Old S-II Solution

QNo1: The position of a particle is given by the equation of motion ( ) = , where t

is measured in seconds and f(t) in meters. Find the velocity after 2 seconds.
(5)

Solution: By definition of derivative we have,

( + ) ( ) 1 1 1
( ) = lim = lim
1+( + ) 1+

1 1
lim =
(1 + ( + ))(1 + ) (1 + )

Now velocity when = 2 is given by (2) = = /

( )

QNo2: Find the equation of normal line to the graph of ( ) = 1 + at point(1,2).

Also find second point where this normal line intersects ( ), if any? (5)

Solution: Given (1,2) be the point through which normal line passes.

Since ( )= =2 (1) = 2

Therefore slope of Normal line is and equation of Normal line is = ( + 5)

Solving =1+ = ( + 5) we get = 1, .

Hence second point of intersection occurs when = and second point is , .

QNo3: Determine the intervals on which the function ( ) = 3 + 2 is positive or

negative.

Solution: Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

3 +2 =0 ( 3 + 2) = ( 1)( 2) = 0 = 0, 1, 2

Now intervals are (, 0), (0,1), (1,2), (2, )

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or
negative on whole interval.

We conclude that ( ) is positive on {(0,1)(2, )} and negative on {(, 0)(1,2)}

QNO4: (a) If ( ) = , ( )= ( ) ( )= then find ( ) ( ).

Solution: First calculate ( )( ) = ( )

Now ( ) ( )= =

( ) ( )= =

QNo1: Find the equations of the tangent and normal line to the graph of = ( )

at = 3 if (3) = 2 and (3) = 5. (5)

Solution:

Given (3) = 5 is the slope of the tangent line passing through point (3,2).

Moreover slope of normal line passing through point (3,2) is

Now equations of tangent and normal lines are respectively.

1 7
( 2) = 5( + 3) = 5 + 17 And ( 2) = ( + 3) = 5 +5
5

QNo2: Find the average rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius
r as r changes from 2 cm to 2.5 cm. Also find the instantaneous rate of change when
r = 2 cm. (5)

Solution: Area of circle ( ) =

( . ) ( ) .
Average change in the area= = = = 4.5
. .

By definition of derivative we have,

( + ) ( ) ( + )
( ) = lim = lim

+2 +
= lim =2

Instantaneous rate of change in Area when r = 2 is (2) = 12.57

QNo4: Determine the intervals on which the function
+1
( )=
9
is positive or negative.

Solution: Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

+1
=0 +1=0 =
9
Zeros of function are not reals. Since given function is rational therefore put
denominator equals zero gives = 3, 3

Now intervals are (, 3), (3,3), (3, )

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or
negative on whole interval

17
(4) = (, 3)
7
1
(0) = (3,3)
9
17
(4) = (3, )
7

QNO5: Express the function ( )= in the form ( ) ( ),

without using identity function.

Solution: Consider

( )= , ( )= ( )=

Then ( )( ) = ( )=

Finally ( ) ( ) = =

QNo1: An object moves along a straight line with equation of motion ( ) = 6

5, where is measured in seconds and ( ) in meters. Find time when object changes
its direction of motion.

Solution: First we will find instantaneous rate of change.

 Consider

( + ) ( )
( ) = lim = lim

( + ) 6( + ) 5 +6 +5
= lim

2 + + 6
= lim =2 6

Now object will change its direction when ( ) = = =

QNo2: Find the equation of tangent and normal lines to the graph ofsin( )= at point ,1 .

Solution: Applying implicit differentiation technique to find slope of tangent line

( )
( ) + = =
1 ( )

Putting given point in above equation we get slope of tangent line

= =0
,

Now equations of tangent and normal lines, respectively, are

=1

=
2
QNo3: Evaluate the following Integral (5)

+4
Solution:

Let us make the substitution = +4 = 2 =

Now above integral becomes

=2 ( 4) =2 ( 8 + 16)
+4
 8 ( + 4) 8
= + 16 + = ( + 4) + 16( + 4) +
5 3 5 3

QNo4: Determine the intervals on which the function

1
( )=
3
is positive or negative.

Solution: Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

1
=0 = 1, 1
3
Since given function is rational therefore put denominator equals zero we get = 3

Now intervals are (, 1), (1,1), (1,3), (3, )

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or negative on
whole interval

3
(2) = (, 1)
5
1
(0) = (1,1)
3
(2) = 1 (1,3)

(4) = 15 (3, )

QNO5: Let ( ) = 3 1 , ( ) = , ( ) = +1 ( )=

( )( ) ?

Solution: Consider
( )( ) = ( ) = ( )=3 1

( )( ) = (3 1) = 3

( )( ) = (3 )=
QNo1: Use -method to find derivative of ( ) = .

