Hello,

This article is about the original company from 1939 to 2015. For the current companies, see HP
Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise.

Coordinates: 37.413579N 122.14508W

Hewlett-Packard Company

Last logo of Hewlett-Packard used from 2010 to 2015; now used

by HP Inc.

HP headquarters in Palo Alto, California, U.S.

Former type Public

Traded as NYSE: HPQ

Industry Computer hardware

Computer software
IT services
IT consulting

Fate Split into two companies

Successor HP Inc.
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
 Founded January 1, 1939; 78 years ago

Founders William Redington Hewlett

David Packard

Defunct November 1, 2015 (For Hewlett Packard

Enterprise). Now operating as, HP Inc.

Headquarters Palo Alto, California, U.S.

Area served Worldwide

Products See list of HP products.

Revenue US$ 138.854 billion (2015)[1]

Operating income US$ 9.185 billion (2015)[1]

Net income US$ 7.013 billion (2015)[1]

Total assets US$ 152.406 billion (2015)[1]

Total equity US$ 28.731 billion (2014)[1]

Number of 315,000 (Q2, 2015)[1]

employees

Divisions Financing, Hardware, Services, Software

Subsidiaries List of subsidiaries

Website www.hp.com

The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-

Packard (HEW-lit PACK-erd) was an American multinational information technology
company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. It developed and provided a wide variety of
hardware components as well as software and related services to consumers, small- and
medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government,
health and education sectors.

The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by William "Bill" Redington
Hewlett and David "Dave" Packard, and initially produced a line of electronic test equipment. HP
 was the world's leading PC manufacturer from 2007 to Q2 2013, after which Lenovo came to
rank ahead of HP.[2][3][4] It specialized in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage,
and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. Major product lines
included personal computing devices, enterprise and industry standard servers, related storage
devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers and other imaging
products. HP marketed its products to households, small- to medium-sized businesses and
enterprises directly as well as via online distribution, consumer-electronics and office-supply
retailers, software partners and major technology vendors. HP also had services and consulting
business around its products and partner products.

Hewlett-Packard company events included the spin-off of its electronic and bio-analytical
measurement instruments part of its business as Agilent Technologies in 1999,
its merger with Compaq in 2002, and the acquisition of EDS in 2008, which led to combined
revenues of $118.4 billion in 2008 and a Fortune 500 ranking of 9 in 2009. In November 2009,
HP announced the acquisition of 3Com,[5] with the deal closing on April 12, 2010.[6] On April 28,
2010, HP announced the buyout of Palm, Inc. for $1.2 billion.[7] On September 2, 2010, HP won
its bidding war for 3PAR with a $33 a share offer ($2.07 billion), which Dell declined to match.[8]

On October 6, 2014, Hewlett-Packard announced plans to split the PC and printers business
from its enterprise products and services business. The split closed on November 1, 2015, and
resulted in two publicly traded companies: HP Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise.[9]

Contents

[hide]

1History

o 1.1Founding and early years

o 1.21960s

o 1.31970s

o 1.41980s

o 1.51990s

1.5.1Sales to Iran despite sanctions

o 1.620002005

o 1.720062009

o 1.820102012

o 1.920132015

2Facilities

3Products and organizational structure

 4Staff and culture

o 4.1Notable people

5Corporate social responsibility

6Brand

7HP Discover customer event

8Controversies

o 8.1Restatement

o 8.2Spying scandal

o 8.3Hardware

o 8.4Lawsuit against Oracle

o 8.5Takeover of Autonomy

o 8.6Israeli settlements

o 8.7Bribery

9See also

10References

11External links

History[edit]

Founding and early years[edit]

The garage in Palo Alto where Hewlett and Packard began their company
Hewlett-Packard logo used from 1941 to 1964

William Redington Hewlett[10] and David Packard graduated with degrees in electrical
engineering from Stanford University in 1935. The company originated in a garage in
nearby Palo Alto during a fellowship they had with a past professor, Frederick Terman at Stanford
during the Great Depression. Terman was considered a mentor to them in forming Hewlett-
Packard.[11] In 1939, Packard and Hewlett established Hewlett-Packard (HP) in Packard's garage
with an initial capital investment of US$538.[12] Hewlett and Packard tossed a coin to decide
whether the company they founded would be called Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett. [13] HP
incorporated on August 18, 1947, and went public on November 6, 1957.

Of the many projects they worked on, their very first financially successful product was a
precision audio oscillator, the Model HP200A. Their innovation was the use of a small
incandescent light bulb (known as a "pilot light") as a temperature dependent resistor in a critical
portion of the circuit, the negative feedback loop which stabilized the amplitude of the output
sinusoidal waveform. This allowed them to sell the Model 200A for $54.40 when competitors
were selling less stable oscillators for over $200. The Model 200 series of generators continued
until at least 1972 as the 200AB, still tube-based but improved in design through the years.

One of the company's earliest customers was Walt Disney Productions which bought eight Model
200B oscillators (at $71.50 each) for use in certifying the Fantasound surround sound systems
installed in theaters for the movie Fantasia.

They worked on counter-radar technology and artillery shell fuses during World War II, which
allowed Packard (but not Hewlett) to be exempt from the draft. [14]

1960s[edit]

The HP200A, a precision audio oscillator, was the company's very first financially successful product.

HP is recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley, although it did not actively investigate
semiconductor devices until a few years after the "traitorous eight" had abandoned William
Shockley to create Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957. Hewlett-Packard's HP Associates division,
established around 1960, developed semiconductor devices primarily for internal use.
Instruments and calculators were some of the products using these devices.

