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MATHEMATICSFORM1

PERCENTAGE

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PERCENTAGES

A)ExpressingPercentagesasthe
NumberofPartsinevery100

1.Thesymbolforpercentageis%.

2.Apercentageisafractioninwhichthe

denominatoris100.

Forexample:

9=9%
100

32=32%
100

3.Convercely,percentagescanbeexpressed

asfractions.

Forexample:

24=24%
100

122=122%
100

WorkedExample

Expresseachofthefollowingasapercentage.

(a)72
100

(b)102
100

Solution

(a)72=72%
100

(b)102=102%
100

WorkedExample

Convertthefollowingtofractionwith100

astheirdenominators.
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(a)6%(b)75%

Solution

(a)6%=6
100

(b)75%=75
100

B)ChangingaFractionorDecimalto
aPercentageandviceversa

1.Wecanchangeafractionoradecimalto

apercentagebymultiplyingitby100.

WorkedExample

Convertthefollowingtopercentages.

(a)1(b)13
2200

Solution

(a)1=1x100
22

WorkedExample

Converteachofthefollowingtoafraction.

(a)0.6

(b)1.02

Solution

(a)0.6=0.6x100%

=60%

(b)1.02=1.02x100%

=102%

Whenconvertingapercentagetoafractionora

decimal,firstchangethepercentagetoafraction

with100asitsdenominator.

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WorkedExample

Converteachofthefollowingtoafraction.

(a)140%

Solution

WorkedExample

Convertthefollowingtodecimals.

(a)55%

(b)324%

Solution

(a)55%=55
100

=0.55

(b)324%=324
100

=3.24

COMPUTATIONSANDPROBLEMSOLVING

A)FindingthePercentageofaQuantity

WorkedExample

Find

(a)51%of600,
2

(b)36%of50buttons,

(c)120%ofRM800.

Solution

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B)ExpressingOneNumberasa
PercentageofAnother

Ingeneral,toexpressonenumber,y,asa

percentageofanothernumber,z,we

(a)writeyasafractionofz,

(b)multiplythefractionyby100%toconvert
z
ittoapercentage.

WorkedExample

Findthepercentageofthefollowing.

(a)8of10

(b)50senofRM1

Solution

C)FindingaNumberwhengiventhepercentage

WorkedExample

Findtheoriginalvalueif30%oftheoriginal

valueis12.

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Solution

D)FindingPercentageofIncreaseorDecrease

WorkedExample

Findthepercentageofincreaseordecreaseof

thefollowing.

(a)200isincreasedby50.

(b)25isdecreasedto10.

Solution

E)ProblemSolving

iFindingthechangeinvalueandthefinal

value

1.Tofindtheincreaseinvalue,usethe

formulabelow:

2.Tofindthefinalvalue,useanyoneofthe

formulabelow:

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WorkedExample

Thepopulationofavilllagewas2000.Ithas

increasedby10%after5years.Findthenew

populationofthevillage.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Numberofpopulation=2000

Percentageofincrease=10%

Find:Thenewpopulation

2.Deviseaplan

Findtheincreaseinpopulation,thenadd

tothenumberofpopulation.

3.Carryouttheplan

Increaseinpopulation

=10%of2000

=200people

Therefore,thenewpopulationofthevillage

is2200people.

4.Check

3.Tofindthedecreaseinvalue,usetheformula:

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4.Useanyofthefollowingformulatofindthefinal

value:

WorkedExample

Avesselcontained80litersofwater.30%ofwater

wasused.Find

(a)theamountofwaterused,

(b)theamountofwaterleft.

Solution

(a)Amountofwaterused

=24liters

4.Amountofwaterleft

=80liters24liters

=56liters

ii)Findingtheoriginalvaluewhengiventhe

percentagechangeandthefinalvalue

WorkedExample

Aftera20%decreaseinmass,aboyweights40

kg.Findhismassbeforethedecrease.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Percentageofdecrease=20%

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Finalvalue=40kg

Find:Themassbeforethedegrease

2.Deviseaplan

Usetheunitarymethod.

3.Carryouttheplan

Newmassis80%ofoldmass=40kg

1%=40kg
80

=50kg

4.Check

Percentageofdecrease

iii)Findingprofitandloses

1.Aprofitoccurswhenthesellingprice

ishigherthanthecostprice.

2.Whenthesellingpriceislowerthanthe

costprice,alossisincurred.

3.Profitandlosscanbecalculatedbyusing

thefollowingformula:

4.Useoneofthefollowingformulatofind

thepercentageofprofitorpercentageof

loss.

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WorkedExample

Theprofitmadeonthesaleofacamera

is12%ofthecostprice.Ifthecostprice

isRM50,findtheprofit.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Percentageofprofit=12%

Costprice=RM50

Find:Theprofit

2.Deviseaplan

Useprofitformula.

