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    D Is For Domain

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    Aicha Cher
    This document discusses time and depth domains as they relate to seismic data analysis. It explains that time-domain describes how functions or signals change over time, while depth-domain describes how they change over space. Seismic data is naturally presented in the time domain, but geoscientists must often convert between time and depth domains. The example shows how representing the same subsurface structure in the depth domain, using a linearly decreasing velocity model, results in a significantly different image compared to the time domain. While depth domain may seem more intuitive, there are cases where the time domain is preferable, such as when velocity uncertainty is too high or for signal processing purposes.

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    D Is For Domain

    Uploaded by

    Aicha Cher
    14 views2 pages
    This document discusses time and depth domains as they relate to seismic data analysis. It explains that time-domain describes how functions or signals change over time, while depth-domain describes how they change over space. Seismic data is naturally presented in the time domain, but geoscientists must often convert between time and depth domains. The example shows how representing the same subsurface structure in the depth domain, using a linearly decreasing velocity model, results in a significantly different image compared to the time domain. While depth domain may seem more intuitive, there are cases where the time domain is preferable, such as when velocity uncertainty is too high or for signal processing purposes.

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    D is for Domain

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    D is for Domain

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    This document discusses time and depth domains as they relate to seismic data analysis. It explains that time-domain describes how functions or signals change over time, while depth-domain describes how they change over space. Seismic data is naturally presented in the time domain, but geoscientists must often convert between time and depth domains. The example shows how representing the same subsurface structure in the depth domain, using a linearly decreasing velocity model, results in a significantly different image compared to the time domain. While depth domain may seem more intuitive, there are cases where the time domain is preferable, such as when velocity uncertainty is too high or for signal processing purposes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views2 pages

    D Is For Domain

    Uploaded by

    Aicha Cher
    This document discusses time and depth domains as they relate to seismic data analysis. It explains that time-domain describes how functions or signals change over time, while depth-domain describes how they change over space. Seismic data is naturally presented in the time domain, but geoscientists must often convert between time and depth domains. The example shows how representing the same subsurface structure in the depth domain, using a linearly decreasing velocity model, results in a significantly different image compared to the time domain. While depth domain may seem more intuitive, there are cases where the time domain is preferable, such as when velocity uncertainty is too high or for signal processing purposes.

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    DisforDomain

    March16,2011 / EvanBianco

    Domainisatermusedtodescribeavariableforwhichasetoffunctionsorsignalsaredefined.

    Timedomaindescribesfunctionsorsignalsthatchangeovertimedepthdomaindescribesfunctionsorsignal
    thatchangeoverspace.Theoscillioscope,geophone,andheartratemonitoraretoolsusedtovisualizerealworld
    signalsinthetimedomain.Themap,photograph,andwelllogaretoolstodescribesignalsinthedepth(spatial)
    domain.

    Becauseseismicwavesarerecordedintime(jargon:timeseries),seismicdataarenaturallypresentedand
    interpretedwithtimeasthezaxis.Routinelythough,geoscientistsmustconvertdataanddataobjectsbetweenthe
    timeanddepthdomain.

    Considerthetopofahydrocarbonbearingreservoirinthetime
    domain(toppanel).Inthisdomain,itlookslikewellsAandB
    willhitthereservoiratthesameelevationandencounterthe
    sameamountofpay.

    Inthisexamplethevelocitiesthatenabledomainconversion
    varyfromlefttoright,therebychangingthepositionofthis
    structureindepth.Thevelocitymodel(secondpanel)linearly
    decreasesfrom4000m/sontheleft,to3500m/sontheright
    thisequatestoa12.5%variationintheaveragevelocitiesinthe
    overburdenabovethereservoir.

    Thisvelocitygradientyieldsadepthimagethatissignificantly
    differentthanthetimedomainrepresentation.Thesymmetric
    timestructurebumphasbeenrotatedandthespillpointshifted
    fromtheleftsidetotheright.Moreimportantly,theamountof
    reservoirunderneaththetraphasbeendrasticallyreduced.

    Haveyouencounteredexamplesinyourworkwheredatadomainshavebeenmisleading?

    Althoughitisperhapsmoreintuitivetoworkwithdepthdomaindatawhereverpossible,sometimesthereare
    goodreasonstoworkwithtime.Excessivevelocityuncertaintymakesdepthconversionsoambiguousthatyou
    arebetteroffintimedomain.Timedomainsignalsarerecordedatregularsamplerates,whichisbetterforsignal
    processingandseismicattributes.Additionally,traveltimeitselfisanattributeinthatitmayberecordedor
    mappedforitsphysicalmeaninginsomecases,forexampletimelapseseismic.

    Ifyouthinkaboutit,allthreeofthesemodelsareinfactdifferentrepresentationsofthesameearth.Itmightbe
    temptingtoregardthedepthpictureas'reality'butifit'syouronlyperspective,you'rekiddingyourself.

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