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Bi ging K thut x l nc thi Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Chng 4: X L NC THI BNG PHNG

SINH HC
X l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc l da vo kh nng sng v hot ng
ca VSV c kh nng phn ho nhng hp cht hu c.
Cc cht hu c sau khi phn ho tr thnh nc, nhng cht v c hay cc kh n
gin.
C 2 loi cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc:
- iu kin t nhin.
- iu kin nhn to.
4.1. CNG TRNH X L NC THI TRONG IU KIN T NHIN

4.1.1. Cnh ng ti cng cng v bi lc
Trong nc thi sinh hot cha mt hm lng N, P, K kh ng k. Nh vy, nc
thi l mt ngun phn bn tt c lng N thch hp vi s pht trin ca thc vt.
T l cc nguyn t dinh dng trong nc thi thng l 5:1:2 = N:P:K.
Nc thi CN cng c th s dng nu chng ta loi b cc cht c hi.
s dng nc thi lm phn bn, ng thi gii quyt x l nc thi theo iu

kin t nhin ngi ta dng cnh ng ti cng cng v cnh ng lc.
Nguyn tc hot ng : Vic x l nc thi bng cnh ng ti, cnh ng lc da

trn kh nng gi cc cn nc trn mt t, nc thm qua t nh i qua lc, nh
c oxy trong cc l hng v mao qun ca lp t mt, cc VSV hiu kh hot ng
phn hy cc cht hu c nhim bn. Cng su xung, lng oxy cng t v qu trnh
oxy ha cc cht hu c cng gim xung dn. Cui cng n su ch xy ra
qu trnh kh nitrat. xc nh c qu trnh oxy ha nc thi ch xy ra lp
t mt su ti 1.5m. V vy cc cnh ng ti v bi lc thng c xy dng
nhng ni c mc nc ngun thp hn 1.5m so vi mt t.
Nguyn tc xy dng: Cnh ng ti v bi lc l nhng mnh t c san phng
hoc to dc khng ng k v c ngn cch to thnh cc bng cc b t. Nc
thi phn b vo cc bng h thng mng li phn phi gm : mng chnh, mng
phn phi v h thng ti trong cc . Nu khu t ch dng x l nc thi, hoc
cha nc thi khi cn thit gi l bi lc.
Cnh ng ti, bi lc thng c xy dng nhng ni c dc t nhin, cch

xa khu dn c v cui hng gi. Xy dng nhng ni t ct, ct, cng c th
ni t st, nhng vi tiu chun ti khng cao v m bo t c th thm kp.
Din tch mi khng nh hn 3 ha, i vi nhng cnh ng cng cng din tch
trung bnh cc ly t 5 n 8 ha, chiu di ca nn ly khong 300-1500 m, chiu
rng ly cn c vo a hnh. Mc nc ngm v cc bin php ti khng vt qu
10 -200 m.
Trang 95
Cnh ng ti cng cng v cnh ng lc thng xy dng vi i~0,02
S cnh ng ti
1. Mng chnh v mng phn phi; 2. Mng, rnh phn phi trong
cc ; 3. Mng tiu nc; 4. ng tiu nc; 5. ng i
Khong cch v sinh ph thuc vo cng sut:

+ i vi bi lc:
- l=300m; Q=200-5000 m3/ng.
- l=500m; Q=5000-50000 m3/ng.
- l=1000m; Q>50000 m3/ng.
+ i vi cnh ng ti
- l=200m; Q=200-5000 m3/ng.
- l=400m; Q=5000-50000 m3/ng.
- l=1000m; Q>50000 m3/ng.
Mng l ti bao gm:
+ Mng chnh
+ Mng phn phi
+ H thng mng li ti trong cc
+ H thng tiu nc (nu nc khng thm t) . ( Chiu su ng tiu: 1,2-2m)
Kch thc cc ph thuc vo a hnh
+ Cnh ng ti: STB = 5-8 ha
R 1 1
=
D 4 8
+ i vi bi lc th nh hn
+ Tuy nhin chiu di : D = 300-1500 ; R = 100-200
xc nh din tch ca cnh ng ti ngi ta phn bit cc loi tiu chun:
1- T/C tiTB ngy m (m3/ng..ha.nm)
2- T/C ti theo v (lng nc ti trong sut t/g mt v).
3- T/C ti 1 ln (lng nc ti 1 ln).
Trang 96
4- T/C ti bn (lng nc cho 1 loi cy trng xut pht t kh nng bn ca nc
thi).
Din tch thc dng ca cnh ng ti, bi lc:
Q
Ftd = q (ha)
o
Vi:
+ qo: T/C ti nc ly theo cc bng sau
Tiu chun ti i vi cnh ng cng cng
to TB nm ca Tiu chun ti ((m3/ha.ng.)

Loi cy trng
KK st ct Ct
Vn 45 60 80
6-9,5oC
ng 25 30 40
Vn 60 70 85
9,5-11oC
ng 30 35 45
Vn 70 80 90
11-15 oC
ng 35 40 45
Loi cy trng T/C ti (m3/ha)

Bp ci sm v xp l 2500-6300
Bp ci mun 5000-7000
C chua 4000-4500
C ci 3000-6500
Khoai ty 1800-2500
Hnh ti, rau thm 5000-10000
T/C ph thuc mc nc ngm

1.5m 2.0m 3.0m
6-11oC 70 75 85
A st 11-15 oC 80 85 100
o
6-11 C 160 130 235
Ct o
11-15 C 180 210 350
Mi cnh ng c mt vng t d tr
Q qo
Fdt = q = Ftdq
dt dt
Vi:
qo
+ (q = 0.3-0.5)
dt
+ : h s k n vic lng nc thi khu vc d tr lun nh hn d nh v n
ph thuc vo to
t < 10oC = 0.75
t > 10oC = 0.5
Tng din tch ca cnh ng
F = Fdt + Ftd + K(Fdt + Ftd)

Vi:
Trang 97
+ K(Fdt + Ftd): phn cng trnh ph, b chn, knh mng)
+ K = (0.15-0.25), thng K = 0.25
Vn tc ti:
+ h = 1.0 m v = 0.15-0.85m/s
+ h 1.0 m v = voh0.2
h: chiu su TB ca dng chy (m).
vo: vn tc khi chiu su dng chy h = 1m.
dc: I = 0.001-0.0005
Lu lng tnh ton cho mng li :
Ftd.m mFtd.1000
q= t = t.3600 (l/s)
Vi:
+ m: T/C ti cho loi cy ch yu
+ t: t/g ti
Lu lng nc tnh ton tiu nc:
qoT 3
qt = t (m /ha.ng.)
Vi:
+ qo: T/C ti (m3/ha.ng.)
+ T: t/g gia cc ln ti trong ngy (h).
+ t: t/g tiu nc (0.4-0.5)T
V nc khng ng u nn nhn thm h s n (=1.5):
1000
qmt = qt.n.86400 (l/s.ha)
(modun dng chy tiu nc)
Lu lng tnh cho 1 ng:
q1 = F1. qm.t (F1: din tch phc v)
bl
F1 = 10000 (ha)
Vi:
+ b: khong cch gia cc ng tiu nc.
+ l: chiu di ng tiu.
2 k
l = 629(H-h) p
Vi:
+ H: chiu su chn cng
+ h: chiu su ca lp t cn tiu nc
+ k: h s thm
Kch thc ht t
Loi t H s thm (cm/s)
(mm)
Ct 1.22-0.12 1-0.01
A ct 0.12-0.076 0.01-0.004
Trang 98
A st 0.076-0.038 0.004-0.001
St thm nc 0.038 0.001
+ P: chiu cao lp nc tiu i trong ngy
h
qoT H
P=
t.1000
ho
b
4.1.2. Cnh ng ti nng nghip:
T lu ngi ta cng ngh n vic s dng nc thi nh ngun phn bn ti ln cc
cnh ng nng nghip nhng vng ngoi .
Theo ch nc ti ngi ta chia thnh 2 loi:
- Thu nhn nc thi quanh nm
- Thu nc thi theo ma
Khi thu hoch, gieo ht hoc v ma ma ngi ta li gi tr nc thi trong cc m h (h
nui c, h sinh hc, h iu ha,) hoc x ra cnh ng c, cnh ng trng cy a nc
hay hay vo vng d tr.
Chn loi cnh ng no l ty thuc vo c im thot nc ca vng v loi cy trng
hin c
Trc khi a vo cnh ng , nc thi phi c x l s b qua song chn rc, b lng ct
hoc b lng. Tiu chun ti ly thp hn cnh ng cng cng v c kin chuyn gia
nng nghip.
b
4.1.3. H sinh hc:

Cu to: H sinh vt l cc ao h c ngun gc t nhin hoc nhn to, cn gi l h oxy ha,
h n nh nc thi, Trong h sinh vt din ra qu trnh oxy ha sinh ha cc cht hu c
nh cc loi vi khun, to v cc loi thy sinh vt khc.
Nguyn tc hot ng: Vi sinh vt s dng oxy sinh ra t ru to trong qu trnh quang hp
cng nh oxy ha t khng kh oxy ha cc cht hu c, rong to li tiu th CO2,
photphat v nitrat amon sinh ra t s phn hy, oxy ha cc cht hu c bi vi sinh vt. h
hot ng bnh thng cn phi gi gi tr pH v nhit ti u. Nhit khng c thp
Trang 99
hn 60C. Theo qu trnh sinh ha, ngi ta chia h sinh vt ra cc loi:h hiu kh, h k kh
v h ty nghi.
H sinh hc dng x l nc thi bng sinh hc ch yu da vo qu trnh lm sch
ca h.
Ngoi vic x l nc thi cn c nhim v:
+ Nui trng thu sn.
+ Ngun nc ti cho cy trng.
+ iu ho dng chy.
C cc loi sau y:
+ H k kh.
+ H k hiu kh
+ H hiu kh.
4.1.3.1_ H k kh
a/ c im
o Dng lng v phn hu cn lng bng PP sinh hc t nhin da trn s phn
gii ca VSV k kh.
o Chuyn dng x l nc thi CN nhim bn.
o Khong cch v sinh (cch XN thc phm): 1.5-2 km.
o Chiu su: h = 2.4-3.6.m
b/ Tnh ton: ch yu l theo kinh nghim
o Sk kh = (10-20%) Sk hu kh
o t/g lu
+ Ma h: 1.5 ngy
+ Ma ng: > 5 ngy
o E% BOD
+ Ma h: 65-80%
+ Ma ng: 45-65%
c/ Lu
o H c 2 ngn d phng (tho bn, )
o Ca cho nc thi vo phi t chm
o S < 0.5 ha: 1 ming x
o S > 0.5 ha: b sung thm
o Ca ly nc thit k ging thu nc b mt.
4.1.3.2_ H k hiu kh: thng gp
Trong h xy ra 2 qu trnh song song
+ Oxy ho hiu kh.
+ Phn hy metan cn lng.
C 3 lp:
+ Hiu kh
+ Trung gian
+ K kh
Ngun oxy cp ch yu l do qu trnh quang hp rong to.
Qu trnh k kh y ph thuc vo to.
Chiu su ca h k hiu kh: 0.9-1.5 m.
TNH TON
1/ Chiu su ca h: 0.9-1.5 m
D 1 2
2/ T l chiu di v rng: R = (1 : 1)
3/ Vng c gi: S rng ; Vng t gi: H c nhiu ngn
4/ Nu y d thm ph lp t st S = 15 cm
Trang 100
5/ B h c mi dc:
+ Trong (1:1 1.5:1)
+ Ngoi (2:1 2.5:1)
6/ Nn trng c dc h (cch mt taly v y 30 cm phi gia c b tng).
7/ Cu to ca vo v ca ra:
ng dn
nc
Mc nc H
ng dn
nc
Mc nc H
1
Tm ngn ni Ong dn nc ra
8/ Hiu qu x l
Lt 1
E = L = 1 + kt
a t
Vi:
+ La: BOD5 nc thi (mg/l)
+ Lt: BOD5 x l
+ t: t/g lu nc thi
+ kt: H s ph thuc vo to
kt =k20 . C (T - 20)
k20 = (0.5-1): nc thi sinh hot

k20 = (0.3-2.5): nc thi CN
C = (1.035-1.074): h t nhin
C = (1.045): tip kh nhn to
T: nhit h (oC)
9/ Thi gian lu nc:
La - Lt
t = k .L
t t
Trang 101
10/ Ti lng BOD5: BOD5 = 11.2(1.054)(1.8T + 32)
4.1.3.3. H hiu kh: Oxy ho cc cht HC nh VSV hiu kh. C 2 loi:
a/ H lm thong t nhin: cp oxy ch yu do khuych tn khng kh qua mt nc v
quang hp ca cc thc vt.
Chiu su ca h: 30-50 cm.
Ti trng BOD: 250-300 kg/ha.ngy.
t/g lu nc: 3-12 ngy.
Din tch h ln.
b/ H lm thong nhn to: cp oxy bng kh nn, my khuy,
Chiu su: h = 2-4.5 m.
Ti trng BOD: 400 kg/ha.ngy.
Thi gian lu: 1-3 ngy.
Tuy nhin hot ng nh h k hiu kh.
V d p dng: Tnh h sinh hc cho cng trnh x l nc thi khu th vi cc s liu cho sau
y:
Cc s liu u vo tnh ton:

Lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi trong ngy m: Q = 2988,6 m3/ng;
Hm lng cht l lng: 52,5 mg/L;
Hm lng NOS20 sau x l: 140 mg/L;
Nhit ca nc thi: 250C.
S liu u ra cn t:
Hm lng cht l lng 25 mg/L
Hm lng NOS20 70 mg/L
Chn h sinh hc hiu kh hai bc vi lm thong t nhin tnh ton thit k. Phng php tnh
ton da theo TCXD-51-84, ph lc E, mc 6.
a. Tnh ton h sinh hc bc I:
Gi s rng hiu qu x l nc thi h sinh vt bc I t 30%. Nh vy, hm lng NOS20 ca
nc thi ra khi h bc I s l 140 x 70% = 98 mg/L. Thi gian lu nc ti h bc I c tnh theo
cng thc:
1 L 1 140
t1 = lg a = lg = 3,5 ngy m
1 K1 Lt 0,35 0,1258 98
Trong :
1 : H s s dng th tch h: chn t l B:L = 1:1 - 1:3, 1 = 0,35;
K1 : Hng s nhit , ng vi nhit nc thi h bc I l 250C, ta c:
K 1 = 0,1 1,047 (25 20 ) = 0,1258 ;
La : Hm lng NOS20 dn vo h bc I;
Lt : Hm lng NOS20 t h bc I dn vo h bc II.
Th tch h bc I c tnh theo cng thc:
W1 = Qngd
tb
t1 = 2988,6 3,5 10460 m3
Din tch mt thong ca h bc I c tnh theo cng thc:
Trang 102
tb
Qngd C p (La Lt ) 2988,6 8,58 (140 98)
F1 = = 74279 m2
a (C p C 0 ) Tr 0,9 (8,58 5) 4,5
Trong :
Cp : Lng oxy ha tan tng ng vi nhit ca nc trong h, ly Cp = 8,58 mg/L;
C0 : Hm lng oxy ha tan trong nc ra khi h, ly = 5 - 6 mg/L;
La : Hm lng NOS20 dn vo h bc I;
Lt : Hm lng NOS20 t h bc I dn vo h bc II;
Tr : ha tan t nhin ca khng kh vo nc ng vi thiu ht oxy bng 1, ly
bng 4 - 6 g/m3.ng, chn Tr = 4,5 g/m3.ng;
a : H s c trng tnh cht b mt ca h:
Khi b h khc khuu, a = 0,5 - 0,6;
Khi b h bnh thng, a = 0,8 - 0,9, ly a = 0,9.
Chn thit k h sinh hc bc I gm 4 n nguyn, ta tnh c kch thc mi h sinh hc
bc I trn mt bng c chn nh sau:
74279
L1 B1 = 18570 = 150m 125m
4
Chiu su lp nc ca h sinh vt bc I:
W1 10460
H1 = = = 0,56 m
F1 18570
b. Tnh ton h sinh hc bc II:
Thi gian lu nc ti h bc I c tnh theo cng thc:
1 L 1 98
t2 = lg t = lg = 1,6 ngy m
2 K 2 Lr 0,8 0,1148 70
Trong :
2 : H s s dng th tch h, 2 = 0,8 ng vi t l B : L n 1 : 30;
K2 : Hng s nhit , ng vi nhit nc thi h bc II l 230C, ta c:
K 2 = 0,1 1,047 (23 20 ) = 0,1148 ;
Lt : Hm lng NOS20 dn vo h bc II;
Lr : Hm lng NOS20 cn t sau x l.
Th tch h bc II c tnh theo cng thc:
W2 = Qngd
tb
t 2 = 2988,6 1,6 4755 m3
Din tch mt thong ca h bc I c tnh theo cng thc:
tb
Qngd C p (Lt Lr ) 2988,6 8,58 (98 70 )
F2 = = 49520 m2
a (C p C0 ) Tr 0,9 (8,58 5) 4,5
Chn thit k h sinh hc bc II gm 2 n nguyn, ta tnh c kch thc mi h sinh hc
bc II trn mt bng c chn nh sau:
Trang 103
49520
L2 B2 = 24760 = 160m 155m
2
Chiu su lp nc ca h sinh vt bc II:
W2 4755
H2 = = 0,2 m
F2 24760
4.2. CNG TRNH X L SINH HC NHN TO

4.2.1. B lc sinh hc (B Biophin)( c lp vt liu khng ngp nc)
CHI TIET THAP LOC SINH HOC

CAU THANG
CHI TIET 1
800
DAN PHAN PHOI NC

3125
VAT LIEU LOC

4000
00
70
GIA VAT LIEU LOC
600
400
70
3000
00
300
350 150 COT 300 x 300 mm
0
50
0
50
50
A-A
60
0
00
50
10
70
3000
15000
230
40
70
150 750 230
00
00
150
300 300 150

300
300 4753 4754 4753
750
300
4753
COT 300*300
CHI TIET 1
2000
DAN ON G PHAN PHOI NC 4 GOC THAP
NC VAO
T LE 1:2
300
CA NC RA
THANG THAM CAC H BO TR HE THON G PHAN PHOI NC

30
17260
15460
4754
1000
1000
A A
1000
300
1000
500
1000
1000
4753
ON G NC TUAN HOAN
1000
T MAY EP BUN
VAT LIEU LOC
1000
230 300
BE TUAN HOAN
T LE 1:15
1000
750
2000 850
150
300
100
ON G SUC KH
300
1000
1500
1500
1000
300
300
1000
600 1200
300 19300 300
CA NC TUAN HOAN LAI CA NC QUA BE AEROTEN 1000
MAT BANG
HO BM SINH HOC
1000
1000
7000
1000
1000
1000 2020 3980

50 200
50
150
LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP
50
100 TRNG HDL KTCN TP. HO CH MINH
KHOA MOI TRNG
20
TY LE : 1:80
NGHIEN CU CAI TAO HE THON G X LY NC THAI TAP TRUNG
CAC H SAP XEP VAT LIEU LOC

KHU CON G NGHIEP VIET NAM - SINGAPORE
SO BAN VE : 15
CHI TIET ON G QUAY PHAN PHOI NC GVHD GV KS. LAM VNH SN BAN VE SO : 11
THAP LOC
TL 1:10 CNBM GS TS. LAM MINH TRIET
SINH HOC
THAN G 12 - 2004
SVTH NGUYEN KHA TUAN
Lc sinh hc c vt liu khng ngp nc
Cu to: c vt liu tip xc khng ngp nc.

- Cc lp vt liu c rng v din tch ln nht (nu c th).
- Nc thi c phn phi u.
- Nc thi sau khi tip xc VL to thnh cc ht nh chy thnh mng nh lung
qua khe h VL lc.
- b mt VL lc v cc khe h gia chng cc cn bn c gi li to thnh
mng _ Mng sinh hc.
- Lng oxy cn thit cp lm oxy ho cht bn i t y ln.
- Nhng mng VS cht s cng nc thi ra khi b c gi b lng 2.
Vt liu lc:
- C din tch b mt/v din tch ln
- Than cc, cc, cui si ln, ong (60-100 mm)
- HVL = 1.5-2.5 m.
- Nha c sn PVC c s dng rng ri ngy nay HVL = 6=9 m.
H thng phn phi nc:
- Dn ng t ng qua (b trn, thp lc).
- Dn ng c nh (lc sinh hc nh git) cao ti.
Trang 104
- Khong cch t vi phun n b mt VL: 0.2-0.3 m.
Sn v thu nc: c 2 nhim v:
- Thu u nc c cc mnh v ca mng sinh hc b trc.
- Phn phi u gi vo b lc duy tr MT hiu kh trong cc khe rng.
- Sn bng b tng v sn nung
- Khong cch t sn phn phi n y b thng 0.6-0.8 m, i = 1-2 %
Phn loi b lc sinh hc:
Thng s n v o Ti trng thp Ti trng cao

Chiu cao lp VL m 1-3 0.9-2.4 ()
6-8 (nha tm)
Loi VL cc, than cc, cc, than,
ong, ong, nha c.
Ti trng theo cht HC Kg BOD5/1 m3.ngy 0.08-0.4 0.4-1.6
Ti trng thu lc theo din m3/m2.ngy 1-4.1 4.1-40.7
tch b mt
Hiu qu BOD % 80-90 65-85
TNH TON
1/ Hiu qu kh BOD:
E = (%)
Vi:
+ W: ti trng BOD ca b lc (kg/ngy)

W = Q (So S) (S: 14 - 15 mg/l)
+ V: th tch VL lc
So - S
V1 = CO : th tch / 1m3 nc
6 < tkk < 10oC: CO = 250

tkk > 10oC: CO = 300
t1
tkk 10oC: CO = 30 100C
(CO: cng sut oxy ho (g/m3.ng.) )
V = V1Q
+ F: thng s tun hon nc
1+R
F= R
(1 + 10)2
QT
R = Q : H s tun hon
2/ Xc nh li th tch VL lc theo hiu sut Eo
100
Eo = Gii PT Vmi
0.4333 2 W
1+ 1-E VF
4/ Din tch b lc:
Trang 105
V
S=H
5/ ng knh b lc
4S
D=

Nu Hnh ch nht: S = DxR

6/ Ti trng thu lc:
Q + QT
a= S
7/ Ti trng cht HC
W
b = V (kg BOD / 1 m3.ngy)
8/ Lng kh cp:
f
WKK = 21
Vi:
+ f: lng BOD20 nc thi

+ 21: t l oxy khng kh
Cc cng thc tnh ti trng trn p dng tnh b lc sinh hc l cc, si, (60-100
mm); HVL = 0.9-2.5 m.
i vi b lc sinh hc c lp vt liu l cc tm nha gp np, HVL = 4-9 m: thp
sinh hc.
1/ Ti trng:
Co = P.H.KT/ (g BOD5 / m2.ngy)

Vi:
+ H: chiu cao vt liu lc

+ P: rng lp VL (%).
+ KT: hng s nhit (oC)
KT = K20 . 1,047 T 20 = 0,2 . 1,047 T 20
+ : ph thuc BOD5 u ra.
S (mg/l) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
3.3 2.6 2.25 2 1.75 1.6 1.45 1.3
2/ Ti trng thu lc tnh bng (m3 NT/m3 TTVL lc)

qo = Co . Fa/So
Vi:
+ Fa: din tch b mt VL lc trn 1 n v VL lc (m2/m3)

+ So: BOD5 vo
4/ Th tch VL lch
Q
W=q
o
Trang 106
10.2.2._ B lc sinh hc c lp VL ngp trong nc thi
CHI TIET BE LOC SINH HOC
MANG CHAY TRAN ONG DAN NC THAI RA 250 LAN CAN

ONG DAN NC THAI VAO 90 ONG DAN KH CHNH 168
500 500
ONG DAN KH NHANH 60 CAU THANG
3000 3000
VAT LIEU BAM DNH
0.00 0.00 0.00
2000 2200
CHI TIET 1
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
200
200 200
200 31000 200 200 500 1000 500 500 1000 500 500 1000 500 200
200 200
200 200
MAT CAT B-B
ONG PHAN PHOI NC THAI UC LO 42
R60
MAT CAT A-A
B CHI TIET 2
ONG DAN NC THAI VAO 90 VAT LIEU BAM DNH
200
200
20 60 20
300
ONG DAN NC THAI RA 250

CHI TIET 1 (TY LE 20/1)
A CHI TIET 2 (TY LE 20/1) CHAN E ONG DAN KH
A 6000 A SUC KH
2000
CHI TIET 3
D20
1000 1000 1000

42
200
200
B
CHI TIET BO VAT LIEU BAM DNH CHI TIET 3
(ONG PVC RUOT GA 34) (ONG PHAN PHOI NC 42 UC LO)
MAT BANG
SO ? KHNG GIAN M? NG LU ? I PHN PH? I KH

TRNG AI HOC KY THUAT - CONG NGHE
KHOA MOI TRNG - CNSH
O AN TOT NGHIEP
THIET KE HE THONG X LY NUC THAI SINH HOAT TY LE 1:1
KHU DAN C TAN QUY ONG-QUAN 7 SO BAN VE: 11

SVTH NGUYEN CONG HANH BAN VE SO: 08
GVHD CHI TIET BE LOC SINH HOC
Th.s. LAM VNH SN 12 / 2007
Lc sinh hc c lp vt liu ngp trong nc nc
BOD + NH3 + O2 T bo VS (C5H7NO2) + O2 + H2O
O2
NH3 + CO2 + H2O

- + O2 NO3-
+ O2 NO2
Trong lp VL lc BOD b kh v chuyn ho NH4+ NO3-

Khi tn tht trong lp VL lc = 0,5 m ng van v x cn (30-40 giy)
Cng ra lc: 12-14 l/s.m2
TNH TON
+ BOD5 500
+ Tc lc 3m/h.
+ dht = 2-5 mm.
+ Hiu qu lc:
So
K = S = 10F+
Vi:
- F: chun s : F = H.B0,6.KT/q0,4
Trong :
Trang 107
KT = 0,2 x 1,047 T 20
T (oC): nhit nc thi
H: chiu cao lp VL lc
B: lu lng n v ca KK: 8 12 (m3 KK / 1 m3 nc thi)
- q: ti trng thu lc (20-80 m3/m2.ng).
- , : ph thuc vo qv ca KK, vo F
B F
0.662 1.51 0
8
0.662 0.47 0.69
0.85 1.2 0.13
10
0.85 0.4 0.83
1.06 1.1 0.19
12
1.06 0.2 1.15
Bi tp p dng 1. Tnh ton b lc sinh hc c lp vt liu ngp nc

- BOD5 = 190 mg/l
- Tc lc 3m/h.
- dht = 2-5 mm.
- Hiu qu lc:
So
K = S = 10F+
Trong : So : Nng BOD5 u vo b lc sinh hc, So = 190 mg/l

S : Nng BOD5 u ra b lc sinh hc
H vl B 0.6 K 2 10 0.6 0.251

F : Chun s : F = = = 0.418
q 0. 4 50 0.4
KT = 0.2 x 1.047 T 20 = 0.2 x 1.047(25 - 20) = 0.251
T (oC): Nhit nc thi, T = 25oC
Hvl : Chiu cao lp vt liu lc, Hvl = 1.5 - 2m, Chn Hvl = 2m
B: Lu lng n v ca khng kh: 8 12 (m3 khng kh /m3 nc thi). Chn B = 10 (m3
khng kh /m3 nc thi)
q: Ti trng thu lc (20-80 m3/m2.ng), chn q = 50 (m3/m2.ng)
, : Ph thuc vo qnv ca khng kh v chun s F. Chn = 1.51, = 0
B F
0.662 1.51 0
8
0.662 0.47 0.69
0.85 1.2 0.13
10
0.85 0.4 0.83
1.06 1.1 0.19
12
1.06 0.2 1.15
S0
= 10F +
S
S0 190
=> S = F +
= 1.510.662 = 19 mg/l
10 10
- Th tch b lc sinh hc:
Trang 108
(S 0 S ) QTBNgy
W =
NO
Trong : So : Nng BOD5 u vo b lc sinh hc, So = 190 mg/l
S : Nng BOD5 u ra b lc sinh hc, S = 13.45 mg/l
Ngy Ngy
QTB : Lu lng trung bnh ngy m, QTB = 1200 m3/ngym
NO : Nng lc oxy ha ca b lc, NO = 550 gO2/m3.ngym (X l nc thi th v cng
nghip Lm Minh Trit)
W=
(190 19) 1200 = 373 m3
550
- Din tch hu ch ca b lc sinh hc:
W
F=
H vl n
Trong : n : So ngn ca b lc sinh hc. Chn n = 1
373
F= = 186.5 m2
2 1
Chn chiu di ca b D = 31m, chiu rng R = 6m
- Chiu cao phn y h1 = 0.5 m
- Chiu cao lp vt liu Hvl = 2 m
- Chiu cao dnh cho vt liu dn n h2 = 1 m
- Chiu cao phn cha nc ra h3 = 1 m
- Chiu cao bo v hbv = 0.5 m
Tng chiu cao b lc: H = Hvl + h1 + h2 + h3 + hbv = 2 + 0.5 + 1 + 1 + 0.5 = 5 m
* Lng kh cn thit
- Lu lng khng kh cn cung cp cho b iu ha:
Lk = B Qmax
h
Trong : B: Lu lng n v ca khng kh: 8 12 (m3 khng kh /m3 nc thi). Chn B = 10 (m3
khng kh /m3 nc thi)
h h
Qmax : Lu lng gi ln nht, Qmax = 83 m3/h
Lk = 10 83 = 830 m3/h
Chn h thng cung cp kh bng ng thp, phn phi kh bng a sc kh, c phn b dc theo
chiu di b cch nhau 1m. Nh vy c tt c 30 ng.
- Lu lng kh trong mi ng:
Lkh 830
qng = = = 83 m3/h
10 10
Trong : Vn tc kh trong ng 10 15 m/s. Chn vng = 10 m/s
- ng knh ng chnh:
4 Lkh 4 830
Dng = = = 0.171 m = 171 mm
vng 3600 10 3600
Chn ng chnh Dng = 168 mm.
Trang 109
- ng knh ng nhnh:
4 q ng 4 83
d ng = = = 0.54 m = 54 mm
vng 3600 10 3600
Chn ng phn phi kh c dng = 60 mm.
- Chn dng a xp: ng knh : d = 300 mm
Din tch b mt : f = 0.07 m2
Cng kh 200 l/pht.a = 3.33 l/s
- S lng a phn phi trong b :
Lk 830 1000
= = = 69.23
3.33 3.33 3600
=> S lng a: chn = 90 a
- B tr h thng sc kh: Chiu rng :B = 6 m
Chiu di : D = 31 m
S lng a 90 a chia lm 30 hng, mi hng 3 i c phn b u cch mt sn ca b 1x2 m,
cch mt sn 0.2 m
- Xc nh cng sut thi kh:
34400 ( p 0.29 1) Lkh

