fvdk,a g%ma ( ;j;a udkj frda cd;sjd ckm;sfhla

uydpdh fviauka u,a,sldr

weuldf m,slka iy fudal%la keue;s OfkaYajr mCI ckdm;s wfmaCIlhska fofokd jQ

fvdk,a g%ma iy ys, la,skagka 2016 fkdjen 8fjks k mej;Kq ckdm;sjrKhg ;r`. jeKq
w;r thska u;fNad;aul jQjo lemS fmfkk chla g%ma ,efuka wk;=rej miq.sh 20fjks k Tyq
ckdm;s f,i re fokq ,eh' tfy;a weuldkq jHjia:djg wkqj Tyq Oj, ukarhg we;=`:fkqfha
uE; ld,fha b;du;au wm%shckl ckdm;sjrhd jkqfha ckdm;s jQ ckjd 20fjks k isg f ,shk
fudfyd; olajd m%oYKh lrk ,o Tyqf.a nd,, wmKs;, fnd<|,zkyhg fkdyk Z ys;jlaldr yeisu
ksidh '

Tyq fldf lsisfjl=g fyd|la lSf l,d;=rlsks' fyd|la lsf k ta ;u | m, iy orejka

.ek muKs' ys, .ek tl fyd|la jqjo lSf fofokd w;r uqyqKg uqyqK jdofha pd;%hla yehg
ffOh imkak .eyeKshla ^ courageous woman&zz ' fuh yereKqfldg Tyq ys,j weuldkq
ck;djg yekajQfha wm%ikak krl .eyeKshla ^nasty woman& ' tfiau Tyq ish ue;sjrK jHmdrfha
fmdf ia;%Skag wmydi lf<ah ' ,CI 2l muK ia%;Ska g%mag frdaaj weuldkq k.r mqrd fm<md,s
meje;ajQf g%maf.a f ia;S frdaOho fy,doelSu msKsih '

fvdk,a g%ma 1946 jif Wm; ,enq w;r msh Wreufhka ysjqK jHmdr ;j rg;a jOkh lrka f
jkg weuldkq fvd, ,shka 4l fm!oa.,sl j;alula we;s weuldf muKla fkdj foaYshkays
^kh & jHmdr we;s jhi 70l muK iq weuldkfqjls ' Tyq f;jrlau jdy jQfjla jk w;r iEu
jdyhlskau orejka we;'

g%ma hkq Woaoplf m%;suq;shhs ' Tyqf.a l:dj yeisu Tyqf.a Ydrl NdIdj ysg.kakd wdldrh
b|.kakd wdldrh ^m<uqjrg Tndud yuqf Tyq wdik .;j is whqre& ' Tyqf.a uqyqKq NdIdj wdfhka
fuh meye,sj fmfka' fuhg ;j;a WdyrKhla k %s;dkH w.ue;s f;fid f yuqjq wjia:df weh
g%mag ziag g%ma z f,i .re;ajhlska wu;k g g%ama wehj weu;=f ksluu zf;fidz hkqfjks '
g%maf.a Wpd;auudkhg (superiority complex) fuhg jvd idOlhla wjYH fkdf'

zzfudav ckdm;s ------znks iekavia

g%ma iy Tyqf.a ck;d frda llre mSvl m%fldam;s jHdmdl iy ms,sg WmfoaYl uKav,h
weuldj m<uqj keue;s cd;s iy cd;sljd igka mdGhla yehgu fkdf th fYaIfhka 2001 iema 11
weuldf fj<| ixlSK m%ydrhla iu`. Wm;a ,nd jir 15la mqrd meijka fudaojQ weuldkq kj
cd;sjdofha foaYmd,k bm;a lsuhs ke;fyd;a ld,dka;rhla mqrd weuldkq cd;sjdkaf.a Njdx.
;a;fha ;ekam;aj ;snq ufkdaNdjhl foaYmd,ksl W;a lIKhhs g%ma Tyqf.;a Tyqf.a Okm;s mx;sfha;a
idudkH weuldkqjdf.a;a ie`.j ;snq zweuldj m<uqj z ^America First& hkak f.khdug fyd|u
ue;sjrK h 2016 nj l,ah,a n,d k th ck;dj w;rg f.k hdyels m%n,u udOH foaYmd,kh nj
f;are f.k th ;u foaYmd,k igka mdGh lr.kq ,eh'

