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GMAT MATH
GMAT Club 2011 3

Percent Percent 2
1 3
What is the percent formula? What is the formula for percent change?
If Jack got a raise from $15 per hour to $18

per hour, what was the percent increase?
How much is 15 percent of 20?
GMAT Club contributing to each others learning MATH: ARITHMETIC GMAT Club contributing to each others learning MATH: ARITHMETIC
Percent | Answers Percent 2 | Answers

2 4
Percent Formula: Percent Change Formula:

Part = Percent x Whole
100%

For example, 15% of 20 is:
15 300 Jacks Raise:
20 = =3
100 100 18 15 3 100
100% = 100% = = 20%
15 15 5
! Make sure you use the original amount (15), not
the new one (18)
GMAT Club 2011 4

Percent 3 Percent 4
5 7
If the production of hybrid cars tripled last year, by

how many percent did it increase?
100%
200% 50% of 25 is 25% of which number?

250%
300%
333%
Percent 3 | Answers Percent 4 | Answers

6 8
The correct answer is B increased by 200% There are 2 solutions to this problem:
For example, if production was 10 cars, and it Long one:
tripled to 30 cars, the increase was 20 cars, which 50% of 25 is 12.5
is 200% of 10 12.5 *100 = x * 25
x = 50
Short one but a harder to come up with:

50% * 25 = x * 25%
50 = x
GMAT Club 2011 5

Odd/Even Rules Odd/Even Rules 2
9 11
Check your knowledge of Odd/Even rules

Odd + Odd = ?
Odd Even = ?
Even + Odd = ? Is 0 odd or even?

Odd x Odd = ?
Odd Even = ?
Odd x Even = ?
Hint: try picking numbers
Odd/Even Rules | Answers Odd/Even Rules 2 | Answers

10 12
Odd + Odd = 1+ 1 = 2 (Even)

Odd Even = 3 2 = 1 (Odd)
Even + Odd = 2 + 1 = 3 (Odd)
Odd x Odd = 3 x 3 = 9 (Odd) 0 (zero) is Even
Odd Even = 3 2 = 1.5 (Not an integer!)
It is also not positive or negative
Odd x Even = 3 x 2 = 6 (Even)
it is neutral
GMAT Club 2011 6

Odd/Even Rules 3 Odd/Even Rules 4 (Ultra Hard)
13 15
If b is an odd number, which of the following Is A+B+C even or odd?

must be even?
A. 2 3 A C B is even
;1 ;
B.
2 is odd

C. 1
2
D. 2 + 2
E. 2 + 2
Odd/Even Rules 3 | Answers Odd/Even Rules 4 | Answers

14 16
Use the plug numbers method to check each Statements (1) and (2) combined are insufficient.
answer choice. Lets take 1: Consider A=6, B=4, and C=2 (the answer is "yes")
A. 2*1 3 = -1 (Odd) and A=0.5, B=0.3, and C=0.2 (the answer is "no").
1;1
B. = 0 (Even) however, just in case, lets try 3. Do not assume that the numbers are integers if
2
3;1 the question does not mention it.
= 1 (Odd). It usually is a good idea to run
2
through 2 different numbers if you get zero or similar The correct answer is E.
1 1
C. 1 = (not an intenger)
2 2
D. 1 + 2 = 3 (Odd)
E. 2 + 2 = 4 (Even)
GMAT Club 2011 7

Divisibility Rules Divisibility 2 (Hard)
17 19
Is 54780 divisible by 2? Is integer 2 4 divisible by 9?

Is 1671 divisible by 3? x is an integer divisible by 3
Is 5632 divisible by 4? xy is an integer divisible by 9
Is 3830 divisible by 5?
Divisibility Rules | Answers Divisibility 2 | Answers

18 20
Yes. Divisibility by 2 last digit of a number is even The best way to approach this question is to plug
Yes. Divisibility by 3 sum of all digits is a multiple in several sets of numbers
of 3 Many are tempted to plug 3 for x and then for S2,
Yes. Divisibility by 4 last 2 digits is a multiple of 4 the only value y can have is 3; in that case, the
Yes. Divisibility by 5 the last digit is either 0 or 5 answer is Yes.
1
Yes. Divisibility by 6 the sum of digits is a multiple But if we try x=81 and y=9, then x is an integer
of 3 and the last digit is even divisible by 3, xy is an integer divisible by 9, but
Yes. Divisibility by 9 the sum of digits is a multiple 2 4 = 1 and is not divisible by 9.
of 9 The answer is E
GMAT Club 2011 8

Number Properties Number Properties 2 (Hard)
21 23
Which of the following integers represents a sum If 2 = + 5, = 2, =

of 3 consecutive even integers?
2, 3 + 2 + 7?
200
303
x>0
400 y=4
554
570
Number Properties | Answers Number Properties 2 | Answers

22 24
To answer the question, check which integer is Substitute x, y, and z in the original equation to get the
both divisible by 3 (since there are 3 integers) and following: 2 2 3 = 0; The solutions to this
equation are x=-1 and x=3.
is even. The only number that falls into both of
Statement 1 is sufficient. If x>0, then the only solution
those 2 categories is 570. is x=3. The result is 27+16+6 =49, which is divisible by
Correct answer is E 7
Statement 2 is sufficient. If y=4, plugging in this value
into 2 = + 5, gives us that x=3 or x=-3. However,
based on the above, x=3 or x=-1. Therefore x=3.
Sufficient.
The correct answer is D.
GMAT Club 2011 9

Number Properties 3 Multiples
25 27
How many distinct integers are What is a multiple?

there between 1 and 21 inclusive?
Is 5 a multiple of 55 or is 55 a
multiple of 5?
Number Properties 3 | Answers Multiples | Answers

26 28
Most often GMAT questions will say inclusive but The multiple of a number is the
sometimes they dont need to remember to
check product of the number and any
The formula for calculating the number of integers other whole number. (For example,
between two numbers is: N-M+1
Therefore, the answer is: 21 1 + 1 = 21 2,4,6,8 are multiples of 2)
You can also write out all of the numbers though it Therefore 55 is a multiple of 5
is not always possible but just in case:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, For example, 6 has factors 1, 2, 3, 6;
18, 19, 20, 21 and multiples that are 6, 12, 24, 36
GMAT Club 2011 10

Multiples 2 Multiples 3
29 31
Is 0 (zero) a multiple of 100? How to find a Least Common

Multiple (LCM)?
Multiples 2 | Answers Multiples 3 | Answers

30 32
Option 1:
Step 1: Find the prime factors of each of the numbers
Yes, 0 (zero) is a multiple of
Step 2: Multiply the unique factors (exclude

everything duplicates)
However, it is unlikely that GMAT Option 2:
Step 1: Multiply the two numbers
will test this property but it helps to Step 2: Find any factors the two numbers share
remember Step 3: Divide the product in Step 1 by the factors
that the two numbers have in common
GMAT Club 2011 11

Multiples 4 Translate
33 35
The product of three and four is reduced by

What is the Least Common five and then increased by the difference
between the original product and eight = ?
Multiple of 18 and 24?
Multiples 2 Answers Translate Answers

34 36
Option 1
Find the factors of 18 and 24: 3 x 4 = 12
18 = 3 x 3 x 2
12 5 = 7
24 = 3 x 2 x 2 x 2
Multiply the unique factors: 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 72
12 8 = 4
Option 2 7 + 4 = 11
Multiply the 2 numbers: 18 x 24 = 432 Answer: 11
Shared factors: 2 and 3
Divide 432 by 2 and 3 = 72
GMAT Club 2011 12

Arithmetic to Memorize Arithmetic to Memorize 2
37 39
1 1
= =
2 12
1 7
= =
8
4 3
2 =
= 4
5
1
75% =
= 20% =
20
1 2
= 16 % =
8 3
1 1
83 % =
= 3
6
Arithmetic to Memorize | Answers Arithmetic to Memorize 2 | Answers

38 40
1 1
= 50% = 8.33%
2 12
1 7
= 25% = 87.5%
8
4 3
2 = 75%
= 40% 4
5
1
75% =
= 5% 1
20 20% =
5
1 2 1
= 12.5% 16 % =
8 3 6
1 1 5
= 16.67% 83 % =
6 3 6
GMAT Club 2011 13

Arithmetic to Memorize 3 Arithmetic to Memorize 4
41 43
2
2 = 32 =
3
2 = 33 =
24 = 34 =
25 = 35 =
26 = 42 =
27 = 43 =
44 =
Arithmetic to Memorize 3 | Answers Arithmetic to Memorize 4 | Answers

42 44
2
2 =4 32 = 9
3
2 =8 33 = 27

4
2 = 16 34 = 81
25 = 32 35 = 243
26 = 64 42 = 16
27 = 128 43 = 64
44 = 256
GMAT Club 2011 14

Arithmetic to Memorize 5 Arithmetic to Memorize 6
45 47
5
2 =
5
3 = Complete the following:
112 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 160
122 =
132 = 12, 24, 36. 120
142 =
152 = 15, 30 150
162 =
Arithmetic to Memorize 5 | Answers Arithmetic to Memorize 6 | Answers

46 48
5
2 = 25
5
3 = 125 Complete the following (Answers):

2
11 = 121 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104,
122 = 144 112, 120
132 = 169
142 = 196 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120
152 = 225
162 = 256 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120
GMAT Club 2011 15

Arithmetic to Memorize 7 Reciprocal
49 51
2=
3=
625 =
169 = What is a reciprocal?
List all Primes between 1 and 50
Extra Hard & Extra Credit
6
2 =
3
125 =
5
243 =
Arithmetic to Memorize 7 | Answers Reciprocal Answers

50 52
2 = 1.4 1
Reciprocal for a number , denoted by or
3 = 1.7 ;1 , is a number which when multiplied by
625 = 25
yields 1. The reciprocal of a fraction is .
169 = 13 1
Primes: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, For example reciprocal of 3 is 3
47 5 6
6
Reciprocal of 6 is 5.
2 = 64
3
125 = 5
5
243 = 3
GMAT Club 2011 16

Absolute Value Absolute Value 2
53 55
What is the 3- step approach to solving If |x-1| = 4, what is the value of

equations and inequalities with absolute x?
value?
Absolute Value | Answers Absolute Value 2 | Answers

54 56
Step1: Open modulus and set conditions. Step 1: Find positive/negative roots:
To solve/open a modulus, you need to 1 0 in our case, 1 = 4
consider 2 situations to find all roots: 1 < 0 in our case, 1 = 4
Positive(or rather non-negative) Step 2: Solve the equations
x =5
Negative
x = -3
Step 2: Solve new equations from Step 1
Step 3: Check conditions ( 1 0 & 1 < 0)
Step 3: Check conditions for each
5 1=40
solution from Step 2 -3 1 = -4 < 0
GMAT Club 2011 17

Absolute Value 3 Absolute Value 4
57 59
Is M<0?
= ||
2
What is the value of x If |x 5| = 10? =9
Absolute Value 3 | Answers Absolute Value 4 | Answers

58 60
|x 5| = 10 Statement (1) by itself is not sufficient. From

We must evaluate both the positive and negative statement (1), M is either a negative number or
outcome since the absolute value removes the zero. If M=-3, then (-3)=|-3| or 3=3, which is not
negative sign sufficient.
Thus, we have 2 equations: Statement (2) by itself is not sufficient. From
X 5 = 10
statement (2), M can be either 3 or -3, which is not
sufficient.
X 5 = - 10 (in case it was a negative expression)
Thus x = 15 and -5. (Plug in both to check) Statements (1) and (2) combined are sufficient. If
we combine both statements, then M=-3.
Absolute value inequalities and equations will almost
always have 2 answers/solutions! The correct answer is C.
GMAT Club 2011 18

Factors Factors 2
61 63
How many total factors does 462 Do integers usually have an odd or
have? even number of factors?
Factors | Answers Factors 2 | Answers

62 64
Advanced method for finding the number of all possible Vast majority of integers have an even number of
factors:
factors such as 12 for example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12.
Write out each prime factor and their power, for
example, 12 can be written as follows: Thus when finding the total number of factors,
22
make sure it is an even number
31 The only integers that have an odd number of
50 etc (all other primes will have a zero power) factors are perfect squares (thats numbers such as
Add 1 to all powers and multiply them: (in this case 6) 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, etc). Try 25 for example, it has
and thats the number of factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12)
1 1 1 1
factors of 1, 5, and 25. Factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4,
Prime Factors of 462 = 2 , 3 , 7 , 11
4
6, 9, 12, 18, 36.
Total number of factors: 2x2x2x2 = 2 = 16
GMAT Club 2011 19

Ratios Powers
65 67
What is the ratio of a to d if

1
2a=3b, =2c, and 3c=d? 22 + 23 + 24 + 2 = ?
2 A) 29 + 2
B) 210
A)1:2 B)2:1 C)2:3 D)4:3 E)1:5 C) 25 + 2
D) 25
E) 30
Ratios Powers | Answers

66 68
With questions like these, unless you can spot a

shortcut right away, the easiest way to solve is to
plug numbers: lets pick a=6, since there is a 2 and
3 involved 22 + 23 + 24 + 2 = ?
2*6 = 3b; b = 4 There are no rules for adding or
0.5*4 = 2c; c = 1 subtracting powers. This question is

3*1 = d; d = 3 solved by brute force:
Therefore, the ration of a to d is 2:1 4 + 8 + 16 + 2 = 30
The correct answer is B. The correct answer is (E)
GMAT Club 2011 20

Powers 2 Powers 3
69 71
22 23 24 25 2 = ?
A) 2120 24 28
=?
B) 3215 26 2
C) 215
D) 214
E) 62
Powers 2 | Answers Powers 3 | Answers

70 72
2 3 4 5 15
2 2 2 2 2= 2
When powers with the same base (2 24 28 212
6 = = 25
in this case) are multiplied, the powers 2 2 27
are summed and the base is held Division of powers with the same base
constant. Thus, it is 2 to the power of (2) is handled similarly to multiplication
2+3+4+5+1=15. except the power values are deducted.
The base stays unchanged
The correct answer is (C) 215
GMAT Club 2011 21

Powers 4 Powers 5
73 75
(33 )2 = ?
3
33 = ?

74 76
(33 )2 = 36
3
When a number taken to a power is 33 = 327
taken to another power, you need to Start operations from outside and work your way
in: 3 taken to the power of 3 is 27. Thus the base of
multiply the exponents (2 * 3) 3 is taken to the power of 27.
GMAT Club 2011 22

Powers 6 Powers 7
77 79
2;2 2;3 26 2;4 =?

50 = ?

78 80
2;2 2;3 26 2;4 = 2;3 =

1
=
1
50 = 1
23 8
Any number (positive or
Negative powers turn a number to a
reciprocal number taken to that power. negative) taken to the power of 0
1
For example 2;2 = 2 =
1 (zero) equal to 1.
2 4
Not tested on the GMAT, zero to
the power of zero is also 1.
GMAT Club 2011 23

Powers 8 Powers 9 (Ultra Hard)
81 83
If m and n are positive integers, is the remainder of

10 : 10 :
3
larger than the remainder of 3
?
1
m>n
4 =?

