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/

.
.

 ,

 , 19 ,
, ,



 1960 1970


 ( )
 (, , )

6/2/2013

 /

14







, ,

 : 40%

;
240 kg

100




;


 ()

 /


;
 ;

 ;

 ;


;

11%


 7,3 .
2000-2005
 8,9 . 1990-2000


...

 40%
18%


90%
20
: Khan and Hanjra (2008)

 85%

100.000 1

1.400 1

: Botkin and Keller (2003)

140 1

900 1

: Botkin and Keller (2003)


2.000 1

1.000 1

: Botkin and Keller (2003)

: Khan and Hanjra (2008)


 (, , ..)


()

 1950 1990

 , 15-20

 : 1-2

 :
 1/3
( )
 1/10 ( )

 80%

40

 : +12%

 : +700%

 : +350%

 : +70%


Khan and Hanjra (2008)

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