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Past Perfect
FORM
[had + past participle]

Examples:

You had studied English before you moved to New York.


Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

Complete List of Past Perfect Forms

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened
before a specific time in the past.

Examples:

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.


I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous


Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the
past and continued up until another action in the past.
Examples:

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.
Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live,"
"work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect

Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually
not necessary.

Example:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

MOREOVER

If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used
in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both
sentences below are correct.

Examples:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.
She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

HOWEVER

If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect
is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used.

Examples:

She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct
She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license. ACTIVE
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license. PASSIVE
Pluscuamperfecto
FORMULARIO

[+ Participio pasado tuvo]

Ejemplos:

Usted haba estudiado Ingls antes de mudarse a Nueva York.


Si hubieras estudiado Ingls antes de mudarse a Nueva York?
No haba estudiado Ingls antes de mudarse a Nueva York.

Lista completa de anteriores formas perfectas

USO 1 Accin completada antes de que algo en el pasado

El Pasado Perfecto expresa la idea de que algo ocurri antes de otra accin en el pasado. Tambin puede mostrar que algo sucedi antes de
un momento especfico en el pasado.

Ejemplos:

Yo nunca haba visto una hermosa playa antes de ir a Kauai.


Yo no tena dinero porque haba perdido mi billetera.
Tony saba Estambul muy bien porque haba visitado la ciudad varias veces.
Susan haba estudiado nunca tailandesa antes de que ella se mud a Tailandia?
Ella slo entenda la pelcula, porque ella haba ledo el libro.
Kristine nunca haba estado en una pera antes de anoche.
No pudimos conseguir una habitacin de hotel porque no habamos reservado con antelacin.
R: Si usted ha visitado los EE.UU. antes de su viaje en el 2006?
B: S, yo haba estado en los EE.UU. una vez antes.

USO 2 Duracin Antes de algo en el pasado (no continuos verbos)

Con verbos no continuos y algunos usos no continuos de los verbos mixtos , se utiliza el pretrito perfecto para demostrar que algo se inici
en el pasado y continu hasta otra accin en el pasado.

Ejemplos:

Habamos tenido ese coche durante diez aos antes de que se rompi.
En el momento Alex termin sus estudios, que haba estado en Londres durante ms de ocho aos.
Se senta mal por la venta de la casa porque lo haban posedo durante ms de cuarenta aos.
Aunque el uso anterior de Past Perfect normalmente se limita a los verbos no continuos y no continuos usos de los verbos mixtos, las
palabras "en vivo", "incluso el trabajo", "ensear" y "estudio" a veces se utilizan de esta manera, aunque NO son los verbos no continuos.

IMPORTANTE Times especficas con el Pasado Perfecto


A diferencia con el presente perfecto , es posible el uso de determinadas palabras o frases en tiempo con el pasado perfecto. Aunque esto es
posible, normalmente no es necesario.

Ejemplo:

Ella haba visitado a sus familiares japoneses, una vez en el ao 1993 antes de que ella se mud con ellos en 1996.

POR OTRA PARTE

Si la accin Past Perfect ocurrieron en un momento determinado, el pasado simple se puede utilizar en lugar del Pasado Perfecto, cuando
"antes" o "despus" se utiliza en la sentencia. Las palabras "antes" y "despus" en realidad le dir lo que pasa en primer lugar, por lo que el
Past Perfect es opcional.Por esta razn, las dos frases siguientes son correctas.

Ejemplos:

Ella haba visitado a sus familiares japoneses, una vez en el ao 1993 antes de que ella se mud con ellos en 1996.
Ella visit a sus parientes japoneses, una vez en el ao 1993 antes de que ella se mud con ellos en 1996.

SIN EMBARGO

Si el pasado perfecto no se est refiriendo a una accin en un momento determinado, perfecto en el pasado no es opcional. Compare los
ejemplos a continuacin. Perfecto Pasado Aqu se est refiriendo a la falta de experiencia, ms que una accin en un momento
determinado. Por esta razn, el pasado simple no puede ser utilizado.

Ejemplos:

Ella nunca vio a un oso antes de mudarse a Alaska. No es correcto


Nunca haba visto un oso antes de mudarse a Alaska. Correcta

ADVERBIO COLOCACIN

Los siguientes ejemplos muestran la colocacin de los adverbios de gramtica, tales como: siempre, slo, nunca, nunca, todava, justo, etc

Ejemplos:

Usted haba estudiado Ingls antes de mudarse a Nueva York.