2
The remainder of is 2
3

82 84
Statement (1) by itself is insufficient. In expression

10 + , the sum of digits of 10 is always 1 and it is
10 :
the value of n that determines the remainder of
3
1 . If you plug in m=2, n=1 (the answer is "yes") and m=3,
4 = 4=2
2 n=2 (the answer is "no").
Statement (2) by itself is sufficient. If the remainder of

Fraction powers are interpreted as 3
is 2, as S2 states, then is 2, 5, or 8 and the sum of the
10 :
follows: the denominator is the root and digits of 3 is divisible by 3. Therefore, the
10 :
numerator is the power. For example remainder of 3 is 0, which cannot be larger that
2 1 10 :
3 2 the remainder of no matter what m is.
3 = 3 3 or 2 = 2 2 The correct answer is B.
3
GMAT Club 2011 24

Percentiles ConsecutiveNumbers
85 87
Lenasfirsttestscorewasatthe80th percentilein
aclassof120students.Onanothertest,24outof Whatisthesumofconsecutiveintegers
200studentsscoredbetterthanLena.Ifnobody
hadLenasscore,whatisLenaspercentileafter 9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,1,2?
thetwotests?
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Percentiles|Answers ConsecutiveNumbers|Answers
86 88
Takeeachtestresultseparately: Sumofconsecutiveintegersequalsthemean
Test1:120x80th=96(shescoredbetterthan96 multipliedbythenumberofterms,n.Given
students) consecutiveintegers9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,1,2
Test2:Shescoredbetterthan176students(200 24) 3.5 (meanequalstothe
Sumuptheresults: averageofthefirstandlastterms),sothesum
96+176=272 equalsto 3.5 12 42 .
120+200=320
85th percentile
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GMAT Club 2011 25

Evenly Spaced Set Recurring Decimal
89 91
What is the sum of all members of Express 0.393939 in a fraction format

the set 9,12,15,18,21,24 ?
Evenly Spaced Set | Answers Recurring Decimal | Answers

90 92
The sum of elements of evenly spaced set is given To convert a recurring decimal to fraction:
by the formula 1. Separate the recurring number from the decimal
1 :
fraction
Sum = 2. Annex denominator with "9" as many times as the
2
9:24
length of the recurring number
Therefore, 6 = 99 3. Reduce the fraction to its lowest terms
2
Example #1: Convert 0.3939 to a fraction

1: The recurring number is 39
39
2: - the number is 2 digits so two nines are added
99
13
3: Reducing it to lowest terms:
33
GMAT Club 2011 26

Fractions (Extra Hard)
93
If a, b, and c are positive distinct

( )

integers, is an integer?

c=2
a=b+c
GMAT Club contributing to each others learning MATH: ARITHMETIC
Fractions | Answers
94
Statement I is insufficient since it does not provide

enough information about b or c

( )

Statement II: We can rewrite as

: 1 1
Now plug in the value for a from S2:
=+
since b and c are disticnt positive integers and b is
not equal to c, the expression cannot be an integer
The correct answer is B
GMAT Club 2011 27

Algebra(Hard)
1
Ifeachexpressionunderthesquarerootisgreater
thanorequalto0,whatis 6 9
2 3?
2
2 6 2
2 3
2 6 2
2
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:ALGEBRA
Algebra|Answers
2
Basedonthesetup(andMathprinciplestestedon
theGMAT), 2 hastobe 0.Therefore
2.
6 9 3 3
Because 2, 3 0
Therefore:3 2 3 2
ThecorrectanswerisA
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GMAT Club 2011 28

Average Average2
1 3
Iftheaverageof5consecutiveintegersis Theaverageof11co nsecutiveintegersis12.

12,whatistheaverageoftheevenonly Then,9isdeductedfromthefirstconsecutive
integers? number,8isdeductedfromthesecond,7is
deductedfromthethird,andsoonuntilthe
10
lastnumberwhichremainsunchanged.What
12
isthenewaverage?
13.5
18
A)55 B)50 C)6 D)7.5 E)8.7
36
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Average|Answers Average2|Answers
2 4
First,findtheconsecutiveintegers.Since Youdontneedtofindeachofthenumbers.
thereare5,theremaybeeither2or3even Instead,youhavetwooptions,youcandeductthe
integers.Theseintegersare10,11,12,13,14. averageofnumbersbetween0and9(thereisa
Theaverageoftheevenintegersis12aswell trapthough,thereshouldbe10numbersrather
than9andtheaverageis4.5,not5)oryoucan
(10+12+14=36.Divide36by3andyouwill
findthesumofconsecutiveintegers(11*12=132)
get12). andsubtractthesumofintegersfrom0to9(45)
ThecorrectanswerisB. anddividetheresult(87) by 10.
ThecorrectanswerisE.8.7
GMAT Club 2011 29

Mean Median
5 7
HowtofindtheMean?
HowtofindtheMedian?
Mean Median|Answers
6 8
Arrangeallnumbersinanorder
ArithmeticMean=Average= fromthesmallesttothelargest.The
Median willbethemiddlenumber.
number of elements Ifthereisanevennumberof
elements,theMedian willbethe
averageofthe2middlenumbers
GMAT Club 2011 30

Mode Range
9 11
Howtofindthemode? HowtofindtheRange?
Mode|Answers Range|Answers
10 12
TheModeofanarrayisthenumberthat Rangeisthedifferencebetweenthe
appearsmostoften.Forexample,inan smallestandlargestelementsofan
array1,2,3,3,4 theMode is3.It array.Ifyouhavetofindmorethanjust
appearedtwice.Inthearray1,2,3,3,4,4 range,itisalwaysagoodideatorewrite
theMode is3and4(therecanbemore theelementsinancreasingorder
thanonemode).
GMAT Club 2011 31

StandardDeviation StandardDeviation2
13 15
Whichofthesetshasahigherstandarddeviation?
SetA SetB
HowtofindtheStandard

Deviation?
StandardDeviation|Answers StandardDeviation2|Answers
14 16
YouwonthavetocalculateSDontheGMATbut SetAhasthehigherStandardDeviationbecause
youneedtounderstandtheconceptofSD theelementsaredistributedfurtherfromthe
StandardDeviationmeasureshowspreadoutthe mean
membersofthearrayare.TofindtheStandard
Deviation:
Findthemean
Findthedifferencebetweeneachnumberandthe
mean
Squareeachofthedifferences
Findtheaverageofthesquareddifferences
Takeasquarerootoftheaverage
GMAT Club 2011 32

StandardDeviation3 StandardDeviation4
17 19
Whatisthefastestwaytoestimatestandard WhatistheStandardDeviationofaset
deviation(withoutcalculatingit)?
ofconsecutiveevenintegers?
(1)Thereare39elementsintheset.
Thereisaset{67,32,76,35,101,45,24,37}.Ifwe
createanewsetthatconsistsofallelementsof
(2)themeanofthesetis382
theinitialsetbutdecreasedby17%,whatisthe
changeinstandarddeviation?
StandardDeviation3|Answers StandardDeviation4|Answers
18 20
Wedon'tneedtocalculateasdecreaseinall BeforereadingDataSufficiencystatements,whatcan
elementsofasetbyaconstantpercentagewill wesayaboutthequestion?Whatshouldweknowto
decreasethestandarddeviationofthesetbythe findstandarddeviation?"consecutiveevenintegers"
samepercentage(theaverageisdecreasedby17% meansthatallelementsstrictlyrelatedtoeachother.
aswellasthedifferencebetweenaverage(mean) Ifweshiftthesetbyaddingorsubtractinganyinteger,
itdoesnotchangethestandarddeviation.Onething
andallelementsortheirsquares.Thusthe
weshouldknowisthenumberofelementsintheset,
decreaseinstandarddeviationis17%.
becausethemoreelementswehavethebroaderthey
Youcanalwaystrytomodelasetof3numbers aredistributedrelativetothemean.Now,lookatDS
P.S.the17%hasbeenverifiedinExcel statements,allweneeditisjustfirststatement.So,A
issufficient.
GMAT Club 2011 33

StandardDeviation5
21
SetAconsistsof19integerswithmean4and
standarddeviationof3.IfanewsetBisformedby
adding2moreelementstothesetA,whattwo
elementswilldecreasethestandarddeviationthe
most?
A)9and3
B)3and3
C)6and1
D)4and5
E)5and5
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:STATISTICS
StandardDeviation5|Answers
22
Solution:Theclosertothemean,thesmaller
thestandarddeviation,andtherefore,the
greaterthedecreaseinstandarddeviation.D
has4(equaltothemean)and5(differsfrom
meanonlyby1).
Allotheroptionshaveagreaterdeviation
fromthemean
Answer:D
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:STATISTICS
GMAT Club 2011 34

CompoundInterest Mixtures
1 3
If$20,000isinvestedat12%annual 14litersofapplejuiceismixedwithcranberry
interest,compoundedquarterly,whatis juice.Iftheresultingmixcontains65%of
thebalanceafter1year? cranberryjuice,howmanylitersofthemix
wereproduced?
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CompoundInterest|Answers Mixtures|Answers
2 4
CompoundInterestformula: Mixtureproblemsrequireattentiontodetailsto

boththeinformationgivenandthequestion.
1
Weknowthatthe14litersofapplejuiceis35%
whereC isthenumberofperiods (100%65%)ofthenewmixture.
. ConstructanX:
20,000 1 20,000 1.03
14liters35%
1.03tothe4th poweris1.1255 Xliters100%
Times20,000,thats$22,510
40 liters
(asopposedto22,400forsimpleinterest)
GMAT Club 2011 35

WorkProblems WorkProblems2
5 7
Robertworkingalonecanunloadatruck
Whatistheformulaforawork in8hours.Doug,ontheotherhand,can
problem? unloadthesametruckin6hours.Ifboth
arehiredtogether,howmuchtimewillit
takeRobertandDougtounloadthe
truckworkingtogether?
WorkProblems|Answers WorkProblems2|Answers
6 8
Thekeytosolvingtheworkproblems,issettingthe UsingtheWorkformula:
equationcorrectly.Theworkformulaisbasedonthe
principleofworkrates(inverseofthetimeitwould
taketocompletethejob).Theratealmostalwayswill
be
, ,

Formula:SumoftheRatesofWorkers=thecombined C= 3.4hours(approximately)
rate
;whereWistimerequiredbyworkers1
and2tocompletethejobandCisthetimerequired
forbothworkersworkingtogether(Combined)
GMAT Club 2011 36

GroupProblems GroupProblems2
9 11
Outof90conferenceattendees,50registered Theofficeof120issplitbetweenmaleandfemale
forthebasicworkshopand60signedupfor employeesattheratioof3:5.If40%ofthe
theadvancedworkshop.If20attendeeshave employeesaremarriedand20ofthemarried
notsignedupforaworkshopyet,howmany employeesintheofficearemen,howmanyofthe
womenworkingintheofficearesingle?
signedupforbothadvancedandbasic
workshops?
GroupProblems|Answers GroupProblems2|Answers
10 12
Thebestandeasiestapproachtosolvingthistype Toanswerthisquestionthefastest,wecanputthis
ofproblemsisusingtheboth/neitherformula tabletogether:
(alternativeoptionisaVenndiagram).
Group1+Group2+Neither Both=Total Male Female Total
Married 20 X 48
50+60+20 Both=90
Single 75 X 72
130 Both=90 Total 45 75 120
Both=40
Thekeyistomemorizetheformulaandone Thus20+X=48;X=28.Wecandotherestofthe
samplequestionsoyoucanpluginnumberson mathandfillouttheentiretabletomakesureyour
thetest calculationsarecorrect

Volume/MixtureProblems(Hard) CountingProblems(UltraHard)
13 15
Ifafarmersells15ofhischickens,hisstockoffeedwill Inagameofchess,themovesofwhitesandblacks
lastfor4moredaysthanplanned,butifhebuys20 alternatewithwhiteshavingthefirstmove.During
morechickens,hewillrunoutoffeed3daysearlier
thanplanned.Ifnochickensaresoldorbought,the achesstournament,whiteshavemade2319
farmerwillbeexactlyonschedule.Howmanychickens movesaltogetherwhileblackshavemade2315
doesthefarmerhave? moves.Ifinanygamethesidethatmadethelast
12 movedidnotlose,whichofthefollowingcanbe
24 trueaboutthetournament?
48
I.Blackslost5games
55
II.Blackswonmoregamesthanwhites
60
III.Allgamesendedinadraw
Volume/MixtureProblems|Answers CountingProblems|Answers
14 16
Veryhardproblem.Severalsolutionsexist;thisone Fromthestemitfollowsthattherewereonly4gamesin
isprobablynotthemostcorrectbutthequickest: whichwhiteshadthelastmove.These4gameswere
responsibleforthedifferenceinthetotalnumberofmoves
LetXbethenumberofchickensandYbethedays madebywhitesandblacksduringthetournament.We
theycansurviveonthecurrentfeed: knowthatthese4gameswerenotwonbyblacks(butthey
couldwellhaveendedinadraw).Alltheothergames
(x15)(y+4)=(x+20)(y3) couldhavebeenwonbyblacksorendedinadraw.Thus,
4 15 60 3 20 60 scenariosIIandIIIarepossible.
ScenarioIisimpossible.Itmeansthattherewereatleast5
4 15 20 3 gamesinwhichwhiteshadthelastmove.Ifthisweretrue
7 35 5 thenthedifferencebetweenthetotalnumberofmovesof
whitesandblacksshouldbeatleast5.Infact,it'sonly4.
Solvingthefirstequation,wegetx=60andy=12
GMAT Club 2011 38

Distance(UltraHard) Percent
17 19
Aswimmermakesaroundtripupanddownthe Ifapricewasincreasedbyx%andthen
riverwhichtakesherXhours.Ifthenextdayshe decreasedbyy%,isthenewpricehigherthan
swimsthesamedistancewiththesamespeedin theoriginal?
stillwater,whichtakesherYhours,whichofthe
x>y
followingstatementsistrue?
x=1.2y
X>Y
X<Y
X=Y
Distance|Answers Percent|Answers
18 20
Picknumbersandthencheckthemagainstthe LetPdenotetheoriginalprice.
Statement(1)byitselfisinsufficient.Ifxismuchlarger
options.Take12kmasthedistancetraveled thany,thenewpriceishigherthantheoriginal.Butifxis
up/downtheriver,andassumetheswimmer's onlymarginallylarger,thenewpriceislower.Forexample,
speedtobe4km/h;thecurrentbeing2km/h, ifx=20andy=19,thenewpriceisP*1.2*0.81=0.97P<P.
Statement(2)byitselfisinsufficient.Usethesame
whichmeans6km/hdowntheriverand2km/h reasoning.Ifyislarge,thenewpriceissmall(ify=100,the
uptheriver.Goinguprivertakes2hours,return newpriceis0).Ifyissmall,thenewpriceishigherthan
journeytakes6,thusatotalof8hours.Instill theoriginal(ifx=12andy=10,thenewpriceisP*1.12*0.9=
P*1.008>P).
water,24kmrequires6hours.ThusX=8andY=6. Statements(1)and(2)combinedareinsufficient.Adding
Plugtheseintotheanswerchoices.(8>6). S1toS2providesnonewinformation.
ThecorrectanswerisE.
ThecorrectanswerisA
GMAT Club 2011 39

Rate
21
Acertainbacteriacolonydoublesinsizeeveryday
for20days,atwhichpointitreachesthelimitofits
habitatandcannolongergrow.Iftwobacteria
coloniesstartgrowingsimultaneously,howmany
dayswillittakethemtoreachthehabitatslimit?
6.33
7.5
10
15
19
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:WORDPROBLEMS
Rate|Answers
22
Weknowthatthebacteriacolonydoublesinsize
everydayfor20days.Thereforeonthesecondday
itisdoublethesizeofthefirstday,andsoon.
Similarly,onthe20th day,itisat100%ofcapacity,
therefore,onthe19th day,itwillbeat50%.Since
wehave2colonies,bothwillbeoccupyinghalfof
thehabitatbythe19th day.Alternatively:
1colony= 2 ;2colonies= 2
ThecorrectanswerisE.19days.
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:WORDPROBLEMS
GMAT Club 2011 40

Triangles Triangles 2
1 3
Sum of angles of ANY triangle equals ?

