 is in
service and the sum of the permitted axle loads
exceeds 3,500 kg; here the Additional permanent
requirements, Article 153, apply.;

135
n. line marking on the side where the vehicle is

longer than 6.00 m, after December 31, 2012 is
in service and the sum of the permitted axle
loads exceeds 3500 kg, this is additional
standing requirements, Rule 153 applies.
Article 5.12.53 colour required lights

1. The parking lights and reversing lights must only Paragraphs 1 up to and including 6: visual
emit white or yellow light. inspection, during which the relevant lights are
switched on.
2. The direction indicators and the brake lights may
only emit red or amber yellow light.
3. The tail lights and the rear fog lights may only emit
red light.
4. The rear number plate lighting may only emit white
light and may not emit this rearward.
5. The marking lights may only emit white light
forward and only red light rearward.
6. The side marking lights may only emit amber
yellow light, with the exception of the rear side
marking light, which can emit amber yellow or red
light.
1. The lights referred to in Article 5.12.51 must Visual inspection, during which the relevant lights
function properly. If a light is formed by several are switched on.
light sources, the original light surface may not be
reduced by more than 25% as a result of defective
light sources.
2. The light fixtures and components thereof must be Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection.
properly attached to the vehicle. If there is any
3. The glass in the light fixtures must not be damaged,
repaired or processed in such a way that the light
output and the light image or the functioning is
negatively affected. The stipulation in Appendix
VIII, Article 128 applies.
4. Lights with identical function must be nearly Visual inspection, during which the relevant lights
identical in size, colour and intensity. Lights and are switched on.
retro-reflecting provisions with identical function
must be nearly symmetrically attached to the left
and right from the middle of the vehicle.
5. The lights and retro-reflectors referred to in Article Visual inspection. A load carrier that can be
5.12.51 may not be shielded more than 25%, in so removed without tools is not taken into
far as the transparent section is concerned. consideration during the periodic inspection for
6. The retro-reflectors referred to in Article 5.12.51 Visual inspection.
may not show any defects that have an effect on
retro-reflection.
136
7. The coding of the light fixtures must correspond Visual inspection. This requirement is not checked
with the lights intended for that fixture. The during the periodic inspection for issue of an
stipulation in Appendix VIII, Annex 6 applies. inspection report.

1. Trailers may be equipped with: Subsections a up to and including k: visual
a. two extra tail lights inspection.
b. extra lights; Subsection l: visual inspection, a measurement is
c. two additional direction indicators and hazard taken in case of doubt.
warning lights on the rear of the vehicle; Subsections m up to and including r: visual
d. hazard warning lights on the rearmost part of the inspection.
loading and unloading gate positioned on the
side or rear of the vehicle, when in horizontal
position;
e. two additional marking lights on the front and
two additional marking lights on the rear, if
these lights are not already mandatory ensuing
from Article 5.12.51;
f. two or four marking lights on the front and two
or four marking lights on the rear of the vehicle,
if these lights are not already mandatory ensuing
h. one additional rear fog light;
i. side marking lights, if these lights are not
already mandatory ensuing from Article 5.12.51;
The stipulations in Appendix VIII, Articles 119
up to and including 122 are applicable here;
j. white retro-reflectors on the front of the vehicle,
if these lights are not already mandatory ensuing
k. work lights;
l. a third brake light installed in such a way that:
2. the lower side of the transparent section is
higher than the top of the brake lights referred
to in Article 5.12.51, Subsection d;
m. in deviation from subsection k, two additional
brake lights may be installed;;
n. a light on the front of the vehicle that signals the
functioning of the anti-blocking or steering
mechanism;
o. two parking lights;
p. marking on the rear of the vehicle, if the
maximum permitted weight of the vehicle
exceeds 3.500 kg.
q. full contour marking, partial contour marking or
line marking on the side of the vehicle and full
contour marking or line marking of the rear of
the vehicle, for as far as not already obligatory as
a result of Article 5.12.51. Here Appendix VIII,
Article 153 applies.
137
r. line marking on the front. Here the Additional