W=
102 n
Trong : Lkh: Lu lng kh cn cung cp. Lkh = 0.23 (m3/s)
n: Hiu sut my bm: Chn n = 75%
p: Ap lc ca khng kh nn
10.33 + H d 10.33 + 5.4
p= = = 1.52 (atm)
10.33 10.33
Trong : Hd = hd + hc + hf + H
hd: Tn tht do ma st
hc: Tn tht cc b ng hd + hc 0.4 Chn hd + hc = 0.4
hf: Tn tht qua thit b phn phi kh. hf 0.5 Chn hf = 0.5
H: Chiu cao hu ch ca b, H = 4.5 m
Hd = 0.4 + 0.5 + 4.5 = 5.4 m
Vy cng sut thi kh l:
W=
( )
34400 1.52 0.29 1 0.23
= 13.35 (KW/h)
102 0.75
- Cng sut thc ca my thi kh:
Ntt = 1.2 x W = 1.2 x 13.35 = 16 KW/h
Vy chn 2 my thi kh c cng sut 18 KW / h. Hai my chy lun phin nhau cung cp kh cho 2
b iu ha v b lc sinh hc
Tm tt kch thc b lc sinh hc:
K hiu Kch thc
D x R x (H + hbv) 31m x 6m x (4.5m + 0.5)
Cng sut my sc kh(W) 13.35 KW/h
Trang 110
Bi tp v d p dng 2. Tnh b lc sinh hc nh git
Tnh ton theo ti trng thy lc:
Xc nh h s K:
La 1956,3
K= = = 16,3
Lt 120
Trong :
La : Lng NOS20 trc khi a vo b Biophin;
Lt : Lng NOS20 cn t sau x l ti b.
Chn ti trng thy lc q0 = 20 m3/m2.ng
Vi l do:
Khng tun hon nc thi;
Lng khng kh cp vo nh;
Chiu cao cng trnh nh;
Din tch cng trnh nh.
Ta chn cc s liu nh sau:
B = 8 m3/m2.ng
H = 3,5 m
Vi lu lng khng kh a vo b B = 8 m3/m2 nc thi
Khi chiu cao cng tc b: H = 3,5 m; (tra bng 7.5 Gio trnh x l nc thi HXD, 1975) ta c h s K1
= 18,05 > K = 16,3 nn khng cn tun hon nc thi.
Din tch b Biophin:
tb
Qngd 2988,6
F= = = 149,43 m2
q0 20
Trong :
tb
Qngd : Lu lng nc thi trung bnh ngy m;
q0 : Ti trng thy lc.

Th tch ca b:
W = F H = 149,43 3,5 523 m3
Chn s b n = 4
Din tch mt bng mt b:
F 149,43
f = = = 37,36 m2
4 4
ng knh b:
4f 4 37,36
D= = = 6,9 m
3,14
Chiu cao xy dng b Biophin:
H xd = H ct + h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 + h5 = 3,5 + 0,4 + 1 + 0,25 + 0,5 = 6,05 m
Trong :
Hct : Chiu su ca lp vt liu lc, Hct = 3,5 m;
Trang 111
h1 : Chiu su t mt nc trong b n lp vt liu lc, h1 = 0,4 m;
h2 : Chiu su khng gian gi sn vt liu lc v nn, h2 = 1 m;
h3 : su ca mng thu nc chnh, h3 = 0,25 m;
h4 : su ca phn mng, h4 = 0,5 m;
h5 : Chiu cao bo v (t mt nc n thnh b), h5 = 0,5 m.
Cu to ca lp vt liu lc gm:
Si vi c ng knh ht l 5 mm;
Lp lt sn vt liu lc 0,2 m;
Dng si vi c ng knh 6 - 10 mm.
Tnh ton h thng ti phn lc:
B Biophin thit k dng hnh trn, phn phi nc bng h thng ti phn lc vi cc cnh ti t cch
lp vt liu lc 0,2 m.
Lu lng tnh ton nc thi trn 1 b Biophin cao ti:
Qmax .s 67,45
q= = = 16,86 L/s
n 4
ng knh h thng ti:
Dt = Db 0,2 = 6,9 0,2 = 6,7 m
Trong : 0,2 l khong cch gia u ng ti ti thnh b
Chn 4 ng phn phi trong h thng ti ng knh mi ng ti c xc nh theo cng thc:
4.q 4 0,067
D= = = 0,16 m, chn D = 200 mm
4. . 4 3,14 0,8
Trong :
v : Vn tc chuyn ng ca nc trong ng; v 1 m/s, chn v = 0,8 m/s.
S l trn mi ng ti:
1 1
m= 2
= 2
42 l
80 80
1 1 1 1
Dt 6700
Khong cch t mi l n trc ng ng l:
Dt i
ri =
2 m
Trong : i l s th t ca l k t trc cch ti:
6700 1
ri = 517 mm
2 42
6700 2
ri = 731 mm
2 42
S vng quay ca h thng trong:
34,8 10 6 34,8 10 6
n= q 0 = 4,215 = 3,62 vng/pht
m d12 Dt 42 12 2 6700
Trong :
Trang 112
d1 : ng knh l trn ng ti d = 12 mm (theo iu 6.14-20 TCXD-51-84);
q0 : Lu lng mi ng ti, q0 = 16,86 = 4,215 L/s

4
p lc cn thit ca h thng ti:
256.10 6 81.10 6 294.Dt

h = q02 4 2 4
+ 2 3
d 1 .m d 0 K .10
256.10 6 81.10 6 294 6700

h = 4,215 2 4 + = 240,13 mm = 0,24 m
12 42
2
200 4 300.10 3
Trong :
k : Mun lu lng ly theo bng: k = 300 (Tra bng 7.5, Gio trnh x l nc thi HXD,
1974)
Ta c h= 0,24 m > 0,2 m tha mn p lc yu cu h thng ti phn lc hot ng c.
4.2.2. B Aerotank
4.2.2.1- ng hc ca qa trnh x l sinh hc
qu trnh x l bng PP sinh hc xy ra tt th cn thit phi to iu kin pH, nhit ,
. Lc qu trnh x l s xy ra.:
a/ Tng trng TB: Tc tng trng c th biu din
dx
rt = .X = d = .x (1)
t
Vi:
+ rt: tc tng trng ca VK.(g/m3.s)

+ : tc tng trng ring 1/s.
+ X: nng bn hot tnh (g/m3)
b/ Cht nn- gii hn tng trng
Trong qu trnh sinh trng cht nn (BOD) cp lin tc qu trnh tng trng tun theo
nh lut:
S
= m K + S (2)
s
Vi:
+ m: tc tng trng ring max.

+ S: nng cht nn trong nc thi thi im tng trng b hn ch (lc s
lng cht nn ch c gii hn).(nng cn li trong nc thi)
+ Ks: hng s bn tc (ni ln s nh hng ca nng cht nn thi im:
max
= 2
m.X.S
T (1) v (2) rt = K + S (3)
s
c/ S tng trng TB v s dng cht nn
Tip tc
Cc TB mi Hp th cht nn
Cht nn
Oxy ho
Cht VC v HC n nh
Trang 113
Quan h gia tc tng trng v lng cht nn c s dng:

rt = -Y.rd (4)
Vi:
+ rd: tc s dng cht nn (g/m3.s).

+ Y: h s nng sut s dng cht nn cc i (mg/mg).
T (3) v (4)
m.X.S K.X.S m
rd = Y(K + S) = K + S (t K = Y ) (5)
s s
d/ nh hng h hp ni bo
S gim khi lng ca cc TBo do cht v tng trng chm t l vi lng vi sinh c
trong nc thi v gi l phn hu ni bo (endogenous decay).
rd = -Kd.X
Vi:
+ rd: (do phn hy ni bo) s dng cht nn.

+ Kd:h s phn hu ni bo
+ X: nng bn hot tnh.
Do , tc tng trng thc:

m.X.S m.S
rt = K + S - Kd.X = (K + S - Kd).X
s s
Hay rt= -Yrd Kd.X

Tc tng trng ring thc:
S
= m.K + S - Kd
s
- Tc tng sinh khi (bn hot tnh):
r t'
yb = r
d
4.2.2.2- Nguyn l lm vic ca b Aerotank

B A c a ra v nghin cu rt lu (t 1887-1914 p dng).
B A l cng trnh XL sinh hc s dng bn hot tnh ( l loi bn xp cha nhiu
VS c kh nng oxy ho cc cht hu c).
Thc cht qu trnh x l nc thi bng b A vn qua 3 giai on:
+ Giai on 1: Tc xoxy ho xc nh bng tc tiu th oxy.
+ Giai on 2: Bn hot tnh khi phc kh nng oxy ho, ng thi oxy ho tip
nhng cht HC chm oxy ho.
+ Giai on 3: Giai on nit ho v cc mui amn.
Khi s dng b A phi c h thng cp kh (hnh v theo ti liu).
4.2.2.3- Phn loi b Aerotant
a/ Theo nguyn l lm vic
B A thng thng: cng sut ln
+ B A x l sinh ho khng hon ton (BOD20 ra ~ 60-80 mg/l)
+ B A x l sinh ho hon ton (BOD20 ra ~ 15-20).
Trang 114
B A sc cha cao: BOD20 > 500 mg/l.
b/ Phn loi theo s cng ngh
A 1 bc
A 2 bc
c/ Cu trc dng chy
A y
Nc vo Nc ra
Bn hot tnh Khng kh

tun hon
A trn
Bn hot tnh tun hon

Nc t b lng
ln th nht
Khng kh
Nc ra khi b
A kiu hn hp.
Nc t b lng ln th nht Nc ra
Bn hot tnh
tun hon
Khng kh
d/ Theo PP lm thong
Bng kh nn
Khuy c hc
Thong kt hp
Qut gi
4.2.2.4- Cc dng s b A
S 1 (p dng rng ri)
A Lng II
Cn d
Bn hot tnh
- A mt bc, khng c ngn phc hi bn

- Thit b v qun l n gin
Trang 115
S 2
A Lng II
Bn d
B.htnhh
Ngn
phc hi
S 3:
A.1 Lng II (1) A.2 Lng II (2)
X s
c
4.2.2.5- Tnh ton b
a. Xc nh cng thc v xc nh ng hc (nhc li nh hng ca phn hu ni bo)
rt= -Yrd Kd.X
Tc tng trng ring thc:
S
= m.K + S - Kd
s
Tc tng sinh khi:

r t'
yb = r
d
b. Lp cc m hnh tnh ton b Aerotank, P hiu kh
+ M hnh m phng h (hnh v)
MOHNH TH NGHIE
M BU
N HOAT TNH
IV I
IV
III
IV
V
IV IV
II
VI
+ Thit lp CT tnh ton cc thng s ng hc

K, Ks
m.X.S K.X.S m
- Ta c: rd = Y(K + S) = K + S (t K = Y ) (theo 5)
s s
Trang 116
- Mc khc rd (T l lng cht nn mt trong mt n v thi gian : h s phn
S S 0 S S 0 S
hy ni bo): rd = = = Q (6)
T V
K.X.S S S
T 5 v 6 K + S = 0
s
X K +S
Hay = s
S0 S KS
X K 1 1
Hoc = s. +
S0 S K S K
- V ng thng hi quy tuyn tnh quan h gia X/ (S0 S) v 1/S
T ta c : y= ax + b
1 1
b = K K = b
K S = a K = a.K
K S
Kd v Y
Xo: lng bn hot tnh trong nc thi.
So: cht nn trong nc thi.
Qv: lu lng nc thi vo.
QT: lu lng bn.
X: nng bn sau khi ho trn.
S: nng cn li sau khi ra khi b (nng cht nn).
Qr: lng nc sau khi ra ngun
Xr: nng bn hot tnh trong nc lng (ra khi b )
XT: bn hot tnh lng xung tun
: thi gian lu nc.
c: tui bn (thi gian lu bn).
dx
d : tc thay i nng bn hot tnh.
t
V: th tch b.
rt: tc tng trng thc ca bn hot tnh trong thi gian.
Cc PT cn bng:
Lng bn trong b = Lng bn i vo Lng bn x ra + Lng bn tng ln trong b
sau thi gian lu nc.
dx
dt .V = Qv.Xo (Qx.XT + Qr.Xr) + V(rt)
Gii phng trnh vi phn trn khi : X0 = 0 , n nh ; dx/dt = 0; rt= -Yrd Kd.X
Qx.XT + Qr.Xr rd
Ta c V.X = YX - Kd
Q xa X T + Qr X r 1 X thuc
(Trong : : lng bn thc Xthc ngha l =
X C V
Trang 117
1 rd
Do : = YX - Kd (*)
C
S S 0 S S 0 S
Mc khc : rd = = = Q th vo * ta c :
T V
1 (S 0S )
=Y K d
C X
- V ng thng hi quy tuyn tnh quan h gia thng s
(S0 - S)/ (.X) v 1/c
T ta c dng: y = ax + b
Kd = b
Y =a
+ Thit lp cng thc tnh th tch b Aerotank

Cch 1
T phng trnh
1 (S S )
=Y 0 K d
C X
Q 1
Kt hp : =
V
1 YQ( S 0 S )
= K d
Ta c : C VX
Q.Y.(So - S)c
V=
X(1 + Kd. c)
Cch 2
+ rd: Tc s dng cht nn

Qv So - S
rd = - V (So S) = -

rd
+ t: = X : Tc s dng cht nn tnh cho 1 n v khi lng (g) bn hot
tnh/n v thi gian.
rd Q S o - S
=X=V X
Q(So - S)
V=
X
Ngoi ra:
F
Ch s quan trng: lng cht nn/khi lng bn hot tnh (M ).
Vi:
+ F: food
Trang 118
+ M: microorganism ratio
F So
M = X
- Lu : khi chn la cc thng s cn lu :

So 100: X 1500 mg/l
So = 100-150: X 1000 mg/l
So = 150-200: X 2800 mg/l
So > 200: X = 2800-4000 mg/l
tro: Z = 0,3
c. Tnh ton thit k
+ Cc thng s u vo
BOD5
QNT, So, f = COD , t, Sra, CODra, SS, Xo, % cn HC(= a), X, Z, Xtun hon, Y, c
+ Xc nh hiu qu x l:
- Lng cn HC trong nc thi ra khi b lng: a.BOD5 ra = b.
- Lng cn HC theo COD:
1,42.b.(1 z) = c
(1,42: mg O2 sdng/md TBo phn hu)
- Lng BOD5 trong cn ra khi b: f.c = d
- Lng BOD5 ho tan khi b lng: c = BOD5 cho php d
Hiu qu x l theo COD:
CODvo - (CODra - c)
E= CODvo
Hiu qu x l theo BOD5:
BOD5 vo - d
E = BOD
5 vo
Hiu qu x l BOD ton b
BODvo - BODra
E= BODvo
+ Th tch b
Q.Y.(So - S)c
V= (m3)
X(1 + Kd. c)
+ Thi gian lu nc
V
=Q
+ Lng bn HC l lng khi s dng BOD5:

- Tc tng trng ca bn:
Y
Yb = (1/ngy)
1 + c xK d
- Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong ngy:
Px = Yb.Q.(So - S) (kg/ngy)
- Tng lng cn lu lng sinh ra (tng bn d):
Px
Px1 = 1 - z
- Lng cn d hng ngy x ra:
Px = Px1 Pra
(Pra = Q.SSra.10-3)
- Lu lng x bn:
Trang 119
V.X - Qr.Xr. c
Qx =
XT.c
Vi:
+ Qr = Q v
+ XT = (1-z)Xbn
+ Xr = (1-z).c (mg/l)
+ Thi gian tch lu cn (tun hon ton b) khng x cn ban u
V.Xb
T= P (ngy)
x
( Tthc = (3-4)T)
+ Sau khi h thng hot ng n nh th lng bn HC x ra hng ngy
B = Qx.Xb (kg/ngy)
- Cn bay hi: B = (1-z).B.
- Cn bay hi trong nc x l i ra khi b: B = Qr.Xr
- Tng cn HC sinh ra: B + B = Px
+ Xc nh lu lng tun hon: Qr
QT X
Qr = XT - X Gii ra tm QT
+ T l F/M
So
F/M =
.X
+ Lng kh cn thit
- Lng oxy cn thit:
Q(So - S) 4.57(No - N)
OCo = 1000.f - 1.42Px + 1000 (kg/ngy)
Vi:
+ No: tng nit ban u (sau khi b sung dinh dng)

+ N: tng nit ra (5-6 mg/l)
- Lng oxy thc t:
Cs 1 1
OCt = OCo + C + C .1.024(T - 20) . (kg/ngy)
s
Vi:
+ Cs: oxy bo ho trong nc (9,08 mg/l).