kuq;a g%ma f.a ch.%yKfhka miq .;jQ k 10 ;=< weuldj m<uqj ksIaGdj iy weuldj kej;
fYa%IG;ajhg m;alsf g%maf.a wIaGdkh ksid isjQfha weuldj ;j rg;a f.da,sh kdhl;ajhg
imhk rgla f,i jHdcj fyda ;ndf.k ;snq wdvnrh h weuldj iuia: f,dalfhau .eryqug
md;%uh' f.da,Sh moaO;sfhka msg weuldj ;ksfhka jecTSf wNs,dIfha m%;smdl g%ma m%uL
Okm;s mx;sh oekgu;a `ka is;s' ;j bhg ;j wnqo we;sjk nj ksielh' g%maf.a
mmd,k k oyh ;=< zweuldjz f.%az lsug Tyq W;aidy.kqfha f,dal hqoaOhlg w;jksks'
fudl%la ckdm;s wfmalaIl nks iekavia iska g%maf.aa zi;shlz weuldj l<ukdlrKh .ek
miq.sh 27 fjksk l< m%ldYh fufiah ' wfma rg wo Yd, .eg`:j,g uqyqK foka is- wmg bkafka
fudav ckdm;sfhla - tfy;a iekavia fuhg k y;rlg l,ska zfudav ckdm;sz g%ma iska mdr
Ydka;slr fj<`o .siqu ^Trans-pacific partnership) wfydaislsu w.h lf<ah ' ienE iudcjd foaYmd,k
oYkhla ke;s OfkaYajr oamdlaIsl foaYmd,kfha fo ,laIKh fuhhs' flfiajqjo iekavia g%ma
.ek l< by; ;lafiarej k ksjer nj fkak k Tmamqf'

g%maf.a wd.uk ;yx ksfhda.h

g%ma f.a ;j;a Odhl Odkhla jqfha Tyq f;dard.;a uqia,s rgj,a 7 l mqrjeishkg weuldjg mesKsu
;yk lsuhs tu uqia,s rgj,a k ( ishdj, brdlh, brdkh ,,shdj, iqvdkh , fidaud,shdj iy
fhaukhhs tfiau Tyq ;j;a uqia,s rgj,a rgj,a lsysmh;a muKla ;yxfhka ksoyia lf<ah --- tajd
k tfia rdcHh, ;=lsh, Bma;=j, ijQ wdrdh , iy vqndhs hk rgj,ah --- fya;=j fuu rgj,a
iu`. g%ma ziakiaz lsuhs -- ;=lsfha bia;dkanq,aj, g%ma l=~:Kq we; -- vqndhs j, g%maf.a fydag,a
we;--

g%ma mmd,kh fuh fya;= hqla; lf<a ;yx md;% rgj,a 7la ;%ia;jdohg iankaO hk lreKq bhg
ouks ' g%ma ksfhda.h mkfuka miq lSf oeka isg uqia,s ;%ia;jdkag weuldj jefykjd '
;%ia;jdka wmg kE keye' fuh ys`: m%ldYhla fjkqfha weuldj ;r ;%ia;jdoh uqdye fjk;a
rgla fojk f,dal hqoaOfhka miq fkdue;s fyhsks-g%maf.a fuu ys`: ;lh ksYam%Nd jkqfha weuldf
2001 ixlSKh kdY lrkq ,enQf weuldkq mqrjeishka lsysm fofkl= i g%ma ;yk l< rgj,
uqia,s cd;slhka fkdf ' g%ma wd.uk ;yxh mekjQ uqia,a rgj,a 7ys tl mqrjeisfhl= iska fyda tla
weuldkqfjl= 1975 isg 2015 ld,h ;=< tk jir 40lg >d;kh fldg ke; ' tfy;a g%mag iy
Tyqf.a uqia,s frda udkisl;ajhg wjYHjkqfha fj<| ixlsK j,g m%ydrh lf<a weuldkq
mqrjeishka o keoao hkak fkdj TjQkaf.a cd;shhs- Tjqqkaf.a wd.uhs '