Solution:By definition of derivative we have,

( + ) ( ) 1 1 1
( ) = lim = lim
( + )

1 2 ( ) 2 2
lim = lim =
( + ) ( + )

QNo2: Where does the normal line to the curve = at the point (1,0) intersect
the curve on the second point?

Solution:

Given (1,0) be the point through which tangent line passes.

Now consider ( )= =12 (1) = 1

Hence normal line has slope 1 and a point slope equation for this is = 1.

Solving = = 1 we get = 1.

Hence other point of intersection occurs when = 1 and other point is (1, 2).

QNo4:Determine the intervals on which the function ( ) = is positive or

negative.

Solution: Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

= 0 ( 1)( + 1) = 0

= 1,0,1

Now intervals are (, 1), (1,0), (0,1), (1, )

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or
negative on whole interval

We conclude that ( ) is positive on {(1,0)(1, )} and negative on {(, 1)(0,1)}

QNo1: Find the points on the graph of ( ) = where the tangent line is parallel

to the line = 3 . Also find equation of tangent and normal lines to these points.

Solution:

( )= 1 is the slope of the tangent line. To be parallel to the line =3

Having slope 3 , it must have slope 3. Hence 1 = 3, = 4, = 2 .

Thus the points are 2, 2, .

Now equations of tangent and normal lines are respectively.

( ) = 3( 2) ( + ) = 3( + 2)

( )= ( 2) ( + )= ( + 2)

QNo2: Use -method to find derivative of ( ) = 3 + 2 .

Solution:

By definition of derivative we have,

( + ) ( ) 3 ( + ) + 2 3 + 2
( ) = lim = lim

3 ( + ) + 2 3 + 2 3 ( + ) + 2 + 3 + 2
= lim
3 ( + ) + 2 + 3 + 2

3 3
= lim =
3 ( + ) + 2 + 3 + 2 2 3 + 2

QNo3: Find the following anti-derivative

1 +
Solution: A simple substitution works: Let =1+ , =2

1 1 1 1 2
= = = 2 +
1 + 2 2 2 3

1 1
= ( 3) + = 1+ ( 2) +
1 + 3 3

QNo4:Determine the intervals on which the function ( ) = ( 1) ( + 4)

is positive or negative.

Solution: Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

( 1) ( + 4) =0

= 1, 4

Now intervals are (, 4), (4,1), (1, )

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or
negative on whole interval

(5) = 36 (, 4)

(0) = 4 (2,4)

(2) = 6 (4, )

QNo1: An equilateral triangle made of sheet metal is is expanding because it is being heated.

Its area is given by = square centimeters (cm), where is the length of one

side in cm . Find the instantaneous rate of change of at = 10.

Solution:

To find instantaneous rate of change at the instant = 10 .

Consider

3 3
( + ) ( ) ( + ) 4 ( )
lim = lim = lim 4

 3 2 3 3
= lim = (2 ) =
4 4 2
QNo2: Find the equation of tangent and normal lines to the graph of

(2 + ) (3 ) = at point ,0

Solution:

Applying implicit differentiation technique to find slope of tangent line

) )
3(2 + ) (2 + 3(3 ) (3 =5

Rewriting above equation so that the terms involving are on the left, we have

3(2 + ) + 3(3 ) 5 = 9(3 ) 6(2 + )

9(3 ) 6(2 + )
=
3(3 ) + 3(2 + ) 5

9
=
13
Now equations of tangent and normal lines are

9 1
= ( )
13 3
13 1
= ( )
9 3
QNo4: Determine the intervals on which the function ( ) = +2 15 is positive or
negative.

Solution:

Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

+2 15 = 0 = 0 ,3,5

Now intervals are (, 0), (0,3), (3,5), (5, )

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or negative on
whole interval

(1) = 16 (, 0)
 (1) = 12 (0,3)

(4) = 36 (3,5)

(6) = 198 (5, )

An equilateral triangle made of sheet metal is is expanding because it is being heated.

Its area is given by = square centimeters (cm), where is the length of one

side in cm . Find the instantaneous rate of change of at = 10.

Solution: To find instantaneous rate of change at the instant = 10 .

Consider

3 3
( + ) ( ) ( + ) 4 ( )
lim = lim = lim 4

3 2 3 3
= lim = (2 ) =
4 4 2
QNo2: Find the equation of tangent and normal lines to the graph of

(2 + ) (3 ) = at point ,0

Solution:

Applying implicit differentiation technique to find slope of tangent line

) )
3(2 + ) (2 + 3(3 ) (3 =5

Rewriting above equation so that the terms involving are on the left, we have

3(2 + ) + 3(3 ) 5 = 9(3 ) 6(2 + )

9(3 ) 6(2 + )
=
3(3 ) + 3(2 + ) 5

9
=
13
Now equations of tangent and normal lines are

9 1 13 1
= = ( )
13 3 9 3
QNo4: Determine the intervals on which the function ( ) = +2 15 is positive or
negative.