+ C: lng oxy cn duy tr trong b (2-3 mg/l)
+ : 0,6-0,94.
+ OCTB = OCt/24 (kg/h)
+ OCt max = 1,5.OCt TB
+ OCt min = 0,8.OCt TB
+ Tnh lng khng kh cn thit:
OCt
Ok = OU fan ton (f = 1,5)
Vi:
+ OU: cng sut ho tan thit b: OU = Ou.h

Trong :
Trang 120
Ou: ph thuc h thng phn phi kh (g O2/m3.m)
h: ngp nc (< hb)
Ok thc t = 2Ok
+ p lc kh my nn
Hd = hd + hc + hf + H
Vi:
hd: do ma st.
hf: qua thit b phn phi (<= 0,5 m).
hc: tn tht cc b ng (hd + hc <= 0,4 m).
H: chiu cao hu ch ca b.
+ p lc kh:
10.33 + Hd
p= 10.33 (atm)
+ Cng sut my nn:
34400(P0.29 -1).q
N=
102.
Vi:
q: tnh cht kh (cng my):1.18

+ Chn kch thc, b tr phn phi kh
Trang 121
V d p dng 1 :
Lu lng nc thi : 1500m3/ngy m.
Lng BOD5 u vo (sau x l keo t ) (gim 60%) :
763 x 40
= 305,2(mg / l )
100
T l BOD5/COD = 305,2/460 = 0,66
Nhit nc thi t=300C
Nc x l xong t tiu chun BOD 50mg/l (30 mg/l).
Nc x l xong t tiu chun COD 100 mg/l (70 mg/l).
Hm lng cn l lng 50 mg/l gm 65% l cn hu c.
Lng bn hot tnh trong nc thi u vo b X0=0.
Thng s vn hnh nh sau :

1. Nng bn hot tnh trong b : X=3000 mg/l (cn bay hi).
2. tro ca cn Z=0,3-nng cn lng y b lng t 2 v cng l nng cn tun hon
10.000mg/l.
3. Thi gian lu ca bn hot tnh (tui ca cn) trong cng trnh c =10 ngy.
4. Ch xo trn hon ton.
5. Gi tr ca thng s ng hc : Y = 0,46.
6. tro ca cn hu c l lng ra khi b lng l : 0,3 (70% lng cn bay hi)
7. Nc thi iu chnh sao cho : - BOD5 : N : P = 100 : 5 :1
a. Xc nh hiu qu x l :
Lng cn hu c trong nc ra khi b lng (phn cn sinh hc d b phn hy l) : 65% x 50 = 32,5

mg/l
Lng cn hu c tnh theo COD : 1.42 x 32.5 x 0.7 = 32.305 (mg/l)
Lng BOD5 c trong cn ra khi b lng : 0,66 x 32,305 = 21.3213 (mg/l)
Lng BOD5 ha tan ra khi b lng bng tng BOD5 cho php u ra tr lng BOD5 c trong cn
l lng : 30 21.3213 = 8.6787(mg/l)
Hiu qu x l COD :
460 - (70 - 32,305)

E= = 91,8%
460
Hiu qu x l tnh theo BOD5 ha tan.
Trang 122
305,2 8,6787
E= x100= 97,15%
305,2
Hiu qu x l BOD ton b.
305,2 30
E= x100= 90.2%
305,2
b.Th tch b Aerotank tnh theo cng thc ta c :
Q x Y x c ( S0 S ) 1.500 x0,46 x10 x(305,2 8,6787) 2045996,97

V = = = = 426,25(m3 )
X (1 + K d x c ) 3000(1 + 0,06 x10) 4800
Thi gian nc lu li trong b :
V 426,25
= = x 24 = 6,82 (h ) = 0,284 (ngay )
Q 1500
c.Lng bn hu c l lng sinh ra khi kh BOD5 n 97,15% :
Tc tng trng ca bn tnh theo cng thc:
Y 0,46
Yb = = = 0,2875
1 + c x kd 1 + 10 x0,06
Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong mt ngy:
Px = Yb x Q (So-S) = 0,2875 x 1500 x (305,2 8,6787)

=127874,8106 g
= 127,875 (kg/ngy).
Tng cn l lng sinh ra theo tro ca cn z = 0,3
Px 127,875
Px1 = = =182,68 (kg / ngay ) .
1 Z 0,7
Lng cn d hng ngy phi x i
Px = Px1 Q x 50 x 10-3 =182,68 1500 x 50 x 10-3

=107,68 (kg/ngy)
Tnh lu lng x bn Qx theo cng thc:
V xX
=
Q xa x X T + Qr x X r
(Gio trnh tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi Trnh Xun Lai).
Suy ra:
V x X Qr x X xa xa 426.25 x 3000 1500 x 22.75 x10

Qxa =
X T x C
=
7000 x C
=13.393 = 13.4 m3 / ngay ( )
Trang 123
Trong :
V :Th tch =426,25(m3)
QR =QV =1500 (m3/ngy)
X =3000 (mg/l)
c =10 ngy
Xt = 0.7 x 10.000 =7000 (mg/l)
Xr =32.5 x 0.7 =22075 (0,7 l t l lng cn bay hi trong tng s cn hu c , cn
khng tro).
d.Thi gian tch ly cn (Tun hon ton b) khng x cn ban u:
V x X 426.25 x10000
T = = = 33.33 ngay
Px 127874.8106
Thc t s di hn 3-4 ln v khi nng bn cha trong hiu qa x l thi gian u s thp v
lng bn sinh ra t hn Px
e. Sau khi h thng hot ng n nh th lng bn hu c x ra hng ngy:
B = Qx x 10.000 g/m3=13,4 x 10.000=134000 g/ngy =134 kg/ngy.

Trong cn bay hi:
B = 0,7 x134 = 93,8 kg
Cn bay hi trong nc x l i ra khi b QR x XR
B= 1500 x 22.75 x 10-3= 34,125 (kg/ngy)
Tng cn hu c sinh ra:
B + B = 93,8 + 34,125 = 127,925 kg = 128 kg = Px .
f. Xc nh lu lng tun hon :QT .
nng bn trong b lun gi gi tr: X =3000 mg/l Ta c:
QT X 3000
= = = 0,75
QV X T X 7000 3000
QT =0,75x 1500 = 1125 (m3/ngy)
g. T s F/M:
F S 305,2 mg BOD / l mgBOD5
= 0 = = 0,358
M x X 0,284 x 3000 (mg / l ) mg bun . ngay
h. Tnh lng kh cn thit:
Tnh lng xy cn thit theo cng thc:
Q (SO S ) 4,57 (N O N )
OCO = 1,42 Px + (kg / ngay )
1000 f 1000
Trong :
Q = 1500 m3/ ngy
So = 305,2 mg/l .
S = 8,6787 mg/l
No= Tng hm lng N u vo :15,26 (mg/l) (sau khi b sung dinh dng)
N = Tng hm lng u ra : 5 (mg/l) (tiu chun l 6 mg/l).
PX = 127,875 (mg/ ngy)
f =BOD/COD =0,66
Vy:
Trang 124
1500 (305.2 8.6787 ) 4,57 (15.26 5)
OCO = 1,42 x127.875 + = 492.4 (kg / ngay )
1000 x 0.66 1000
Lng xy thc t cn theo cng thc:
Cs 1 1
OCt = OCo x x x (kg / ngay )
Cs C 1.024 (T 20 )

Trong :
Cs: Lng xy bo ha trong nc 9.08 mg/l.
C: Lng xy cn duy tr trong b 2 mg/l.
: h s t 0.6 0.94 . Chn 0.7.
Vy
9.08 1 1
OCt = 492.4 x x ( 30 20 )
x = 713.4 (kg / ngay )
9.08 2 1.024 0.7
OCttrung bnh = 29.7 (kg O2/h).

OCtmax = 29.7 x 1.5 = 44.55 (kgO2/h).
OCtmin = 29.7 x 0.8 = 23.97 (kg O2/h).
i. Tnh lng khng kh cn thit.
Chn h thng phn phi bt kh nh, tra bng 7.1 ( Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi
Trnh Xun Lai). Ta c Ou = 7gO2/m3.m.
B su h1 = 3.5 m; ngp nc h = 3m
Cng sut ha tan thit b.
OU = Ou x h = 7 x 3 = 21 gO2/m3.
Lng khng kh cn thit .
OCt 713.4
Ok = xf= x1.5 = 50957 (m3 / ngay ) = 0.59 (m3 / s ).
OU 21 x10 3
Trong :
OCt : Lng xy thc t cn.
OU : Cng sut ha tan thit b.
f : H s an ton. Chn 1.5.
Qktb = 2123.2 m3/h.

Qkmax = 1.5 x 3184.8 m3/h.
Qkmin = 0.8 x 1698.56 m3/h.
Lng khng kh cn thit chn my nn kh : 2 x 0,59 = 1.18 (m3/s).
k. Tnh p lc kh my nn:
Vn tc kh thot ra khi khe h :5-10 m/s.

Ap lc cn thit cho h thng ng kh nn xc nh theo cng thc :
Hd = hd + hc + hf + H.
Trong :
hd : Tn tht p lc do ma st dc theo chiu di trn ng ng dn (m).
hc : Tn tht qua thit b phn phi (m).
hf : Tn tht qua thit b phn phi (m). Gi tr ny khng vt qu 0.5m.
H: chiu cao hu ch ca b. 3m.
Tng tn tht hd v hc khng vt qu 0.4 m.
Vy p lc cn thit l :
Trang 125
Hd = 0.4 + 0.5 + 3 = 3.9 m.
Ap lc khng kh :
P=
(10.33 + H d ) =1.38amt.
10.33
Cng sut my nn :
N=
( ) (
34400 x P 0.29 1 x q 34400 x 1.380.29 1 x1.18
=
)
= 41.27 ( KW )
102 x n 102 x 0.8
S ng phn phi D100 di 1m tnh theo cng cho php q ca mi ng :

Qmax 3184.8 x103
N q max = = =147.4(ong ).
qmax 6 x 3600
Qmin 1698.56 x103
N q min = = =157(ong ).
qmin 3 x 3600
l. Chn kch thc b v ng phn phi kh.
ng phn phi kh b tr dc thnh b.

Chiu rng mt hnh lang: B = h = 3 m.
Chiu di hnh lang.
F V 426.25
L= = = = 31.6(m).
b h1 x b 3 x 4.5
Trong b b tr 3 hnh lang. Do kch thc b l : D x R = 16 x 9.
3000 3000
3000
3000
16000 Cp kh
Dng chy trong b l dng chy iu, chiu di gin ng xng c:
L = 2 x (16 3 ) = 26 m.
Khong cnh gia cc ng trong h phn phi :
L 26
l= = = 0.165(m).
N q min 157
Trang 126
Cng thi gi:
50957
q= =119.55(m3 / m 2 ngay ).
426.25
Ch tiu gi:
Ok 50957
a= 3
= =114.56 (m3khi / 1kgBOD5 ).
Q x ( So S ) x10 1500 x ( 305.2 8.6787) x103
V d p dng 2 .Tnh B Aerotank vi cc thng s thit k:
+ Lu lng nc thi: Qtb-ng = 150 (m3/ngym)
+ Nhit nc thi: t = 25oC
+ Hm lng BOD5 u vo = hm lng BOD5 u ra ca b lng I So = 637 (mg/l)
+ Hm lng COD u vo = hm lng COD u ra ca b lng I. CODvo = 1160
(mg/l)
+ Cn l lng: SSvo = 230 (mg/l)
u ra: Nc thi sau x l t TCVN 6980 - 2001
+ BOD5 u ra = S < 40 (mg/l), Chn BOD5 u ra = 20 (mg/l)
+ COD u ra < 70 (mg/l), chn COD ra = 50 (mg/l)
+ Cn l lng: SSra < 50 (mg/l), Chn SSra = 30 (mg/l)
- Cc thng s vn hnh:
+ Cn hu c, a = 75%.
+ tro z = 0,3 (Tnh ton thit k h thng x l nc thi- Trnh Xun Lai)
+ Lng bn hot tnh trong nc thi u vo b, Xo= 0.
+ Nng bn hot tnh, X = 2500 4000 mg/l, chn X = 3000 (mg/l)
+ Lng bn hot tnh tun hon l nng cn ln y b lng 2, XT = 8000 (mg/l)
+ Ch xo trn hon ton.
+ Thi gian lu bn trong cng trnh, c = 515 ngy, chn c = 10 ngy
+ H s phn hy ni bo, Kd = 0.06 ngy-1
+ H s sn lng bn Y = 0,4 0,8 mg VSS/mg BOD5, chn Y = 0,6 mg VSS/mg BOD5
1. Xc nh hiu qu x l
- Hiu qu x l tnh theo BOD5 :
637 20
E = 100 % = 96 ,86 %
637
- Hiu qu x l COD:
1160 50
E = 100 % = 95 , 69 %
1160
2. Kch thc b Aerotank
- Th tch b:
Q * Y * c ( S o S ) 150 * 0 , 6 * 10 * ( 637 20 )
V= = 116 (m3)
X * (1 + K d * c ) 3000 * (1 + 0 , 06 * 10 )
Trong : Q: Lu lng nc thi: Q = 150 (m3/ngym)
Trang 127
Y: H s sn lng bn Y = 0,6 mg VSS/mg BOD5
S0: Hm lng BOD5 nc thi u vo, S0 = 637 (mg/l)
S: Hm lng BOD5 nc thi u ra, S = 40 (mg/l)

