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Anatomy of The Chest Wall and Lungs
Anatomy of The Chest Wall and Lungs
Fig. 2-8. Type II epithelial cell from a human lung. The alveolar surface is partially covered
by flaps of cytoplasm from type I epithelial cells up to the intercellular junctions at the
arrows. There are several lamellar bodies (LB) in the apical cytoplasm. Microvilli are present
on the exposed apical surface (19,000magnification). From Thurlbeck WM, Churg AM (eds):
Pathology of the Lung. 2nd ed. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, 1995, p. 18. With
permission.
The role of fetal lung movements in alveolar development is still debated. At one time, it was
thought that these movements created a net inspiration of amniotic fluid and that this influx
helped mold and form alveoli. It is now
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known that the net movement of fluid is from the lung to the amnion. DeBlasio and colleagues
Education & Reference (1960) demonstrated that aspiration of amniotic fluid does not occur in utero before labor. This
fact has important clinical significance. Gluck and co-workers (1971) noted that the presence of
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increasing levels of pulmonary surfactant expelled from the lungs into the amniotic milieu during
Professional & Technical the third trimester allows for calculation of a lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio in fluid drawn at
amniocentesis. This ratio is an accurate measure of fetal lung maturity and correlates with
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postnatal resistance to hyaline membrane disease in premature infants.
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