g%ma f.a ue;sjrK jHdmdrfha Tyqf.a uqia,s frda wdl,amh oevd f,I biau;=jqjo iy Tyq iska
uqia,s rgj,a 7 i|yd meKjQ wd.uk ;yxfhka Tyq uqia,s frdafhl= yehg ;jrg;a yxjvq .eyqko
iy th tfia o jqjo Tyq f.a jHdmdl w{dkh k uqia,s frda fkdjk nj weuldj ;yk
fkdlrk ,o uqia,s rgj,a foi n,kl, meye,s f '

rgj,a mfya mqrjeishka iska i|yka l, ld,h ;=< weuldkQjka 3000la muK >d;kh fldg ;sK
fj<| ixlSK >d;khg inkaO jQfha weuldjg tau i|yd g%ma ;yk fkdl, uqia,s rgj,a 5gh
' g%maf.a f meye,sj fmfkk z Wkka;d .euz a (conflict of interests) iy fjk;a wroYS
wfydaisls iy {d;s ix.%yhka i,ld nefjd;a Tyqg tfrysj fodaIdNsfhda.hla jqjo f.k wd yels nj
fuu f,aLlhdf.a woyihs '

by; uqia,s rgj,a 7 mqrjeishkag weuldjg we;=,a u ;yk l<o g%maf.a jHdmdr ;sfnk rgj,g
f ;yx lsisjla ke;' fya;=j tu rgj,aj, g%maf.a oejeka; iakia cd,hka ;uhs ' ifha
zfldmeKs 8la g%ma ,shdmx lf<a ckdm;s kdu fhdackd ka 2015 wf.daia;= j, ;r uE;h '
flfiak Tjqkg ;yx mekh yelso@ Tyqf.a m%pdrK /iaul Tyq ih ms<sn|j .ek m%Yxid;aul
we.hSulao lr;sK ' TjQka ^ihka & uf.ka ksfjia .kakjd- Tjqka fvd-,shk 40la 50la ho
lrkjd- Tjqka fufia lrk fldg uu fldfyduo Tjqkag wlue;s fjkafka@- uu Tjqkag y leu;shs'

lre ie<iq l<d fyda 9$11 m%ydrfha msgqmi ysfha ika jk ;;ajh ;=< g%ma ih wd.uk
jdrKfhka fyda ;yxfhka ksoyia lsu fudk;r l=yl lulao@' brdlfha iod yqfiakaj fndre ye;=
ujd >d;kh fldg ;ukag .e;s rElv rchla we;sfldg oeka weuldj brdlhskag weuldj ;yk
lsug ;r l=re h yelso@ 'ka meye,sjkqfha g%ma ;SrK .kQfha jHdmdr wruqK j,g idfmaCIj
njh Tyqg ;%ia;jd uqia,sjre fjkqfha Tyqf.a jHdmdrhka ke;s rgj, uqia,s cd;slhkah ' tfy;a g%ma
g wkqj Bma;=j i wdrdh vqndhs tufia wd rdcHhka uqia,s fkdf ' tajdfha uqia,s cd;slhka
ke;- fudl%la mlaI ckdm;s wfmalaIl nks iekavia miq.sh oskl g%maj zfudav ckdm;sz ^delu
tional president) f,i ye`kaug oyil=;a fya;= w;r fuho m%Odk fjkakg we; '