HP partnered in the 1960s with Sony and the Yokogawa Electric companies in Japan to develop
several high-quality products. The products were not a huge success, as there were high costs in
building HP-looking products in Japan. HP and Yokogawa formed a joint venture (Yokogawa-
Hewlett-Packard) in 1963 to market HP products in Japan. [15] HP bought Yokogawa Electric's
share of Hewlett-Packard Japan in 1999.[16]

HP spun off a small company, Dynac, to specialize in digital equipment. The name was picked so
that the HP logo "hp" could be turned upside down to be a reverse reflect image of the logo "dy"
of the new company. Eventually Dynac changed to Dymec, then was folded back into HP in
1959.[17] HP experimented with using Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) minicomputers with its
instruments, but after deciding that it would be easier to build another small design team than
deal with DEC, HP entered the computer market in 1966 with the HP 2100 / HP 1000 series of
minicomputers. These had a simple accumulator-based design, with registers arranged
somewhat similarly to the Intel x86 architecture still used today. The series was produced for 20
years, in spite of several attempts to replace it, and was a forerunner of the HP 9800 and HP
250 series of desktop and business computers.

1970s[edit]

Hewlett-Packard logo used from 1964 to 1979

The HP 3000 was an advanced stack-based design for a business computing server, later
redesigned with RISC technology. The HP 2640 series of smart and intelligent terminals
introduced forms-based interfaces to ASCII terminals, and also introduced screen labeled
function keys, now commonly used on gas pumps and bank ATMs. The HP 2640 series included
one of the first bit mapped graphics displays that when combined with the HP 2100 21MX F-
Series microcoded Scientific Instruction Set[18] enabled the first
commercial WYSIWYG Presentation Program, BRUNO that later became the program HP-Draw
on the HP 3000. Although scoffed at in the formative days of computing, HP would eventually
surpass even IBM as the world's largest technology vendor, in terms of sales. [19]

Introduced in 1968, "The new Hewlett-Packard 9100A personal computer is ready, willing, and able ... to
relieve you of waiting to get on the big computer."
Although Programma 101 was the first commercial "desktop computer", HP is identified
by Wired magazine as the producer of the world's first device to be called a personal computer,
the Hewlett-Packard 9100A, introduced in 1968.[20]Programma 101 was called "computer
personale" (in Italian), at Fiera di Milano, 1966.[21] HP called it a desktop calculator, because, as
Bill Hewlett said, "If we had called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers'
computer gurus because it didn't look like an IBM. We therefore decided to call it a calculator,
and all such nonsense disappeared." An engineering triumph at the time, the logic circuit was
produced without any integrated circuits; the assembly of the CPU having been entirely executed
in discrete components. With CRT display, magnetic-card storage, and printer, the price was
around $5,000. The machine's keyboard was a cross between that of a scientific calculator and
an adding machine. There was no alphabetic keyboard.

Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple, originally designed the Apple I computer while working at
HP and offered it to them under their right of first refusal to his work, but they did not take it up as
the company wanted to stay in scientific, business, and industrial markets. Wozniak said that HP
"turned him down 5 times." Wozniak said his loyalty to HP made him hesitant to start Apple with
Steve Jobs.[22]

The company earned global respect for a variety of products. They introduced the world's
first handheld scientific electronic calculator in 1972 (the HP-35), the first handheld
programmable in 1974 (the HP-65), the first alphanumeric, programmable, expandable in 1979
(the HP-41C), and the first symbolic and graphing calculator, the HP-28C. Like their scientific and
business calculators, their oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and other measurement instruments
have a reputation for sturdiness and usability (the latter products are now part of spin-
off Agilent's product line). The company's design philosophy in this period was summarized as
"design for the guy at the next bench".[citation needed]

The 98x5 series of technical desktop computers started in 1975 with the 9815, and the cheaper
80 series, again of technical computers, started in 1979 with the 85. [23] These machines used a
version of the BASIC programming language which was available immediately after they were
switched on, and used a proprietary magnetic tape for storage. HP computers were similar in
capabilities to the much later IBM Personal Computer, although the limitations of available
technology forced prices to be high.[citation needed]

1980s[edit]

Hewlett-Packard logo used from 1979 to 2010

In 1984, HP introduced both inkjet and laser printers for the desktop. Along with
its scanner product line, these have later been developed into successful multifunction products,
the most significant being single-unit printer/scanner/copier/fax machines. The print mechanisms
in HP's tremendously popular LaserJet line of laser printers depend almost entirely on Canon
Inc.'s components (print engines), which in turn use technology developed by Xerox. HP
develops the hardware, firmware, and software that convert data into dots for the mechanism to
print.[citation needed]
On March 3, 1986, HP registered the HP.com domain name, making it the ninth
Internet .com domain ever to be registered.

In 1987, the Palo Alto garage where Hewlett and Packard started their business was designated
as a California State historical landmark.

1990s[edit]
In the 1990s, HP expanded their computer product line, which initially had been targeted at
university, research, and business users, to reach consumers. HP also grew through
acquisitions. It bought Apollo Computer in 1989 and Convex Computer in 1995.

Later in the decade, HP opened hpshopping.com as an independent subsidiary to sell online,

direct to consumers; in 2005, the store was renamed "HP Home & Home Office Store."

From 1995 to 1998, Hewlett-Packard were sponsors of the English football team Tottenham
Hotspur.

In 1999, all of the businesses not related to computers, storage, and imaging were spun off from
HP to form Agilent Technologies. Agilent's spin-off was the largest initial public offering in the
history of Silicon Valley.[24] The spin-off created an $8 billion company with about 30,000
employees, manufacturing scientific instruments, semiconductors, optical networking devices,
and electronic test equipment for telecom and wireless R&D and production.