X: Nng bn hot tnh, X = 3000 (mg/l)
Kd: H s phn hy ni bo, Kd = 0,06 ngy-1
c : Thi gian lu bn trong cng trnh, c = 10 ngy
- Chn chiu cao b:
H = Hi + Hbv = 3 + 0,5 = 3,5 (m)
Trong : Hi: Chiu cao hu ch, chn Hi = 3 (m)
Hbv: Chiu cao bo v, chn Hbv = 0.5 (m)

- Din tch mt bng b:
V 116
F= = = 38,67 39 (m2)
Hi 3
- Chn chiu rng b:
B = 5 (m)
- Chiu di b:
D = 7,8 (m)
- Th tch thc ca b:
Vt = D * B * H = 7,8 * 5 * 3,5 = 136,5 (m3)
3. Thi gian lu nc:
V 116
= = = 0,773 ngy = 18,55 (h)
Q ngay
tb 150
4. Tnh ton lng bn d thi b mi ngy
- Tc tng trng ca bn tnh theo cng thc:
Y 0 ,6
Yb = = = 0 ,375
1+ c * Kd 1 + 10 * 0 , 06
- Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra do kh BOD5:
3
Px = Q *( S o S ) * Yb = 150 *(637 20) * 0,375*10
= 34,7 (kg/ngym)
- Tng lng cn sinh ra trong 1 ngy:
Px 3 4, 7
P1 x = = = 4 9, 6 (kg/ngy)
1 z 1 0, 3
- Lng cn d x ra hng ngy:
Pxa = P1x Pra
Vi: Pra = SSra * Q = 30 * 10-3 * 150 = 4,5 (kg/ngy)

Px = 49,6 4,5 = 45,1 (kg/ngy)
- Lu lng bn x (nng bn hot tnh trong nc ra khi b lng)
Trang 128
V * X Q ra * X ra * c 116 * 3000 150 * 22, 5 *10
Qx = = = 5, 6 (m3/ngy)
X T * c 5600 *10
Trong : XT: Nng bn hot tnh trong dng tun hon (cn khng tro), XT = (1 - 0,3) *
8000 = 5600 (mg/l)
Xra: Nng VSS ra khi b lng:
Xra = SSra * a = 30 * 0,75 = 22,5 (mg/l)
5. H s tun hon bn:
Hnh 4.7: S lm vic b Aerotank
Q,X0 B (Q +Qt), X Q,Xr

B lng
AEROTANK
Qt, Xt
Qx ,Xt
Phng trnh cn bng vt cht i vi b aeroten:

(Q + Qt) * X = Q * X0 + Qt * Xt
Trong : Q : Lu lng nc thi vo b, Q = 150 m3/ngy
Qt : Lu lng bn tun hon, m3/ngy
X : Nng VSS trong b, X = 3000 mg /l
X0 : Nng VSS trong nc thi dn vo b, X0 = 0
Xt : Nng VSS trong bn tun hon, Xt = 8000 mg/l
Qt
Chia 2 v phng trnh cho Q, t = l t s tun hon bn:
Q
X + * X = * Xt
Suy ra:
X 3000
= = = 0,6
X t X 8000 3000
- Lu lng bn tun hon:
Qt
Ta c: =
Q
Suy ra: Qt = *Q = 0,6 * 150 = 90 m3/ngy
6. Kim tra ch tiu lm vic ca b aeroten:
- Kim tra t s khi lng cht nn trn khi lng bn hot tnh F/M:
So 637
F/M = = = 0,28 kg BOD5/kg MLVSS.ngy
*X 0 , 75 * 3000
F/M = 0,28 nm trong gii hn cho php i vi b Aeroten xo trn hon ton: F/M = 0,2
0,6 kg BOD5/kg MLVSS.ngy
Trang 129
- Ti trng th tch:
So * Q 637 * 150
La = *10-3 = *10-3 = 0,8237 kg BOD/ m3.ngy
V 116
La = 0,8237 nm trong gii hn cho php i vi aeroten xo trn hon ton: La = 0,81,9 kg
3
BOD/m .ngy (Theo ti liu Thot nc ca PGS, TS. Hong Vn Hu).
7. Tnh lng xy cn thit:
- Lng xy cn thit trong iu kin chun (khng cn x l Nit)
Q * (S o S ) 150 * ( 637 20 )
OC o = 1, 42 * P x = 1, 42 * 34 , 7
1000 * f 1000 * 0 , 55
= 118,998 119 (kgO2/ng)
BOD 5
Trong : f: Hng s chuyn i t BOD5 sang BOD20, = 0 , 55
BOD 20
1,42- H s chuyn i t t bo sang COD
Px: Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong 1 ngy: Px = 33,6 (kg/ng)
- Lng xy cn thit trong iu kin thc t:

Cs 1 1
OCt = OCo * ( )* *
C s C 1, 024 T 20

Trong : CS: Nng xy bo ha trong nc 20oC, CS 9,08 (mg/l)
C: Nng xy cn duy tr trong b, C = 1,5 2 (mg/l) (Tnh ton thit k cc cng
trnh x l nc thi- Trnh Xun Lai)
Chn C = 2 (mg/l)
o
T = 25 C, nhit nc thi
: H s iu chnh lng xy ngm vo nc thi (do nh hng ca hm lng
cn, cht hot ng b mt), = 0,6 0,94, chn = 0,7
9, 0 8 1 1
O Ct = 119 * ( )* 25 20
* = 1 9 3, 6 4 (kg/ngy)
9, 0 8 2 1, 0 2 4 0, 7
- Lng khng kh cn thit:
OC t
Qkh = fa
OU
Trong : fa: H s an ton, fa = 1,5 2, chn fa = 1,5 (Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l
nc thi- Trnh Xun Lai)
OU: cng sut ha tan xy vo nc thi ca thit b phn phi tnh theo gam xy
3
cho 1m khng kh.
OU = Ou * h
Vi: Ou: Ph thuc h thng phn phi kh. Chn h thng phn phi bt kh nh v mn,
(tra bng 7-1 sch Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi- .Trnh Xun Lai).
Trang 130
Bng : Cng sut ha tan xy vo nc ca thit b phn phi bt kh nh v mn
iu kin ti u iu kin trung bnh
iu kin th nghim 3
Ou=grO2/m .m Ou grO2/m3.m
Nc sch T=20oC 12 10
Nc thi T=20 C, =0,8
o
8,5 7
Ou = 7 (gO2/m .m) 3
h: ngp nc ca thit b phn phi kh, chn h = 2,8 (m)

OU = 7 * 2,8 = 19,6 (gO2/m3)
193 , 64
Qkh = * 1, 5 = 9879 , 7 (m3/ngy)
19 , 6 * 10 3
8. Tnh p lc my nn:
- p lc cn thit cho h thng ng nn:
Hd = hd + hc + hf + H
Trong : hd: tn tht p lc do ma st dc theo chiu di trn ng ng dn, (m)
hc: tn tht cc b (m)
Tng tn tht hd v hc thng khng vt qu 0,4 (m)
hf: tn tht qua thit b phn phi (m)
Tn tht hf khng qu 0,5 (m)
H-: chiu su hu ch ca b, H = 3 (m)
Do p lc cn thit s l: Hd = 0,4 + 0,5 + 3 = 3,9 (m)
- p lc khng kh l:
10 ,33 + H ct 10 , 33 + 3 , 9
p= = = 1,38 ( atm )
10 ,33 10 ,33
- Cng sut my nn kh:
34400 ( p 0 , 29 1) q k 34400 (1, 38 0 , 29 1) 0 ,114

N= = = 5 , 02 ( KW )
102 n 102 0 , 75
Qk
Trong : qk: lu lng khng kh: qk = = 0 ,114 (m3/s)
86400
n: Hiu sut my nn kh, chn n = 0,75
9. B tr h thng sc kh:
Chn h thng cp kh cho b gm 1 ng chnh, 4 ng nhnh vi chiu di mi ng l 7,8 m, t cch
nhau 1 m
- ng knh ng chnh dn kh:
4 * Q khi 4 * 0,114
D = = = 0,12 (m) = 120 (mm)
*V 3,14 *10
D= 120 (mm)
Trong : V: tc chuyn ng ca khng kh trong mng li trong ng phn phi,
V=10 15 (m/s), chn V = 10 (m/s) (Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi- Ts.Trnh Xun Lai)
- ng knh ng nhnh dn kh:
Trang 131
4 * q kk 4 * 0 ,114
Dn = = = 60 (mm)
4 * 10 * 3 ,14 4 * 3 ,14 * 10
Chn Dn = 60 (mm)
- Chn dng a xp, ng knh 170 (mm), din tch b mt F = 0,02(m2), cng kh
200l/pht.a = 3,3(l/s)
- S a phn phi trong b l:
Q kh i 0,1 1 4
N = = = 3 4, 5 5 a
3, 3 3, 3 * 1 0 3
Chn: S lng a: N = 36 a
- S lng a l 36 ci, chia lm 4 hng, mi hng 9 a phn b cch sn b 0,2 m v mi tm a
cch nhau 0,78 m
- ng knh ong dan bun tuan hoan
4 * Q th 4 * 90
Db = = = 0, 0297 0, 03 m
* vb 3,14 *1, 5 * 86400
Chn Db = 34
Qth: Lu lng bn tun hon Qth = 90 (m3/ng)
Vb: Vn tc bn chy trong ng trong iu kin bm, Vb = 1 2 m/s
Chn Vb = 1,5 m/s
Cc thng s thit k b Aerotank
Trang 132
STT Tn thng s S liu dng thit k n v
1 Chiu di b (L) 7,8 (m)
2 Chiu rng b (B) 5 (m)
3 Chiu cao b (H) 3,5 (m)
4 Thi gian lu nc ( ) 18,55 gi
5 Thi gian lu bn ( C ) 10 ngy
6 ng knh ng dn kh chnh 120 mm
7 ng knh ng dn kh nhnh 60 mm
8 Cng sut my nn kh 5,02 KW/h
9 S lng a 36 a
BAN VE CHI TIET BE AEROTEN

CONG SUAT 400 M3/NGAY
LAN CAN ONG SAT TRANG KEM
SAN CONG TAC

ONG PVC 60
ONG PVC 42
DAN NC
DAN NC
THAI SANG BE
THAI VAO BE +4000
LANG
ONG SAT
4800 TRANG KEM60
200 1000 1000

1
0.00 200
500 1000 1000 1000 500

LP CHONG THAM
Bu long M20
LP VA TRAT
MAT CAT A-A MAT CAT B-B

BETONG MAC 200
LP AT T NHIEN
20
B
70
I
TL: 1:50
6000
La 30x3 mm
Bu long M20
450
250
CHI TIET AU PHAN PHOI KH

TL: 1: 2
200
B
300
TR NG AI HOC BACH KHOA

THANH PHO HO CH MINH
KHOA MOI TR NG
MAT BANG CHI TIET 1:

T le : 1: 50
So ban ve: 3
Goi ch I bang be tong SV thiet ke Ban ve so: 3
TL: 1:10 NHT: 18/6/2001
NBV: 23/6/2001
4.2.3. B lng 2
C nhim v lng trong nc sau khi x l sinh hc.
Trang 133
Qt
(Q + Qt)Co + Vt = S : do tun hon
C=0 Q
+ VL: vn tc lng ca ht.
+ Nng ht ti cc mt
CL ct L v T l CL, CT.
L
Vp = VL + Vt
T
Vp = Vt
QtCt
PT cn bng:
G = (Q + Qt)Co = S.VPL.CL
G = (Q + Qt)Co = S.VPL.CTR
(Q + Qt)Co
S= CtVt
Gi l h s tun hon: Qt = .Q
Do :
Q(1 + ).Co
S= Ct.VL
TNH TON B LNG II:
1/ Din tch mt bng ca b lng II:
Q(1 + ).Co
S >= Ct.VL
Vi:
+ Q: lu lng nc thi (m3/h).
+ : h s tun hon, ly = 0,6-0,8
+ Co: nng bn hot tnh trong b sinh hc.
Co = .X ( ~ 0,8)
+ Ct: nng bn trong vng tun hon (7000-15000 mg/l)
+ VL: vn tc lng ca mt phn chia L.
VL = Vmax.e-KCL.10-6 (m/h)
Vi:
- Vmax = 7 m/h
- K = 600 (khi 50 < SVI <150) v y l thng s phi s dng.
2/ Din tch bung trung tm
fB = 10% S
3/ Tng din tch b
F = S + fB
4/ Thng xy dng dng b trn (li tm)
Trang 134
4 xF
D=

5/ ng knh bung phn phi
4 xf B
d= ( d = 25%D)

6/ Kim tra li fB, S

7/ Ti trng thu lc
Q
a= S (m3/m2.ngy)
8/ Vn tc i ln ca nc trong b
a
V = 24 (m/h)
9/ Mng t vng ngoi c
Dmng = 80% D
10/ Chiu di mng thu nc
L = Dmng
11/ Ti trng chiu di mng
Q
aL = L
12/ Ti trng bn
Q(1 + )Co
b= 24.S (kg/m2h)
13/ Chiu cao b
+ h1: Chiu cao mt thong d tr (0,3-0,5m).
+ h2: Chiu cao phn nc trong (2-6m).
+ h3: Chiu cao phn chp y b c dc 2% : h3 = 2%R
+ h4: Chiu cao cha bn : H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 (m)
14/ Th tch phn cha bn
Vb = S h4
15/ Lng bn cha trong b lng
Ctb = Vb.Ctb (kg)
C + Ct C
(Gtb = L , CL = t )
2 2
16/ Thi gian lu nc trong b lng
V
T=
Q(1 + )
+ Dung tch b lng: V = H.S
17/ Thi gian c t cn
Vbn
T2 = Q + Q
t x
V d p dng 1
a. Din tch mt bng ca b lng c tnh theo cng thc:
Q x (1+ ) x Co
F=
Ct x VL
Trong :
Q: Lu lng nc thi bng 1500 m3/ngy = 62.5 m3/h.
: H s tun hon ly 0.75.
Trang 135
C0: Nng bn hot tnh trong b aerotent.
X 3000
Co = = = 3750 (mg / l ) .
0.8 0.8
Ct: Nng bn trong dng tun hon bng 10000 (mg/l)
VL: Vn tc lng ca b mt phn chia ng vi nng CL.
Ct 10000
CL = = = 5000 (mg / l ) .
2 2
VL c xc nh theo cng thc.
6 6
VL =Vmax x e K x C L x 10 = 7 x e 600 x 5000 x 10 = 0.35 (m / h).
Trong :
Vmzx =7m/h.
K = 600.
Vy:
62.5 x (1 + 0.75) x 3750

F= = 117.1875 (m 2 ) =118(m 2 ).
10000 x 0.35
Nu k c bung phn phi trung tm
Fb =1.1 x 118 = 129.8 (m2) = 130 (m2).