Solution:

Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

+2 15 = 0 = 0 ,3,5

Now intervals are (, 0), (0,3), (3,5), (5, )

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or negative on
whole interval

(1) = 16 (, 0)

(1) = 12 (0,3)

(4) = 36 (3,5)

(6) = 198 (5, )

QNo1: Find the points on the graph of ( ) = 2 3 + 1, where the tangent line

is parallel to the line = 1. Also find equation of tangent lines to these points.

Solution:

( )=6 6 is the slope of the tangent line . To be parallel to the line =1

having slope 0 , it must have slope 0. Hence 6 6 = 0, ( 1) = 0, = 0, 1 .

Thus the points are (0, 1) (1 , 0).

Now equations of tangent lines are respectively.

=1 =0

+ 1
QNo2: Let ( ) = ;
4 < 1

Find values of A and B so that (1) exists. Also sketch the graph.

Solution: It is given that (1) exists. Therefore ( ) = 1.

i.e. . . = . . + = 4.( )
 ( + ) ( ) ( + ) +
. . . = lim = = lim
0
= 2
( + ) ( ) 4( + ) + 4
. . . = lim = = lim = 4
0
Again (1) exists implies . . = . . 2 = 4 = 2.

Putting this value in (i) we get = 2.

QNo4: Determine the intervals on which the function ( ) = is positive or

negative.

Solution: Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

2 6 +8
=0 + =0

= 2 ,4

Furthermore, ( ) is undefined on = 0.

Now intervals are (, 0), (0,2), (2,4) , (4, ).

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or
negative on whole interval

(1) = 14 (, 0)
 (1) = 3 (0,2)

1
(3) = (2,4)
3
(5) = 3 (4, )

Qno4: Find ( ) .

Solution: Given ( ) =

( )( 1
)= ( )
3

( )(
1 2
)= ( )
3 3

( )( 1 2 5
)= ( )
3 3 3

( )(
1 2 5 8
)= ( )
3 3 3 3

( )(
(1) (1.2.5.8. . (3 4)) ( )
)= ( )
3

QNO5: (a) Evaluate

1

Solution: Put

= 1, = 2 =
2 1
Therefore,

1 2 1
= =2 = 2[ tan ( )]
+1 +1
After back substitution we have
 1
= 2 1 tan 1

QNo1: Let
2 1 1
( )=
+2 >1
Check differentiability of ( ) at = 1 usinf first principle. Also sketch the graph.
(
Solution: To show that 1) exists, we find Left hand derivetive

Now

( + ) ( ) (3 2 2 ) 3 + 2
. . . = lim = = lim = 2

. . . = 2 = 1.

( + ) ( ) ( + ) + 2+ 2
. . . = lim = = lim

. . = 2 =1
(
Since . . = . . implies 1) exists.
 ( )
QNo2: (a) Find (1 + ) .

(b) Let ( )= + , ( )= + .

Find ( )( ), ( )( ) and ( )( ).

Whether commutative law hold withrespect to composition of function.

Solution: (a) Given ( ) = (1 + )

( )(
1 ( )(
1 3
)= (1 + ) , )= (1 + )
2 2 2

( )(
1 3 5
)= (1 + )
2 2 2

( )(
1 3 5 7
)= (1 + )
2 2 2 2

( )(
(1) (1.3.5. . (2 1)) ( )
)= (1 + )
2

(b) Consider
( )( ) = ( ) = ( + )= ( + )+ = +( + )

( )( ) = ( ) = ( + )= ( + )+ = +( + )

Clearly ( )( ) ( )( )

( )( ) = ( ) = ( + )= ( + )+ = + ( + 1)

Qno3: The curve + + = 4 intersects the Y-axis in two different points. Show
that the tangent linesto this curve at these points are parallel.

Solution:

To find the points of intersection of the curve and Y-axis put =0 = 2 .

Hence points are = (0, 2), = (0,2).

Now to find equation of tangent line, first we will find slope by implicit differenciation.

2
2 + + +2 =0 =
+2

1
(0, 2) = =
2

1
(0,2) = =
2
QNo4: Determine the intervals on which the function
2 +1
( )=
2 3
is positive or negative.

Solution: Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

2 +1 ( 1)
=0 =0
2 3 ( + 1)( 3)

Furthermore, function is undefined at = ,

Now intervals are (, 1), (1,1), (1,3), (3, )

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or
negative on whole interval

We conclude that ( ) is positive on {(, 1), (3, )} and negative on {(1,1), (1,3)}

QNO5: Evaluate the following Integral

(1)
1 + 1 1 +

Solution: Substitute 1 1 + = =

Now given integra becomes

= = ln( ) +
1 + 1 1 +

1 1
= ln + = ln +
1 1 +
QNo1 Let
+1 1
( )=
4 >1
Check differentiability of ( ) at = 1 using first principle. Also sketch the graph. (10)
(
Solution: To show that 1) exists, we find Left hand derivative.