3.Carryouttheplan

Profit=PercentageofprofitxCostprice

Therefore,theprofitisRM6.

4.Check

Percentageofprofit

5.Theunitarymethodcanbeusedtofind

thecostprice.

WorkedExample

AdinasoldhisbicycleforRM270ataloss

of40%.Findthecostpriceofthebicycle.
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Solution

60%ofcostprice=RM270

1%=RM270
60

Therefore,thecostpriceofthebicycleis

RM450.

Check:

Sellingprice=60%*RM450

iv)Findingsimpleinterest

1.Simpleinterest(I)istheamountofmoney

earnedonsavingsortobepaidonloans

withbanksandfinancecompaniesatafixed

rate(R)overaperiodoftime(T),inyears.

2.Themoneydepositedorloanediscalledthe

principal(P).

3.Simpleinterestandtherateinpercentagea

yeararecalculatedasfollows:

WorkedExample

PuanAsnizatookabankloanRM8000.Ifthe

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simpleinterestpaidisRM1280for2years,

calculatethesimpleinterestrate.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Principal=RM8000

Simpleinterest=RM1280

Time=2years

Find:Thesimpleinterestrate

2.Deviseaplan

Usesimpleinterestrateformula.

3.Carryouttheplan

Simpleinterestrate

=Simpleinterestx100%
PrincipalxTime

Therefore,thesimpleinterestrateis8%ayear.

4.Check

4.Theprincipalcanbecalculatebytheformula:

WorkedExample

Jackyputhismoneyinabanktoearna

simpleinterestatarateof81%ayear.
2

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Howmuchmoneydidheputinifhegets

aninterestofRM765in3years?

Solution

Simpleinterestfor1year

Check:Simpleinterest

v)Findingdividends

1.Dividendisapartoftheprofitthata

companygivestoitsshareholders.

2.Dividendandpercentageofdividend

canbecalculatebyusingtheformulae:

WorkedExample

Acompanypays6%dividend.Findthedividend
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ChongreceivesforaRM7000investment.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Percentageofdividend=6%

Amountinvested=RM7000

Find:Thedividend

2.Deviseaplan

Usedividendformulae.

3.Carryouttheplan

Dividend
Amount
=Percentageofdividendx
invested

Therefore,Chongreceivesadividendof

RM420.

4.Check

Percentageofdividend

WorkedExample

KasimreceivesadividendofRM5500onhis

investmentofRM50000inacompany.Find

thepercentageofdividenddeclaredbythe

company.

Solution

Percentageofdividend

=Dividend__x100%
Amountinvested

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Therefore,thecompanygivesadividendof

11%.

vi)Calculatingcommissions

1.Acommissionisanearningpaidtoanagent

onhistotalsalesofaproduct.

2.Commissionandthepercentageofcommission

canbecalculatedbyusingtheformilae:

WorkedExample

Asasalesman,Dewigetsacommissionof5%

onthesalevalueofajewellerysoldatpriceof

RM6000.Whatisthecommissionshegets?

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Percentageofcommission=5%

TotalsalesvalueRM6000

Find:Thecommission

2.Deviseaplan

Usecommissionformulae.

3.Carryouttheplan

Commission=PercentageofxTotalsales
commissionvalue

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Therefore,thecommissionshegetsisRM300.

4.Check

WorkedExample

AhWahreceivedRM7360ascommissionfora

RM92000househesold.Whatisthepercentage

ofhiscommission?

Solution

Percentageofcommission

=Commissionx100%
Totalsalesvalue

vii)Calculatingdiscount

1.Discountistheamounttakenofffromthe

listpriceortheoriginalprice.

Discount=OriginalpriceSellingprice

2.Theformulaeforcalculatingdiscountand

thepercentageofdiscountareasfollows:

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WorkedExample

TheoriginalpriceofatelevisionsetisRM2000.

ItissoldforRM1700afteradiscount.Findthe

percentageofdiscountgiven.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Originalprice=RM2000

Sellingprice=RM1700

Find:Thepersentageofdiscount

2.Deviseaplan

Findthediscount,thenusepercentageof

discountformulae.

3.Carryouttheplan

Discount=OriginalpriceSellingprice

=RM2000RM1700

=RM300

percentageofdiscount

=Discountx100%
Originalprice

Therefore,thepercentageofdiscountgiven
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is15%.

4.Check

Discount=15%*RM2000

WorkedExample

Findtheoriginalpriceofabookifitissoldfor

RM48aftera40%discount.

Solution

Therefore,theoriginalpriceofthebookisRM80.

WorkedExample

TheoriginalpriceofahandbagisRM245.

Ifadiscountof20%isgivenatasale,find

thediscountgiveninRM.

Solution

Discount

=PercentageofdiscountxOriginalprice

Therefore,thediscountisRM49.

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