What can we say about sides of a triangle? List all methods for finding an area
What is the right triangle? of a triangle.
GMAT Club contributing to each others learning MATH: GEOMETRY GMAT Club contributing to each others learning MATH: GEOMETRY
Triangles | Answers Triangles 2 | Answers

2 4
Sum of all angles in any triangle is always 180

1
One side is always smaller than the sum of the 1. Area =
2
other two and is always greater than the difference
2. Heros formula: ( )( )( )
of the other two
where a,b,c are sides of a triangle and s is semi-
A right triangle is the one that has a 90 degree ::
perimeter =
angle (it has the right angle). A triangle can only 2
have one angle at 90 egrees since sum of the 3 3. If you know 2 sides of a triangle but not its height,
angles is 180 you can add an equally sized triangle to create a
square/rectangle/rhombus and find its area (may be
easier). Remember to divide your result by 2.
GMAT Club 2011 41

Triangles 3 Triangles 4
5 7
These are 2 sides of a right triangle, find the third

side:
3, 4, x
What is the relationship between sides in
6, 8, x
5, 12, x
a right isosceles triangle?
12, 16, x What is the relationship between
7, 24, x angles?
Triangles 3 | Answers Triangles 4 | Answers

6 8
GMAT relies on these easy triangles. If you A right isosceles triangle will have angles that are
memorize these combinations, it will save you time 90, 45, 45 degrees
on the Geometry section It will have sides that are x, x, and the hypotenuse
3, 4, 5 of 2
6, 8, 10
5, 12, 13
12, 16, 20
7, 24, 25
GMAT Club 2011 42

Triangles5 Triangles6
9 11
Whatcanyouderivefromthisfigure?
(Misthecenterofacircle)
B
Nameasmanyproperties,
relationships,andformulasyou
knowaboutandequilateraltriangle A M C
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:GEOMETRY GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:GEOMETRY
Triangles5|Answers Triangles6|Answers
10 12
Allsidesareequal ACisthediameterofacircle
Allanglesareequal whereRisradius
Area= wherea isasideofatriangle AM=MC=MB
AngleABCisarightangle
Aheightis=
Ifoneofthesidesonaninscribedtriangleisthe
Foragivenarea,anequilateraltrianglehasthe circlesdiameter,thenthisisarighttriangle
smallestperimeter itisthemostefficient regardlessofthepositionofpointB
triangle
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:GEOMETRY GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:GEOMETRY

Triangles 7 Triangles 8 (Ultra Hard)
13 15
Is the area of the triangle ABC less than 1?

ABC < 90 degrees
What is the value of sides in a Perimeter of triangle ABC is greater than

4
30-60-90 triangle?
Triangles 7 | Answers Triangles 8 | Answers

14 16
1 1 1
In 30-60-90 triangle, the sides are x, x 3, The area of the triangle ABC is 2
+ 2 =
and the hypotenuse is 2x (double the Statement (1) by itself is sufficient. In the extreme case
when Angle ABC is right, the triangle BOC is isosceles
size of the smallest side) 1
and thus 2 = and the area of the triangle ABC is a =
1. If angle ABC is smaller than 90 degrees, then the
area exceeds 1 due to the increase of the height 2 .
Statement (2) by itself is insufficient. As long as a>0,
the perimeter of the triangle ABC is always greater
4
than

The correct answer is A.
GMAT Club 2011 44

Circles Circles 2
17 19
Please define the following:

Center - ?
Area of a circle = ?
Radius - ?
Length of a circle = ?
Diameter - ?
Circumference - ? = ?
Area - ?
Chord - ?
Tangent - ?
Secant - ?
Circles | Answers Circles 2 | Answers

18 20
Center A point inside the circle. All points on the

circle are equidistant from the center
Radius distance between the center and any point on Area of a circle = 2
the circle. It is half the diameter
Diameter a chord passing through the center Length of a circle = 2
Circumference distance around the circle 22
Area a region enclosed by the circle = 3.14 3

7
Chord a line segment linking any two points on a
circle
Tangent line touching the circle at one point only;
tangent lines are always at 90 degrees to the radius
Secant a line that intersects a circle in 2 points
GMAT Club 2011 45

Coordinate Geometry Coordinate Geometry 2
21 23
What is the equation of the If a line has a negative slope less

slope of a line? than 1 what does it say about the
line?
Coordinate Geometry | Answers Coordinate Geometry 2 | Answers

22 24
Negative slope means line moves from the upper

Slope of a line equation: left hand quarant (Q2) to the bottom right hand
quadrant (Q4) or in simple terms, it is a decreasing
line. Positive slope means the opposite (duh)
2 1
= Since the slope is less than 1, it is a flat line (as
2 1 opposed to steep). Since slope is rise over run, in
this case, there is less rise than run
Where x and y are coordinates of
point 1and point 2 on that line.
GMAT Club 2011 46

Coordinate Geometry 3 Coordinate Geometry 4
25 27
What slopes do Lines A, B, and C have?

Positive/Negative?
Less/Greater than 1? A
How to find the X and Y intercepts
of a line?
B
Coordinate Geometry 3 | Answers Coordinate Geometry 4 | Answers

26 28
Line A Best option is to plug in the values into the

Positive Slope equation of the line
Slope greater than 1 For example, a line is y = mx + b
Line B To find the Y intercept (this is when the line crosses
Slope is neither the Y axis and thus X is zero) solve: y = b
positive or negative To find X intercept (this is when the line crosses the
Slope is Zero X axis and Y is zero) solve: 0 = mx + b
Line C The trick is to use Y = 0 when looking for X
Slope is undefined intercept and X = 0 when looking for Y intercept
GMAT Club 2011 47

29 31
5
If line M with a slope of 9 goes through points A(-5, Find the equation of a line passing
-2) and B(4, 3), what is the length of the segment through the points A (5,4) and B (2,3)
AB?

30 32
The slope information in this A (5,4) and B (6,3)

irrelevant
To find an equation of a line based on two
To find distance between A ;1 ;
and B is calculated using the points, use this formula: = 1 2
;1 1 ;2
Pythagorean Theorem by
;4 4 ;3 ;4 1
drawing a triangle = ; =
;5 5 ;6 ;5 ;1
92 + 52 = 2
- + 4 = 5
81 + 25 =
= + 9
= 106
GMAT Club 2011 48

33 35
If lines A and B are perpendicular to each Are the two lines below perpendicular?
other, what is the relationship between their
slopes?
A. Inverse
B. Opposite
C. Positive
D. Reciprocal
E. Reciprocal and Negative

34 36
The relationship between To answer, find the slope of each line and then
slopes of 2 perpendicular check to see if one slope is the negative reciprocal
lines is negative reciprocal of the other or if their product equals to -1.
1 5;19 ;14 14
. In other words, the Slope AB = 9;48 = ;39 = 39
two lines are perpendicular 24;4 20 20
if and only if the product of Slope CD =22;31 = ;9 = 9
their slopes is -1. 14 20
Multiply the slopes: 1;
1 39 9
E.g. 3 =-1 Not Perpendicular
3
GMAT Club 2011 49

Coordinate Geometry 9 Coordinate Geometry 10 (Hard)
37 39
2 2
Does the curve + = 16
intersect the Y axis?
What is the point of intersection of two 1) 2 + 2 > 16
lines that have the following equations: 2) = +5
y=3x-3 and y=2.3x+4?

38 40
The key to solving the intersection questions is that 2 + 2 = 16 is the equation of a circle
centered at with radius 4.
at the point of intersection, both lines will have the
Statement (1) by itself is insufficient. S1 says that the
same X and Y coordinates. center of the circle is further than 4 units away from
Thus, if Y coordinates are the same, then we can the origin but it doesn't specify whether the circle is
far enough from the axis not to intersect it.
put the two equations together: 3x-3 = 2.3x+4
Statement (2) by itself is sufficient. From S2 it follows
0.7x = 7; x = 10 that and thus the center of the circle is at least 5 units
away from the axis. As the radius of the circle is only 4
Now we still need to find the Y intercept. Plug 10 units, we can conclude that the circle does not
into one of the equations: 3*10-3 = 27 intersect the axis.
Intersection point: (10, 27) The correct answer is B. Statement 2 is sufficient.
GMAT Club 2011 50

CoordinateGeometry10(Hard)
45
Doesthecurve 16
intersecttheYaxis?
1 16
2 5
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:GEOMETRY
CoordinateGeometry10|Answers
46
16 istheequationofacircle
centeredatwithradius4.
Statement(1)byitselfisinsufficient.S1saysthatthe
centerofthecircleisfurtherthan4unitsawayfrom
theoriginbutitdoesn'tspecifywhetherthecircleis
farenoughfromtheaxisnottointersectit.
Statement(2)byitselfissufficient.FromS2itfollows
thatandthusthecenterofthecircleisatleast5units
awayfromtheaxis.Astheradiusofthecircleisonly4
units,wecanconcludethatthecircledoesnot
intersecttheaxis.
ThecorrectanswerisB.Statement2issufficient.
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:GEOMETRY
GMAT Club 2011 52

Enumeration Enumeration2
1 3
Therearethreemarbles:1blue,1grayand1
green.Inhowmanywaysisitpossibletoarrange Therearethreemarbles:1blue,1grayand1
marblesinarow?
green.Inhowmanywaysisitpossibleto
arrangemarblesinarowifblueandgreen
marbleshavetobenexttoeachother?
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:PROBABILITY&COMBINATIONS GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:PROBABILITY&COMBINATIONS
Enumeration|Answers Enumeration2|Answers
2 4
Solution: Let'swriteoutallpossibleways Solution: Let'swriteoutallpossiblewaysto

Total:6 arrangemarblesinarawandthenfindonly
arrangementsthatsatisfyquestion'scondition:
Enumerationisamethodofcountingallpossiblewaystoarrange
elements.Althoughitisthesimplestmethod,itisoftenthefastest
methodtosolvehardGMATproblemsandisapivotalprincipleforany
othercombinatorialmethod.Infact,combinationandpermutationis Answer:4
shortcutsforenumeration.Themainideaofenumerationiswritingdown
allpossiblewaysandthencountthem.
GMAT Club 2011 53

Enumeration3 Enumeration4(UltraHard)
5 7
IfN isapositiveinteger,whatisthelastdigit
of1!+2!+.N!?
Inhowmanywayscan5dressesbe Nisdivisibleby4
arrangedinastoredisplay?
isanoddinteger
Enumeration3|Answers Enumeration4|Answers
6 8
1.Howmanyobjectswecanputat1stplace?5. Thisisaveryhardquestionthatrequiresanon
traditionalapproach(assomeofthehardestofficial
2.Howmanyobjectswecanputat2ndplace?4 GMATquestionsoftendo)
andsoon:3,2,1 Analyzingfactorials,youwillnoticethatthesumof
Therefore,thetotalnumberofarrangementsofn factorialswillhave3asthelastdigitifN>3,(starting
with5!,eachsumendswithazerosince5!=120,
differentobjectsinarowis 6!=720,andsoon.)
1 2 2 1 ! S1issufficientsinceweknowN>3andthuswecansay
5!=5*4*3*2*1=20*6=120 withcertaintythatlastdigitequalsto3
S2tellsusthatNisnot1or3andiseither2orgreater
N!iscalledafactorial.Factorialequalstothe than3.Ineithercase,thelastdigitwillbe3
productofnumbersfromNto1. ThecorrectanswerisD
GMAT Club 2011 54

Combinations1 Combinations2
9 11
Whatisthenumberofpossiblearrangementsof
Whatisthenumberofpossiblearrangementsof objectsk inacertainorderfromacollectionof
objectsk fromacollectionofdistinctobjectsn? distinctobjectsn?
Combinations1|Answers Combinations2|Answers
10 12
Acombinationisanunordered collectionofkobjects Apermutationisanordered collectionofkobjects

takenfromasetofndistinctobjects.Thenumberof takenfromasetofndistinctobjects.Thenumber
wayshowwecanchoosekobjectsoutofndistinct
objectsisdenotedas: ofwayshowwecanchoosekobjectsoutofn
Totalnumberofarrangementsofn distinctobjectsis
distinctobjectsisdenotedas:
n! 1.Thetotalnumberofarrangementsofndistinct
Nowwehavetoexcludeallarrangementsofkobjects objectsisn!
(k!) andremaining(nk) objects((nk)!) astheorderof 2.Nowwehavetoexcludeallarrangementsof
chosenk objectsandremained(nk) objectsdoesn't remaining(nk)!Objects
matter. !
!
= !
! !
GMAT Club 2011 55

Combinations3 Combinations4
13 15
Whatisthedifferencebetween
combinationsandpermutations? Ifsixbusinesspartnersarehavingadinnerat
aroundtable,howmanyseating
Whentousewhichformula?
arrangementsarepossible?
14 16
!
Permutationsformula isusedwhen Thedifferencebetweenplacementinarowand
!
sequenceofchoicematters(meaningagroupABC thatinacircleisfollowing:ifweshiftallobjectby
isdifferentfromBACorCBA).Classicexampleis oneposition,wewillgetdifferentarrangementin
choosingnomineesfor3specificpositionsfroma arowbutthesamerelativearrangementina
poolof10candidates circle.So,forthenumberofcirculararrangements
! ofn objects,insteadofn!,wehave (n1)!
CombinationsformulaC= isusedwhen
! !
orderofselectionhasnoimpactandonceasmall Thus,theansweris5!or120
groupisformed,itdoesnotmatterhowthey
arrivedthere.Classicexampleispicking3marbles
fromabagof10
GMAT Club 2011 56

Combinations5 Combinations6(UltraHard)
17 19
Inhowmanydifferentwayscanagroupof8
Ifthereare5chairsinaroomandBoband peoplebedividedinto4teamsof2people
RachelwanttositsothatBobisalwaysleftof each?
Rachel,inhowmanywaysthisseating 90
arrangementbeachieved? 105
168
420
2520
18 20
NotethatleftofRachel,doesnotmean Thesolutiontothisproblemisthenumberof
immediatelynexttoRachel,justleftofher. combinations.Firstwegetoneteamoutof8.The
numberofwaystodothiswouldbe .Thenext
Thisconditioniscalledsymmetrybecauseit combinationis2outof6or ,andsoon.Havingall
eliminateshalfofthepossibilities(Rachelcansit fourcombinationsmultiplied,weneedtodividethe
onlyleftorrightofBob). totalnumberbythenumberofwaystheteamscanbe
chosen,sincewearenotinterestediftheteamwith
Therefore,thenumberofwaysthatBobisleftof twocertainpeopleischosenfirst,secondorthird.
Rachelisexactly ofallpossiblewaysor Therefore,theanswerisfoundbythefollowing
formula: 105
10 !
ThecorrectanswerisB.
GMAT Club 2011 57

Probability1 Probability2
21 23
WhatistheprobabilityofgettingTails when
flippingacoin?
Whatistheprobabilitythatan
eventn willoccur?
Whatistheprobabilitythatan Whatistheprobabilityofgettinga4whenrollinga
eventn willnot occur? die?
Probability1|Answers Probability2|Answers
22 24
Theprobabilitythatanevenn willtakeplaceis TheprobabilityofgettingTailswhenflippingacoin

whereN isthetotalnumberofpossible is or50%sincethereare2totalpossibilitiesand
occurrences onlyoneoutcomeeachtimethecoinisflipped
Theprobabilitythatanevenn willnotoccuristhe Theprobabilityofgettinga4whencastingadieis

oppositeofitoccurring,so1 or1 p ;thereareatotalof6potentialpossibilities
(1,2,3,4,5,6)andonlyonechancetorolloneof
them.
GMAT Club 2011 58