permanent requirements of Article 153 apply.
2. Lights and retro-reflecting provisions, made Paragraphs 2 and 3: visual inspection.
mandatory ensuing from Article 5.12.51, for
vehicles taken into operation after a time stated in
that article, may be installed on vehicles that were
taken into operation at that time or before it,
provided Article 5.12.53 is complied with in respect
to the requirements imposed on those lights. Side
marking lights must comply with the stipulation in
Subsection i of Paragraph one.
3. Trailers may be provided with additional red
reflectors on the rear and additional amber yellow
ones on the sides of the vehicle; the rear retro-
reflector on the side may be red.
4. The extra reversing lights referred to in Paragraph 1, Visual inspection, a measurement is taken in case
subsection b, may be mounted on the side of the of doubt.
vehicle.

1. Trailers used for the services defined in Articles 29 Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. This
paragraph 1 and 30b of RVV 1990, which are requirement is not tested against during the
allowed to bear the signals indicated there, may be periodic inspection for the issuing of an inspection
provided with retro-reflective striping, letters, report.
numbers or symbols which allow the trailer to be
recognised as being in use for these services.
2. Trailers in use for the activities specified in Article
30, paragraph 1, of RVV 1990, may be equipped
with yellow rotating, flashing or blinking lights.

1. The reversing lights may only emit white or yellow Paragraphs 1 up to and including 5: visual
light. inspection, during which the relevant lights are
switched on.
2. The additional direction indicators and hazard
warning lights may only emit amber yellow light.
3. The side marking lights may emit no other light
than amber yellow, with the exception of the
rearmost side marker light, which should emit
amber yellow or red light.
4. The marking lights and stalk marker lights may only
emit white light towards the front and only red
towards the rear.
5. The third brake light may only emit red light.
6. The marking on the rear must consist of one Visual inspection.
rectangular sign, or a set of two or four rectangular
signs, which have a red fluorescent edge on a
yellow retro-reflecting background.

138
7. The line and contour marking on the side is white or Visual inspection.
yellow. The line or contour marking at the rear is
red, white or yellow. The line marking on the front
is white.
1. The light fixtures referred to in Article 5.12.57 and Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection.
the parts thereof must be properly attached to the
vehicle. If there is any corrosion, the stipulations in
and 3 apply.
2. The glass in the light fixtures must not be damaged,
repaired or processed in such a way that the light
output and the light image or the functioning is
negatively affected. The stipulation in Appendix
VIII, Article 128 is applicable here.
3. Lights with identical function must be nearly Visual inspection, during which the relevant lights
identical in size, colour and intensity. Lights and are switched on.
retro-reflecting provisions with identical function
must be nearly symmetrically attached to the left
and right from the middle of the vehicle.

1. The lights, light signals and retro-reflecting Paragraphs 1 and 2: visual inspection. A
provisions of trailers taken into operation after measurement is taken in case of doubt.
December 31, 1967, referred to in Articles 5.12.51
and 5.12.57 are installed at a distance of not more
than 0.50 m from the point where the vehicle is
widest. The first sentence only applies to direction
indicators in so far as the trailer was taken into
operation after December 31, 1997.
2. In deviation from the stipulation in paragraph one,
the parking lights must be installed at a distance of
no more than 0.25 m from the point where the
vehicle is widest.
3. The stipulations in section one do not apply to the
reversing lights, brake lights and rear number plate
lighting, the marking on the rear of the vehicle, rear
fog lights and work lights.

1. trailers may, with the exception of the indicators, Visual inspection.
the warning flashers and brake lights for the
emergency stop signal not are provided with
flashing lights.
2. notwithstanding the first paragraph, may side Visual inspection.
marker lamps of trailers with the direction
indicators on the same side of the vehicle
simultaneously flashing.