Si hubiera estudiado previamente Ingls antes de mudarse a Nueva York?

ACTIVO / PASIVO

Ejemplos:

George haba reparado muchos coches antes de recibir su licencia de mecnico. ACTIVO
Muchos coches haban sido reparados por George antes de recibir su licencia de mecnico. PASIVO

Simple Past
FORM
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs

Examples:

You called Debbie.


Did you call Debbie?
You did not call Debbie.
Complete List of Simple Past Forms

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not
actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:

I saw a movie yesterday.


I didn't see a play yesterday.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
Did you have dinner last night?
She washed her car.
He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions
such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:
I lived in Brazil for two years.
Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.
They did not stay at the party the entire time.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear
that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

I studied French when I was a child.


He played the violin.
He didn't play the piano.
Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
She worked at the movie theater after school.
They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple
Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."

Examples:

She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.


He didn't like tomatoes before.
Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First


Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as
"when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples
below contain when-clauses.

Examples:

When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.


She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean
the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at
the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my
question, and then, I paid her one dollar.
Example:

I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You just called Debbie.


Did you just call Debbie?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

Tom repaired the car. ACTIVE


The car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVE

Pasado Simple
FORMULARIO

[Verbo + ED] o los verbos irregulares

Ejemplos:

Usted llam a Debbie.


Saba usted llamar a Debbie?
Usted no llamar a Debbie.
Lista completa de simples formas pasadas
USO 1 accin completada en el pasado

Utilizar el pasado simple para expresar la idea de que una accin empez y termin en un momento especfico en el pasado. A veces, el
hablante no puede realmente hablar de la hora determinada, pero tienen un tiempo especfico en mente.

Ejemplos:

Vi una pelcula de ayer.


No he visto un juego de ayer.
El ao pasado, viaj a Japn.
El ao pasado, que no viaj a Corea.
Ha tenido la cena de anoche?
Se lav su coche.
No lave su auto.

USO 2 una serie de medidas concluidas

Usamos el pasado simple para enumerar una serie de acciones realizadas en el pasado. Estas acciones ocurren primero, segundo, tercero,
cuarto, y as sucesivamente.

Ejemplos:

Termin el trabajo, se dirigi a la playa, y encontr un buen lugar para nadar.


Lleg desde el aeropuerto a las 8:00, se registr en el hotel a las 9:00, y se reuni con los otros a las 10:00.
Saba usted agregue la harina, verter la leche y luego agregue los huevos?

Utilice 3 Duracin en el pasado

El pasado simple se puede utilizar con una duracin que se inicia y se detiene en el pasado. La duracin es una accin ms indicada a
menudo por expresiones tales como: durante dos aos, durante cinco minutos, todo el da, durante todo el ao, etc

Ejemplos:

He vivido en Brasil durante dos aos.


Shauna estudi japons durante cinco aos.
Se sentaron en la playa todo el da.
No se quedaron en la fiesta todo el tiempo.
Hemos hablado por telfono durante treinta minutos.
R: Cunto tiempo esperar a que ellos?
B: Nosotros esperamos por una hora.

USO 4 Hbitos en el pasado


El pasado simple tambin puede ser utilizado para describir un hbito que se detuvo en el pasado. Se puede tener el mismo significado que
" utiliza para ".Para que quede claro que estamos hablando de un hbito, que a menudo aaden expresiones tales como: siempre, a menudo,
por lo general, nunca, cuando yo era un nio, cuando era ms joven, etc

Ejemplos:

Yo estudi francs cuando yo era un nio.


l tocaba el violn.
No tocar el piano.
Saba usted tocar un instrumento musical cuando era un nio?
Ella trabaj en el cine despus de la escuela.
Nunca fue a la escuela, que siempre se saltan la clase.

USO 5 hechos pasados o generalizaciones

El pasado simple tambin se puede utilizar para describir hechos pasados o generalizaciones que ya no son verdad. Al igual que en USO 4,
este uso del pasado simple es muy similar a la expresin " utilizada para ".

Ejemplos:

Era un nio tmido, pero ahora es muy sociable.


No le gustaba tomates antes.
Saba usted vive en Texas, cuando eras un nio?
La gente paga mucho ms para hacer llamadas de telfonos celulares en el pasado.