25 27
Ifthereisacoinandadie,whatisthe
Abucketcontains10greenand90white probabilityofgettingheadsanda"4
marbles.IfAdamrandomlychoosesamarble,
afteroneflipandonetoss?
whatistheprobabilitythatitwillbegreen?
26 28
Thenumberofgreenmarbles:n=10 Tossingacoinandrollingadieareindependent
Thenumberofallmarbles:N=10+90=100 events (occurrenceofoneeventdoesnot
Probability: 10% influenceoccurrenceofotherevents).Forn
Thereisoneimportantconceptinproblemswith independenteventstheprobabilityistheproduct
marbles/cards/balls.Whenthefirstmarbleisremoved ofallprobabilitiesofindependentevent.
fromajarandnotreplaced,theprobabilityforthe
So,theprobabilityofgettingheadsis and
secondmarblediffers( vs. ).Whereasincaseof
acoinordicetheprobabilitiesarealwaysthesame( probabilityofgettinga"4"is .Therefore,the
and ).Usually,aproblemexplicitlystates:itisa probabilityofgettingheadsanda"4"is:
problemwithreplacementorwithoutreplacement.
GMAT Club 2011 59

29 31
Therearetwosetsofcardswithnumbers:
Ifthereisa20%chanceofrainonanaverage {1,3,6,7,8}and{3,5,2}.IfRobertchooses
day,whatistheprobabilitythatitwillrainon randomlyonecardfromthefirstsetandone
thefirstdayandwillbesunnyonthesecond? cardfromthesecondset,whatisthe
probabilityofgettingtwooddnumbers?
30 32
Theprobabilityofrainis0.2;thereforeprobability Thereisatotalof5cardsinthefirstsetand3of
ofsunshineisq=1 0.2=0.8.Thisyieldsthatthe themareodd:{1,3,7}.Therefore,theprobability
probabilityofrainonthefirstdayandsunshineon ofgettingoddcardoutofthefirstsetis .
theseconddayis:
P=0.2*0.8=0.16 Thereare3cardsinthesecondsetand2ofthem
areodd:{3,5}.Therefore,theprobabilityofgetting
Note: whenworkingwithpercents,itisimportant
toconvertthemintoadecimalformat(suchas0.2 anoddcardoutofthesecondsetis .Finally,the
for20%orafractionformatsuchas for20%) probabilityofgettingtwooddintegersis:
or40%
GMAT Club 2011 60

33 35
Thereare8employeesincludingBoband
Rachel.If2employeesaretoberandomly
IfJessicarollsadie,whatisthe chosentoformacommittee,whatisthe
probabilityofgettingatleasta"3"? probabilitythatthecommitteeincludesboth
BobandRachel?
34 36
Twoeventsaremutuallyexclusiveiftheycannot Combinatorialapproach:
occuratthesametime.Fornmutuallyexclusive Thetotalnumberofpossiblecommitteesis =28
eventstheprobabilityisthesumofallprobabilities ThenumberofpossiblecommitteethatincludesbothBob
andRachelis1
ofevents:
P=
P(AorB)=P(A)+P(B)
Probabilityapproach:
Thereare4outcomesthatsatisfyourcondition(to
TheprobabilityofchoosingBoborRachelasafirstperson
rollatleast3):{3,4,5,6}.Theprobabilityofeach incommitteeis .TheprobabilityofchoosingRachelor
outcomeis . Bobasasecondpersonwhenfirstpersonisalreadychosen
is .TheprobabilitythatthecommitteeincludesbothBob
Theprobabilityofgettingatleasta"3"is:
andRachelis
+ +
GMAT Club 2011 61

Probability8 Part2 Probability8 Part3
37 39
Thereare8employeesincludingBoband Thereare8employeesincludingBoband
Rachel.If2employeesaretoberandomly Rachel.If2employeesaretoberandomly
chosentoformacommittee,whatisthe chosentoformacommittee,whatisthe
probabilitythatthecommitteeincludesboth probabilitythatthecommitteeincludesboth
BobandRachel? BobandRachel?
Probability8 Part2|Answers Probability8 Part3|Answers

38 40
ReverseCombinatorialApproach: Reverseprobabilityapproach:
Insteadofcountingprobabilityofoccurrenceofcertain
event,sometimesitisbettertocalculatetheprobabilityof Wecanchooseanyfirstperson.
theoppositeandthenuseformulap=1 q. Then,ifwehaveRachelorBobasthefirstchoice,we
Thetotalnumberofpossiblecommitteesis =28 canchooseanyotherpersonoutofthe6remaining
Thenumberofpossiblecommitteethatdoesnot includes
bothBobandRachelis:m 2 where, is
people.
thenumberofcommitteesformedfrom6remaining IfwehaveneitherRachelnorBobasfirstchoice,we
people canchooseanypersonoutoftheremaining7people.
2 isthenumberofcommitteesformedfromRobor
Rachelandoneoutof6otherpeople TheprobabilitythatthecommitteeincludesbothBob
1 1 1 1 andRachelis: 1 1 1
GMAT Club 2011 62

Probability9
41
JuliaandBrainplayagameinwhichJulia
takesaballandifitisgreen,shewins.Ifthe
firstballisnotgreen,shetakesthesecond
ball(withoutreplacingfirst)andshewinsif
thetwoballsarewhiteorifthefirstballis
grayandthesecondballiswhite.Whatisthe
probabilityofJuliawinningifthejarcontains
1gray,2whiteand4greenballs?
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:PROBABILITY&COMBINATIONS
Probability9|Answers
42
Sometimes,at700+levelyoumayseecomplex
probabilityproblemsthatincludeconditionsor
restrictions.Forsuchproblemsitcouldbehelpful
todrawaprobabilitytreethatincludeallpossible
outcomesandtheirprobabilities.
Now,Itisprettyobvious:

GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning MATH:PROBABILITY&COMBINATIONS
GMAT Club 2011 63

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MGMAT Math Foundations
Need a good level of practice?
Kaplan Math Workbook
Need the most practice?
MGMAT Math Guides or Veritas Prep Math Guides
Quantitative GMAT Official Guide 2nd ed
GMAT Total Math
GMAT book reviews: http://gmatclub.com/books

GMAT Club 2011 64

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GMAT Club 2011 65

VERBAL STRATEGIES
GMAT Club 2011 66

ContentsofFlashCards
2
BasicStrategiesandPrinciplesofSentence
Correction,CriticalReasoning,andReading
Comprehensionwithafewexamples
Illustrationoferrorsandrightanswerchoices
throughexamples
GMAT Club 2011 67

GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning VERBAL
BasicDeconstruction
3
Step1:Readthequestionstemandcategorizethequestion.
Step2:Readthestimulusandidentifythepremiseandthe
CriticalReasoning conclusion
Step3:Trytofocusontheconclusionandthinkofanswerchoices
thatmightberight
Step4:Useprocessofeliminationtoruleoutwronganswer
choices.Don'ttrytomakethemfit!
Step5:Makesureanswerchoicemakessense!
Contents MainpartsofaCRquestion
2 4
MainPoint/MustBeTrue
Weaken Conclusion
Strengthen
Assumption
ResolvetheParadox
Reasoning
Premise Assumption
BoldFaced
NumbersandPercents
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning VERBAL GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning VERBAL
GMAT Club 2011 68

MainpartsofaCRquestion TypeI AscertainConclusion
5 7
Conclusion:Thisisthefinalargumentthatthe Thesearequestionswhereweassumethatthe
authormakes. stimulusistrue andtrytofindanswerchoicesthat
aresupportedbytheconclusion
Premise:Theseareevidentiarystatementsthat
supporttheconclusion PossibleQuestionTypes:
1. Inference
Assumption:Theseareunstatedpremises,on 2. MainPoint
whichtheconclusionandsometimesthepremise 3. MustbeTrue
reston.
Premise&Conclusion TypeII Strengthen&Support

6 8
PREMISE CONCLUSION Thesearequestionswhereweassumethatthe

givenanswerchoicesaretrue andtrytopickthe
Supportstheconclusion Answers Hasatoneoffinality andconveys bestonethatwillsupportthestimulus
thequestionofWhy? thefinalmessageofwhatthe
authorissaying
Because Thus PossibleQuestionTypes:
Since Therefore 1. Strengthen
For/Forthereason Hence 2. Assumption
Dueto So
Asindicatedby Asaresultof/Consequently
Furthermore Accordingly
Giventhat Itfollowsthat/Itmustbethat
TypeIII WeakenandHurt MostCommonMistakeTypes
9 11
OutofScope/IrrelevantAnswers
Thisisbasicallytheoppositeoftheabovetypeand
Talksaboutsomethingcompletelyirrelevanttothe
aimstodisprovetheconclusionofthestimulus.
discussionathand.
Hencewetaketheanswerchoicetobetrue here
Peopletendtopickthesewhentheyrecompletely
aswell. unsureofwhattheyresupposedtobedoing
PossibleQuestionTypes: ToneMismatchAnswers
1. Strengthen Answersthatdontagreewiththetoneofthepassage
2. Assumption Mightbetoostrongortooweakwhencomparedto
stimulus
MostCommonMistakeTypes MainPoint/MustBeTrue
10 12
OppositeAnswers
Whichofthefollowingrepresentsthemainideaoftheparagraph?
Doestheoppositeofwhattheanswerchoiceis Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromtheabove?
supposedtodo
Peoplepickthembecausetheymightgetconfused CorrectAnswerChoices
aboutthequestiontype
Canthisanswerchoicebeprovenorvalidatedbywhatisgivenin
thestimulus?IsthisanswerchoicetruetothestimulusANDthe
ShellGameAnswers mainpointofthepassage,i.e.similartotheconclusion?
Shouldbevalidatedbythestimulus(Stimulusistakentobetrue)
Soundsreallysimilartothestimulusbutdiffersbyjust
Shouldbethemainpointofthestimulus,notjustapremise(for
therightamounttobeincorrectbutstilllucrative. MainPointquestions)
Peoplepickthesewhentheyrenotpayingclose Willeitherrestateconclusionorpresentitinadifferentmanner
attention
GMAT Club 2011 70

ABCDE Weaken
13 15
Tobeconsideredforthisyearsmeritscholarshipaward,studentsneedto
haveperfectattendanceanda4.0GPA.Alexistheonlypersonintheclass Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,callsintoquestionthevalidityofthe
whohasa4.0buthehashad5absences. argument?
Whichofthefollowingmostseriouslyunderminestheconclusion?
Theclaimsabove,iftrue,moststronglysupportwhichofthefollowing
conclusions? CorrectAnswerChoices
Doesthisanswerchoicebreakdowncausality?Doesitgivean
A. Nostudentatthisschoolhasperfectattendancefortheyear alternatecause,showthatthecauseeffectrelationshipisnon
B. Somestudentsatthisschoolwhodidnothavea4.0alsodidnothave existentorreversed?
perfectattendance Answerchoiceshouldbreakdownstructureofstimulus(Answeris
C. Alexistheonlystudentwhocouldbeconsideredfortheaward takentobetrue)
D. Nostudentatthisschoolqualifiesfortheawardthisyear Couldbeinrelationtoagrossgeneralization,awrongconclusion
orincorrecthypothesisfromfacts.
E. Manystudentshaveachievedperfectattendancebutnever4.0GPAs.
ABCDE
14 16
A:Exaggeration.
B:Possible,butnotnecessary
C:Thestimulusclearlysaysthatyouneedboth
perfectattendanceand4.0GPA.
D:Thisistrue.IfAlexistheonlyonewhohasa
4.0andhedoesnthaveaperfectattendance,it
meanstheentireschoolisbarredfrom
qualifyingfortheaward.Correctchoice.
E: Outofscopeanswer.
GMAT Club 2011 71

ABCDE Strengthen
17 19
Thereare350brandsofcellphonesinthemarkettoday.However,ourstore
onlystocksthetop10brands.Inordertoincreaseoursales,weplanto Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,strengthenstheargumentthemost?
increasethesizeofourinventorytothetop50brands. Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostsignificantlyhelpprovethe
scientistshypothesis?
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,pointsoutamajorflawintheplanabove?
CorrectAnswerChoices
A. Thecapabilitiesofthetopfivecellphonesarealmostthesame,withno
brandhavingconsistentsuperiorityinallrespects. Doesthisanswerchoicereinforcetheconclusiondirectly?Doesit
B. Thetop8brandsaccountforalmostallthecellphonessold validateanassumptionorruleoutadiscrepancy?Doesithelpestablish
causality?
C. Asusersgetmoresophisticated,theywanttotryoutthelesserknown Answerchoiceshouldstrengthenstructureofstimulus(Answeristaken
brandswhichmightoffersomeothervaluetothem. tobetrue)
D. Lesspopularbrandsprovidelittleprofittothestorebecausetheyhaveto Needstodirectlystrengthenconclusionbybridginglogicalgaps,
bediscountedtobesold validatingreasonsorassumptionsorfindingmissinglinks.Ifitsnota
directstrengthening,moveon!Donttrytomaketheconnections!
E. Theleadingbrandsarenowlosingsalestolesspopularbrandsthatoffer
similarfeaturesforalowercost
ABCDE
18 20
A:Irrelevant.Doesthisaffectprofitmarginsforthe
storeiftheyweretoincreaseinventory?No
B:Thismeansthatthestorealreadyhasthebrands
thatsellthemost.Increasinginventorywillhave
littleeffectonprofitmargins.CorrectAnswer.
C:Thisalmoststrengthenstheargument.
D:Thistellsyouthatthelesserbrandswillprovide
lesserprofit.Butlessisarelativeterm.Thisisan
unclearstatement.
E: Thisalmoststrengthenstheargumentbyfavoring
anincreaseininventory.Henceincorrect.
GMAT Club 2011 72

ABCDE Assumption
21 23
Recently,severalcompanieshavewithdrawntheiradsfromMagazineA,becausethe
editorialboardofthemagazinehaddecidedtochangetheimagethatthemagazine Theauthorassumeswhichofthefollowinginsayingthat
portraysfromoneoffamilyvaluestooneconcernedmorewithsexandviolence.Surely
thisindicatesthatthedecisionmakersinadvertisingagenciesdostillhaveasenseofmoral Theargumentcannotbetrueunlesswhichofthefollowing
proprietythatoccasionallydrivestheiractions. statementsareassumed?
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldstrengthenthisconclusion? CorrectAnswerChoices
A)Theadvertisersregularlyreviewtheplacementoftheiradvertisements.
B)Itisarareeventforseveraladvertiserstowithdrawalltheiradvertisements Supporter:Linksunrelatedelementsinthestimulusandfillsin
simultaneouslyfromapublication. logicalgaps
C)Theadvertisers,whenquestioned,admittedthattheirclientswouldloserevenueasa Defender:Eliminatesthealternativesandanychoicesthatmight
resultoftheadvertisementsbeingwithdrawn. weakentheconclusion.
D)Theadvertisersallplacednewadvertisementswithotherpublicationsthatemphasised
familyvalues. AssumptionNegationTechnique:Narrowitdowntothefinal
E)AsurveyofthereadershipofMagazineXsuggestedthatthemajorityofthereadership answerchoicesandthennegatethem themainmodifierora
thinkthatthestandardofthemagazine'scontentshadfailedsinceitstransformation. verb(suchthatthemeaningofthesentenceisreversed)andifthe
negatedchoiceweakenstheconclusion,theanswerisright.
QuestionfromGMATClub(95810)
GMATClub
contributingtoeachotherslearning VERBAL GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning VERBAL
ABCDE
22 24
A:Thisisirrelevanttothequestionofmoral
propriety.
B:Thisdoesntnecessarilypointtomoral
proprietydirectly.Dontmakeunnecessary
connections!
C:Onceagain,nocorrelationtowhatweretalking
about
D:Ifthisistrue,thenitshowsthattheagencies
careaboutwheretheiradsgo.Hencecorrect.
E: Thisisaboutthemagazine.Nottheadvertisers.
GMAT Club 2011 73