139
1. Trailers must not be equipped with: Visual inspection . If light fixtures are present,
a. more lights and retro-reflective devices than not prescribed or permitted, should this not work
those specified or allowed for in Articles the lights.
5.12.51, 5.12.57 and 5.12.57a, and
2. Trailers not in use for the services intended in Visual inspection.
Article 29, paragraph 1, of RVV 1990 must not be
equipped with light fittings for blue rotating,
flashing or blinking lights or objects that give the
impression that the vehicle is equipped with such
light fittings.

140
5.12 Trailers Connection between the towing motor vehicle and the trailer
11. Connection between the towing motor vehicle and the trailer

1. The coupling and the towing device of trailers must Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
be properly attached and may not be cracked, positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
fractured or excessively worn. device.
2. The towing device of a drawbar trailer as well as all Visual inspection.
profiles that form part of it, including braces,
reinforcement strips and fastenings, must not show
traces of corrosion, other than surface corrosion.
3. The towing device of a centre-axle trailer or trailer Visual inspection.
with a rigid beam as well as all the profiles that are
part of it, including supports, reinforcement strips
and fastenings, may not be excessively corroded. If
there is evidence of corrosion, the provisions of
Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Title 1, Section 1, 2 and
3 apply.
4. The towing device of a drawbar trailer must not be Visual inspection. If there is any doubt, a
deformed to such an extent that a profile measured measurement is taken by means of an appropriate
over a distance of 90 cm is deformed more than 18 measuring device and a steel straight edge along
mm with respect to a straight line. The towing the length.
device of a centre-axle trailer or trailer with a rigid
beam must not be excessively deformed.
5. Trailers with a maximum permitted weight not Paragraphs 5 through 7: visual inspection
exceeding 1.500 kg and not equipped with a break-
loose device must be equipped with an auxiliary
coupling. This coupling must be properly attached
and must not be deformed, cracked, fractured, or
excessively worn.
6. Trailers that are equipped with a break-loose device
must not also be equipped with an auxiliary
coupling.
7. Parts of trailer couplings must not be able to touch
the road surface during decoupling, breaking loose
or when decoupled.
Article 5.12.67 jaw coupling

If the trailer is equipped with a coupling ball, Visual inspection, during which the closing and
a. the closing and securing mechanism must function securing mechanism is checked by means of a
properly, and coupling ball.
b. the components must not be deformed.

141
Article 5.12.68 drawbar eye

1. If the trailer is equipped with a drawbar eye with a Paragraphs 1 up to and including 3:
40 mm nominal internal diameter: Subsections a: measuring is done in all directions,
a. the internal diameter of the drawbar eye may not by means of an appropriate measuring device, for
exceed 41.5 mm, and example a calliper gauge.
b. the thickness of the drawbar eye must be at least Subsections b: any worn surfaces are measured by
28.0 mm. means of an appropriate measuring device.
2. If the trailer is equipped with a drawbar eye with a
50 mm nominal internal diameter:
a. the internal diameter of the drawbar eye may not
exceed 52.5 mm, and
b. the thickness of the drawbar eye must be at least
41.5 mm.
3. If the trailer is equipped with a drawbar eye with a
57.5 mm nominal internal diameter:
a. the internal diameter of the drawbar eye may not
exceed 59.5 mm, and
b. the thickness of the drawbar eye must be at least
19.0 mm.
4. The drawbar eye must not be deformed or cracked. Paragraphs 4 up to and including 6: visual
inspection.
5. The drawbar eye must not have a drawbar eye bush
welded onto it.
6. The drawbar eye must not have been repaired by
means of welding.
Article 5.12.69 sattelite link coupling