In July 1999, HP appointed Carly Fiorina as CEO, the first female CEO of a company in the Dow
Jones Industrial Average. Fiorina served as CEO during the technology downturn [citation needed] of the
early 2000s. During her tenure, the market value of HP halved and the company cut jobs heavily.
[25]
The HP Board of Directors asked Fiorina to step down in 2005, and she resigned on February
9, 2005.

Sales to Iran despite sanctions[edit]

In 1997, HP sold over $120 million worth of its printers and computer products to Iran through a
European subsidiary and a Dubai-based East distributor, despite U.S. export sanctions
prohibiting such deals imposed by Bill Clinton's executive orders issued in 1995.[26][27][28] The story
was initially reported by The Boston Globe,[29] and it triggered an inquiry by the SEC. HP
responded that products worth US$120 million were sold in fiscal year 2008[30] for distribution by
way of Redington Gulf, a company based in the Netherlands, and that as these sales took place
through a foreign subsidiary, HP had not violated sanctions.[26]

HP named Redington Gulf "Wholesaler of the Year" in 2003, which in turn published a press
release stating that "[t]he seeds of the Redington-Hewlett-Packard relationship were sowed six
years ago for one market Iran."[26] At that time, Redington Gulf had only three employees
whose sole purpose was to sell HP products to the Iran market.[29] According to former officials
who worked on sanctions, HP was using a loophole by routing their sales through a foreign
subsidiary.[26] HP ended its relationship with Redington Gulf after the SEC inquiry.[26]
20002005[edit]

Hewlett-Packard Deskjet 3845 printer

On September 3, 2001, HP announced that an agreement had been reached with Compaq to
merge the two companies.[31] In May 2002, after passing a shareholder vote, HP officially merged
with Compaq. Prior to this, plans had been in place to consolidate the companies' product teams
and product lines.[32]

Compaq had already taken over Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998. HP therefore still offers
support for the former Digital Equipment products PDP-11, VAX and AlphaServer.

The merger occurred after a proxy fight with Bill Hewlett's son Walter, who objected to the
merger. Compaq itself had bought Tandem Computers in 1997 (which had been started by ex-HP
employees), and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998. Following this strategy, HP became a
major player in desktops, laptops, and servers for many different markets. After the merger with
Compaq, the new ticker symbol became "HPQ", a combination of the two previous symbols,
"HWP" and "CPQ", to show the significance of the alliance and also key letters from the two
companies Hewlett-Packard and Compaq (the latter company being famous for its "Q" logo on all
of its products).

In 2004, HP released the DV 1000 Series, including the HP Pavilion dv 1658 and 1040 two years
later in May 2006, HP began its campaign, "The Computer is Personal Again". The campaign
was designed to bring back the fact that the PC is a personal product. The campaign utilized viral
marketing, sophisticated visuals and its own website (www.hp.com/personal). Some of the ads
featured Pharrell, Petra Nemcova, Mark Burnett, Mark Cuban, Alicia Keys, Jay-Z, Gwen Stefani,
and Shaun White.[citation needed]

20062009[edit]

A sign marking the entrance to the HP corporate headquarters in Palo Alto, California, 2006
iPAQ 112 Pocket PC from 2008

On May 13, 2008, HP and Electronic Data Systems (EDS) announced[33] that they had signed a
definitive agreement under which HP would purchase EDS. On June 30, HP announced [34] that
the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 had expired.
"The transaction still requires EDS stockholder approval and regulatory clearance from the
European Commission and other non-U.S. jurisdictions and is subject to the satisfaction or
waiver of the other closing conditions specified in the merger agreement." The agreement was
finalized on August 26, 2008 at $13 billion, and it was publicly announced that EDS would be re-
branded "EDS a HP company." The first targeted layoff of 24,600 former EDS workers was
announced on September 15, 2008.[35] (The company's 2008 Annual Report gave the number as
24,700, to be completed by end of 2009.[36]) This round was factored into purchase price as a
$1.5 billion liability against goodwill. As of September 23, 2009, EDS is known as HP Enterprise
Services.

On November 11, 2009, 3Com and Hewlett-Packard announced that Hewlett-Packard would be
acquiring 3Com for $2.7 billion in cash.[37] The acquisition is one of the biggest in size among a
series of takeovers and acquisitions by technology giants to push their way to become one-stop
shops. Since the beginning of the financial crisis in 2007, tech giants have constantly felt the
pressure to expand beyond their current market niches. Dell purchased Perot Systems recently
to invade into the technology consulting business area previously dominated by IBM. Hewlett-
Packard's latest move marked its incursion into enterprise networking gear market dominated
by Cisco.
20102012[edit]

A Hewlett-Packard Mini 1000 netbook computer, a type of notebook computer

On April 28, 2010, Palm, Inc. and Hewlett-Packard announced that HP would buy Palm for
$1.2 billion in cash and debt.[38] Before this announcement, it was rumored that
either HTC, Dell, Research in Motion or HP would buy Palm. Adding Palm handsets to the HP
product line created some overlap with the iPAQ series of mobile devices but was thought to
significantly improve HP's mobile presence as iPAQdevices had not been selling well. Buying
Palm gave HP a library of valuable patents, as well as the mobile operating platform known
as webOS. On July 1, 2010, the acquisition of Palm was final. [39] The purchase of Palm's webOS
began a big gamble to build HP's own ecosystem.[40] On July 1, 2011, HP launched its first
tablet named HP TouchPad, bringing webOS to tablet devices. On September 2, 2010, HP won
its bidding war for 3PAR with a $33 a share offer ($2.07 billion) which Dell declined to match.
After HP's acquisition of Palm, it phased out the Compaq brand.