;=lsfha bia;dka nq,aj, g%ma l=`:Kq folla oekgu;a ;sfhkjd ' ;j folla yokak g%ma .siq w;aika
fldg yudrhs ' wd.uk ;yxfhka ;=lsh ksoyia lf<a f ksidh ' vqndhs j, f.da,a*a msgks folla
g%ma i;=j we;'

ixl%uksl llrejkg (immigrant workers) tfrys g%ma

g%maf.a ;j;a w{dk iy ;%ia;jd ksfhda.hla jqfha ks, wdjrKhla fkdue;s ish`: fokd weuldfjka
msgux hhq;=h hkakh ' fuu ksfhda.fha mokuo Tyqf.a iy Tyq jgd isk Okm;s jHdmdl mx;sfha
cd;sjd ufkdaNdjhka iy jHdmdl wruqKq iy ksIaGdjkah ' tuksid g%maf.a fuu ;SrKho uqia,s-
wd.uk jdrK ksfhda.fhka fjkiajQ tlla fkdf ' fuh we;a;gu ixl%uKsl Y%uOd;hkag tfrys hqO
m%ldYhls- zf;dms m,hz- zf f;dfma rg fkdf ' zf;dms wmrdO ldrhska rxpqjls-zz g%ma n,hg m;au
i`oyd cd;sjd ukila ke;s tfy;a nvla muKla we;sj is idudkH weuldkq ck;dj cd;sjd I
fmdjka ckao ,nd.;af;a fuh wjOdrKh lrks ' tfy;a fuu ixl%uKsl Y%lhska iska ydmq;=ka
fok zhdka; ;h .eg.y.; yelsz jegqmla ,nka y-yuka ; wdrlaIK jevms<sfj,la fyda
fkdue;sj le<sf*dakshd m%ka;fhka muKla fvd, <shk 150 la weuldf o< foaYSh ksIamdokhg
tl;=lrkjd ' weuldf m%dka; 50 la ;sfhkjd ' odhla;ajh fln` o@ ' weuldf o< foaYSh
ksIamdokhg ixl%uKslhska lrk odhl;ajh g%mag fkdf;arefka wehs@ ' fkdf;arefka ksIamdok Y%uh
ixl%uKsl Y%uh ms<sn`o lreKla fkdj wdlh ms<sn`o lreKlah hkak Tyq f;are fkd.ekSuo h
yelsh ' iuyrg Tyq th fyd`og f;are f.k ksfhda.hg w;aika l<do h yelssh ' Tyqf.a wfkla
ksfhda. iu`. n,k l, i;Hh fojekakhs'

fu.d jHdmdl ckdm;s g%ma iska ixl%uKsl Y%lhska rka msgux lsug .;a ;SrKhg g%maf.a
ugf fkdjk weuldkq Okm;s jHmdlhska wlue;sh ' fya;=j ixl%l Y%uh iqrdlEug Tjqkag
nersjk fyhsks -- fuh Okm;s mx;sh ;=<u wnqohla oekgu;a ksudKh lr we; ' weuldkq
.Dy$foaYSh wdlh oekg;a /flkqfha wvq jegqmg Y%uh l+Kk fulaisldkq , ,;ska weuldkq ,
hqfrdamSh iy wdishdkq ixl%uKsl Y%u n,ldh ksidh ' zkS;s.rel weuldj z ks;s frdaj <shk
.Kkska fudjqkaj rg ;=< ;nd.;af;au fudjqkaf.a Y%uh l=Kq fld,a,hg iqrdlEug i fudjqkag we;s
wdorh fyda udkj ohdj ksid fkdf' fuu Y%lhskaf.ka ysiajk Y%u Od;dj weuldkqjkaf.ka mqrjk
njg g%ma fmdfrdka fokqfha ;udf.a jHmdr fjkqfjka n uqo,a f.u meyer ye ;u jHdmdrj,
fiajfha fhfok ^iq& weursldkq llrejkaf.a Y%uh zfidpz jegqmg iqrdlE iy oekg;a iQrdlk
ckdm;s g%mah ' yoj;l=hs T`:jl=hs folu ke;s fjk;a kEu tfll=g l< yelsfoa g%ma l< hq;=o@'
ke; ' tfy;a th g%ma lrhsk@ ta g%mah ' nks iekaviaf.a jpkfhka zfudav ckdm;shz--