Xy dng mt b lng trn raian. ng knh b: 250
4 Fbe 4 x130
D= = = 13 (m)
3.14
ng knh bung phn phi:
d = 0.25 x D = 0.25 x 13 = 3.25 (m).
Din tch bung phn phi trung tm:
3.252 x 3.14
f = = 8.3 (m 2 ) .
4
Vy din tch vng lng ca b:
SL = 103 8.3 = 125.7 (m2).
Ti trng thy lc:
Q 1500
a= = = 12 (m3 / m 2 .ngay ) .
S L 125.7
Vn tc i ln ca nc trong b.
a 12
V = = = 0.5 (m / h)
24 24
Mng thu nc t vng trn c ng knh bng 0.8 ng knh b.
Dmng = 0.8 x 13 = 10.4m.

Chiu di mng thu nc :
L = x Dmng = 3.14 x 10.4 = 32.656 (m).
Ti trng thu nc trn 1m di ca ng:
Trang 136
Q 1500
aL = = = 45.93 <125(m3 / m 2 .ngay ) .
L 32.656
Ti trng bn:
b=
(Q + Qt ) x Co = 1.75 x1500 x 3750 x103 = 3.26 (kg / m 2 .h)
24 x S L 24 x125.7
b.Xc nh chiu cao b :
Chn chiu cao b H = 4m; chiu cao d tr trn mt thong h1 = 0.3 m. Chiu cao nc trong b l
3.7 m. Gm:
Chiu cao phn nc trong h2 = 1.5m.
Chiu cao phn chp y b c dc 2% v tm:
h3 = 0.02 x 6.5 = 0.13 (m).
Chiu cao cha bn phn hnh tr:
h4 = H h1 h2 h3 = 4 0.3 1.5 0.13 = 2.07 (m).
Th tch phn cha bn.
Vb = S x h4 = 130 x 2.07 = 269.1 (m3).
Nng bn trung bnh trong b :
CL + C t 5000 +10000
Ctb = = = 7500 ( g / m3 ) = 7.5 (kg / m3 ).
2 2
Lng bn cha trong b lng:
Gbn = Vb x Gtb = 269.1 x 7.5 = 2018.25 (kg).
Lng bn cn thit trong mt b aeroten
Gcn = n xV x Co = 1 x 426.25 x 3.750 = 1598 (kg)..
c.Thi gian lu nc trong b lng:
Dung tch trong b lng:
V = H x S = 3.7 x 130 = 481(m3).
Nc i vo b lng:
QL = (1 + ) x Q = 1.75 x 62.5 = 109.375 (m3/h).
Thi gian lng:
V 481
T= = = 4.39 ( gio)
Q + Qt 109.375
Thi gian c c cn:
Vbun 269.1 x 24
T2 = = = 5.67 ( gio)
Qt + Qxa 0.75 x1500 +13.4
V d p dng 2
- Din tch tit din t ca ng trung tm
Trang 137
Q tt (1 + 0, 6) * 0, 0035
F1 = = = 0, 28( m 2 )
V 0, 02
Trong : Vtt: Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong ng trung tm, ly khng ln
hn 30 (mm/s) (iu 6.5.9 TCXD-51-84).
Chn Vtt = 20 (mm/s) = 0,02 (m/s)
Qtt: Lu lng tnh ton khi c tun hon, Qtt = (1 + )*Qmaxs
- Din tch tit din t ca b lng ng
Q tt (1 + 0 , 6 ) * 0 , 0035
F2 = = = 11 , 2 ( m 2 )
V 0 , 0005
Trong : V: Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong b lng ng,
V = 0,0005 (m/s) (iu 6.5.6 TCXD-51-84).
- Din tch tng cng ca b lng 2:
F = F1 + F2 = 0,28 + 11,2 = 11,48 (m2)
- ng knh ca b :
4F 4 *11, 48
D = = = 3, 8( m )
3,14
- ng knh ng trung tm:
4 * F1 4 * 0 , 28 = 0,59 m 0,6 m
d= =

- Chiu cao tnh ton ca vng lng trong b lng ng:
htt = V*t = 0,0005*1,5*3600 = 2,7 (m)
Trong : t: Thi gian lng, t = 1,5 gi (iu 6.5.6 TCXD-51-84).
V: Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong b lng ng,
V = 0,0005 (m/s) (iu 6.5.6 TCXD-51-84).
- Chiu cao phn hnh nn ca b lng ng c xc nh:
h n = h2 + h3 = ( D d
3 , 8 0 , 5 )*tg50o = 1,96 2 (m)
n
) * tg = (
2 2
Trong : h2: chiu cao lp trung ha (m)
h3: chiu cao gi nh ca lp cn lng trong b
D: ng knh trong ca b lng, D = 3,8 (m)
dn: ng knh y nh ca hnh nn ct, ly dn = 0,5 m
: gc ngang ca y b lng so vi phng ngang, khng nh hn 500, chn
= 50o
- Chiu cao ca ng trung tm ly bng chiu cao tnh ton ca vng lng v bng 2,7 m.
. ng knh phn loe ca ng trung tm ly bng chiu cao ca phn ng loe v bng 1,35 ng
knh ng trung tm:
D1 = hl = 1,35 * d = 1,35 * 0,6 = 0,81 (m), chn D1 = 0,8 (m)
. ng knh tm chn: ly bng 1,3 ng knh ming loe v bng:
Dc = 1,3 * Dl = 1,3 * 0,8 = 1,04 (m)
. Gc nghing gia b mt tm chn so vi mt phng ngang ly bng 17o
- Chiu cao tng cng ca b lng ng s l:
Trang 138
H = htt + hn + hbv = htt + (h2 + h3) + hbv = 2,7 + 2 + 0,3 = 5 (m)
Trong : hbv: khong cch t mt nc n thnh b, hbv = 0,3 (m)

thu nc lng, dng h thng mng vng chy trn xung quanh thnh b. Thit k mng thu
nc t theo chu vi vnh trong ca b, ng knh ngoi ca mng chnh l ng knh trong ca b.
- ng knh mng thu: Dmng = 80% ng knh b
Dmng = 0,8*3,8 = 3,04 3,1 (m)
- Chiu di mng thu nc:
L= Dmng = 3,14 * 3,1 = 9,734 (m)
- Ti trng thu nc trn 1m di ca mng:
Q 150 *1, 6
aL = = = 24, 65 (m3/mdi.ngy)
L 9, 734
Kim tra li thi gian lng nc
- Th tch phn lng:

Vl =
4
(D 2
)
d 2 * h tt =
3,14
4
( )
3,8 2 0 ,6 2 * 2 ,7 = 29 ,8 m 3 ( )
- Thi gian lng:
Vl 2 9 ,8
t= = = 1, 4 9 2 (h )
Q + Q th 1 2 , 5 * (1 + 0 , 6 )
- Th tch phn cha bn:
V b = F * h n = 11 , 48 * 1 , 96 = 22 , 5 m ( ) 3
- Thi gian lu bn:

Vb 22 , 5
tb = = = 2 , 9 (h )
Q x +Q th 0 , 23 + 7 , 5
Trong : Qx: Lu lng bn thi: Qx = 5,6 (m3/ng) = 0,23 (m3/h)
Qth: Lu lng bn tun hon: Qth = 0,6*12,5 = 7,5 (m3/h)
Cc thng s thit k b lng II
STT Tn thng s S liu dng thit k n v
1 Din tch tit din t ca ng trung tm 0,28 (m2)

(f)
2 Din tch tit din t ca b lng (F) 11,2 (m2)
3 ng knh ng trung tm (d) 0,6 (m)
4 ng knh ca b lng(D) 3,8 (m)
5 Chiu cao b (H) 5 (m)
6 Thi gian lng (t) 1,5 gi
7 ng knh mng thu 3,1 (m2)
Trang 139
+1.90 MAT CAT A-A T LE 1:20 LAN CAN TAY VN STK 34

MAT BANG BE LANG NG T LE 1:20
HANH LANG CONG TAC
ONG PVC 114 DAN NC THAI T
BE AEROTEN
+1.15 +1.15
TAM CHAN CHAT NOI
CAU THANG LEO
0.00 PHEU THU CHAT NOI 0.00 ONG PVC 114 DAN NUC RA NGUON
MANG RANG CA
ONG XA CHAT NOI 150 MNG THU NC

ONG PVC 114 DAN
NC THAI T BE AEROTEN ONG XA BUN 150
ONG TRUNG TAM 600
SAN CONG TAC
TAM CHAN ONG TRUNG TAM 600

MANG RANG CA
PHEU THU CHAT NOI
BETONG COT THEP M200
TAM CHAN CHAT NOI
ONG XA CHAT NOI 150

ONG PVC150 XA BUN
ONG LOE
-3.25 -3.25
DAY NEO
ONG DAN PVC 114 DAN NC
CHI TIET SAN CONG TAC T LE 1:20

TAM CHAN
THEP KHUNG L50X50X5

ONG TRUNG TAM
KHUNG THEP THANG LEO L40X40X4 4 LO 14 BAT VI BULONG M12 CHON SAN
BETONG LOT M75 TRONG THANG BE
-5.25
LI THEP L18 HAN CHAT
VAO KHUNG THEP
CHI TIET MANG THU NC T LE 1:10

CHI TIET ONG NOI PVC 114 QUA TNG T LE 1:10
MANG RANG CA
CHI TIET MANG RANG CA T LE 1:5 BULONG M10
KHAU RANG NGOAI RAU THEP 6 HAN CHAT

VAO PHU TUNG ONG
ONG SAT TRANG KEM

RANG MOT AU
ONG PVC 114 KHE DCH CHUYEN 12mm
LP EM CAO SU
ONG SAT TRANG
KEM ATIEN RANG SAN
4.2.4. X l nc thi bng vi sinh k kh (b UASB)

4.2.4.1. Cu to:
Kh
300
1000
(Vng lng)
2000
NT ra
>=55
450
1200
(Vng XL)
Dn nc
vo
Trang 140
4.2.4.2. Nguyn tc
Nc thi sau khi iu chnh pH v dinh dng c dn vo y b v nc thi i ln vi
vn tc 0,6-0,9 m/h. Qu trnh x l nc thi bng phng php k kh xy ra (bn + nc
thi) to ra kh (70-80% CH4)
4.2.4.3. TNH TON

1/ Hiu qu lm sch
Sv - Sr
E= Sv
2/ Lng S kh 1 ngy
G = Q (Sv Sr),10-3 (kg/ngy)
3/ Ti trng COD c b: ph thuc cc ngun thi (4 -18 kg COD/m3.ng)
4/ Dung tch x l ym kh cn thit
G
V = a (m3)
5/ Tc nc i ln (v = 0,6-0,9m/h)
6/ Din tch b cn thit
Q
F= v
7/ Chiu cao phn x l
V
H1 = F
8/ Chiu cao
H = H1 + H2 + H3
Vi:
+ H1: chiu cao phn x l
+ H2: chiu cao vng lng : H2 = (1,2-2m)
+ H3: chiu cao d tr : H3 = (0,3-0,5m)
9/ Thi gian lu nc
V H.F.24
T=Q .24 = Q
ngy ngy
V d p dng 1. Tnh b UASB cho cng trnh x l nc thi Thy sn cng sut 300m3/ngy m
Khi i qua cc cng trnh x l trc th hm lng COD gim t 20 40 %. Chn hiu qu x l ca
cc cng trnh pha trc l 0 % th hm lng COD u vo ca b UASB l: CODv = 500
(mgCOD/l)
Trong b UASB duy tr s n nh ca qu trnh x l ym kh phi duy tr c tnh trng
cn bng th gi tr pH ca hn hp nc thi t 6,6 7,6.Gi s rng,t l cht dinh dng l ph hp
cho thch nghi v pht trin vi sinh vt.
to iu kin tt cho hot ng phn hy cc hp cht hu c thnh kh mtan gi tr pH
trong b x l phi thch hp: 6,8 7,5. Do trc khi nc thi vo b UASB ta tin hnh b sung
ho cht duy tr gi tr pH = 7.
Yu cu nc thi trc khi vo cng trnh x l ym kh tip theo ch tiu COD cn t l
325 mg/l.
A. Tnh ton kch thc b :

Lu lng nc vo b l : QV=300 m /ngy m
Chn hiu xut x l : 65 %
u vo c C0= 500 mgCOD/l
u ra c Ce= 175 mgCOD/l
Lng COD cn kh trong 1 ngy: m = (500 175) *300 * 10-3 =97.5 (kgCOD/ngy)
Trang 141
Chn ti trng COD ca b l: L = 3 (kg COD/m .ngy)
(Trang 455, XLNT th v cng nghip Lm Minh Trit).
Th tch phn x l ym kh cn l:
m 97.5
V= = = 32.5 (m3)
L 3
Tc nc i ln trong b: v = 0.6 0.9 (m/h) m bo bn trong b c duy tr trng thi l
lng.
Chn v = 0.781 (m/h)
=> Din tch b mt l:
Q 300
F= = = 16 (m)
VVao 0.781 * 24
=> Kch thc tit din b: F=B*L= 4 * 4 = 16(m2)
Chiu cao phn x l ym kh l:
V 32.5
H1= = =2.031 (m) 2.1 (m)
F 16
Chiu cao phn lng: H2 1m . (Trang 195 Tnh tn thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi TS. Trnh
Xun Lai)
=> Chn H2 = 1.2 (m)
Chiu cao bo v, chnh l phn thu kh: H3=0.3 (m)
Chiu cao xy dng ca b UASB s l:
Htc= H1+ H2 + h3 = 2.1+1.2+0.3 =3.6 (m)
Trong b thit k 1 ngn lng. Nc i vo ngn lng s c tch bng cc tm chn kh.
Tm chn kh t nghing mt gc (vi 550)
Chn = 550
Gi Hlng : chiu cao ton b ngn lng.
=> HLng= 2 (m).
(Trang 195 Tnh tn thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi TS. Trnh Xun Lai)
H lang + H 3 2 + 0.3
Kim tra: = = 63.89% 30% (Tha yu cu)
H be 3.6
Thi gian lu nc trong ngn lng (tlng 1 h).
Chn tlng= 1 gi.
1
Vlang * Lmatthoang * B * H lang 0,5 *L 3
matthoang *4 * 2( m )
t lang = = 2 = = 1h
Q Q 12.5m 3 / h
Lmtthng=3.125 (m)
Khong cch t m trn cng ca ngn lng n thnh b l: (L-Lmtthng)/2 = (4-3.125)/2= 437
(mm)
Thi gian lu nc trong b (HRT = 4 12 h) :
L B( H be H 3 ) 4 * 4(3.6 0,3)m
HRT = = = 4.224h (Tha yu cu)
Q 12.5m3 / h
B. Tm chn kh v tm hng dng:
Trang 142
Khong cch gia 2 tm chn kh l :b
Vn tc nc qua khe vo ngn lng (vqua khe = 9 10 m/h) [1]
Chn vqua khe = 9m/h
Q 12.5m 3 / h
Ta c: v quakhe = = = 9m / h
S khe 4khe 4m bm
b= 0,087m=87 mm
Trong b UASB, ta b tr 2 tm hng dng v 4 tm chn kh, cc tm ny t song song vi
nhau v nghing so vi phng ngang mt gc 550
Tm chn kh 1:
.Di = B = 4 m
H lang H 2 2 1,2
.Rng = b1 = 0
= = 0.976m
sin 55 sin 55 0
Chn rng = 975 mm
Tm chn kh 2:
on xp m ca 2 tm chn kh ly bng 0,25 m.
.Di = B = 4 m
H2 + H3 h
.Rng = 0,25 m +
sin 55 0
.Vi h = b*sin(900 550 ) = 87*sin 350 = 50 (mm)
1.2 + 0.3 0.050
.Rng = b2 = 0,25m + = 2,02(m)
sin 55 0
Chn rng = 2020 mm
=> Tm hng dng: c t nghing so vi phng ngang mt gc v cch tm chn kh di
87 mm.
Khong cch t nh tam gic ca tm hng dng n tm chn 1:
bkhe 87
l= = = 106mm
cos(90 55 ) cos 35 0
0 0
a1 = bkhe * cos 55 0 = 87 * cos 55 0 = 50mm

a 2 = l a1 = 106 50 = 56mm
h = bkhe sin 55 0 = 87 sin 55 0 71mm
h 71
tg = = = 52 0
a 2 56
= 180 0 2 = 180 0 2 52 0 = 76 0
on nh ra ca tm hng dng nm bn di khe h t 1020 cm. Chn mi bn nh ra 15 cm.