On August 6, 2010, CEO Mark Hurd resigned amid controversy and CFO Cathie Lesjak assumed
the role of interim CEO. Hurd had turned HP around and was widely regarded as one of Silicon
Valley's star CEOs, but was accused of sexual harassment against a colleague. Although the
allegations were deemed baseless, the investigation led to questions concerning between $1000
and $20000 of his private expenses and his lack of disclosure related to the friendship. [41][42] Some
observers have argued that Hurd was innocent, but the board asked for his resignation to
avoid negative PR.[43] Public analysis was divided between those who saw it as a commendable
tough action by HP in handling expenses irregularities, and those who saw it as an ill-advised,
hasty and expensive reaction, in ousting a remarkably capable leader who had turned the
business around.[41][42][44] Shares of HP dropped by 8.4% in after-hours trading, hitting a 52-week
low with $9 billion in market capitalization shaved off.[45] Larry Ellison publicly attacked HP's board
for his ousting.[46]

On September 30, 2010, Lo Apotheker was named as HP's new CEO and President.
[47]
Apotheker's appointment sparked a strong reaction from Oracle chief executive Larry Ellison,
[48]
who complained that Apotheker had been in charge of SAP when one of its subsidiaries was
systematically stealing software from Oracle. SAP accepted that its subsidiary, which has now
closed, illegally accessed Oracle intellectual property.[49] Following Hurd's departure, HP was
seen by the market as problematic, with margins falling and having failed to redirect and
establish itself in major new markets such as cloud and mobile services. [citation needed] Apotheker's
strategy was broadly to aim at disposing of hardware and moving into the more
profitable software services sector. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that it would strategically
exit the smartphone and tablet computer business, focusing on higher-margin "strategic priorities
of Cloud, solutions and software with an emphasis on enterprise, commercial and government
markets"[50] They also contemplated selling off their personal computer division or spinning it off
into a separate company,[51] quitting the 'PC' business, while continuing to sell servers and other
equipment to business customers, was a strategy already undertaken by IBM in 2005. [52]

HP's stock continued to drop, by about a further 40% (including 25% on one day, August 19,
2011), after the company abruptly announced a number of decisions: to discontinue its webOS
device business (mobile phones and tablet computers), the intent to sell its personal
computer division (at the time HP was the largest personal computer manufacturer in the world),
and to acquire British big data software firm Autonomy for a 79% premium, seen externally as an
"absurdly high" price[53] for a business with known concerns over its accounts.[54] Media analysts
described HP's actions as a "botched strategy shift" and a "chaotic" attempt to
rapidly reposition HP and enhance earnings that ultimately cost Apotheker his job. [53][55][56] The
Autonomy acquisition had been objected to even by HP's own CFO.[57][58]:36

On September 22, 2011, the HP Board of Directors fired Apotheker as chief executive, effective
immediately, and replaced him with fellow board member and former eBay chief Meg Whitman,
[59]
with Raymond J. Lane as executive chairman. Though Apotheker served barely ten months,
he received over $13 million in compensation.[60] HP lost more than $30 billion in market
capitalization during his tenure. Weeks later, HP announced that a review had concluded their
PC division was too integrated and critical to business operations, and the company reaffirmed
their commitment to the Personal Systems Group.[61] A year later in November 2012 wrote-
down almost $9 billion related to the Autonomy acquisition (see below: Takeover of Autonomy),
which became the subject of intense litigation as HP accused Autonomy's previous management
of fraudulently exaggerating Autonomy's financial position and called in law enforcement and
regulators in both countries, and Autonomy's previous management accused HP of
"textbook" obfuscation and finger pointing to protect HP's executives from criticism and conceal
HP culpability, their prior knowledge of Autonomy's financial position, and gross mismanagement
of Autonomy after acquisition.[58]:6

On March 21, 2012, HP said its printing and PC divisions would become one unit headed by
Todd Bradley from the PC division. Printing chief Vyomesh Joshi is leaving the company.[62]

On May 23, 2012, HP announced plans to lay off approximately 27,000 employees, after posting
a profit decline of 31% in the second quarter of 2012.[63] The profit decline is on account of the
growing popularity of smart phones, tablets, and other mobile devices, that has slowed the sale
of personal computers.[64]

On May 30, 2012, HP unveiled its first net zero energy data center. HP data center plans to use
solar energy and other renewable sources instead of traditional power grids. [65]

On July 10, 2012, HP's Server Monitoring Software was discovered to have a previously
unknown security vulnerability.[66] A security warning was given to customers about two
vulnerabilities, and a patch released.[67] One month later, HP's official site of training center was
hacked and defaced by a Pakistani hacker known to as 'Hitcher' to demonstrate a web
vulnerability.[68]

On September 10, 2012, HP revised their restructuring figures; they are now cutting 29,000 jobs.
HP had already cut 3,800 jobs around 7 percent of the revised 29,000 figure as of July 2012.
[69]
20132015[edit]
On December 31, 2013, HP revised the amount of jobs cut from 29,000 to 34,000 up to October
2014. The current amount of jobs cut until the end of 2013 was 24,600.[70][71][72] At the end of 2013
the company had 317,500 employees. On May 22, 2014 HP announced it would cut a further
11,000 to 16,000 jobs, in addition to the 34,000 announced in 2013. "We are gradually shaping
HP into a more nimble, lower-cost, more customer and partner-centric company that can
successfully compete across a rapidly changing IT landscape," CEO Meg Whitman said at the
time.[73]

In June 2014, during the HP Discover customer event in Las Vegas, Meg Whitman and Martin
Fink announced a project for a radically new computer architecture called The Machine. Based
on memristors and silicon photonics, The Machine is supposed to come in commercialization
before the end of the decade, meanwhile representing 75% of the research activity in HP Labs. [74]

