,

:
g = 10 m / s 2 :

w = 1000kg / m 3 w = w g = 104 N / m 3
:

water = 103 kg / ms water = 106 m 2

/s :

air = 1.2 kg / m , air = 1.51e-5m /s R = 287 N m / KgK

3 2 :

Patm = (101kPa ) Abs = (0 Pa )Gauge :

L : 1[m] = 100[cm] = 1000[mm] : 1[kg / m 3 ] = 10 3 [g / cm 3 ]
m : 1[kg ] = 1000[gr ] = 10 3 [ton] : 1[kg / m s ] = 10[Poise] = 1000[cP ]
kg m
F : 1[N ] = 1 2 : 1[m 2 / s ] = 10 4 [St ] = 10 6 [cSt ]
s
kg m 2
[
P : 1[Pa ] = 0.1 dyn / cm 2 ] E : 1[Joul ] = 1[N m] = 1 2
s
[ ]
Q : 1 m 3 / s = 1000[L / s ] = 10 6 [cc / s ]
Joul kg m
2
N : 1[W ] = 1 = 1 3
s s

m f f
i , S = :
w w
fluid du
= F = A :
fluid dy
Pabs = (Pgauge +101kPa ) = T :

dp
= w S :
dz
PA = P0 + w ShA0 :

Fp = PC A
I xc w S sin
y p y = y =
Fp
:
Fb = w S f b :
Sb
s = b : "
Sf

( )
r
=Q V n dA = V(average ) A :
m& = w S Q = w S VA :
m
= m& in m& out :
t

F = m& (V out V in ) :

:
)(:

Vout 2 Vin 2 Pout P

+
in + ( z out zin ) + hL + hT h p = 0
2g w S out w S in
W& p h p w SQ
= N pN T = W& p = hT w SQ : = :

2p
= V1 :
d 4
1 1
d2

2P
= ) u (r :
S fluid

) ( 'Vout = 2 gh :

u x (r ) = 2V
(R 2
r2 ) :
R2
:
8L 32LV 8L 128L
= hf =V = =Q Q
S R 2
S d 2
S R 4
S d 4
r
( r ) = 4 V 2 :
R
 )(:
S Ud Ud 4Q
Re d = w = = :
d
) (
2
e e 5.74
f Moody Re, 0.25 log10 +
0.9
d 3 . 7 Re
d d
-:
2 2
V L 8Q L
= hL = f Moody + K 2 4 Moody
f +K
2g d g d d

D = U AD CD
1
2
2

L = 12 U 2 AL CL :

, T = F r , N = T , u (r ) = r :