DESIGN OF A 2.

5 TONS ICE PLANT

Design Condition:

Production rate ....2.5 tons ice / day

Units to be installed . 1 unit

Capacity per unit 2.5 Tons of ice

Ice temperature 90C

Raw water temperature .... 260C

Brine temperature .... - 120C

Refrigerant .... Ammonia(NH3)

Process Description:

In the cans system of ice manufacture, standards ice cans are immersed in a brine

solution, which is cooled by the refrigerant in the evaporator coils, and which in turn

freezes the water in the ice can. The common refrigerant used an ice plant is ammonia.

The raw material used in ice production is raw water. Raw water is placed on

galvanized ice cans and are partially immersed in brine in the freezing tank.

Brine solution made of sodium chloride (NaCl) or calcium chloride is used. The

brine is chilled by ammonia refrigerant evaporating coil or brine cooler submerged in

freezing tanks. Raw water in ice cans, usually pre-cooled, is freeze by chilled brine

circulating around the cans.

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 In order to produce ice, air agitation is used to force the impurities and other

coloring matter to the center of the can as clear ice crystals form and grew inward from

the can surface. When only small amount of water is not freeze in the core, since this

amount contains the impurities, they are pumped out and replaced with cooled fresh

water.

The time required to freeze the water in order to form ice is obtained by the

formula,

7x 2
tf
32 t b

Where: tf = freezing time, in hrs.

x = thickness of ice block, in inches.

tb = brine temperature,0F

When the water freeze to form ice in the cans, a traveling crane picks up the ice in

group through the use of a hoist. The crane travels, transport and drop the ice cans into a

dip for thawing, then it moves toward the can dump where ice cakes slide of the can and

were delivered to a cold storage room.

Empty cans are again filled with fresh water and are brought back to the freezing

tank by the crane and the process is repeated continuously.

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 CHAPTER 1

DESIGN OF FREEZING TANK FOR 2.5 TON ICE PER DAY

Design Condition:

Production rate .... 2.5 tons per day

Units to be installed 1 units

Ice temperature 90C

Raw water temperature.. 260C

Brine temperature .. -120 C

Ice Can:

Standard dimensions 254mm x 127mm x 762mm

(10 5 30)

Weight of ice ...15 kg (33 lb)

Ground temperature.240 C

Atmospheric temperature....340 C

All temperatures where taken within the standard limits in ice making. Usual

temperature of commercial ice ranges from 80C to 100C and for design purposes, ice

temperature where taken to be 90C.

Brine temperature should be 20C to 40C lower than ice temperature, hence (tice

tbrine) = 30C is within the range. The brine temperature would be -12 0C

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 Standard ice can dimension (w x t) = 22 x 11 is taken at the top of the can. Ice

can is tapered 1 in all sides at the bottom to allow convenient removal of ice from the

can.

It has been decided to design three (3) separate freezing tanks, so that during

malfunctions of equipments for each tank, the plant may be able to continue using the

other

Freezing time required:

The freezing time required to freeze a can of water is given by the empirical

formula from Kents Mechanical Engineers Handbook.

7x 2
tf
32 t b

Where: tf = freezing time, in hrs.

x = thickness of ice block, in inches.

tb = brine temperature,0F

Solving for average thickness, x 5 10

5

30
54
x 4.5"
2

0. 4 0.
5 5

4
Solving for brine temperature, tb

5 32
t b 12 0 C 9

t b 10.4 0 F

Solving for freezing time, t

7 4.5
2
7x2
t 6.56 hrs
32 tb 32 10.4

Number of ice can needed:

Freezing Time
Wt. of ice Block
can
No. of ice can = Production Rate x

2.5tons of ice 2,000 lb ton 6.56hrs

x
24hrs 33 lb
can
=

= 41.41 cans

Therefore:

The total number of ice cans 42 cans

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Freezing tank dimensions:

The designer choose that:

Number of Cans wide and Cans long = 6 7=42 cans

Solving for the length of Freezing tank:

LFT = 7 1.25 254 mm

LFT = 2,222.5 mm

Solving for the width of Freezing tank:

WFT = 6 1.5 127 mm

WFT = 1,447 mm

Height of freezing tank required:

The height of freezing tank includes the following.

38.1 mm (1.5 in) Wood cover

38.1 mm (1.5 in) Allowance between the top of ice can and wood cover

762 mm (30 in) Height of ice can

38.1 mm (1.5 in) Allowance between the bottom ice can and steel plate

6.35 mm (0.25 in) Steel plate (serve as base of freezing tank)

88.9 mm (3.5 in ) Cork granulated insulation

114.3 mm (4.5 in) Tank concrete foundation

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Solve for the total height of freezing tank:

HT = (38.1+38.1+762+38.1+25.4+88.0+114.3) mm

HT = 1,105 mm = 1.105 m

SPECIFICATIONS

FREEZING TANK

Capacity ... 2.5 tons / day

No. of units to be install 1 units

Ice Temperature .... -90C (15.80F)

Brine Temperature -120C (10.40F)

Raw Water Temperature Available ... 26 0C (78.8 0F)

Standard dimensions 254mm x 127mm x 762mm

(10 5 30)

Weight of ice...... 15kg (33 lb/can)

Atmospheric temperature .. 340C (93.20F)

Ground temperature ...... .240C (75.20F)

Freezing time, tf 6.56 hrs.

No. of Ice cans, N 42 Ice cans per freezing tank

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 No. of Frezzing tank 1

Freezing tank dimensions

Cans wide 6 cans

Cans long 7 cans

Total length, L 2.2225 m

Total width, WT 1.143 m

Total height, H 1.105 m

Construction

Wall

Concrete (sand and gravel) ......114.3 mm

Cork granulated ..88.9 mm

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 Steel plate ..6.35 mm

Bottom

Concrete (sand and gravel)114.3 mm

Corkboard 88.9 mm

Steel plate 6.35 mm

Cover

Mahogany wood 38.1

mm

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