D = 2 l + 2 150 = 2 106 + 2 150 = 512mm
Chiu rng tm hng dng:
D 512
b3 = 2 = 2 = 416mm
sin(90 ) 0 sin(90 52) 0
Chiu di tm hng dng: B = 4 m
C. Tnh mng thu nc :

Chn mng thu nc b tng
Mng thu nc c thit k theo nguyn tc mng thu ca b lng, thit k 1 mng thu nc t gia b chy
dc theo chiu di ca b. Vn tc nc chy trong mng: 0,60,7 m/s (Nguyn Ngc Dung X l nc cp,
NXB Xy Dng, 1999)
Chn Vmng= 0,6 m/s
Din tch mt ct t ca mi mng:
Trang 143
Q 12.5m 3 / s
A= = = 0,0058m 2
Vmang 3600 0,6m / s
Chn chiu ngang mng 200 mm
chiu cao mng 200 mm
Mng b tng ct thp dy 65 mm, c lp thm mng rng ca thp tm khng g, c t dc b, gia cc tm
chn kh. Mng c dc 1% nc chy d dng v phn cui mng. Ti y c t ng thu nc 90
bng thp dn nc sang b Aerotank.
Mng rng ca:
Mng trn gm nhiu rng ca hnh ch V.
Chiu cao mt rng ca: 60 mm
Di on vt nh rng ca: 40 mm
Chiu cao c thanh: 260 mm
Khe dch chnh: Cch nhau 450 mm
B rng khe: 12 mm
Chiu cao: 150 mm
D.Tnh lng kh sinh ra v ng thu kh :
Lng kh sinh ra trong b = 0.5 m 3/kgCODloab (Metcalf & Eddy Waste water engineering
Treating, Diposal, Reuse, MccGraw-Hill, Third edition, 1991)
Qkh = 0,5 m3 /kgCODloab * 97.5kgCODloab /nga

= 48.75 m3/nga = 2.03125 m3/h = 0,564 (l/s)
Trong lng kh metan sinh ra chim 70 80%

Chn metan sinh ra chim 70%.
=> Lng kh methane sinh ra = 0,35 /kgCODloab
QCH4 = 0,35 m3kgCODloab * 97.5 kgCODloab
= 34.125 (m3/nga)
Tnh ng thu kh
Chn vn tc kh trong ng Vkh = 10 m/s
ng knh ng dn kh :
4 * Qkh 4 * 48.75
Dkh = = = 0,0085 m = 8 mm
24 * 3600 * * Vkh 24 * 3600 * * 10
Chn ng knh ng kh 14 ( trong = 8)

Kim tra vn tc kh :
4 xQkh 4 * 0,00056
V kh = = = 11,141 (m/s)
xD 2
* 0,008 2
E.Tnh lng bn sinh ra v ng x bn :
Lng bn sinh ra trong b = 0,05 : 0,1 g VSS/g COD loa b . (Metcalf & Eddy Waste water
engineering Treating, Diposal, Reuse, MccGraw-Hill, Third edition, 1991)
Khi lng bn sinh ra trong mt ngy
Mbn = 0,1 kg VSS/kg CODloi b * 97.5 kg VSS/kg CODloi b /ngy
=9.75 kg VSS/ngy
Theo sch Anaerobic Sewage Treament (Adianus C.van Haander and Gatze lettinna,trang 91 ) v
Lm Minh Trit.
Ta c: 1 m3 bn tng ng 260 kgVSS
Th tch ca bn sinh ra trong mt ngy

M bun 9.75(kgVVS / ngay )
Vbn = = = 0,0375 m3/ngy
P 260(kgVSS / ngay )
Lng bn sinh ra trong mt thng = 0,0375 * 30 = 1.125 m3 /thng
Chiu cao ca bn trong 1 thng :
Vbun 1.125
hbn = = = 0.070 m
F 4*4
Trang 144
ng x bn
Chn thi gian x bn 1-3 thng mt ln

Th tch bn sinh ra trong 3 thng
Vbn = 1.125 ( m3/thng) * 3 (thng) = 3.375 m3
Chn thi gian x bn l 3 gi .
Lu lng bn x ra :
3.375
Qbn = = 1.125 m3/h
3
Bn x ra nh p lc thy tnh thng qua 1 ng inox 76,t cch y 400 mm, dc 2%
F. Ly mu :
kim tra s hot ng bn trong b ,dc theo chiu cao b ta t cc van ly mu .Vi cc
mu thu c cng 1 van ,ta c th c on lng bn cao t van . Da vo kt qu o t
v quan st mu sc bn ,t m c s iu chnh thch hp
Trong iu kin n nh , ti trng ca bn gn nh khng i , do mt bn tng ln u
n .Vic ly mu c thc hin u n hng ngy
Khi m van , cn iu chnh sao cho bn ra t t m bo thu c bn gn ging trong b
v nu m van ln qu thi` nc s thot ra nhiu hn.Th tch mu thng ly 500/1000 m3 .
B cao 3.6 m,do dc theo chiu cao b t 5 van ly mu , cc va t cch nhau 0,5 m.Van
di cng t cch y 0.5 m .
Chn ng v van ly mu bng nha PVC cng 27 ( trong = 20 ).
G. H thng phn phi nc trong b :
Vi loi bn dng ht ,ti trng > 4 kgCOD /m3.ngy th s im phn phi nc trong b cn tha
2 m2 trn u phn phi . Theo Metcalf & Eddy Waste water engineering Treating, Diposal, Reuse,
MccGraw-Hill, Third edition, 1991,
4 x4
S u phn phi cn : = 8 u
2m 2 / dau
Nc t b tuyn ni c bm qua b UASB theo ng ng chnh ,phn phi u ra 4 ng nhnh nh
h thng van v ng h o lu lng t trn tng ng .
Vn tc nc trong ng chnh ( l ng y ca bm ): Vchnh = 1,5 : 2,5 m/s
Chn Vchnh = 2 m/s
Chn ng knh ng chnh :
4Q 4 * (12 . 5 / 3600 ) = 0.047 m =47 mm
Dchnh = =
.Vchnh *2
s dng ng inox 60 (trong = 50) lm ng chnh .
Kim tra vn tc nc trong ng chnh

Q 20,83 / 3600(m 3 / s )
Vchnh = = = 1.7684 m/s
S chnh ( 2 / 4)m 2
Vn tc trong ng nhnh : Vnhnh = 1 : 3 m/s
Chn Vnhnh = 2 m/s .
Lu lng nc trong mi ng nhnh
Q 12.5m 3 / h
Qnhnh = = = 3.125 m3/h
4 4
ng knh ng nhnh
4Q 4 * (3.125 / 3600)
Dchnh = = = 0,024 m = 24 mm
.Vnhanh *2
s dng ng inox 27 (trong = 24) dn nc phn phi trong UASB.
Kim tra vn tc nc trong ng nhnh :
Q 3.125 / 3600(m 3 / s)
Vnhnh = = = 1.919 m/s
S nhanh ( 2 / 4)m 2
H. Bm :
Lu lng cn bm Q = 12.5 m3/h.
Ct p ca bm : H = z + h (m H2O)
z : khong cch t mt nc b tuyn ni n mt nc b UASB .
Trang 145
h : tng tn tht ca bm ,bao gm tn tht cc b ,tn tht dc ng ng ,tn tht qua lp bn l
lng trong b UASB.
Mt cch gn ng ,chn z = 4 m H2O
h = 7 m H2O
H = 4+ 7 = 11 m H2O
Cng sut yu cu trn trc bm :
Q. p.g .H (12.5 / 3600)m 3 * 1000kg / m 3 * 9.81m / s 2 * 11m
N= = = 0,468 kw
1000. 1000 * 0.8
Vy chn bm ly tm cng sut 0.75 kw= 1 (HP )
CHI TIET 2
MAT CAT A-A MAT CAT B-B
T LE 1/5
CHI TIET 1
HANH LANG CONG TAC
4000 4000 4000
ONG THU KH -
30
+6.800
+6.000
300
MAT CAT C -C
270
Van lay mau
15
MANG THU NC
1600
0
40
0
1000
172
56

150
12
00
1000
0
450
15
4100
500
1000
40
ONG THU BUN - CHI TIET 2
500
1000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1400 1400 980
+ 0.000
1000
TAM KEP GI ONG

300
- 0.600
MAT BANG
300
200
C C
300 300 12000
BULONG
MAT BANG BE UASB

200
CHI TIET 1
T LE 1/ 5
ONG THU NC -
B ONG THU NC - 400

EM CAO SU MANG THU NC
1000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
TAM INOX T LE 1/5
50
300
75
200
75
BULONG
MANG RANG CA
100 200 100

5000
75
150
BULONG M10
300
EM CAO SU
MANG RANG CA
100 250 100
5000
T LE 1/10
20 60 40 KHE DCH CHNH 12mm
300
60
200
B
25 50 480
CAU THANG
2500
ONG PHAN PHOI NC -
TRNG H BACH KHOA

TP. HO CH MINH O AN MON HOC KY THUAT X LY NC THAI
KHOA MOI TRNG
TY LE : 1/50
THIE T KE BE X LY SINH HOC NC
THAI NGANH THUOC DA SO BAN VE: 3
SVTH QUACH.M.TUAN BAN VE SO :3
GVHD NG .TAN PHONG CHI TIET BE UASB 6/2001
CNBM NG.VAN PHC
V d p dng 2. Tnh b UASB cho cng trnh x l NT c cc thong s cho trong bi

1) Hiu qu x l COD, BOD ca UASB l 75% (tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi,
Trnh Xun Lai, 2001)
BODra= 1367 - (1367*75%)= 342 mg/l
- Hiu qu x l COD.
CODra= 2236 - (2236*75%)= 517 mg/l
- Hiu qu x l N, P:
T l BOD : N : P trong b UASB tt nht = 350 : 5 : 1.
Nng c BOD b kh: 1367*0.75 = 1025.25mg/l
1025.25 * 5
Nng N b kh tng ng: = = 17 mg / l
350
1025.25 * 1
Nng P b kh tng ng: = = 3mg / l
350
N ra = 111 17 = 94mg / l
Pra = 27 3 = 24mg / l
Trang 146
- Lng COD cn kh mi ngy.
G = 1000m3*(75%*2236)=1677 kgCOD/ngy
- Ti trng kh COD ca b, theo quy phm t 4 - 18 kg COD/m3. ngy.Chn a=7 kgCOD/ngy.
2) Th tch x l ym kh cn thit.
G 1677
V= = = 240m3
a 7
3) gi lp bn trng thi l lng tc nc dng trong b khong
0,6-0,9m/h (Tnh ton thit k h thng x l nc thi, Trnh Xun Lai,2001 ).
Chn v = 0,9m3/h
- Din tch b cn thit
Q 1000
F= = = 46.3 m2
v 24 * 0.9
4) Chiu cao cn x l ym kh.
V 240
H1 = = = 5.2m
F 46.3
5) Tng chiu cao b.
H=H1+H2+H3
H1: chiu cao cn phi x l ym kh.
H2: Chiu cao vng lng, chiu cao ny phi ln hn 1 m bo khng gian an ton cho vng lng. Chn
H2=1,5m
H3: Chiu cao d tr chn 0,3m
=> H=5.2+1,5+0,3= 7 m.
6) Kim tra thi gian lu nc.
V
T= 24h
Q
Vi V=H*F= 7*46.3=324.1 (m3).
324.1
=> T = * 24 = 7.78h
1000
7) Kch thc b:
Vi din tch F= 46.3 m2, chiu cao tng cng H=7 m
chiu di b L=8m
Chiu rng b B=5.9m
8) Nc khi vo ngn lng s c tch kh bng cc tm chn kh t nghing so vi phng ngang
mt gc 45-600. Chn 500
H lang + H 3
tg 500 = H lang + H 3 = tg 500 * B 2
B2
=>Hlng=3.46 0,3 = 3.16m, >30% so vi chiu cao b nn tha mn iu kin thit k.
9) Trong b lp 1 tm hng dng.
Vi mt tm hng dng lp 4 tm chn kh, t theo hnh ch V, mi bn t 2 tm, cc tm ny t
song song vi nhau v nghing so vi phng ngang 1 gc 500.
Chn khe h cc tm chn ny bng nhau.
Trang 147
Tng din tch cc khe h chim 15-20% tng din tch b.
Chn Fkhe=0,15Fb
Trong ngn c 4 khe h, din tch mi khe.
0.15 * Fbe 0.15 * 46.3
Fkhe = = = 1.74m 2
sokhe 4
Khong cch (b rng) gia cc khe h.
Fkhe 1.77
l= = = 0.435m
sokhe 4
H3
T m ch n
lang
kh 2
T m ch n
kh 1
10) Tm chn kh 1. 435
Chiu di l1=L=8m T mh ng
Chiu rng b1. dng
H lang H 2 3.16 1.5

b1 = 0
= = 2.17 m
sin 50 sin 500
11) Tm chn kh 2:
Chiu di l2= L = 8m
Chiu rng b2
h = 435 * sin(90 50) = 280mm
di tm b2 chng ln b1 chn 400mm
H 2 + H3 h 1.5 + 0.3 0.280
b2 = 400 + = 400 + = 2.38m
sin 50 sin 50
12) Tm hng dng c t nghing so vi phng ngang 1 gc 500 v cch tm chn kh 1 l 435mm
Khong cch gia hai tm chn kh l L=4X.
Vi X=435*cos 500=280mm
=>L=4X=4*280=1119mm 1.12m
Trang 148
Tm hng dng c chc nng chn bn i ln phn x l ym kh ln phn lng nn rng y D

gia hai tm hng dng phi ln hn L.
on nh ra ca tm hng dng nm bn di khe h t 10-20cm, chn mi bn nh ra 20cm.
=>D=1120+400=1520m
Chn D=1520m
D 1520
Chiu rng tm hng dng = 2 = 2 = 1182mm
Cos500 Cos500
13) Tnh ton ng phn phi nc:
Vn tc nc chy trong ng ng chnh dao ng t 0.8-2m/s.Chn vng=1m/s
ng knh ng chnh:
4*Q 4 * 1000
Dongchinh = = = 0.122m = 122mm
3.14 * vong * 24 * 3600 3.14 * 1 * 24 * 3600
Vy chn ng chnh l thp khng g c ng knh 125mm.
Kim tra li vn tc nc chy trong ng:
4*Q
vong = 2
= 0.943m / s , gn bng 1m/s (tha).
Dongchinh * 3.14 * 24 * 3600
14) H thng u phn phi nc:
B UASB c thit k c tng cng 15 u phn phi nc.
Kim tra din tch trung bnh ca 1 u phn phi nc:
8 * 5.8
an = = 3.1m 2 (nm trong khong cho php t 2-5m2/u.)
15
15) ng knh ng nhnh
Trang 149
Chn vn tc nc chy trong ng nhnh vnhnh= 1.5m/s.
Chn 5 ng nhnh phn phi nc vo b. Cc ng ny t vung gc chiu di b. Mi ng cch nhau 1.6m,
2 ng st tng t cch tng 0.8m.
ng knh ng nhnh:
4 * Qongnhanh 4 * 1000
Dongnhanh = = 5 = 0.044m = 44mm
3.14 * vongnhanh * 24 * 3600 3.14 * 1.5 * 3600 * 24
Chn ng knh ng nhnh Dong nhanh= 45mm.
Kim tra li vn tc nc chy trong ng nhnh:
4 * Qongnhanh
vongnhanh = 2
= 1.46m / s
D
ongnhanh * 3.14 * 24 * 3600
16) L phn phi nc:
Tng cng c 15 u phn phi nc trn 5 ng nhnh.
mt ng nhnh s c 3 u phn phi nc.
Ti 1 u phn phi nc b tr 2 l theo 2 pha ca ng ng..
Qongnhanh 200
Lu lng qua l phn phi: Q phanphoi = = = 33.333m3 / ngy.
6 6
ng knh l phn phi:
4 * Q phanphoi 4 * 200
Dlo = = 6 = 0.018m = 18mm
3.14 * v phanphoi * 24 * 3600 3.14 * 1.5 * 24 * 3600
Vn tc nc qua l phn phi = 1.5m/s.
l phn phi c ng knh 18mm.
Cc ng phn phi nc t cch y 20cm.
17) Tnh lng kh sinh ra
Lng kh sinh ra trong b tng ng: 0.5m3/1kgCODloi b
Th tch kh sinh ra trong ngy:
Vkh = 0.5 *1677 = 838.5m3 / ngy.