ABCDE ResolvetheParadox
25 27
Intheory,itspossiblethatbacteriadevelopedonMarsearlyinitshistoryandsome
werecarriedtoEarthbyameteorite.However,strainsofbacteriafromdifferent
planetswouldprobablyhavesubstantialdifferencesinproteinstructurethatwould
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,helpsexplaintheparadoxabove?
persistovertime,andnotwobacterialstrainsonEartharedifferentenoughtohave Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,helpsexplaintheapparent
arisenondifferentplanets.So,evenifbacteriadidarriveonEarthfromMars,they discrepancyintheargument?
musthavediedout.
CorrectAnswerChoices
Theargumentismostvulnerabletowhichofthefollowingcriticisms?
ActiveResolution:Donttrytodisprovethestimulus,takeitasa
A.ItfailstoestablishwhetherbacteriaactuallydevelopedonMars. given.
B.ItfailstoestablishhowlikelyitisthatMartianbacteriaweretransportedtoEarth.
C.Itfailstoconsiderwhetherthereweremeansotherthanmeteoritesbywhich
Doestheanswerchoiceaddressthefacts?Theanswerchoice
MUSTconformtothestimulus
MartianbacteriacouldhavebeencarriedtoEarth.
D.ItfailstoconsiderwhetherallbacterianowonEarthcouldhavearisenfrom TheanswershouldaddressBOTHsidesoftheparadox,and
transportedMartianbacteria. resolveit.Itshouldntstrengthentheparadox.
E.Itfailstoconsiderwhethertherecouldhavebeenstrainsofbacteriathat
originatedonEarthandlaterdiedout.
GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning
VERBAL GMATClub contributingtoeachotherslearning VERBAL
ABCDE
26 28
A:Thisisirrelevanttotheargumentthatstatesthat
evenifbacteriacamefromMars,theymusthave
diedout.
B:OutofScope!
C:Again,thisdoesnttalkaboutbacteriastrainsdying
out
D:Ifthisistrue,thenthereneednothavetobeany
significantdifferencebetweenthestrainsfoundon
Earth,sincetheyalloriginatedfromMars.
E: Wearenotconcernedaboutthis.
GMAT Club 2011 74

ABCDE Reasoning
29 31
AseveredroughtcanlessenthetotalamountofgovernmentaidthatUSfarmersreceive
asagroup.Thegovernmentpaysfarmerstheamount,ifany,bywhichthemarketpriceat
whichcropsareactuallysoldfallsshortofapresettargetpriceperbushelforthecrops. Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribestheauthors
Thedroughtof1983,forexample,causedfarmprogrampaymentstodropby$10billion. methodofdefendingthecase?
Whichofthefollowingismostparalleltotheargumentinlogical
Giventheinformationabove,whichofthefollowing,iftrue,bestexplainswhythe structure?
droughtof1983resultedinareductioninfarmprogrampayments?
A. Priortothedroughtof1983,thegovernmentraisedthetargetpriceforcropsinorderto CorrectAnswerChoices
aidfarmersinreducingtheirdebtloads.
B. Duetothedroughtof1983,UnitedStatesfarmersexportedlessfoodin1983thaninthe
precedingyear. Shouldfollowthesamepatternofreasoning.Focusonthelogic,
C. Duetothedroughtof1983,UnitedStatesfarmershadsmallerharvestsandthusreceived
notthecontentoftheargument!
ahighermarketpriceforthe1983cropthanforthelargercropoftheprecedingyear. Answerchoicemustbeadescriptionoftheauthorslogic!
D. Duetothedroughtof1983,UnitedStatesfarmersplannedtoplantsmallercropsin1984 Answerchoiceshouldnotbeinconsistentwiththestimulus,even
thantheyhadin1983. ifthestimulushasflawedlogic.Wearenotaskedtoevaluatethe
E. Despitethedroughtof1983,retailpricesforfooddidnotincreasesignificantlybetween logicofthestimulus;wearemerelyaskedtofindananswerthat
1982and1983.QuestionfromGMATClub(80726) followsthesamepattern rightornot.
ABCDE
30 32
A:Strengthenstheparadox.
AmountPaid=Target Market.Wecantsay
anythingunlessweknowwhathappenedtothe
marketprice.
B:Exportsareirrelevanthere.
C:Thistalksaboutthehighermarketprices.Thiscould
explaintheparadoxbecausetarget marketwill
becomelesserifmarketbecomeshigher
D:Sizeofcropsisirrelevant.
E: Between19821983?Retailprice?OutofScope!
GMAT Club 2011 75

ABCDE BoldFacedQuestions
33 35
Shakespearewastheworld'sgreatestplaywright,whichmeansthathemusthavewrittentheworld's
greatestplays.Thefactthathewrotethegreatestplaysintheworldonlygoestoprovethatheisthe
world'sgreatestplaywright. Thetwoboldfacedsentencesplaywhichofthefollowing
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestmatchestheargumentshownabove? roles?
A. Dr.SmithistheonlymemberofthetwentystrongEnglishdepartmentwhothinksthatByronwrote
greaterpoetrythanKeats.ThereforeByronwasnotasgoodapoetasKeatswas. CorrectAnswerChoices
B. Amiscarriageofjusticeoccurswhenaninnocentpersonissenttoprison.However,thereareno
miscarriagesofjusticebecausepeopleinprisonareguilty.Otherwisetheywouldnothavebeensent
toprison.
Shouldaddressboththeboldfacedportions,notjustone.
C. Thepresenceofenlargedwhitecorpusclesinthebloodwouldindicatethatthepatientmustbe
sufferingfromdiseaseX.However,hisbloodsamplecontainsnoenlargedwhitecorpuscles,sohe Willbetruetothestimulusandmimicthereasoningin
cannotbesufferingfromdiseaseX. thestimulus!
D. Blairdenieshavingcommittedtherobbery,buthasimplicatedBrown.Brownontheotherhand,
claimsthathewaselsewhereatthetime,andpointsthefingersquarelybackatBlair. Answerchoiceshouldnotbeinconsistentwiththe
E. Ibelievethatthepresenceofthetartarsaucehelpstoaccentuatetheflavouroftheother stimulus,anditshouldfollowthesamelogicalpatternin
ingredients,buttheyinturnreleasechemicalswhichtendtoneutralisethetartarsauce.Therefore ordertoarriveattheargumentofthestimulus..
thedishismuchlessspicythanpuretartarsaucewouldbe.
ABCDE
34 36
A:Thiscallsformakingajudgmentbasedon
someonesopinion.Nottrue.
B: Thisistrue.Theargumentinthestimulusisa
circularargumentthatsaysAprovesBandthen
usesBtoproveA.Asimilarpatternexistshere.
C:Thishasanegationeffectinthereasoning.Not
relevant.
D:Shellgameanswer.Mightseemlikecircularlogic,
butitsactuallyjustacircularsequenceofevents.
E: Somekindofcontradictoryreasoning.Notrelevant.
GMAT Club 2011 76

ABCDE Numbers&Percents
37 39
AlthoughtheearliestsurvivingGreekinscriptionswritteninanalphabetdatefromtheeighthcentury
B.C.,astrongcasecanbemadethattheGreeksactuallyadoptedalphabeticwritingatleasttwo Larger numbers doesnt mean larger percentage
centuriesearlier. Significantly,thetextoftheseearliestsurvivingGreekinscriptionssometimesruns
fromrighttoleftandsometimesfromlefttoright.Now,theGreekslearnedalphabeticwritingfrom and smaller number doesnt mean smaller
thePhoenicians,andintheprocesstheywouldsurelyhaveadoptedwhateverconventionthe
Phoenicianswerethenusingwithrespecttothedirectionofwriting. Originally,Phoenicianwriting
percentage. For example,
ranineitherdirection,butbytheeighthcenturyB.C.ithadbeenconsistentlywrittenfromrightto
leftforabouttwocenturies.
Intheargumentgiven,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles? Increase in percentage is not the same as saying

A.Thefirstisthepositionthattheargumentseekstoestablish;thesecondreportsadiscoverythat there is an increase in absolute numbers. This
hasbeenusedtosupportapositionthattheargumentopposes.
B.Thefirstisthepositionthattheargumentseekstoestablish;thesecondpresentsanassumption
could merely be the result of a change in the
onwhichtheargumentrelies.
C.Thefirstpresentsevidencethatisusedinsupportofthepositionthattheargumentseeksto
group size. For example, 5% of 100 > 10% of 50.
establish;thesecondpresentsanassumptiononwhichtheargumentrelies.
D.Thefirstisanobjectionraisedagainstapositionthattheargumentopposes;thesecondisthe
positionthattheargumentseekstoestablish.
E.Thefirstisanobjectionraisedagainstapositionthattheargumentopposes;thesecondis
evidencethathasbeenusedtosupportthatposition. QuestionfromGMATClub(98749)
ABCDE
38 40
A:Thesecondboldfacedportiondoesntrepresenta
discovery;itsanassumption
B: Thisistrue.Thefirstpartisaclausethestimulus
wantstoproveandthesecondisanassumption
C:Thefirstboldfacedportiondoesntobjecttoany
statement.
D:Thefirstboldfacedportiondoesntobjecttoany
statement.
E: Thefirstboldfacedportiondoesntobjecttoany
statement.
GMAT Club 2011 77

ABCDE
41
ArecentsurveyofallautoaccidentvictimsinDoleCountyfoundthat,oftheseverelyinjured
driversandfrontseatpassengers,80percentwerenotwearingseatbeltsatthetimeoftheir
accidents.Thisindicatesthat,bywearingseatbelts,driversandfrontseatpassengerscangreatly
reducetheirriskofbeingseverelyinjurediftheyareinanautoaccident.
Theconclusionaboveisnotproperlydrawnunlesswhichofthefollowingistrue? ReadingComprehension
A. Ofallthedriversandfrontseatpassengersinthesurvey,morethan20percentwerewearingseat
beltsatthetimeoftheiraccidents.
B. Considerablymorethan20percentofdriversandfrontseatpassengersinDoleCountyalways
wearseatbeltswhentravellingbycar.
C. Moredriversandfrontseatpassengersinthesurveythanrearseatpassengerswereveryseverely
injured.
D. Morethanhalfofthedriversandfrontseatpassengersinthesurveywerenotwearingseatbelts
atthetimeoftheiraccidents.
E. MostoftheautoaccidentsreportedtopoliceinDoleCountydonotinvolveanyseriousinjury.
ABCDE Contents
42 44
A:Thisisatrickyquestion.Ouraimistoproveacorrelation.Letssay100
peoplewereseverelyinjuredand100werenot.Outofthe100 GlobalQuestions
severelyinjured,80didntwearseatbelts.
Probabilityofapersonnotwearingseatbelttogetinjured= MainPoint/PrimaryPurpose
PassageOrganization
Probabilityofapersonwearingseatbelttogetinjured=
AuthorsPerspective/PassageTone
B:Doesntestablishthecorrelationbetweenwhatsbeingsaid.Hence LocalQuestions
incorrect.
C:Thisdoesntevengiveusarelativeindication.Incorrect. SpecificReference
D:Thistellsusaboutthenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwearingseat Function
belts,butnotaboutthenumberofpeoplewhowereinjured.
E: Completelyirrelevanttothescopeofthediscussion. StrengthenandWeaken
ParallelReasoningQuestion

FourQuestionsforRC CommonIndicators
45 47
Readfromgeneraltospecificatthreelevels.Changeyourreading

strategy,notyourreadingspeed.Answerthefollowingquestions. Main PointorStrongPurpose
Why?MainPointofthepassage.
VeryCommonQuestionType
How?Structureofthepassage Introduction,Exampleand
CounterExample.Andsoon.
Primarygoalofreadingpassage Findthemain
What?Whatisbeingsaid?(MainPointofIndividualParagraphs) point!
WhatTone?Makesureanswerchoicemakessense!
Newvs.ExistingIdeas CommonIndicators
46 48
CONTINUATIONOFOLDIDEAS INTRODUCTION OFNEWIDEAS

DifficultWords,Phrases&Concepts
Continues elaboratingonanideathats Introducesanothernewidea, perhaps
alreadybeenpresented tocontrastsomethingpresented. VeryCommonDistraction
Furthermore However
ForInstance But Dontfocusonthedifficultyofthewordsor

ForExample Nevertheless terminologies
Additionally Yet
Similarly InContrast
Instead,choosetofocusontheunderlying
Indeed Although
Infact Still
meaningofwhatitssaying
GMAT Club 2011 79

CommonIndicators CommonIndicators
49 51
ListofThings/Enumerations DatesandNumbers
Paycloseattention! Matchthecorrectdateswiththeevents
mentioned
Dontmemorize!
Perhaps,makeanoteofthedatesandashort
Verycommonquestionindicator.Makeamental handversionoftheeventonyournotepad.
noteofwherethelistoccurs,soyoucanreturnto
it,ifnecessary.
CommonIndicators CommonIndicators
50 52
Reference withAuthority HiddenReferences

Ifauthoritiesarementioned,thinkabouthowandwhy Ideasthatarementionedmorethanonceinthe
thisauthoritativeremarkisnecessary. passage.
Mightrepresentconflictingviewpointsorideas.
Evenifthequestioncitesalinenumberforoneof
thereferences,theanswerchoicemightdrawon
Makenoteofwhateachauthoritysaysandwhytheir
authorityisrelevant. thesameideamentionedelsewhere,oranother
partofthepassage.
Very,veryimportant,andveryeasytomisinterpret!
GMAT Club 2011 80

CommonIndicators BasicQuestionTypes
53 55
Contrasting Views
Ifseveralviewpointsarepresentedinthepassage,
makenoteofeachpointandwhossayingit/why Type
itsbeingsaid.
Understandingofthesecounterexamplesorviews
areveryimportant!Theywillbeindicatedby Global Local
wordssuchasHoweverorIncontrast
CommonIndicators QuestionTypes
54 56
Definitions
Global BroadQuestions
Commonwhenthepassageisofscientificnature
Makeanoteofthedefinitionandexpecttobe MainPoint/PrimaryPurpose
questionedaboutyourunderstandingofthe
definition PassageOrganization
AuthorsPerspective/PassageTone
GMAT Club 2011 81

BroadQuestions BroadQuestions
57 59
MainPoint/Primary Purpose AuthorsPerspective/ToneofPassage

Thesequestionsaskyoutoreflectonanauthors
RepresentsCoreIdeas perspective
Willaskaboutthebroadermeaningofthe Understandwhattheauthoristryingtosay,and
passage,andwhatitseekstoconvey. whereheorshestandswithrespecttotheviews
presented.
Istheauthoraggressive?Oristheauthordocile?
Whatisthetoneofthemessageconveyed?
BroadQuestions QuestionTypes
58 60
Passage Organization Local SpecificQuestions(FourTypes)

Thiswillaskaboutthestructureofapassage SpecificReference
Forinstance,thestructuremightbesomething Function
likethis:
Introduction
Example StrengthenandWeaken
CounterExample
ParallelReasoningQuestion
GMAT Club 2011 82

LocalQuestions LocalQuestions
61 63
SpecificReference Strengthen/Weaken
Willrefertoaspecificlineorparagraphinthe SimilartoCriticalReasoningQuestionsofthe
passageandaskforaquestionrelatingtothat. sametype.
Mightinvolvecrossreferencingwithother Therequiredanswerwilleitherhelporhurtthe
relevantinformationpresentedelsewhereinthe conclusiveviewpointpresentedbytheauthor,
passage i.e.themainpoint
Assumetheanswerchoicesgiventobetrue.
LocalQuestions LocalQuestions
62 64
Function Parallel Reasoning

Questionsaboutwhatapieceofthepassage Again,similartoCriticalReasoningQuestionofthe
sametype
eitheraparagraph,alineorevenawordistrying
toaccomplishwithrespecttothebroaderscope Willasktoidentifyanaction,amonggivenactions,or
ofthepassage aviewpointthatmimicsthereasoningthatthe
authorfollows.
Trytoinfersomethingaboutthecontextandtone Identifyingthestructureofthepassageandthe
ofthespecificreference,andaskyourself structureofalinewithinapassageasnecessary
Whatdoesthislinedo? wouldgreatlyhelp!
GMAT Club 2011 83