Tndud oafIh iy Tndud jevms<sfj, m%;slafIamh

1 g%ma ish ue;sjrK jHdmdrh wdrN lf<au Tndudg fm!oa.,sl ugka myr t,a, lrkqhs'
g%ma f.a cd;sjd w{dkh Tyqg ie`.ug nersu lemSfmkqfka Tndudg weuldkq ckauhla ke;s
njg fndrejla me;sru ;=<skqhs ' ckdam;s fuka miq g%ma iska Tndud jir 8 la ;=< %%s,shk
.Kkska ck;d n uqo,a ho lrka wdrN lrk ,o ish`:u jDmD;Ska tl i;shlska tl mEka
myrlska wfydais lsug;r ieyeis h ' wroYS h ' my; oelafjkqfha g%ma iska idOdrK
fya;=jla fyda fkd lKmsg yerfuka isjk :,mdl .ek lsisu ;elSula fyda fkdfldg g%ma
iska f jkg z.s,khg hejQ Tndud m%;sm;a;s iy fhdackd (

1 Tndud fi!LH wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;s ud,dj

2 .=jkagkfuda isrl`ojqr jeiSug Tndud .;a ;SrKh
3 mrsir IKh wjulsu msKsi ck;dj oekqj;a lsf Tndudf.a fj wvh
4 oekg mQisoaO fldg ke;s Tndud iska .kq ,enQ ;SrK ish,a,u jyd wfydais lsu
5 Tndud ck;djg ka ksjdi W.ia jdl iykh lmamd lsrSu
Tndudf.a m%;sm;a;s ksjerhehs fyda tajd iudcjdhehs fyda wm fkdi<lu ' fya;=j oamdlaIsl
weuldkq ^fyda fjk;a TkEu rgl& OfkYajr foaYmd,kf m,slka fudl%la m%;sreoaOhka
fkdjk fyhsks tfy;a tfll=f.a m%;sm;a;s ms<sn`oj B<`. mom%dma;slhd bjiSfuka yodrd ;SrK .;
hq;af;a ;SrK iy ksfhda. ksiqka fjkqfjka .kq ,nk ;ska jk ksidh ' jir 4 la bhg ;sh
kskafoka weys fuka jyd lvdjeo tl mEka myka lgq.d oeu uq.aO foaYmd,khls ' ^nks
iekavia zg%ma fudav ckdm;sfhlazz hehs lSu ksjer fjkqfha fufyhsks&' g%f.a f yeisfuka
lemSfmfkkqfha g%maf.a ovnrlu , wroYSlu iy fkdbjiSu muKla fkdf- bka tljru
fmfkkqfha weuldkq Okm;s mx;sh fudk;r m%;sm;a;s warnqohl .s,S weoao hkakhs '
g%maf.a iy weuldkq OfkaYajrfha z;dmam zms<shuz
weuldj iy fulaisfldaj fjkalsug ;dmamhla blsu g%ma f.a ckao fmdfrdkajls ' Okm;s
fudl%la mlaIhgo fuu wjYH;djh ;sK '2006 zwdrlaIl f,a, mK;gz ^Security Fence Act&
mlaI foflau iydh ,e ;sK ' g%ma f lrkafka ;dmamh ne`u lk lsuhs ' ksiqka
ksiqkaf.ka fjkal<jqkau ksiqkaj kej; tlalrkjd fjkqjg ;j ;j;a ;dmam jegj,a iy
uqrfmd blrka ksiqka kasiqkaf.ka fjkalsuhs fujka ;dmam 64 la f,da jgd we; '
fulaisflda ;dmamh m<uq tl iy wjidk tlo fkdf' ngysr kefkysr cuka fjka l< n,ska
^miqj `ooeuQ& , bxhdkq-mlsia;dkq , .did-BYardh, , W;=re-ol=Kq fldhd wd ;dmam
WodyrKhkah '
g%ma fulaisflda ;dmamfha wjYH;djh ;yjqre lf<a fulaislkajre wmrdOldrhska # l=vq= cdjdr
ldrhska # ffjYHdjka jYfhka klrks ' weuldkqjka idka;=jrka lrks ' f ;dmamh