On October 6, 2014, Hewlett-Packard announced it was planning to split into two separate
companies, separating its personal computer and printer businesses from its technology
services. The split, which was first reported by The Wall Street Journal and confirmed by other
media, would result in two publicly traded companies: Hewlett Packard Enterprise and HP
Inc. Meg Whitman would serve as chairman of HP Inc. and CEO of Hewlett Packard
Enterprise, Patricia Russo would be chairman of the enterprise business, and Dion
Weisler would be CEO of HP, Inc.[75][76][77]

On October 29, 2014, Hewlett-Packard announced their new Sprout personal computer.[78]

In May 2015, the company announced it would be selling its controlling 51 percent stake in
its Chinese data-networking business to Tsinghua Unigroup for a fee of at least $2.4 billion.[79]

On November 1, 2015, as previously announced, Hewlett-Packard legally ceased to exist and

split into two companies, HP Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise.[80] HP Inc. is the legal
successor of the old Hewlett-Packard; the split was structured so that Hewlett-Packard changed
its name to HP Inc. and spun off Hewlett Packard Enterprise as a new publicly traded company.
HP Inc. retains Hewlett-Packard's stock price history and its stock ticker symbol, HPQ, while
Hewlett Packard Enterprise trades under its own symbol, HPE.[81]

Facilities[edit]

The research center of Hewlett-Packard in the Paris-Saclay cluster, France.

HP's global operations are directed from its headquarters in Palo Alto, California, USA. Its U.S.
operations are directed from its facility in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, near Houston. Its
Latin America offices are in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida, U.S., near Miami; from
2012 to 2015 it also had offices in Medelln, Colombia.[82] Its Europe offices are in Meyrin,
Switzerland, near Geneva, but it has also a research center in the Paris-Saclay cluster, 20 km
south of Paris, France. Its Asia-Pacific offices are in Singapore.[83][84][85][86][85][87][88]

It also has large operations in Leixlip, Ireland;[89] Austin, Texas; Boise, Idaho; Corvallis,
Oregon; Fort Collins, Colorado; Roseville, California; Saint Petersburg, Florida; San Diego,
California; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Vancouver, Washington; and Plano, Texas (the former headquarters
of EDS, which HP acquired). In the UK, HP is based at a large site in Bracknell, Berkshire with
offices in various UK locations, including a landmark office tower in London, 88 Wood Street. Its
recent acquisition of 3Com will expand its employee base to Marlborough, Massachusetts.[90] The
company also has a large workforce and numerous offices at Bangalore, India, to address their
back end and IT operations. MphasiS, which is headquartered at Bangalore, also enabled HP to
increase their footprint in the city as it was a subsidiary of EDS which the company acquired.

Products and organizational structure[edit]

HP office in Japan

HP produces lines of printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, PDAs, servers, workstation
computers, and computers for home and small-business use; many of the computers came from
the 2002 merger with Compaq. HP as of 2001 promotes itself as supplying not just hardware and
software, but also a full range of services to design, implement, and support IT infrastructure.

HP's Imaging and Printing Group (IPG) was described by the company in 2005 as "the leading
imaging and printing systems provider in the world for printer hardware, printing supplies and
scanning devices, providing solutions across customer segments from individual consumers to
small and medium businesses to large enterprises".[91]

HP Presario F700 F767CL

iPAQ h4150 Pocket PC from 2003

Products and technology associated with IPG include:

Inkjet and LaserJet printers

consumables and related products

Officejet all-in-one multifunction printer/scanner/faxes

Designjet and Scitex Large Format Printers

Indigo Digital Press

HP Web Jetadmin printer management software

HP Output Management suite of software

LightScribe optical recording technology

HP Photosmart digital cameras and photo printers

HP SPaM

Snapfish by HP, a photo sharing and photo products service.

On December 23, 2008, HP released iPrint Photo for iPhone, a free downloadable software
application that allows the printing of 4" x 6" photos.[92]

HP's Personal Systems Group (PSG) claims to be "one of the leading vendors of personal
computers ("PCs") in the world based on unit volume shipped and annual revenue." [91] PSG deals
with:

business PCs and accessories

 consumer PCs and accessories, (e.g., HP Pavilion, Compaq Presario, VoodooPC)

handheld computing (e.g., iPAQ Pocket PC)

digital "connected" entertainment (e.g., HP MediaSmart TVs, HP MediaSmart Servers,

HP MediaVaults, DVD+RW drives)

HP resold the Apple iPod until November 2005.[91]

HP Enterprise Business (EB) incorporates HP Technology Services, Enterprise Services (an

amalgamation of the former EDS, and what was known as HP Services), HP Enterprise Security
Services oversees professional services such as network security, information security and
information assurance/ compliancy, HP Software Division, and Enterprise Servers, Storage and
Networking Group (ESSN). The Enterprise Servers, Storage and Networking Group (ESSN)
oversees "back end" products like storage and servers. HP Networking (former ProCurve) is
responsible for the NW family of products. They are a business unit of ESSN.

An HP camera with an SDIO interface, designed for use in conjunction with a Pocket PC

HP Software Division is the company's enterprise software unit. For years,[when?] HP has produced
and marketed its brand of enterprise-management software, HP OpenView. From September
2005 HP purchased several software companies as part of a publicized, deliberate strategy to
augment its software offerings for large business customers.[93] HP Software sells several
categories of software, including:

business service management software

application lifecycle management software

mobile apps

big data and analytics

service and portfolio management software

automation and orchestration software

enterprise security software

 ArcSight

Fortify Software

Atalla

TippingPoint

HP Software also provides software as a service (SaaS), cloud computing solutions, and
software services, including consulting, education, professional services, and support.

