S GDT TNH NINH BNH THI CHON HOC SINH GIOI LP 12 THPT

(ln 1)
NM HOC 2011 - 2012
CHNH THC
Mn: Hoa hoc Ngay thi th hai

Thi gian lm bi 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao

)
( thi gm 09 cu trong 02 trang)

Cu 1 (2,0 im):
Phenol v anilin lm mt mu dung dch brom. Toluen khng lm mt mu dung dch
brm. T kt qu thc nghim ny rt ra kt lun g? Anisol (metyl phenyl ete) c lm mt mu
dung dch brm khng? Nu cho dung dch brm t t vo cc cht P-Toluin (P- amino
toluen), P- Cresol (P-metyl phenol) theo t l mol ti a l 1:1, th thu c nhng sn phm
no? Gii thch ngn gn.
Cu 2 )2,5 im):
1. Vit cu trc Lewis ca NO 2 v nu dng hnh hc ca n. D on dng hnh hc ca
ion NO 2 v ion NO 2 . So snh hnh dng ca 2 ion vi NO2.
2. 1200 v 1080 l s o gc lin kt quan st c trong hai hp cht trimetylamin v
(H3Si)3N (trisilylamin). Hy gn tr s o gc lin kt cho mi hp cht v gii thch s khc
bit ny.
3. Phn ng ca NaNO3 trong nc vi hn hng Na/Hg cng nh phn ng ca
C2H5NO2 (etylnitrit) vi NH2OH (hydroxylamin) c mt natrietoxit cho cng mt sn phm.
Sn phm ny l mui ca mt axit yu khng bn cha nit, axit ny ng phn ha thnh mt
sn phm c ng dng trong thnh phn nhin liu tn la. Vit cng thc cu trc ca axit v
ng phn ni trn.
Cu 3 (1,5 im):
Acrolein (prop-2-enal) c cng thc CH2 = CH CH = O, 250C v 100 kPa n trng
thi lng.
1. Tnh Nhit to thnh chun ca n 250C khi bit:

H0 298 K theo kJ.mol 1: H0 t chy C3H4O = 1628,53;
H0 ho hi C3H4O = 20,9; H0 sinh H2O (l) = 285,83;
H0 sinh CO2 (k) = 393,51; H0 thng hoa C(r) = 716,7.
2. Tnh Nhit to thnh chun ca n 250C khi bit cc tr s nng lng lin kt:

1
 Lin kt
Nng lng
HH CC C=C C=O CH O=O

kJ. mol 1 436 345 615 743 415 498

3. So snh kt qu ca 2 phn trn v gii thch.

Cu 4 (2,0 im):
Phn ng chuyn ho mt loi khng sinh trong c th ngi nhit 37 0C c hng s
tc bng 4,2.105 (s1). Vic iu tr bng loi khng sinh trn ch c kt qu nu hm
lng khng sinh lun lun ln hn 2,0 mg trn 1,0 kg trng lng c th. Mt bnh nhn nng
58,0 kg ung mi ln mt vin thuc cha 300,0 mg khng sinh .
1. Hi bc ca phn ng chuyn ho?
2. Khong thi gian gia 2 ln ung thuc k tip l bao lu?
3. Khi bnh nhn st n 38,50C th khong cch gia 2 ln ung thuc thay i nh th
no? Bit nng lng hot ho ca phn ng bng 93,322 kJ.mol1.
Cu 5 (2,5 im):
Mt dung dch A cha 2 mui Na2SO3 v Na2S2O3. Cho Cl2 d i qua 100 ml dung
dch A ri thm vo hn hp sn phm mt lng d dung dch BaCl 2 thy tch ra 0,647 gam
kt ta. Thm vo 100ml dung dch A mt t h tinh bt, sau chun dung dch A n khi
mu xanh bt u xut hin th dng ht 29 ml dung dch it 0,05 M.
1. Vit phng trnh ho hc v tnh nng mol mi cht trong dung dch A.
2. Nu trong th nghim trn thay Cl2 bng HCl th lng kt ta tch ra bng bao nhiu?
Cu 6 (1,5 im):
Mt trong cc phng php tng hp phenol l i t toluen bng 3 giai on. Oxi ho
toluen bng oxi khng kh pha lng vi xc tc (mui Coban axetat) 70 0C - 900C; oxi ho
tip sn phm 2200C - 2450C cng bng oxi khng kh vi s c mt ca mui ng benzoat
v magie; cui cng thu phn ri decacboxyl ho. Hy vit cc phng trnh ho hc v cu
to cc sn phm to ra trong qu trnh tng hp trn.
Cu 7 (2,0 im):
Khi un nng 2-metyl-xiclohexan-1,3-dion vi but-3-en-2-on trong kim ngi ta thu
c mt hp cht hu c (sn phm chnh) c cng thc C11H14O2. Hy vit cu to ca sn
phm ny v gii thch qu trnh to ra n.
Cu 8 (2,0 im):
1. Nu phng php thch hp tch hn hp sau thnh cc cht lng nguyn cht:
Benzandehit; N,N-dimetylanilin; Clobenzen; p-Crezol v Axitbenzoic.
2. Hy sp xp cc cht sau y theo th t tng dn lc baz v gii thch:
CO(NH2)2 ; (CH3)4NOH ; CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2 ; CH2=CH-CH2-NH2 ; p-CH3-C6H5-NH2 ;
Anilin;

2
p-Nitroanilin.
Cu 9 (4,0 im):
Axit xitric (axit 2-hidroxi-1,2,3 propan tricacboxylic) l mt axit quan trng nht trong
qu chanh, gy nn v chua.
1. Axit xitric bin i nh th no khi un nh vi H2SO4 c 450C500C?
Vit cu trc v tn IUPAC ca sn phm to ra. Loi axit hu c no s c phn ng tng t?
2. Sau khi un nh axit xitric vi axit sunfuric, thm anisol (metoxi benzen) vo hn hp
phn ng th thu c sn phm A (C12H12O5). Cn 0,001 mol KOH trung ho 118mg A.
Cng lng cht A phn ng vi ti a 80mg brom to thnh sn phm cng. Khi un nng vi
anhidrit axetic, A to mt anhidrit. Suy ra cu trc ca A.
3. Hy xc nh cc ng phn c th c ca A trong phn ng ny v cho bit cu trc,
cu hnh tuyt i v tn gi theo IUPAC ca chng.
4. Trong phn ng brom ha c th thu c bao nhiu ng phn
lp th ca A? Vit cng thc chiu Fise ca chng v k hiu theo R, S
cc tm lp th .
5. Thay v anisol, nu thm phenol v resorcinol (c cu to nh HO OH
hnh v) Resorcinol
ring r vo hn hp phn ng, ln lt thu c hp cht B v C. Cht B
khng nhum mu vi FeCl3 trung tnh, nhng C li c th nhum mu. Vi cc iu kin phn
ng nh nhau, cht C c to thnh nhiu hn hn so vi B.
- Hy cho bit cu trc ca B v C.
- C g khc bit gia phn ng to thnh A v B?
- V sao hiu sut to thnh C ln hn B?

(Cho: Br = 80; Ba = 137; S = 32; O = 16; C = 12; H = 1)

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H v tn th sinh :.......................................................S bo danh ..............................................
Gim thi 1: H v tn:.................................................Ch ky

Gim thi 2: H v tn:.................................................Ch ky