RCinaNutshell
65
Therightmentality:ThepassageWILLbe
intentionallyconfusing.Getusedtoit!
SentenceCorrection
Awarenessofcontent:Thepassagesmightbe
fromhumanities,socialsciencesorsciences.
Dontgetboggeddownbyonekindorget
excitedaboutanother
ReadingPattern:GeneraltoSpecific
RCinaNutshell Contents
66 68
Understandquestiontypes:GlobalorLocal SubjectVerbAgreement
VerbTenseErrors
NounAgreement
Prephrase:Framearoughanswerbeforeyou
pickanswerchoices! Pronouns
Modifiers
Comparisons
ProcessofElimination:Dontkeepananswer
Parallelism
thatyouhavetomakeconnectionsfor.
GMAT Club 2011 84

DeconstructingSC Andwhatsnot?
69 71
Step1:Readthequestionstemandthinkofpossibleerrorsinthe
sentence,subjectverbagreement,tensemismatchetc.
ThreeQuestionTypesYouWontSee
Step2:Readtheanswerchoiceandsplititintotwogroupsbasedon
Spelling TheGMATwillnottestyouonyour
overallstructure. knowledgeofspellings
Step3:Oneofthegroupswillcontainanerror.Eliminatethegroup
andresplitthenextgroup. Punctuation Addingacommaoranapostrophe
andsimilarthingswillnotbetested.Semicolons,
Step4:Useprocessofeliminationtoruleoutwronganswerchoices. however,aretested.
Don'ttrytomakethemfit!
Step5:Makesuretheanswerchoicemakessense! Capitalization TheGMATdoesnttestyouon

yourknowledgeofcapitalizationeither.
WhatsTested? ErrorsTested
70 72
ThreeQuestionTypesYouWillSee SubjectVerbAgreement
Grammar Thesentencehastoadheretotherules Thisdealswiththeissueofplurality.
ofgrammarfollowedbyStandardEnglish.
Singularsubjectsmustusesingularverbs.For
Meaning Thesentencehastohavearelevant
meaningandconveyitproperly example:Hewas eating.
Concision Ifwhatisbeingsaidcanbesaidinfive PluralVerbsmustusepluralverbs.Forexample:

wordsinsteadoften,thentheformerispreferred Theelephantswere walking.
(Activevs.Passivevoice,forexample)
GMAT Club 2011 85

Trap1: Phrasesbetweensubject andverb Trap3: MultipleNounsorPronouns
73 75
Removetheadditionalinformationandreadthe Ifthereismorethanonenounortheusageofa
sentencewithoutthem. pronouninasentence,thenthesubjectverb
BarelyseventeenandleadingtheFrencharmywearing agreementMUSTbeconsistent!!
amansarmor,JoanofArc,anilliteratepeasantgirl
fromtheFrenchcountryside,brokethesevenmonth TwoExceptions:
oldseizeofOrleansinninedays. Conjunctions(OR,NOR)AlwaysSINGULAR
Readingthesentencewithoutthatpartwehave: UsageofEACHorEVERY AlwaysSINGULAR
BarelyseventeenandleadingtheFrencharmywearing
amansarmor,JoanofArc,brokethesevenmonthold
seizeofOrleansinninedays.
Trap2: SubjectFollows Verb Trap4: Indefinite Pronouns

74 76
Ifthereareexpletives,thencheckforsubjectverb Pronounslikeall,any,more,most,somebody,nobody
agreement,byrearrangingthesentence. andsoon.
Somecommonexpletives: Pluralityisbasedonwhattheindefinitepronounis
There referringto!(Thisistheantecedent)
Here Exceptions:
It Each,Either,Neither,Every,Number Alwayssingular
Or irrespectiveofwhatfollows!
Example:AnumberofreasonsPlural!Thenumber of
cars Singular!("the" is singular and "a" is plural)
GMAT Club 2011 86

ErrorsTested ErrorsTested
77 79
VerbTense Noun Agreement

Tense Forms Thenumberofnounsmustbeconsistentwithwhat
theyarereferencing.
Past Simple
Incorrect: MattandDavebelievedthattheirhard
workintheirengineeringclasswillhelpthemrealize
Present Perfect theirdreamofbecomingagreatengineer.
Future Progressive Correct:MattandDavebelievedthattheirhardwork

intheirengineeringclasswillhelpthemrealizetheir
dreamofbecominggreatengineers.
PerfectProgressive
78 80
VerbTense SubTypes UseofPronouns

IncorrectVerbTense
PronounAntecedentDisagreement
ShiftinVerbTense
IncorrectUseofRelativePronouns
VerbVoice
AmbiguousandImpliedPronouns
GMAT Club 2011 87

PronounErrorSubTypes Trap 2: Indefinite Pronouns
81 83
PronounAntecedentDisagreement
Theseareverygeneralpronouns many,few,
ThepronounMUSTrefertoitsantecedent. both,everyandsoon.
Thepronounantecedentrelationshipshouldbe Incorrect:Manyofthestudentsweresurprisedto
consistentthroughoutthesentence. learnthathisorherexamwasunfairlygraded.
Incorrect: Eachofthewomenselectedforthe
scholarshipwereaskedtosubmitanapplication. Correct:Manyofthestudentswe
surprisedtolearnthattheirexamswasunfairly
Correct: Eachofthewomenselectedforthe graded.
scholarshipwasaskedtosubmitanapplication.
Trap 1: Distancebtw.pronoun&antecedent Trap 3: Misleading Antecedents

82 84
Thishappenswhenthereisadditionalinformation
betweenthepronounandantecedentmakingiteasy AntecedentsthatSOUNDSpluralbutactualare
tolosetrackoftherelationshipbetweenpronouns
andtheirantecedents.
singularorviceversa.
Incorrect:Thelibrary,withitsmanybooksand Forexample,familyissingular,andpersonsis
databases,requireaspecialmembership. singulartoo.Itmightbeagroupofpeopleina
family,butbeingacollectivenoun,itsstill
Correct: Thelibrary,withitsmanybooksand singular!
databases,requiresaspecialmembership.
GMAT Club 2011 88

PronounErrorSubTypes Trap 2: Whovs.Whom?
85 87
Incorrectuseofrelativepronouns
Verysimpletrick!
Theyrelategroupsofwordstoanounorpronoun Makethefollowingsubstitutions:
which,whom,whomsoever,whereandwhy. He Who
Him Whom
Twotrapsofincorrectusage: Thesubstitutionthatmakessensewillcorrespondwith
IncorrectPronounChoiceforPeopleandThings thecorrectwordinthatcontext.
Differencebetweenwhoandwhom
Sometimesitmightbenecessarytorearrangethe
sentenceforittomakesense.
Trap 1: PronounChoice ErrorsTested

86 88
Modifiers
WhoandWhomwillalwaysrelatetopeople.
Misplacementofadjectives(describesnouns
Thedoctorthat performedthesurgerywashonored serene)andadverbs(describeverbs serenely)
shouldbewho
Forexample:ThenewBMWmodelisdesignedto
ThatandWhichwillalwaysrelatetothings,i.e. drivefasterandmoreefficientthantheprevious
inanimateobjects. model.
Themachinewho performedthesurgerywas Theusageofthewordefficientiswrongheresinceits
showcasedintheexhibit shouldbethat modifyingtheverb.Thecorrectwordusagewouldbe
efficiently
GMAT Club 2011 89

Trap1: Quantifiers Trap2: Placement
89 91
ErrorsinCountNouns(canbecounted trees, Misplacedmodifierswithrelativeclauses(like

bottles,billions).Quantifiersaremany,both,few, thatorwhich)
several,acoupleandsoon.
Incorrect:Accordingtothereport,bicycleswillbe
ErrorsinNonCountNouns(cannotbecounted confiscatedthathavenotbeenregisteredwiththe
water,liquid).Quantifiersaremuch,alittle,abit university.
andsoon.
Correct:Accordingtothereport,bicyclesthathave
Somemodifierslikeall,andsomecanbeusedfor notbeenregisteredwiththeuniversitywillbe
both. confiscated.
Trap2: Placement ErrorsTested

90 92
Misplacedmodifiersaremodifiersthatareplacedin

thewrongpositiononasentence. Comparisons
Incorrect:Shortonmoney,thecarwasthebestoneTanya
couldfind. Incorrectuseofcomparativedegree
Correct:Shortonmoney,Tanyaknewthatthecarwasthe
bestoneshecouldfind.
IllogicalComparisons
DanglingModifiersarethosewherethereferentis
completelyabsent.
Incorrect: Walkingtotheuniversity,thecathadtostop.
Correct:Walkingtotheuniversity,hehadtostopbecause
ofhiscat.
GMAT Club 2011 90

ComparisonSubType ErrorsTested
93 95
Degree ofComparison Parallelism

Whentherearetwoobjectsbeingcompared,youhave ParallelVerbsandVerbFormErrors
touseacomparativeword.Whenmorethantwo
objectsarecompared,youhavetouseasuperlative ParallelNounErrors
word.
Incorrect:Thoughthereportersfeltthatinjuryplayedapart ParallelPrepositionsandArticles
inTennesseeslosstoMinnesota,Tennesseescoachsaid
thatMinnesotahadthebest teamthatnight. ParallelConjunctions
Correct:Thoughthereportersfeltthatinjuryplayedapart
inTennesseeslosstoMinnesota,Tennesseescoachsaid ParallelComparisons
thatMinnesotahadthebetterteamthatnight.
ComparisonSubType ParallelismSubType
94 96
Illogical Comparison VerbErrors

Onlysimilarobjectscanbecompared.Youcannot Nounsarenaturallyparallel.Butwhentheyarein
compareahumantoadog. theformwithaningattheend(gerunds),theyare
Incorrect: ThoughtherecentLaysfoodpoisoning confusedforverbs.
incidenthascausedsomebuyerstoquestionitsquality,
theLayschipsaresoldmoreoftenthananyotherfood Incorrect: Thecommonsymptomsofthestomachflu
company. areindigestion,vomitinganddrinkinglesswaterthan
Correct: ThoughtherecentLaysfoodpoisoningincident
usual.
hascausedsomebuyerstoquestionitsquality,theLays
chipsaresoldmoreoftenthanthoseproducedbyany Correct: Thecommonsymptomsofthestomachflue
otherfoodcompany. areindigestion,vomitinganddecreasedwaterintake.
GMAT Club 2011 91

ParallelismSubType ParallelismSubType
97 99
NounErrors ParallelConjunctions
Whenasentencehastwoormoresimilarparts Theconjunctionsusedmustbeparallelinstructure.
linkedbyaconjunction,eachparthastobeofthe Someexamples:
sameverbform. Neither nor Eitheror
Incorrect:Thenewexampatternrequiresstudentsto Notonly butalso Bothand
entertheirstudentIDsandsigningtheirnamesonthe Whether or Asas
roster.
Correct: Thenewexampatternrequiresstudentsto Incorrect: Therestaurantnotonlyhiredanewchef,butit
entertheirstudentIDsandsigntheirnamesonthe also expandeditsseatingcapacity.
roster. Correct: Therestaurantnotonlyhiredanewchef,butalso
expandeditsseatingcapacity.
ParallelismSubType ParallelismSubType
98 100
Prepositional/Article Errors ParallelComparisons

Aprepositionandanarticlemusteitherbeusedby
allpartsofasentenceorbyjustthefirstpart. Whencomparisons areleftunparallel,thatcan
amount toanerroraswell.
Incorrect: Bydoingeachassignment,turningin Incorrect: In thebook,theauthormentionsthathe
homeworksontimeandby attendingalltheclasses, foundeditingpicturesmuchmorearduousand
onemightbeabletoobtainthehighestgradeinthe difficultthanwhenhehadtotaketheactualpictures.
class. Correct: Inthebook,theauthormentionsthathe
foundeditingpictures muchmorearduousand
Correct: Bydoingeachassignment,turningin difficultthantakingpictures.
homeworksontime,andattendingalltheclasses,one
mightbeabletoobtainthehighestgradeintheclass.
GMAT Club 2011 92

101 103
SemiColons Idioms
Usageoffragmentsordependentclauseson
eithersideofasemicolon Very,verycommonerrortested.
Aphrasethatiscommonlyacceptedascorrect
Incorrect:Theguineapigisnotatruepig;rather,a
eventhoughitsgrammaticallyinconsistent
rodentthatbelongstotheCaviidae family. Anidiomerrorwillmisrepresenttheidiom.
Correct: Theguineapigisnotatruepig,butrathera Idiomsareprovidedwithrightandwrongusage
rodentthatbelongstotheCaviidae family. inthecardsthatfollow.
Correct: Theguineapigisnotatruepig;itsarodent
thatbelongstotheCaviidae family.
ErrorsTested ErrorsTestedIdiomRules
102 104
WordinessandRedundancy Amongvs.Between
TheGMATwillpreferusageofthemostconcise
sentencespossible.
Among:
Incorrect: Hedecidedtonotpurchasethecarduetothe Used when more than two items are in question.
factthat itwastooexpensive.
Example: He was the best among three candidates.
Correct: Hedecidedtonotpurchasethecarbecauseit
wastooexpensive.
Incorrect: Inadditiontoplayingtheguitar,Robalso plays Between:

theviola. Used when two items are in question
Correct: Inadditiontoplayingtheguitar,Robplaysthe
viola. Example: He was the best between the two of them.
GMAT Club 2011 93

ErrorsTestedIdiomRules ErrorsTestedIdiomRules
105 107
Bothvs.Each EachOthervs.OneAnother
Both: Each Other:

Used to point out similarities.
Used to compare two things.
Example: Both of them were good at swimming.
Example: They loved each other dearly.
Each:
Used to point out differences/dissimilarities. (Always
One another:
singular) Used to compare more than two things.
Example: Each girl had her own niche. Example: The three brothers loved one another dearly.
ErrorsTestedIdiomRules ErrorsTestedIdiomRules
106 108
Twicevs.Double Ifvs.Whether
Twice: If:
Twice/Thrice etc. are used for comparison Primarily used only in If else sentences.
Example: The Toyota was twice as fast as the Honda.
Example: If this is true, the market will collapse. Else, it will
be okay tomorrow.
Double:
Whether:
Used as a verb only.
Used more frequently as a comparison.
Example: He more than doubled his wealth by
Example: Whether or not he chooses to accept the prize is
investing in stocks. up to him.
GMAT Club 2011 94

ErrorsTestedIdiomRules ErrorsTestedIdioms
109 111
Agreeupon/to
Likevs.SuchAs
Correct: Weagreeduponthedateofthemeeting
Incorrect:Weagreedtothedateofthemeeting.
Like:
Used when indicating similarities between things. Correct:Weagreedtoshareourroom.
Example: Like John, Amy was a violinist too. Incorrect:Weagreeduponsharingourroom.
Allowfor
Such as:
Correct: Onemustalwaysallowforamarginoferror
Used to list examples. whilecalculatingaxialloads.
Example: There are different kinds of tigers such as the Incorrect:Onemustalwaysallowtohaveamarginof
Bengal Tigers, white tigers and so on. errorwhilecalculatingaxialloads.
ErrorsTestedIdioms ErrorsTestedIdioms
110 112
AbilityTo Appealto
Correct:Dolphinshavetheabilitytoemitlowfrequency Correct:Iappealedtohissenseofjustice.
whistles
Incorrect:Iappealedforhissenseofjustice.
Incorrect:Dolphinshavetheabilityofemittinglow
frequencywhistles.
Areindangerof
Actas/like
Correct:Thegiantpandabearsareindangerof
Correct:Asignaturecanactasa legalattetato.
extinction.
Incorrect:Asignaturecanactlikealegalattetato.
Incorrect:Thegiantpandabearshaveadangerof
Correct:Hewasactinglikeachild. dyingfromdeforestation.
Incorrect:Hewasactingasachild.
GMAT Club 2011 95