HP's Office of Strategy and Technology[94] has four main functions:

1. steering the company's $3.6 billion research and development investment

2. fostering the development of the company's global technical community

3. leading the company's strategy and corporate development efforts,[95]

4. performing worldwide corporate marketing activities

Under the Office of Strategy and Technology comes HP Labs, the research arm of HP. Founded
in 1966, HP Labs aims to deliver new technologies and to create business opportunities that go
beyond HP's current strategies. Examples of recent HP Labs technology includes the Memory
spot chip of 2006. HP IdeaLab further provides a web forum on early-state innovations to
encourage open feedback from consumers and the development community.[96]

HP also offers managed services by which they provide complete IT-support solutions for other
companies and organizations. Some examples of these include:

offering "Professional Support" and desktop "Premier Support" for Microsoft in

the EMEA marketplace. This is done from the Leixlip campus near Dublin, Sofia and Israel.
Support is offered on the line of Microsoft operation systems, Exchange, Sharepoint and
some office-applications.[97]

outsourced services for companies like Bank of Ireland, some UK banks, the U.S.
defense forces.

the computerisation project at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

Staff and culture[edit]

Further information: List of Hewlett-Packard executive leadership

The founders developed a management style that came to be known as "The HP Way." In
Hewlett's words, the HP Way is "a core ideology ... which includes a deep respect for the
individual, a dedication to affordable quality and reliability, a commitment to community
responsibility, and a view that the company exists to make technical contributions for the
advancement and welfare of humanity."[98] The following are the tenets of The HP Way:[99]

1. We have trust and respect for individuals.

 2. We focus on a high level of achievement and contribution.

3. We conduct our business with uncompromising integrity.

4. We achieve our common objectives through teamwork.

5. We encourage flexibility and innovation.

Notable people[edit]

Michael Capellas (Compaq CEO/Chairman HP President)[100]

Steve Wozniak[101]

Tom Perkins

Carly Fiorina, 2016 presidential candidate

Matt Shaheen, management consultant executive at HP Enterprise

Services in Plano, Texas; Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives

List of HP Chairmen and CEOs

John Schultz (HP Lawyer - Oracle Lawsuit)[102]

Corporate social responsibility[edit]

In July 2007, the company announced that it had met its target, set in 2004, to recycle one
billion pounds of electronics, toner and ink cartridges.[103] It set a new goal of recycling a further
two billion pounds of hardware by the end of 2010. In 2006, the company recovered 187 million
pounds of electronics, 73 percent more than its closest competitor.[104]

In 2008, HP released its supply chain emissions data an industry first.[105]

In September 2009, Newsweek ranked HP No. 1 on its 2009 Green Rankings of America's 500
largest corporations.[106] According to environmentalleader.com, "Hewlett-Packard earned its
number one position due to its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction programs, and was
the first major IT company to report GHG emissions associated with its supply chain, according
to the ranking. In addition, HP has made an effort to remove toxic substances from its products,
though Greenpeace has targeted the company for not doing better." [107]

HP took the top spot on Corporate Responsibility Magazine's 100 Best Corporate Citizens List
for 2010.[108] The list is cited by PR Week as one of America's most important business rankings.
HP beat out other Russell 1000 Index companies because of its leadership in seven categories
including environment, climate changes and corporate philanthropy. In 2009, HP was ranked
fifth.[109]

Fortune magazine named HP one of the World's Most Admired Companies in 2010, placing it No.
2 in the computer industry and No. 32 overall in its list of the top 50. This year in the computer
industry HP was ranked No. 1 in social responsibility, long-term investment, global
competitiveness, and use of corporate assets.[110]
In May 2011, HP released a Global Responsibility report covering accomplishments during 2010.
[111]
The report, the company's tenth, provides a comprehensive view of HP's global citizenship
programs, performance, and goals and describes how HP uses its technology, influence, and
expertise to make a positive impact on the world. The company's 2009 report won best corporate
responsibility report of the year.[112] The 2009 reports claims HP decreased its total energy use by
9 percent compared with 2008. HP recovered a total of 118,000 tonnes of electronic products
and supplies for recycling in 2009, including 61 million print cartridges. [113]

In an April 2010 San Francisco Chronicle article, HP was one of 12 companies commended for
"designing products to be safe from the start, following the principles of green chemistry." The
commendations came from Environment California, an environmental advocacy group, who
praised select companies in the Golden State and the Bay Area for their efforts to keep our
planet clean and green.[114]

In May 2010, HP was named one of the World's Most Ethical Companies by Ethisphere Institute.
This is the second year in a row HP has made the list. Ethisphere reviewed, researched and
analyzed thousands of nominations in more than 100 countries and 35 industries to create the
2010 list. HP was one of only 100 companies to earn the distinction of top winner and was the
only computer hardware vendor to be recognized. Ethisphere honors firms that promote ethical
business standards and practices by going beyond legal minimums, introducing innovative ideas
that benefit the public.[115]

HP is listed in Greenpeace's Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks electronics manufacturers

according to their policies on sustainability, energy and climate and green products. In November
2011, HP secured the 1st place (out of 15) in this ranking (climbing up 3 places) with an
increased score of 5.9 (up from 5.5). It scored most points on the new Sustainable Operations
criteria, having the best program for measuring and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases
from its suppliers and scoring maximum points for its thorough paper procurement policy.[116] In
the November 2012 report, HP was ranked second, with a score of 5.7. [117]

HP does especially well for its disclosure of externally verified greenhouse gas emissions and its
setting of targets for reducing them.[118][third-party source needed]However, Greenpeace reports that HP risks a
penalty point in future editions due to the fact that it is a member of trade associations that have
commented against energy efficiency standards.[116]

HP has earned recognition of its work in the area of data privacy and security.[119] In 2010 the
company ranked No. 4 in the Ponemon Institute's annual study of the most trusted companies for
privacy.[120] Since 2006, HP has worked directly with the U.S. Congress, the Federal Trade
Commission (FTC), and the Department of Commerce to establish a new strategy for federal
legislation.[121] HP played a key role in work toward the December 2010 FTC report "Protecting
Consumer Privacy in an Era of Rapid Change."[122]

After winning nine straight annual "Most Respected Company in China" awards from the
Economic Observer and Peking University, HP China has added the "10 Year Contribution"
award to its list of accolades. The award aims to identify companies doing business in China with
outstanding and sustained performance in business operations, development and corporate
social responsibility.[123]

In its 2012 rankings of consumer electronics companies on progress relating to conflict minerals,
the Enough Project rated HP second out of 24 companies, calling it a "Pioneer of progress". [124]

Brand[edit]
A Hewlett-Packard sponsored Porsche 997 GT3 Cup

The company sponsored the HP Pavilion at San Jose (now SAP Center at San Jose), home to
the NHL's San Jose Sharks.