IMPORTANTE Cuando las clusulas suceder primero

Las clusulas son grupos de palabras que tienen significado, pero son a menudo frases no completas. Algunas clusulas de comenzar con la
palabra "cuando" tales como "cuando se me cay la pluma ..." o "cuando la clase comenz ..." Estas clusulas se llama cuando las clusulas,
y que son muy importantes. Los ejemplos a continuacin contienen cuando las clusulas.

Ejemplos:

Cuando yo le pagaba un dlar, que respondi a mi pregunta.


Ella respondi a mi pregunta cuando yo le pagaba un dlar.

Cuando las clusulas son importantes porque siempre sucede por primera vez cuando las dos clusulas estn en el pasado simple. Los dos
ejemplos anteriores significan lo mismo: en primer lugar, yo le pagaba un dlar, y luego, ella respondi a mi pregunta. No es importante si
"cuando yo le pagaba un dlar" est en el principio de la frase o al final de la frase. Sin embargo, el ejemplo de abajo tiene un significado
diferente. En primer lugar, ella respondi a mi pregunta, y luego, yo le pagaba un dlar.

Ejemplo:

Le pagu un dlar cuando ella respondi a mi pregunta.

ADVERBIO COLOCACIN

Los siguientes ejemplos muestran la colocacin de los adverbios de gramtica, tales como: siempre, slo, nunca, nunca, todava, justo, etc

Ejemplos:
Usted acaba de llamar a Debbie.
Acabas de llamar a Debbie?

ACTIVO / PASIVO

Ejemplos:

Tom repar el coche. ACTIVO


El coche fue reparado por Tom. PASIVO

Past Continuous
FORM
[was/were + present participle]

Examples:

You were studying when she called.


Were you studying when she called?
You were not studying when she called.

Complete List of Past Continuous Forms

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past


Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple
Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

Examples:

I was watching TV when she called.


When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
What were you doing when the earthquake started?
I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.
A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: I was snowboarding.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific
time as an interruption.

Examples:

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.


At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the
action.

Examples:

Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.


I STARTED EATING AT 6 PM.
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
I STARTED EARLIER; AND AT 6 PM, I WAS IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.

USE 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same
time. The actions are parallel.

Examples:

I was studying while he was making dinner.


While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
Were you listening while he was talking?
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
What were you doing while you were waiting?
Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

USE 4 Atmosphere
In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.

Example:

When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was
yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands.
Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in
the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or
"constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

Examples:

She was always coming to class late.


He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

While vs. When


Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as
"when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you
talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past
Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize
different parts of the sentence.

Examples:

I was studying when she called.


While I was studying, she called.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs


It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings
for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past.

Examples:

Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct


Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You were just studying when she called.


Were you just studying when she called?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. ACTIVE
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. PASSIVE

Pasado Continuo
FORMULARIO

[Was / were + participio presente]

Ejemplos:

Usted estaba estudiando cuando me llam.


Fue el estudio cuando llam?
No estaba estudiando cuando ella llam.

Lista completa de los anteriores formularios continuos

USO 1 accin interrumpida en el pasado

Utilizar el pasado continuo para indicar que una accin ya en el pasado se interrumpi. La interrupcin es generalmente una accin ms corta
en el pasado simple. Recordar esta puede ser una interrupcin real o slo una interrupcin en el tiempo.

Ejemplos:

Yo estaba viendo la televisin cuando me llam.


Cuando son el telfono, que estaba escribiendo una carta.
A pesar de que tenan el da de campo, empez a llover.
Qu estaba haciendo cuando comenz el terremoto?
Estaba escuchando mi iPod, as que no oy la alarma de incendio.
No se me escucha cuando le dije a apagar el horno.
Mientras que John estaba durmiendo ayer por la noche, alguien le rob su coche.
Sammy estaba esperando para nosotros cuando nos bajamos del avin.
Mientras estaba escribiendo el correo electrnico, el equipo de repente se apag.
A: Qu estabas haciendo cuando te rompiste la pierna?
B: Me snowboard.

USO 2 de tiempo especfico, como una interrupcin

En USO 1, descrito anteriormente, el pasado continuo es interrumpido por una accin ms corta en el pasado simple. Sin embargo, tambin
puede utilizar un tiempo especfico como una interrupcin.

Ejemplos:

Ayer por la noche a las 6 de la tarde, yo estaba comiendo la cena.