weuldkq Okm;s md,lhskaf.a zfudgz fukau ovnrlu fmkajk fyd`o WodyrKhls ' ;dmamfha
. lssf,da gr 2200 ls' Wiska w 12ls ' f .ska YS% ,xldf uqyq ;Srh jgfldg ;dmam folla
yeh yelsh ' ksiqka kaiqkaf.ka fjka lsug ck;d nuqo,ska fjkafjk uqo, we fvd g%Ss,shk 5la
hehs .Kka n,d we; ' g%ma ta hou oeug n, lrkqfha fulaisfldajgh ' g%ma f.a wuklu iy
IaGlu k ta uq,H nrmeK oeug fulaisfldaj wlue;s jqjfyd;a wmkhk n jefldg ;dmamhg
hk hou lmd.kakd nj ;rfha lshd isuh ' fuh oaY m%;sm;a;shla fkdj ;%ia;jdohhs' ux
mdyrkakkaf.a iy fidaud,shdkq uqyq fld,a,ldrhaksf.a lu%hhs' fulaisfldaj weuldkq NdKav
wdkhkh lrk 3fjks m%Odk rg jk fulaisfldajg fufia ie,lSu frE mrsK; Okjdohl
,laIKhla fkdf ' idOdrKh iy kh .ek i,lkjd k g%ma l<hq;af;a ;dmam .eiSu fkdj
fulaisfldaka fld,a, lE Nh kej; fulaisfldajg mjrd uh ' th g%mag isyshg takafkaj;a ke;
--- fuu ;dmamh iqrelSug 10000 l yuqodjla fhug ie<iq lr we; ' fuh weuldj yuqodlrKh
lsuls -- oekgu;a g%ma fulaisfldaj ;ry lrf.k wjidkh ' ^f jkg g%ma ;rylrf.k we;s
fjk;a rgj,a brdkh , kh , W;=re fldhdj , cuksh , ;yx oeuQ uqia,s rgj,a 7 , ia;%Ska
iy udOHho ta w;r f& ' g%ma ;dmamh blf<a fulaishdkq weuld fN!;sl iSudf muKla
fkdf ' ckdm;s i;shla we;=<; Tyq fokq ,enQ ish Odkhlau cd;Ska fjka lrk ;dmamhkah
'
ld,a udlaia zfldamld mqrjeishka z ms<sn`o igykl fldamld;ajfha m%ldr folla yq`kdf.k
;sK ' tk zzidOdrKh fjkqfjka kef.k m%{djka; udkjjd fldamh ^m%xY iy reishdkq
ma,j,ska fldamh& wksl oafIfhka W;af;ackh jk uq.aO fldamhzz ' weuldfjkau m<uqjekakg
WodyrKhla fo;fyd;a ta udka ;lsx jk w;r fojekakg WodyrKhla fo;fyd;a ta g%mauh '
g%ma ish k 10l UQr ld,h ;=< w;aika l< ksfhda. ish,a, f;are .; hq;sf;a fjku f.kj fkdj
tl wruqKla lrd rg f.khka ;ukq;a hk tl JdmD;shla f,ih ' fuh weuldkq Okm;s mx;sh iska
ld,hla mqrd ie<iq lrk ,oaols ' g%ma tys jdylhd muKs ' Okm;s mx;s jdykfha hrd muKs '
tfy;a rdcHmd,khg wjYH l<ukdlrK yelshdj Tyq ;=< ke; ' fya;=j Tyq ;=< ;u fm!oa.,sl
zjHdmdr khdhm;%hlao we;s neks ' ld,a udlaia fldhqksia m%ldYkfha fufia wjOdrKh lr ;sK
'zz kQ;k rdcHfha Odhlh hkq iuia: Okm;smx;sh iska tys fmd lghq;= l<uKslrkh lr u i`oyd
m;alr.;a lgqjhs zz' tfia jqjo Okm;s mok foforka lvd jefgk ;a;ajh ;=< Okm;s md,lhskaf.a
l<uKdlrkh uq.aO, ovnrld , wroYS tlala Au je<elah fkdyelsh 'fuhg i wodyrKh
g%mah- f;fjks f,dal hqoaOhl wNshig iuia: f,dalhu f.kf.dia w;yeu g%ma w;ska isu je
wE;l fkdf'