According to a BusinessWeek Study, HP was the world's 11th most valuable brand as of 2009. [125]

HP has many sponsorships. One well known sponsorship is Mission: SPACE in Epcot at the Walt
Disney World Resort.[126] From 1995 to 1999, and again from 2013, HP has been the shirt sponsor
of[127] Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur F.C.[citation needed] From 1997 to 1999 they were
sponsors of Australian Football League club North Melbourne Football Club.[citation needed] They also
sponsored the BMW Williams Formula 1 team until 2005 (a sponsorship formerly held by
Compaq), and as of 2010 sponsor Renault F1.[citation needed]Hewlett-Packard also had the naming
rights arrangement for the HP Pavilion at San Jose, home of the San Jose Sharks NHL hockey
team until 2013, in which the arena's naming rights were acquired by SAP AG, renaming the
arena to the SAP Center at San Jose.[128] The company also maintains a number of corporate
sponsorships in the business sector, including sponsorships of trade organisations
including Fespa (print trade exhibitions), and O'Reilly Media's Velocity (web development)
conference.

After the acquisition of Compaq in 2002, HP has maintained the "Compaq Presario" brand on
low-end home desktops and laptops, the "HP Compaq" brand on business desktops and laptops,
and the "HP ProLiant" brand on Intel-architecture servers. (The "HP Pavilion" brand is used on
home entertainment laptops and all home desktops.)[129]

Tandem's "NonStop" servers are now branded as "HP Integrity NonStop". [130]

HP Discover customer event[edit]

In 2011, HP Enterprise Business, along with participating independent user groups, combined its
annual HP Software Universe, HP Technology Forum and HP Technology@Work into a single
event, HP Discover.[131] There are two HP Discover events annually, one for the Americas and one
for Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA). HP Discover 2011 Americas took place June 610,
in Las Vegas at the Venetian/Palazzo.[132] The company demonstrated the webOS TouchPad,
introduced July 1, 2011.[40][133]
The HP Discover 2011 event in EMEA took place in Vienna, Austria, on November 29 through
December 1, 2011.[134]

Controversies[edit]

Restatement[edit]
In March 2003, HP restated its first-quarter cash flow from operations, reducing it 18 percent
because of an accounting error. Actual cash flow from operations was $647 million, not $791
million as reported earlier. HP shifted $144 million to net cash used in investing activities. [135]

Spying scandal[edit]
Main article: Hewlett-Packard spying scandal

On September 5, 2006, Shawn Cabalfin and David O'Neil of Newsweek wrote that HP's general
counsel, at the behest of chairwoman Patricia Dunn, contracted a team of independent security
experts to investigate board members and several journalists in order to identify the source of an
information leak.[136] In turn, those security experts recruited private investigators who used a
spying technique known as pretexting.[137] The pretexting involved investigators impersonating HP
board members and nine journalists (including reporters for CNET, the New York Times and
the Wall Street Journal) in order to obtain their phone records. The information leaked related to
HP's long-term strategy and was published as part of a CNET article[138] in January 2006. Most
HP employees accused of criminal acts have since been acquitted.[139]

Hardware[edit]
In November 2007, Hewlett-Packard released a BIOS update covering a wide range of laptops
with the intent to speed up the computer fan as well as have it run constantly, whether the
computer was on or off.[140] The reason was to prevent the overheating of defective NVIDIA
graphics processing units (GPUs) that had been shipped to many of the original equipment
manufacturers, including Hewlett-Packard, Dell, and Apple.[141] The defect concerned the new
packaging material used by NVIDIA from 2007 onwards in joining the graphics chip onto the
motherboard, which did not perform well under thermal cycling and was prone to develop stress
cracks effectively severing the connection between the GPU and the motherboard, leading to a
blank screen.[142] In July 2008, HP issued an extension to the initial one-year warranty to replace
the motherboards of selected models.[143] However this option was not extended to all models with
the defective NVIDIA chipsets despite research showing that these computers were also affected
by the fault.[144] Furthermore, the replacement of the motherboard was a temporary fix, since the
fault was inherent in all units of the affected models from the point of manufacture, including the
replacement motherboards offered by HP as a free 'repair'. [145][146] Since this point, several
websites have been documenting the issue, most notably www.hplies.com, [147] a forum dedicated
to what they refer to as Hewlett-Packard's "multi-million dollar cover up" of the issue, and
www.nvidiadefect.com, which details the specifics of the fault and offers advice to the owners of
affected computers. There have been several small-claims lawsuits filed in several states, as well
as suits filed in other countries. Hewlett-Packard also faced a class-action lawsuit in 2009 over its
i7 processor computers. The complainants stated that their systems locked up within 30 minutes
of powering on, consistently. Even after being replaced with newer i7 systems, the lockups
continued.[148]
Lawsuit against Oracle[edit]
On June 15, 2011, HP filed a lawsuit in California Superior Court in Santa Clara, claiming
that Oracle Corporation had breached an agreement to support the Itanium microprocessor used
in HP's high-end enterprise servers.[149] On June 15, 2011, HP sent a "formal legal demand" letter
to Oracle in an attempt to force the world's No. 3 software maker to reverse its decision to
discontinue software development on Intel Itanium microprocessor [150] and build its own servers.
[102]
HP won the lawsuit in 2012, requiring Oracle to continue to produce software compatible with
the Itanium processor.[151] HP was awarded $3 billion in damages against Oracle on June 30,
2016.[102][152] HP argued Oracle's canceling support damaged HP Itanium server brand. Oracle has
announced it will appeal both the decision and damages.