113 115
Asanadolescent Attributeto
Correct: Asanadolescent,hesufferedfromattention Correct:Iattributemysuccesstohardwork.
disorder Incorrect:Iattributemysuccesswithhardwork.
Incorrect:Whileinadolescence,hesufferedfrom
attentiondisorder. Baseon
Correct:Thedecisionwasmadebasedonmultiple
Asgoodas criteria.
Correct:Itsasgoodasnew. Incorrect:Thedecisionwasmadebasedofmultiple
criteria.
114 116
Associatewith Begintoseedaylight
Correct:Iassociatespringwithflowers. Correct:Afterworkingontheprojectallnight,Iam
finallybeginningtoseedaylight.
Incorrect:IalwaysassociatewatertoNiagarafalls.
Incorrect:Afterworkingontheprojectallnight,Iam
finallybeginningtoviewthedaylight.
Attendto
Correct:Ihavetoattendtosomeduties Between<>and<>
Incorrect:Ihavetoattendforsomeduties. Correct:Ihadtochoosebetweenchocolatesand
cakes.
Incorrect:Ihadtochoosebetweenchocolateswith
cakes.
GMAT Club 2011 96

117 119
Carefor/about Consider(as)
Correct:Idontcaremuchforsweets
Correct:Idontconsiderhimaseriouscontender
Correct:Icareaboutheralot.
Incorrect:Idontconsiderhimwithaserious
contender
Claimto/Claimthat
Correct:Ineverclaimedtopossessremarkablesinging
talent. Conformto
Incorrect:Ineverclaimedthatpossessremarkable Correct:Youmustconformtothestandards
singingtalent.
Incorrect:Youmustconformwiththestandards
Correct:IneverclaimedthatIpossessedremarkable
talent.
118 120
Cometoadeadend Contrastto/with
Correct:Hecametoadeadendafterresearchingtopics. Correct:Incontrasttothepreviousreport,thisoneisbetter
Incorrect: Hecamebyadeadendafterresearchingtopics. Incorrect:Incontrastwiththepreviousreport,thisoneis

better.
Compareto/with
Correct:Inevercomparedmyselftoher. Correct:Theredbackgroundcontrastsnicelywiththeblue
flowers
Incorrect:Inevercomparedmyselfforher.
Incorrect:Theredbackgroundcontrastsnicelytotheblue
flowers.
Correct:Letscomparetheprosofthesituationwiththe
cons.
Counton
Incorrect:Letscomparetheprosofthesituationforthe
cons. Correct:IknewthatIcouldcountonyou.
Incorrect:IknewthatIcouldcountforyou.
GMAT Club 2011 97

121 123
Creditfor/to/with Declared<>
Correct:Youshouldtakecreditforwhatyoudid. Correct:Theteacherdeclaredallexamsworthy.
Incorrect:Youshouldtakecredittowhatyoudid. Incorrect:Theteacherdeclaredallexamsasworthy.
Correct:Icreditmysuccesstomyhardwork. Defineas
Incorrect:Icreditmysuccessformyhardwork.
Correct:Lightisdefinedasradiation.
Incorrect:Lightisdefinedforradiation.
Correct:Heiscreditedwiththediscoveryofpenicillin.
Incorrect:Heiscreditedfor/tothediscoveryofpenicillin.
122 124
Debateabout Delightedto
Correct:Therewasaragingdebateaboutstandards. Correct:Iamdelightedtoacceptthisprize.
Incorrect:Therewasaragingdebateforstandards. Incorrect:Iamdelightedforacceptingthisprize.
Decideon Differentfrom
Correct:Iamyettodecideonacolorforthewall. Correct:Thissandwichisdifferentfromtheothers.
Incorrect:Iamyettodecideaboutacolorforthe Incorrect:Thissandwichisdifferentwiththeothers.
wall.
GMAT Club 2011 98

125 127
Distinguishbetween/from Drawto
Correct:Ihadtodistinguishbetweengoodandbad. Correct:Hewasdrawntoherfromthemomenthe
Incorrect:Ihadtodistinguishfromgoodandbad. mether.
Incorrect:Hewasdrawnforherfromthemomenthe
Correct:Ihadtodistinguishgoodfrombad. mether.
Incorrect:Ihadtodistinguishgoodwithbad.
Easiersaidthandone
Drawaline Correct:Itsalwayseasiersaidthandone.
Correct:Wehadtodrawalinesomewhere.
Incorrect:Itsalwayseasiersaidthantobedone.
Incorrect:Wehadtodrawthelinebefore.
126 128
Drawattentionto Electas/to
Correct:Ihatetodrawattentiontothefactthatthe Correct:Hewaselectedtooffice.
qualityoffoodhasgonedown. Incorrect:Hewaselectedtoofficer.
Incorrect:Ihatetodrawattentionforthefactthatthe
qualityoffoodhasgonedown. Correct:Hewaselectedasanofficer.
Incorrect:Hewaselectedasoffice.
Drawupon
Correct:Wehadtodrawuponthereservestokeepthe
carrunning. Easiersaidthandone
Correct:Itsalwayseasiersaidthandone.
Incorrect:Wehadtodrawonthereservestokeepthe
carrunning. Incorrect:Itsalwayseasiersaidthantobedone.
GMAT Club 2011 99

129 131
Indicatethat Left,rightandcenter
Correct:Studiesindicatethatstressisacommoncause Correct:Shewasshootingemailstopeopleleft,rightand
ofheartattacks. center.
Incorrect:Studiesindicateaboutstressbeingacommon
Incorrect:Shewas,leftrightandcenter,sendingemails.
causeofheartattacks.
Inorderto Knownto
Correct:Shebeganstudyinginordertogetagoodgrade Correct:Evenasastudent,Rickwasknowntodothings
intheclass. differently.
Incorrect:Shebeganstudyinginorderthatshegota Incorrect:Evenasastudent,Rickwasknownaswantingto
goodgradeintheclass. dothingsdifferently.
130 132
Justas<>,so<> Ameansto
Correct:JustasTyrawasconsideredforthescholarship,so Correct:Sheonlyvieweditasameanstotheend.
wasMia. Incorrect:Forsomepeople,moneyisconsidereda
Incorrect:JustasTyrawasconsideredforthescholarship,
meansfor/ofanend.
Miaasalsoconsidered.
Mistakenfor
Knownto
Correct:Thetwinswereoftenmistakenforone
Correct:Evenasastudent,Rickwasknowntodothings
differently. another.
Incorrect:Thetwinswereoftenmistakenasone
Incorrect:Evenasastudent,Rickwasknownaswantingto
dothingsdifferently. another.
GMAT Club 2011 100

133 135
Morethanever Reluctantto
Correct:IregretnotgoingtoEurope,nowmorethanever.
Correct:Shewasreluctanttotakeonsuchahugetask.
Incorrect:IregretnotgoingtoEurope,nowmorethan
Incorrect:Shewasreluctantabouttakingonsucha
never.
hugetask.
Nativeof/to
Correct:SheisanativeofVienna. Requireof
Incorrect:SheisanativetoVienna. Correct:Itisrequiredofallcandidatestoreporthere
daily.
Correct:TheBengalTigerisnativetoIndia. Incorrect:Itisrequiredfromallcandidatestoreport
Incorrect:TheBengalTigerisnativeofIndia. heredaily.
134 136
Prohibitfrom Seemto
Correct:Onlywhenweprohibitpeoplefrombuyingdrinks
Correct:Heseemedtobehidingsomethinginhispocket.
forminors,willwereducetheproblemofunderage
drinking. Incorrect:Heseemedashewashidingsomethinginhis
Incorrect:Onlywhenweprohibitpeopletobuydrinksfor pocket.
minors,willwereducetheproblemofunderagedrinking.
Takeadvantageof
Rangefrom
Correct:Thequalityoftheseproductsrangefromgoodto Correct:Hetookadvantageofalltheopportunitieshehad.
excellent. Incorrect:Hetookadvantageforalltheopportunitieshe
Incorrect:Thequalityoftheseproductsrangebetween had.
goodtoexcellent.
GMAT Club 2011 101

Idioms Idioms
137 139
Whichsentenceisidiomaticallycorrect? Whichsentenceisidiomaticallycorrect?
A. WillFerrell'scameoscenesaresofunnyas A. Themarkethasconfidencethat thefirmwilladd
anythinghe'severdone. back leveragetoincreaseprofits.
B. WillFerrell'scameoscenesareasfunnythat B. Themarkethasconfidencein thefirm'sabilityto
anythinghe'severdone. addback leveragetoincreaseprofits.
C. WillFerrell'scameoscenesareasfunnyas C. Themarkethasconfidencein thefirmtoadd
Idioms Idioms
138 140
Correctanswer: Correctanswer:
A. WillFerrell'scameoscenesaresofunnyas A. Themarkethasconfidencethat thefirmwilladd
B. WillFerrell'scameoscenesareasfunnythat B. Themarkethasconfidencein thefirm'sabilityto
anythinghe'severdone. addback leveragetoincreaseprofits.
C. WillFerrell'scameoscenesareasfunnyas C. Themarkethasconfidencein thefirmtoadd
GMAT Club 2011 102

Idioms Idioms
141 143
A. Whatthesescorestellusisthatrigorislackingin A. Thecityindustrialistshavedemanded thestate
someschools. governmenttomeet thepromisesmadebychief
ministerAshokChavan.
B. Whatthesescorestellusisthatsomeschools
B. Thecityindustrialistshavedemandedthat the
lackof rigor. stategovernmentmeet thepromisesmadeby
C. Whatthesescorestellusisthatthere'salackof chiefministerAshokChavan.
rigorinsomeschools. C. Thecityindustrialistshavedemandedthat the
stategovernmentmet thepromisesmadeby
chiefministerAshokChavan.
Idioms Idioms
142 144
A. Whatthesescorestellusisthatrigorislackingin A. Thecityindustrialistshavedemanded thestate
someschools. governmenttomeet thepromisesmadebychief
ministerAshokChavan.
B. Whatthesescorestellusisthatsomeschools
B. Thecityindustrialistshavedemandedthat the
lackof rigor. stategovernmentmeet thepromisesmadeby
C. Whatthesescorestellusisthatthere'salackof chiefministerAshokChavan.
rigorinsomeschools. C. Thecityindustrialistshavedemandedthat the
stategovernmentmet thepromisesmadeby
chiefministerAshokChavan.
GMAT Club 2011 103

Idioms Idioms
145 147
A. Tensionshaveflaredinsomepartsofthecountry A. TheproblemisDisney'sabilitytotake controlof
between blackswith Hispanics. someofthebestknowncharactersquicklyisvery
limited.
B. Tensionshaveflaredinsomepartsofthecountry
B. TheproblemisDisney'sabilityoftaking control
between blacksand Hispanics. ofsomeofthebestknowncharactersquicklyis
C. Tensionshaveflaredinsomepartsofthecountry verylimited.
among blacksand Hispanics. C. TheproblemisDisney'sabilityfortaking control
ofsomeofthebestknowncharactersquicklyis
verylimited.
Idioms Idioms
146 148
A. Tensionshaveflaredinsomepartsofthecountry A. TheproblemisDisney'sabilitytotake controlof
between blackswith Hispanics. someofthebestknowncharactersquicklyisvery
limited.
B. Tensionshaveflaredinsomepartsofthecountry
B. TheproblemisDisney'sabilityoftaking control
between blacksand Hispanics. ofsomeofthebestknowncharactersquicklyis
C. Tensionshaveflaredinsomepartsofthecountry verylimited.
among blacksand Hispanics. C. TheproblemisDisney'sabilityfortaking control
ofsomeofthebestknowncharactersquicklyis
verylimited.
GMAT Club 2011 104

Idioms Idioms
149 151
A. Areadingabove50percentindicates the A. Incontrastto thefirsttwooptionscentralizing
manufacturingeconomytobe generally decisionmaking,aCapandTradesystemwillnot.

expanding. B. Ascontrastedwith thefirsttwooptions,aCap
B. Areadingabove50percentindicatesthat the andTradesystemwilldecentralize decision
manufacturingeconomyis generallyexpanding. making.
C. Areadingabove50percentindicates the C. Incontrastto thefirsttwooptions,aCapand
manufacturingeconomyis generallyexpanding. Tradesystemwilldecentralize decisionmaking.
Idioms Idioms
150 152
A. Areadingabove50percentindicates the A. Incontrastto thefirsttwooptionscentralizing
manufacturingeconomytobe generally decisionmaking,aCapandTradesystemwillnot.
expanding. B. Ascontrastedwith thefirsttwooptions,aCap
B. Areadingabove50percentindicatesthat the andTradesystemwilldecentralize decision
manufacturingeconomyis generallyexpanding. making.
C. Areadingabove50percentindicates the C. Incontrastto thefirsttwooptions,aCapand
manufacturingeconomyis generallyexpanding. Tradesystemwilldecentralize decisionmaking.
GMAT Club 2011 105

Idioms Idioms
153 155
A. Thisreporthasbeenissuedbytheassociation A. Itsgrossmarginrosefrom 22%upto 25%,butits
since1931,excepting afouryearinterruption operatingmarginfellfrom 7%downto 4%.
duringWorldWarII.
B. Itsgrossmarginrosefrom 22%to 25%,butits
B. Thisreporthasbeenissuedbytheassociation
since1931,exceptfor afouryearinterruption operatingmarginfellfrom 7%to 4%.
duringWorldWarII. C. Itsgrossmarginrosefrom 22%until 25%,butits
C. Thisreporthasbeenissuedbytheassociation operatingmarginfellfrom 7%till 4%.
since1931,withtheexceptionof afouryear
interruptionduringWorldWarII.
Idioms Idioms
154 156
A. Thisreporthasbeenissuedbytheassociation A. Itsgrossmarginrosefrom 22%upto 25%,butits
since1931,excepting afouryearinterruption operatingmarginfellfrom 7%downto 4%.
duringWorldWarII.
B. Itsgrossmarginrosefrom 22%to 25%,butits
B. Thisreporthasbeenissuedbytheassociation
since1931,exceptfor afouryearinterruption operatingmarginfellfrom 7%to 4%.
duringWorldWarII. C. Itsgrossmarginrosefrom 22%until 25%,butits
C. Thisreporthasbeenissuedbytheassociation operatingmarginfellfrom 7%till 4%.
since1931,withtheexceptionof afouryear
interruptionduringWorldWarII.
GMAT Club 2011 106

Idioms Idioms
157 159
A. "Ibelievethatwealthisameansfor anend,not A. TheancientChineseTaoistsdistinguished
anendinitself". intercourseand orgasm.
B. "Ibelievethatwealthisameansof anend,not B. TheancientChineseTaoistsdistinguished
anendinitself". intercoursefrom orgasm.
C. "Ibelievethatwealthisameansto anend,not C. TheancientChineseTaoistsdistinguished
anendinitself". between intercourseand orgasm.
Idioms Idioms
158 160
A. "Ibelievethatwealthisameansfor anend,not A. TheancientChineseTaoistsdistinguished
anendinitself". intercourseand orgasm.
B. "Ibelievethatwealthisameansof anend,not B. TheancientChineseTaoistsdistinguished
anendinitself". intercoursefrom orgasm.
C. "Ibelievethatwealthisameansto anend,not C. TheancientChineseTaoistsdistinguished
anendinitself". between intercourseand orgasm.
GMAT Club 2011 107