A la media noche, todava estbamos conduciendo por el desierto.
Ayer en este momento, yo estaba sentado en mi escritorio en el trabajo.

IMPORTANTE

En el pasado simple, un momento determinado se utiliza para mostrar cuando una accin se inici o termin. En el pasado continuo, un
tiempo especfico del que slo interrumpe la accin.

Ejemplos:

Ayer por la noche a las 6 PM, me com la cena.


EMPEC A COMER A LAS 6 PM.
Ayer por la noche a las 6 de la tarde, yo estaba comiendo la cena.
EMPEC ANTES, Y A LAS 6 PM, YO ESTABA EN EL PROCESO DE COMER LA CENA.

USO 3 Acciones paralelas

Cuando se utiliza el Pasado Continuo con dos acciones en la misma frase, que expresa la idea de que ambas acciones fueron sucediendo al
mismo tiempo.Las acciones son paralelas.

Ejemplos:

Yo estaba estudiando mientras l preparaba la cena.


Mientras que Elena estaba leyendo, Tim estaba viendo la televisin.
Se le escucha mientras l estaba hablando?
Yo no estaba prestando atencin, mientras que yo estaba escribiendo la carta, as que cometi varios errores.
Qu estaba haciendo mientras usted esperaba?
Toms no estaba trabajando, y yo no estaba funcionando bien.
Estaban comiendo la cena, hablando de sus planes, y pasar un buen rato.

USO 4 Ambiente

En Ingls, que a menudo utilizan una serie de acciones paralelas para describir la atmsfera en un momento determinado en el pasado.

Ejemplo:
Cuando entr en la oficina, varias personas estaban muy ocupados escribiendo, algunos estaban hablando en los telfonos, el
jefe le gritabainstrucciones, y los clientes estaban esperando que se les ayude. Uno de los clientes estaba gritando a un
secretario y agitando las manos. Otrosse quejaban el uno al otro sobre el mal servicio.

USO 5 La repeticin y la irritacin con "Siempre"

El pasado continuo con palabras como "siempre" o "constantemente", expresa la idea de que algo irritante o impactante ocurrido a menudo
en el pasado. El concepto es muy similar a la expresin " utilizada para ", pero con emocin negativa. Recuerde que debe poner las palabras
"siempre" o "constante" entre el "ser" y "verbo + ing".

Ejemplos:

Siempre estaba de venir a clase tarde.


Estaba constantemente hablando. Se molest todo el mundo.
No me gustan porque siempre estaban quejndose.

Mientras que frente a Al

Las clusulas son grupos de palabras que tienen significado, pero a menudo no son oraciones completas. Algunas clusulas de comenzar
con la palabra "cuando" tales como "cuando llam a" o "cuando me mordi". Otras clusulas de empezar ", mientras que" tales como
"mientras dorma" y "mientras l estaba navegando". Cuando se habla de las cosas en el pasado ", cuando" es lo ms a menudo seguido por
el verbo en tiempo pasado simple , mientras que "mientras que" es generalmente seguido por el pasado continuo. "Mientras que" expresa la
idea de "durante ese tiempo." Estudiar los ejemplos siguientes. Ellos tienen significados similares, pero hacen hincapi en diferentes partes
de la oracin.

Ejemplos:

Yo estaba estudiando cuando me llam.


Mientras estudiaba, ella llam.

RECUERDE no continuos o Verbos Verbos mixtos

Es importante recordar que no continuos verbos no se puede utilizar en cualquier tiempos continuos. Adems, ciertos discontinuos
significados para Verbos mixtos no puede ser utilizado en tiempos continuos. En lugar de utilizar el pasado continuo con estos verbos, debe
utilizar el pasado simple .

Ejemplos:

Jane se estaba en mi casa cuando lleg. No es correcto


Jane estaba en mi casa cuando lleg. Correcta

ADVERBIO COLOCACIN

Los siguientes ejemplos muestran la colocacin de los adverbios de gramtica, tales como: siempre, slo, nunca, nunca, todava, justo, etc

Ejemplos:

Usted se acaba de estudiar cuando me llam.


Se le acaba de estudiar cuando llam?

ACTIVO / PASIVO

Ejemplos:

El vendedor estaba ayudando a los clientes cuando el ladrn entr en la tienda. ACTIVO
El cliente estaba siendo ayudado por el vendedor cuando el ladrn entr en la tienda. PASIVO

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