Takeover of Autonomy[edit]
See also: Autonomy Corporation Hewlett Packard

In November 2012, HP recorded a writedown of around $8.8 billion related to its acquisition a
year earlier of the UK based Autonomy Corporation PLC. HP accused Autonomy of deliberately
inflating the value of the company prior to its takeover. The former management team of
Autonomy flatly rejected the charge.

Autonomy specialized in analysis of large scale unstructured "big data", and by 2010 was the
UK's largest and most successful[55] software business. It maintained an
aggressively entrepreneurial marketing approach, and controls described as a "rod of iron",
which was said to include zero tolerance and firing the weakest 5% of its sales force each
quarter, while cosetting the best sales staff "like rock stars".[57]

At the time, HP had fired its previous CEO for expenses irregularities a year before, and
appointed Lo Apotheker as CEO and President. HP was seen as problematic by the market,
with margins falling and having failed to redirect and establish itself in major new markets such
as cloud and mobile services. Apotheker's strategy was to aim at disposing of hardware and
moving into the more profitable software services sector.

As part of this strategy, Autonomy was acquired by HP in October 2011. HP paid $10.3 billion for
87.3% of the shares, valuing Autonomy at around $11.7 billion (7.4 billion) overall, a premium of
around 79% over market price. The deal was widely criticized as "absurdly high", a "botched
strategy shift" and a "chaotic" attempt to rapidly reposition HP and enhance earnings,[53][55][56] and
had been objected to even by HP's own CFO.[57][58]:36 Within a year, Apotheker himself had been
fired, major culture clashes became apparent and HP had written off $8.8 billion of Autonomy's
value.[57]

HP claim this resulted from "accounting improprieties, misrepresentations and disclosure

failures" by the previous management, who in turn accuse HP of a "textbook example
of defensive stalling"[58]:6 to conceal evidence of its own prior knowledge and
gross mismanagement and undermining of the company, noting public awareness since 2009 of
its financial reporting issues[58]:3 and that even HP's CFO disagreed with the price paid.[57][58]:3
6
External observers generally state that only a small part of the write-off appears to be due to
accounting mis-statements, and that HP had overpaid for businesses previously.[57][153]

The Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom), and the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission joined the FBI in investigating the potential anomalies. HP incurred much damage
with its stock falling to decades' low.[154][155][156] Three lawsuits were brought by shareholders against
HP, for the fall in value of HP shares. In August 2014 a United States district court judge threw
 out a proposed settlement, which Autonomy's previous management had argued would
be collusive and intended to divert scrutiny of HP's own responsibility and knowledge, by
essentially engaging the plaintiff's attorneys from the existing cases and redirecting them against
the previous Autonomy vendors and management, for a fee of up to $48 million, with plaintiffs
agreeing to end any claims against HP's management and similarly redirect those claims against
the previous Autonomy vendors and management. [157][158] In January 2015 the SFO closed its
investigation as the likelihood of a successful prosecution was low.[159] The dispute is still being
litigated in the US, and is being investigated by the UK and Ireland Financial Reporting Council.
On June 9, 2015, HP agreed to pay $100 million to investors who bought HP shares between
August 19, 2011, and November 20, 2012 to settle the suite over Autonomy purchase. [160]

Israeli settlements[edit]
On October 25, 2012, Richard Falk, the Human Rights Councils Special Rapporteur on the
situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, called for boycotting
HP together with other "businesses that are profiting from Israeli settlements on occupied
Palestinian lands until they brought their operations in line with international human rights and
humanitarian law".[161][162] In 2014, the Presbyterian Church voted to move forward with divestment
from HP "in protest of Israeli policies toward Palestinians". [163] In 2015, the City of Portland's
Human Rights Commission requested to place Caterpillar, G4S, Hewlett-Packard, and Motorola
Solutions on the Citys Do Not Buy list.[164]

Bribery[edit]
On April 9, 2014, an administrative proceeding before Securities and Exchange Commission was
settled by HP consenting to an order acknowledging that HP had violated the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act (FCPA) when HP subsidiaries in Russia, Poland, and Mexico made improper
payments to government officials to obtain or retain lucrative public contracts. [165]

The SEC's order finds that HP's subsidiary in Russia paid more than $2 million through agents
and various shell companies to a Russian government official to retain a multimillion-dollar
contract with the federal prosecutor's office. In Poland, HP's subsidiary provided gifts and cash
bribes worth more than $600,000 to a Polish government official to obtain contracts with the
national police agency. And as part of its bid to win a software sale to Mexico's state-owned
petroleum company, HP's subsidiary in Mexico paid more than $1 million in inflated commissions
to a consultant with close ties to company officials, and money was funneled to one of those
officials. HP agreed to pay $108 million to settle the SEC charges and a parallel criminal case. [166]
[167][168]

See also[edit]

San Francisco Bay Area portal

Companies portal

Information technology portal

ArcSight
 Fortify

HP calculators

HP Linux Imaging and Printing

HP Software & Solutions

HP User Group

List of acquisitions by Hewlett-Packard

List of computer system manufacturers

List of Hewlett-Packard products

Shortest Path Bridging

TippingPoint

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