LIFE ORGANIZATION

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL

 Cell
☺ The cell is the basic unit of life.
☺ Smallest unit from a certain of
living thing is cell.
 Cell observer
 Robert Hook (1665)
 Matthias Schleiden andThomas Schwan
(1839) discovered theory of cell.
 Living cells are divided into two
types.
 Eucaryotic:
 The cells of protozoa, higher plants and
animals are highly structured.
 they have membran
 Example : Protista, plant and animal cell
 Procaryotic:
 These cells are simple in structure, with no
recognizable organelles.
 They have an outer cell wall that gives them
shape.
 Just under the rigid cell wall is the more fluid
cell membrane.
 Example: bacteria and blue-green alga
 Cells shape
 Stretched  Round and flat

(ex. Neural cell) (ex. Blood Cell)

 Cells shape

Epithel cell

Bacteria cell
Animal cell structure
 Cell structure
1.Cell Wall
 plant cells have a rigid wall
surrounding the plasma membrane and
surrounds a plant cell.
 This layer of cellulose fiber gives the
cell most of functions its support,
structure and protecting the cell.
 Cell structure
2. Plasma Membrane
 In prokaryotes  picture
and plants, the
membrane is the
inner layer of
protection
surrounded by a
rigid cell wall.
 function :
regulate the
passage of
molecules in and
out of the cells.
 Cell structure
3. Cytoplasm
 cell part shaped liquid thick which be
located between plasma membrane
and nucleus.
 Cell structure
4. Chloroplasts
 The most important  picture
characteristic of plants
is their ability to
photosynthesize, in
effect, to make their
own food by converting
light energy into
chemical energy. This
process is carried out in
specialized
organelles called
chloroplasts.
 Cell structure
5. Nucleus
 The nucleus is a highly  picture
specialized
organelle that serves as the
information processing and
administrative center of the
cell.
 This organelle has two major
functions: it stores the cell's
hereditary material, or DNA,
and it coordinates the cell's
activities, which include
growth, intermediary
metabolism, controlling
protein synthesis, and
reproduction (cell division).
 Cell structure
6.  Smooth and Rough
Endoplasmic Reti
culum
–
the function to
synthesis protein

Kinds of ER:
a. rough endoplasmic
reticulum - is covered with
ribosomes
b. smooth endoplasmic
reticulum - Smooth ER
transport materials through
the cell.
 Cell structure
7. Golgi Apparatus
 The function of
particle
secretion
 Cell structure
8. Mitochondria
the function of
cell respiration
 Cell structure
9. Microtubules
These straight, hollow
cylinders are found
throughout the cytoplasm
of all eukaryotic cells
(prokaryotes don't have
them) and carry out a
variety of functions,
ranging from transport to
structural support.
 Cell structure
10. Ribosomes
small organelles composed of RNA-
rich cytoplasmic granules that are
sites of protein synthesis.
 Cell structure

11. Vacuole
Each plant cell has a large, single
vacuole that stores compounds, helps in
plant growth, and plays an important
structural role for the plant
 Cell structure

12. Lisosom
the function as organel intra-cell
adsorption
Plant and animal cell
 Difference of plant and animal
cells
 Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do
not.
 Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells
do not.
 Plant cells generally have a more rectangular
shape because the cell wall is more rigid.
Animal cells have irregular shape because
they do not have a cell wall.
 Plants cells usually have one or more large
vacuole (s), while animal cells have smaller
vacuoles. 
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