1. If the semi-trailer is equipped with a 2 inch coupling Paragraphs 1 and 2: measuring is done by means
pin: of an appropriate measuring device, for example a
a. the diameter of the smallest sectional plane must calliper gauge, and the thickness of the measuring
be at least 49.0 mm, and section of the tool at the coupling pin is at least
b. the diameter of the sectional plane situated 2 mm, and 4 mm, at maximum.
immediately above the smallest sectional plane
must be at least 70.0 mm.
2. If the semi-trailer is equipped with a 3.5 inch
coupling pin:
a. the diameter of the smallest sectional plane must
be at least 86.0 mm, and
b. the diameter of the sectional plane situated
immediately above the smallest sectional plane
must be at least 110.0 mm.
3. The plate of the semi-trailer coupling must not be Visual inspection. If there is any doubt, a
deformed or worn to a serious degree. If the semi- measurement is taken by means of an appropriate
trailer is equipped with a 2 inch coupling pin or a measuring device and a steel straightedge along
3.5 inch coupling pin, the unevenness of the the length, in all directions and as close to the
coupling plate may not exceed 3.5 mm, within a coupling pin as possible.
radius of 0.45 m measured from the centre of the
coupling pin.
4. The profiled sections that are part of the support of Visual inspection.
the semi-trailer coupling plate must not be corroded
to a serious degree. If there is any corrosion, the
stipulations in Appendix VIII, Chapter 1, Heading 2,
142
Article 5.12.70 special constructions

1. Articles 5.3.66, 5.3.67, 5.3.68 and 5.3.69 apply The inspection method for Articles 5.3.66, 5.3.67,
correspondingly to trailers equipped with devices to 5.3.68 and 5.3.69 of the Vehicle Regulations
couple vehicles other than those referred to in applies accordingly.
Articles 5.12.67 up to and including 5.12.69.
2. The rear cross beam of these trailers, including all Visual inspection, during which the trailer is
profiled sections that are part of this, must be positioned above an inspection pit or on a lifting
properly attached and: device.
a. may not show any fractures or cracks, and
b. may not be corroded, with the exception of
corrosion of the surface.

143

Inspection Requirements 2016 - APK

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APK Inspection requirements

ITEM PAGE NUMBER AND ADDITIONAL TESTING AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL PROVISIONS page

Definitions inspection requirements generally article 1.1 5

Article page*=2 page*=3 page*=5 page*=12

Battery 5.*.12 21 55 94 ---

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Chassis Framework 5.*.3 16 50 90 118

Defrosting and demisting front 5.*.44 33 72 108 ---

Electrical wiring 5.*.5 --- --- --- 114

Floor load support 5.*.4 16 50 90 118

Gas-discharge 5.*.51 37 78 110 ---

Horn 5.*.71 45 88 116 ---

Identification number 5.*.1 15 49 89 117

Lamps mandatory state 5.*.55 39 80 111 136

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Marking on the rear 5.*.57 --- 81 --- 137

Noise 5.*.11 20 54 94 ---

Occupant protection 5.*.47 34 74 109 ---

Parking brakes 5.*.39 32 70 --- 132

Recording equipment 5.*.15 24 57 --- ---

Satellite Link --- 87 --- ---

Taxi Additional requirements Taxi

Theft alarm signal device 5.*.71 45 88 116 ---

Unoriginal profiling 5.*.27 26 61 99 124

Vehicle dimensions 5.*.6 17 51 91 119

Warning lamp rear fog light 5.*.62 42 84 114 ---

Xenon lamps (gas discharge lamps) 5.*.51 37 78 110 ---

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Section 1A Determination characteristics vehicles

Article 5.1a.1 Definitions dimensions

Article 5.1a.2 measurement wheelbase and dimensions

Article 5.1a.3 determine number of wheels

Article 5.1a.4 determine number of lamps

Article 5.1a.5 measuring conditions of lighting

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Article 5.1b.1 milieu

Article 5.1b.2 general

Article 5.1b.3 dismounting

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

Article 5.1b.4 Specialties

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

5.2 Passenger cars

Article 5.2.0 general

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

1. General construction characteristics of the vehicle

Article 5.2.3 chassis frame, integral body and frame parts

Article 5.2.4 superstructure

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

2. Dimensions and weights

Article 5.2.6 dimensions

Article 5.2.7 weights

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

3. Engine and fuel systems

Article 5.2.9 fuel systems

Article 5.2.10 LPG-installation

Regulatory General periodic inspection Version 1.0-2016

8. The gas-supply leads should not show evidence of

Article 5.2.10a CNG-installation

Article page=2 page=3 page=5 page=12