Idioms Idioms
161 163
A. Itwouldhavebeeneasyenoughfor hertobuy a A. iPhoneusersdownloadtwotofourtimesas
ranchstylehousethatshecouldeasilyandlogically manymore games,video,andotherWebdata
decoratewithScandinavianstylefurniture. than othersmartphoneusers.
B. Itwouldhavebeeneasyenoughsothat shebought B. iPhoneusersdownloadtwotofourtimesas
aranchstylehousethatshecouldeasilyandlogically manymore games,video,andotherWebdataas
decoratewithScandinavianstylefurniture. othersmartphoneusers.
C. Itwouldhavebeeneasyenoughastobuy aranch C. iPhoneusersdownloadtwotofourtimesas
stylehousethatshecouldeasilyandlogically many games,video,andotherWebdataas other
decoratewithScandinavianstylefurniture. smartphoneusers.
Idioms Idioms
162 164
A. Itwouldhavebeeneasyenoughfor hertobuy a A. iPhoneusersdownloadtwotofourtimesas
ranchstylehousethatshecouldeasilyandlogically manymore games,video,andotherWebdata
decoratewithScandinavianstylefurniture. than othersmartphoneusers.
B. Itwouldhavebeeneasyenoughsothat shebought B. iPhoneusersdownloadtwotofourtimesas
aranchstylehousethatshecouldeasilyandlogically manymore games,video,andotherWebdataas
decoratewithScandinavianstylefurniture. othersmartphoneusers.
C. Itwouldhavebeeneasyenoughastobuy aranch C. iPhoneusersdownloadtwotofourtimesas
stylehousethatshecouldeasilyandlogically many games,video,andotherWebdataas other
decoratewithScandinavianstylefurniture. smartphoneusers.
GMAT Club 2011 108

Idioms Idioms
165 167
A. Wehaveonechanceinamillionof winningthe A. Oureconomicwellbeingisgenerallydetermined
WorldCup. from theamountofgoodsandservicesthatwe
consume.
B. Wehaveoneinamillionchancesto winthe
B. Oureconomicwellbeingisgenerallydetermined
WorldCup. by theamountofgoodsandservicesthatwe
C. Wehaveonechanceinamillionfor winningthe consume.
WorldCup. C. Oureconomicwellbeingisgenerallydetermined
through theamountofgoodsandservicesthat
weconsume.
Idioms Idioms
166 168
A. Wehaveonechanceinamillionof winningthe A. Oureconomicwellbeingisgenerallydetermined
WorldCup. from theamountofgoodsandservicesthatwe
consume.
B. Wehaveoneinamillionchancesto winthe
B. Oureconomicwellbeingisgenerallydetermined
WorldCup. by theamountofgoodsandservicesthatwe
C. Wehaveonechanceinamillionfor winningthe consume.
WorldCup. C. Oureconomicwellbeingisgenerallydetermined
through theamountofgoodsandservicesthat
weconsume.
GMAT Club 2011 109

Idioms Idioms
169 171
A. Sheiscreditedfor solvingnumerouscases. A. Whyhasn'tCongressmandatedthat thetotal
premiumcostbe shownaswagesoneverypay
B. Sheiscreditedwith solvingnumerouscases. stubbutnottaxed?
C. Sheiscreditedasbeing agreatdetective. B. Whyhasn'tCongressamandatefor thetotal
premiumcosttobe shownaswagesoneverypay
stubbutnottaxed?
C. Whyhasn'tCongressmandatedthat thetotal
premiumcostare shownaswagesoneverypay
stubbutnottaxed?
Idioms Idioms
170 172
A. Sheiscreditedfor solvingnumerouscases. A. Whyhasn'tCongressmandatedthat thetotal
premiumcostbe shownaswagesoneverypay
B. Sheiscreditedwith solvingnumerouscases. stubbutnottaxed?
C. Sheiscreditedasbeing agreatdetective. B. Whyhasn'tCongressamandatefor thetotal
premiumcosttobe shownaswagesoneverypay
stubbutnottaxed?
C. Whyhasn'tCongressmandatedthat thetotal
premiumcostare shownaswagesoneverypay
stubbutnottaxed?
GMAT Club 2011 110

Idioms Idioms
173 175
A. A13yearoldgirlwasmistakenlyabductedinMarch A. Butbothconsider theproblemsas necessary
2008bytraffickerswhowerebelievedtohave inconveniencestofeaturetheirconferencesand
mistaken heras thenieceofasuspecteddrugdealer. programs.
B. A13yearoldgirlwasmistakenlyabductedinMarch B. Butbothconsider theproblemstobe necessary
mistaken herfor thenieceofasuspecteddrug
programs.
dealer.
C. A13yearoldgirlwasmistakenlyabductedinMarch C. Butbothconsider theproblemsnecessary
mistaken herto thenieceofasuspecteddrugdealer. programs.
Idioms Idioms
174 176
A. A13yearoldgirlwasmistakenlyabductedinMarch A. Butbothconsider theproblemsas necessary
mistaken heras thenieceofasuspecteddrugdealer. programs.
B. A13yearoldgirlwasmistakenlyabductedinMarch B. Butbothconsider theproblemstobe necessary
mistaken herfor thenieceofasuspecteddrug
programs.
dealer.
C. A13yearoldgirlwasmistakenlyabductedinMarch C. Butbothconsider theproblemsnecessary
mistaken herto thenieceofasuspecteddrugdealer. programs.
GMAT Club 2011 111

Idioms Idioms
177 179
A. Thedrugmakerproposed thelitigationbe A. Theastronautswouldprobablybestusetheir
centralizedintheUSDistrictCourtforthe remainingtimelivingandworkingonMars
NorthernDistrictofOhio. insteadof dyingathome.
B. Thedrugmakerproposedthat thelitigationisto B. Theastronautswouldprobablybestusetheir
be centralizedintheUSDistrictCourtforthe remainingtimelivingandworkingonMarsrather
NorthernDistrictofOhio. dyingathome.
C. Thedrugmakerproposedthat thelitigationbe C. Theastronautswouldprobablybestusetheir
centralizedintheUSDistrictCourtforthe remainingtimelivingandworkingonMarsrather
NorthernDistrictofOhio. than dyingathome.
Idioms Idioms
178 180
A. Thedrugmakerproposed thelitigationbe A. Theastronautswouldprobablybestusetheir
centralizedintheUSDistrictCourtforthe remainingtimelivingandworkingonMars
NorthernDistrictofOhio. insteadof dyingathome.
B. Thedrugmakerproposedthat thelitigationisto B. Theastronautswouldprobablybestusetheir
be centralizedintheUSDistrictCourtforthe remainingtimelivingandworkingonMarsrather
NorthernDistrictofOhio. dyingathome.
C. Thedrugmakerproposedthat thelitigationbe C. Theastronautswouldprobablybestusetheir
centralizedintheUSDistrictCourtforthe remainingtimelivingandworkingonMarsrather
NorthernDistrictofOhio. than dyingathome.
GMAT Club 2011 112

Idioms Idioms
181 183
A. Thecompanyrequires himhold stockvaluedat A. Cubanpovertyisaresultof theAmericantrade
$4.4million,fourtimeshisannualbasesalaryof embargo.
$1.1million.
B. Theresultof theAmericanembargowas Cuba
B. Thecompanyrequires himtohold stockvalued
at$4.4million,fourtimeshisannualbasesalary impoverished.
of$1.1million. C. Resultingfrom theAmericanembargo,Cuba
C. Thecompanyrequires himholding stockvalued impoverished.
at$4.4million,fourtimeshisannualbasesalary
of$1.1million.
Idioms Idioms
182 184
A. Thecompanyrequires himhold stockvaluedat A. Cubanpovertyisaresultof theAmericantrade
$4.4million,fourtimeshisannualbasesalaryof embargo.
$1.1million.
B. Theresultof theAmericanembargowas Cuba
B. Thecompanyrequires himtohold stockvalued
at$4.4million,fourtimeshisannualbasesalary impoverished.
of$1.1million. C. Resultingfrom theAmericanembargo,Cuba
C. Thecompanyrequires himholding stockvalued impoverished.
at$4.4million,fourtimeshisannualbasesalary
of$1.1million.
GMAT Club 2011 113

Idioms Idioms
185 187
A. Arisingof electricitypricesfuelledthe18percent A. Itseemslike thecompanyis slowlyrunningout
yearonyearjumpinthecompany'srevenuesto ofnewfeaturestoadd.
3.6billionzlotys.
B. Thecompanyseemsasifitis slowlyrunningout
B. Arisein electricitypricesfuelledthe18percent
3.6billionzlotys. C. Itseemsasif thecompanyis slowlyrunningout
C. Araisein electricitypricesfuelledthe18percent ofnewfeaturestoadd.
yearonyearjumpinthecompany'srevenuesto
3.6billionzlotys.
Idioms Idioms
186 188
A. Arisingof electricitypricesfuelledthe18percent A. Itseemslike thecompanyis slowlyrunningout
3.6billionzlotys.
B. Thecompanyseemsasifitis slowlyrunningout
B. Arisein electricitypricesfuelledthe18percent
3.6billionzlotys. C. Itseemsasif thecompanyis slowlyrunningout
C. Araisein electricitypricesfuelledthe18percent ofnewfeaturestoadd.
yearonyearjumpinthecompany'srevenuesto
3.6billionzlotys.
GMAT Club 2011 114

Idioms Idioms
189 191
A. Sweetpotatoesarenativein CentralAmericaand A. Everyproduct usesimilar recycledpapers,
Peru. cardboardandothermaterials,inadditionto
leadfreepaints,nontoxicgluesandinks.
B. Sweetpotatoesarenativefrom CentralAmerica
B. Allproducts usesimilar recycledpapers,
andPeru. cardboardandothermaterials,inadditionto
C. Sweetpotatoesarenativeto CentralAmericaand leadfreepaints,nontoxicgluesandinks.
Peru. C. Eachproduct usesimilar recycledpapers,
cardboardandothermaterials,inadditionto
Idioms Idioms
190 192
A. Sweetpotatoesarenativein CentralAmericaand A. Everyproduct usesimilar recycledpapers,
Peru. cardboardandothermaterials,inadditionto
B. Sweetpotatoesarenativefrom CentralAmerica
B. Allproducts usesimilar recycledpapers,
andPeru. cardboardandothermaterials,inadditionto
C. Sweetpotatoesarenativeto CentralAmericaand leadfreepaints,nontoxicgluesandinks.
Peru. C. Eachproduct usesimilar recycledpapers,
cardboardandothermaterials,inadditionto
GMAT Club 2011 115

Idioms Idioms
193 195
A. Theleadinfrom'DancingWiththeStars'willbe A. Theaveragepricehasrisenatleast1centper
high,andsotoo theexpectations. gallonperdayforeightconsecutivedaysto
$2.952,10centsasmuchas aweekago.
B. Theleadinfrom'DancingWiththeStars'willbe
B. Theaveragepricehasrisenatleast1centper
high,andalso theexpectations. gallonperdayforeightconsecutivedaysto
C. Theleadinfrom'DancingWiththeStars'willbe $2.952,10centsmorethan thatofaweekago.
high,andsotoowillbe theexpectations. C. Theaveragepricehasrisenatleast1centper
gallonperdayforeightconsecutivedaysto
$2.952,10centsmorefrom aweekago.
Idioms Idioms
194 196
A. Theleadinfrom'DancingWiththeStars'willbe A. Theaveragepricehasrisenatleast1centper
high,andsotoo theexpectations. gallonperdayforeightconsecutivedaysto
$2.952,10centsasmuchas aweekago.
B. Theleadinfrom'DancingWiththeStars'willbe
B. Theaveragepricehasrisenatleast1centper
high,andalso theexpectations. gallonperdayforeightconsecutivedaysto
C. Theleadinfrom'DancingWiththeStars'willbe $2.952,10centsmorethan thatofaweekago.
high,andsotoowillbe theexpectations. C. Theaveragepricehasrisenatleast1centper
gallonperdayforeightconsecutivedaysto
$2.952,10centsmorefrom aweekago.
GMAT Club 2011 116

Idioms Idioms
197 199
A. SponsorsincreasinglyusetheInternetlikea A. Hazhadawayofspeaking thatwaslesslike
directmediachanneltocustomers. givinginformationandmorelikewarningsand
B. SponsorsincreasinglyusetheInternettobea omens.
directmediachanneltocustomers. B. Hazhadawayforspeaking thatwaslesslike
C. SponsorsincreasinglyusetheInternetasa direct givinginformationandmorelikewarningsand
mediachanneltocustomers. omens.
C. Hazhadawaytospeak thatwaslesslikegiving
informationandmorelikewarningsandomens.
Idioms Idioms
198 200
A. SponsorsincreasinglyusetheInternetlikea A. Hazhadawayofspeaking thatwaslesslike
directmediachanneltocustomers. givinginformationandmorelikewarningsand
B. SponsorsincreasinglyusetheInternettobea omens.
directmediachanneltocustomers. B. Hazhadawayforspeaking thatwaslesslike
C. SponsorsincreasinglyusetheInternetasa direct givinginformationandmorelikewarningsand
mediachanneltocustomers. omens.
C. Hazhadawaytospeak thatwaslesslikegiving
informationandmorelikewarningsandomens.
GMAT Club 2011 117

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GMAT Club 2011 118

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GMAT Club 2011 119

About GMAT Flashcards
Thank you for downloading GMAT Clubs GMAT
Flashcards. These flashcards have been put together
by a number of GMAT Club members ( Walker,
Bunuel, Shrouded1, Dzyubam, Whiplash2411, and
others)
Please visit http://gmatclub.com/flashcards
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If you have any suggestions how to improve these
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GMAT Club 2011 120

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GMATCLUBFLASHCARDS

GMAT Club 2011 2

GMAT Club contributing to each others learning

GMAT Club 2011 3

If Jack got a raise from $15 per hour to $18

Percent | Answers Percent 2 | Answers

Percent Formula: Percent Change Formula:

GMAT Club 2011 4

If the production of hybrid cars tripled last year, by

200% 50% of 25 is 25% of which number?

Percent 3 | Answers Percent 4 | Answers

Short one but a harder to come up with:

GMAT Club 2011 5

Check your knowledge of Odd/Even rules

Even + Odd = ? Is 0 odd or even?

Hint: try picking numbers

Odd/Even Rules | Answers Odd/Even Rules 2 | Answers

Odd + Odd = 1+ 1 = 2 (Even)

GMAT Club 2011 6

If b is an odd number, which of the following Is A+B+C even or odd?

Odd/Even Rules 3 | Answers Odd/Even Rules 4 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 7

Is 54780 divisible by 2? Is integer 2 4 divisible by 9?

Divisibility Rules | Answers Divisibility 2 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 8

Which of the following integers represents a sum If 2 = + 5, = 2, =

Number Properties | Answers Number Properties 2 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 9

How many distinct integers are What is a multiple?

Number Properties 3 | Answers Multiples | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 10

Is 0 (zero) a multiple of 100? How to find a Least Common

Multiples 2 | Answers Multiples 3 | Answers

Step 2: Multiply the unique factors (exclude

GMAT Club 2011 11

The product of three and four is reduced by

Multiples 2 Answers Translate Answers

GMAT Club 2011 12

Arithmetic to Memorize | Answers Arithmetic to Memorize 2 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 13

Arithmetic to Memorize 3 | Answers Arithmetic to Memorize 4 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 14

Arithmetic to Memorize 5 | Answers Arithmetic to Memorize 6 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 15

Arithmetic to Memorize 7 | Answers Reciprocal Answers

GMAT Club 2011 16

What is the 3- step approach to solving If |x-1| = 4, what is the value of

Absolute Value | Answers Absolute Value 2 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 17

Absolute Value 3 | Answers Absolute Value 4 | Answers

|x 5| = 10 Statement (1) by itself is not sufficient. From

GMAT Club 2011 18

Factors | Answers Factors 2 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 19

What is the ratio of a to d if

Ratios Powers | Answers

With questions like these, unless you can spot a

0.5*4 = 2c; c = 1 subtracting powers. This question is

GMAT Club 2011 20

Powers 2 | Answers Powers 3 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 21

Powers 4 | Answers Powers 5 | Answers

GMAT Club 2011 22

2;2 2;3 26 2;4 =?