Lng kh metan sinh ra tng ng 0.35m3/1kgCODloi b
Th tch kh metan sinh ra: Vkhme tan = 0.35 *1677 = 586.95m3 / ngy.
18) ng knh ng thu kh:
Vn tc kh trong ng t 10-15m/s.
Chn vn tc kh trong ng 10m/s.
Lp 2 ng dn kh 2 bn thnh b
ng knh ng dn kh:
Qkhi
4*
2 4 * 419.25
Dkhi = = = 0.025m
3.14 * vkhi * 24 * 3600 3.14 *10 * 24 * 3600
Chn ng knh ng dn kh 50mm.
19) Lng bn sinh ra:
Trang 150
Lng bn sinh ra tron b tng ng 0.05-0.1gVSS/gCODloai bo.
Khi lng bn sinh ra trong 1 ngy:
M bun = 0.1 *1677* = 167.7kgVSS / ngay.

Theo quy phm: 1m3 bn tng ng 260kg VSS.
Th tch bn sinh ra trong 1 ngy:
167.7
Vbun = = 0.645m3 / ngay
260
Chn thi gian lu bn l 3 thng:
Lng bn sinh ra trong 3 thng = 0.645*30*3= 58 m3
58
Chiu cao bn trong 3 thng: = = 1.24m
46.3
20) ng knh ng thu bn:
Chn thi gian x cn l 120 pht.
58
Lng cn i vo ng thu bn trong 120 pht: = = 0.008m3 / s
120 * 60
B tr 3 ng thu bn, cc ng ny t vung gc vi chiu rng b, mi ng cch nhau 1.94m, 2 ng st
tng cch tng 0.96m
Vn tc bn trong ng chn 0.5m/s.
0.008
Din tch ng x cn: Fbun = = 0.0054m 2
3 * 0.5
4*S 4 * 0.0054
ng knh ng thu bn: D = = = 0.0083m = 83mm
3.14 3.14
Chn ng knh ng 85mm
21) S l c trn ng thu bn:
Chn tc bn qua l v = 0.5m/s
Chn ng knh l dlo= 30mm.
3.14 * d lo2 3.14 * 0.032

din tch l: f lo = = = 0.0071m 2
4 4
0.008
Tng din tch l trn 1 ng x cn: Flo = = 0.0054m 2
3 * 0.5
Flo 0.0054
S l trn 1 ng: n = = = 7.6
f lo 0.00071
Chn s l trn 1 ng 8.
3 ng s c 24 l.
22) ng knh ng thu bn trung tm:
Chn vn tc 0.3m/s
4 * 0.008
ng knh ng thu bn: D = = 185mm
3.14 * 0.3
Theo TCXD 51-84, ng knh ng thu bn ti thiu 200mm. Chn ng knh ng trung tm l 200mm.
23) Mng thu nc:
Trang 151
Mng thu nc t gia b chy dc theo chiu rng ca b.
Mng trn gm nhiu rng ca hnh ch V. Cng thc tnh lu lng qua mi rng mng hnh ch V
8 5
Q= Cd tg 2g H 2
15 2
0
Trong : : gc nh tam gic, chn = 90
g : gia tc trng trng
H : chiu cao ct nc trn nh tam gic, chn H = 0,04 m
Cd : h s lu lng
0.7
Cd = 0.56 +
R W 0.17
0.165
gH 2 1000 * 9.81 * 0.042

Trong : W = = = 224
70.10 3
: sc cng mt ngoi ca nc = 70.10-3
H gH 0.04 * 9.81 * 0.04

R= = = 36.7
0.8545.10 3
-3 0
: nht ng hc ca nc = 0,8545.10 Pas ( 27 C)
Cd = 0.71
8 900 5 3
Q= * 0.71 * tg * 2 * 9.81 * 0.04 2 = 0.00054 m
15 2 s
1000
S rng ca trn mng: n = = 26
24 * 3600 * 0.00045
Nh vy hai bn mng thu nc mi bn c 13 rng.
8
l= = 0.57m
13 + 1
Chiu rng mng chn b=0.3m.
Nc chy trong mng vi vn tc v = 0.24m/s, dc mng i=0.05
8
Thi gian trung bnh lu nc trong mng: t = = 17 s (17 giy).
2 * 0.24
1000
Th tch mng thu: V = Q *t = *17 = 0.197m3
24 * 3600
V 0.197
Chiu cao mng thu nc: h = = = 0.082m
L * b 8 * 0.3
Tng chiu cao mng thu nc: = 0.04 + 0.082 = 0.122m, chn 0.15m (do c thm chiu cao d tr mng rng
ca).
Chiu cao mng thu nc cui b: 0.15 + 0.05*8 =0.55m
Trang 152
8000
550 M t
570
23) Lp t cc ng dn bn:
M cn c
24) Tnh tn tht ct nc v chn bm:

p dng phng trnh becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 (mt thong b gn m) v mt ct 2-2 (mt ct ti l
phn phi nc ca b UASB ).
P1 1v12 P2 1v22
Z1 + + + H = Z2 + + + h1 2
2g 2g
Suy ra ct p my bm:
P2 P1 2v22 1v12
H = ( Z 2 Z1 ) + + + h1 2
2g
Trong Z2-Z1: chnh lch cao gia 2 mt ct = -2.3m
P1, P2: p sut ti mt ct 1, 2.
P1: p sut kh quyn 1.0*105 (N/m2).
P2: p sut ti mt ct 2.
P2 = Pthoang + gH = 1.2 *105 + 1000 * 9.81* 6.7 = 185727

Pthoang: p sut ti mt thong b UASB. Do c cha 1 lng kh nn gi s p sut 1.2*105
Trang 153
1 , 2 =1. (do nc chy trong ng l chy ri.)

v1, v2: vn tc ti mt ct 1, v 2. (v1=0, v2=1.5 m/s)
h 1 2 : tng tn tht.
a) Tng tn tht:
h 1 2 = hd + hc
hd : tn tht dc ng.
hd = hd _ 125 + hd _ 45 = 0.1176 + 1.21 = 1.3276m
hd _ 125 : tn tht dc ng trong ng chnh c ng knh 125mm.
l v2
hd _ 125 =
d 2g
Vi v l vn tc nc chy trong ng, v =1m/s
: h s ma st. Ph thuc vo s Renol
vd 1*0.125*1000
Re = = = 246284 >105
0.8545*103
Nn c tnh theo cng thc Conacop:
1 1
= = = 0.0148
(1.8lg Re 1.5) 2
(1.8lg 246284 1.5) 2
l: chiu di ng bng 19.4m.
d: ng knh ng bng 0.125m.
l v2 19.4 1
Suy ra hd _125 = = 0.0148 = 0.1176m
d 2g 0.125 2 g
hd _ 45 : tn tht dc ng qua ng ng nhnh c ng knh 45mm.
l v2
hd _ 45 =
d 2g
Vi v l vn tc nc chy trong ng, v =1.5m/s
: h s ma st. Ph thuc vo s Renol
vd 1.5 * 0.045 *1000
Re = = = 78994 . 2320 < Re < 105
0.8545 *10 3
0.3164 0.3164
Nn c tnh theo cng thc Blazious: = 0.25
= = 0.019
Re (78994)0.25
l: chiu di ng bng 25m.
d: ng knh ng bng 0.045m.
l v2 25 1.52
Suy ra hd _ 45 = = 0.019 = 1.21m
d 2g 0.045 2 g
Trang 154
hc : tn tht cc b hc = hc _ 125 + hc _ 45 = 0.044 + 1.66 = 1.71m
v2
hc _ 125 =
2g
= 1 + 6 2 = 0.2 + 6 * 0.11 = 0.86
1 : h s tr lc khi vo ng ht.
2 : h s tr lc khc cong 900
v2 1 .0
Suy ra hc _ 125 = 2g
= 0.86
2 * 9.81
= 0.044m
v2
hc _ 45 =
2g
= 4 1 + 30 2 = 4 * 0.437 + 30 * 0.424 = 14.468
1 : h s tr lc khi thu hp t ng 125mm qua ng 45mm.

2 : h s tr lc khu thu hp t ng 45mm qua l 18mm
v2 1.52
Suy ra hc _ 45 = = 14.468 = 1.66m
2g 2 * 9.81
h 1 2 = hd + hc = 1.3276 + 1.71 = 3.1m

b) ct p my bm:
P2 P1 2v22 1v12 185727 100000 1*1.52 1* 0

H = ( Z 2 Z1 ) + + + h1 2 = 2.3 + + + 3.1 = 8.8m
2g 1000 * 9.81 2 * 9.81
c) cng sut my bm:

QgH 0.0174 *1000 * 9.81* 8.8
N= = = 1.88kW
1000 1000 * 0.8
Chn 2 bm cng sut 2.0kW. Mt hot ng v 1 d phng.
Q: lu lng nc cn bm (m3/s )
Cc thng s thit k b UASB.
Tn thng s K hiu n v S lng
Chiu cao xy dng H m 7
Chiu di b L m 8
Chiu rng b B m 5.9
Chiu di tm chn kh 1 l1 m 8
B rng tm chn kh 1 b1 m 2.17
Chiu di tm chn kh 2 l2 m 8
B rng tm chn kh 2 b2 m 2.38
Chiu rng tm hng dng D m 1.52
Trang 155
Cnh bn tm hng dng m 1.182
ng knh ng dn nc trung tm mm 125
ng knh ng dn nc phn phi mm 45
S lng ng nhnh cp nc 5
S lng ng thu kh 2
ng knh ng thu kh mm 25
ng knh ng thu bn trung tm mm 200
ng knh ng nhnh thu bn mm 97
S lng ng nhnh thu bn 3
Chiu cao mng thu nc u b Mm 150
Chiu cao mng cui b mm 550
Trang 156

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Bi ging K thut x l nc thi Thc s Lm Vnh Sn

Chng 4: X L NC THI BNG PHNG

4.1. CNG TRNH X L NC THI TRONG IU KIN T NHIN

T l cc nguyn t dinh dng trong nc thi thng l 5:1:2 = N:P:K.

Nc thi CN cng c th s dng nu chng ta loi b cc cht c hi.

s dng nc thi lm phn bn, ng thi gii quyt x l nc thi theo iu

Nguyn tc hot ng : Vic x l nc thi bng cnh ng ti, cnh ng lc da

Cnh ng ti, bi lc thng c xy dng nhng ni c dc t nhin, cch

Khong cch v sinh ph thuc vo cng sut:

Tiu chun ti i vi cnh ng cng cng

to TB nm ca Tiu chun ti ((m3/ha.ng.)

Loi cy trng T/C ti (m3/ha)

T/C ph thuc mc nc ngm

F = Fdt + Ftd + K(Fdt + Ftd)

+ P: chiu cao lp nc tiu i trong ngy

4.1.3. H sinh hc:

k20 = (0.5-1): nc thi sinh hot

Cc s liu u vo tnh ton:

4.2. CNG TRNH X L SINH HC NHN TO

CHI TIET THAP LOC SINH HOC

DAN PHAN PHOI NC

VAT LIEU LOC

350 150 COT 300 x 300 mm

300 300 150

THANG THAM CAC H BO TR HE THON G PHAN PHOI NC

VAT LIEU LOC

300 19300 300

CA NC TUAN HOAN LAI CA NC QUA BE AEROTEN 1000

1000 2020 3980

CAC H SAP XEP VAT LIEU LOC

SVTH NGUYEN KHA TUAN

Lc sinh hc c vt liu khng ngp nc

Cu to: c vt liu tip xc khng ngp nc.

Thng s n v o Ti trng thp Ti trng cao

+ W: ti trng BOD ca b lc (kg/ngy)

6 < tkk < 10oC: CO = 250

2/ Xc nh li th tch VL lc theo hiu sut Eo

4/ Din tch b lc:

Nu Hnh ch nht: S = DxR

+ f: lng BOD20 nc thi

Co = P.H.KT/ (g BOD5 / m2.ngy)

+ H: chiu cao vt liu lc

2/ Ti trng thu lc tnh bng (m3 NT/m3 TTVL lc)

+ Fa: din tch b mt VL lc trn 1 n v VL lc (m2/m3)

10.2.2._ B lc sinh hc c lp VL ngp trong nc thi

CHI TIET BE LOC SINH HOC

MANG CHAY TRAN ONG DAN NC THAI RA 250 LAN CAN

ONG DAN KH NHANH 60 CAU THANG

0.00 0.00 0.00

MAT CAT A-A

ONG DAN NC THAI RA 250

1000 1000 1000

SO ? KHNG GIAN M? NG LU ? I PHN PH? I KH

THIET KE HE THONG X LY NUC THAI SINH HOAT TY LE 1:1

KHU DAN C TAN QUY ONG-QUAN 7 SO BAN VE: 11

Lc sinh hc c lp vt liu ngp trong nc nc

BOD + NH3 + O2 T bo VS (C5H7NO2) + O2 + H2O

NH3 + CO2 + H2O

Trong lp VL lc BOD b kh v chuyn ho NH4+ NO3-

Bi tp p dng 1. Tnh ton b lc sinh hc c lp vt liu ngp nc

Trong : So : Nng BOD5 u vo b lc sinh hc, So = 190 mg/l

H vl B 0.6 K 2 10 0.6 0.251

34400 ( p 0.29 1) Lkh