Now

( + ) ( ) ( + ) +1 1
. . . = lim = = lim =2

. . . = 2 = 1.

( + ) ( ) 4 ( + ) 4
. . . = lim = = lim

4( + ) 4 4( + ) + 4 2
= lim = lim
4( + ) + 4 4

. . =1 =1
(
Since . . . . implies 1) does not exists.
 1
QNo2: (a) Find nth derivative of the function ( ) = 1 . (5)
(b) Let ( )=3 1, ( )= , ( ) = | 1|.

Find ( )( ), ( )( ) and ( )( ).
Check whether Associative law holds under composition of function. (5)

Solution: (a) Given ( ) = (1 )

( )( ) = (1)(1 ) ( )( ) = (1)(2)(1 )
,
( )( ) = (1)(2)(3)(1 )
( )( ) = (1)(2)(3)(4)(1 )

( )( ) = ( !)(1 ) ( )

(b) Consider
( )( ) = ( ) = ( )=3 1

( )( ) = ( ) = (| 1|) = (| 1|)

( )( ) = ( ) = (3 1) = (3 1)

( ) ( )=( ) ( ) = (| 1|) = ((| 1|) ) = 3(| 1|) 1

( ( ))( ) = (( )( )) = (| 1|) = ((| 1|) ) = 3(| 1|) 1

Clearly ( ) ( )=( ( ))( )

Qno3:

Find a point on the graph of the function ( ) = where the tangent line to ( )

Is perpendicular to +2 3 =0

Solution:

Let = ( , ) be point on ( ) where tangent line is perpendicular to given line.

Now slope of tangent line is =1+

Slope of given line is = By given condition = 1 1+ = 1

 = 1
Hence points are = (1,0) = (1,0)

QNo4: Determine the intervals on which the function (10)

+ 2
( )=
is positive or negative.

Solution: Put ( ) = 0 to find zeros of ( ).

+ 2
= 0 ( 1)( + 2) = 0

= ,

Furthermore, function is undefined at =

Now intervals are (, 2), (2,0), (0,1), (1, )

Taking test point from each interval we will decide whether function is positive or
negative on whole interval

We conclude that ( ) is negative on {(, 2), (1, )} and positive on {(2,0), (0,1)}

QNO5: Evaluate the following Integral (5)

2+
2

Solution: Substitute 2 = = 2

Now given integral would become

2+
= (4 )(2 )= (2 8)
2

2 2 2
= 8 + = 82 +
3 3
QNo1(a) Use the basic properties of summation to evaluate the sum

(9 + + ) (5)

Solution

(9 + + )=9 1+ +

(9 + + ) = 9(50) + (25)(51) + 25(17)(101) = 44650

(b) Use the basic properties of summation to evaluate the sum

1
( 1)( 2)

Solution: Consider

1 1 1
=
( 1)( 2) ( 2) ( 1)

1 98
=1 =
99 99

(c) Use the basic properties of summation to evaluate the sum

( )

Solution:

Above summation starts from 2, to apply property = , summation should start

from 0, so we will add and subtract few terms for this
 1
1 1 3 1 (2) 3 2 1 3
( )= = =2 = 0.4999
2 2 2 1 2 2 2
1
2
(d) Use the basic properties of summation to evaluate the sum
1
( )
5

(a)

Above summation starts from 1, to apply property

1
=
1
summation should start from 0, so we will add and subtract one term for this

1
1 1 1( ) 5 1
( )= 1 = 5 1 = 1 = 0.24999
5 5 1 4 5
1
5

QNO5: Use the basic properties of summation to evaluate the sum

(3 + )
Solution:
30 30 30 30
2 2
(3 + ) = 9+6 + =9 1+6 +
=1 =1 =1 =1

(3 + ) = 9(30) + 3(30)(31) + 5(31)(61) = 12515

QNO5: Use the basic properties of summation to evaluate the sum

(3 + 4)
Solution: Consider

(3 + 4) = (3k ) + 4 =3 (k ) + 4 1=
 3n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(2n + 3n + 9)
= + 4n =
6 2
(b) Consider

(3 1)(2 + 2) = (6 + 4 2) = 6 +4 2 1

6 ( + 1)(2 + 1) ( + 1)
= +4 2 = [( + 1)(2 + 1) + ( + 1) 2]
6 2
= [2 +3 +1+ + 1 2] = 2 [ +2]