Nguyn l ht m

Khi sng m i vo trong b mt bng, nng lng m i vo trong cc khe rng chuyn
thnh cc dao ng cc phn t si bng. Ti y nng lng m thanh mt dn do tc
dng ca ma st v tnh cch ly ca khng kh dao ng gia cc l rng.

iu kin cn c ht m ca vt liu ht m dng si l: Vt liu c s lng ln cc

khe rng, cc khe rng an vo nhau, khe rng nm su trong bn trong vt liu.

Li quan nim ht m thng gp gm c: ch cn b mt th rp sn si l c th ht

m, thc t khng hn nh vy. V d nh mt tng xi mng c x l lm rp, phun
sn, b mt v c bn khng c tc dng ht m. Quan nim sai lm th hai l ch cn
rut vt liu c nhiu l, nh l Xp polyphenyl, polyethylene(PE) th s c kh nng ht
m tt. Thc t cc l rng trong vt liu ny khng c tnh lin thng, sng m khng
th ma st chn ng su bn trong vt liu, bi vy ch s ht m khng cao. HIu n
gin, cc vt liu xp c l rng bn trong nhng khng thm nc th hiu qu ht m
cng khng nhiu.

C hai cch o c ch s ht m ca vt liu: 1 l phng php phng di m, 2 l

phng php sng tr ng. Phng php phng di da trn l t l nng lng mt i
khi m thanh i t cc hng i vo vt liu. Phng php sng tr ng li o c ch s
ht m chnh gc 90 . 2 phng php cho ra nhng h s ht m khc nhau, cng
trnh thng s dng h s ht m phng di, trong khi o c thng xut hin hin
tng h s ht m >1. V mt l lun nng lng ht m khng th ln hn nng lng
m thanh thu vo, ch s ht m <1. V vy khi tin hnh tnh ton gi tr ch s ht m
nhiu nht phi ly phng php 1 lm chun.

Nguyn t nh hng n ch s ht m
- Bng thy tinh c tnh nng ht m trung cao tn tt.
- Cc nguyn t ch yu nh hng n kh nng ht m gm c dy, t trng,
t l khe rng, cu trc phn t v kh nng chn lu lng khng kh. T trng l
trng lng ca vt liu tnh trn mi m3. T l khe rng l t l gia din tch
 khe rng v tng din tch. Cu trc phn t l s sp xp cc si dt hoc ht
trong Bng thy tinh, l n v cn bng lng vt l phn b cc l hoc khe bn
trong Bng. Chn lu lng khng kh l t l gia hai mt ca p sut khng kh
v vn tc khng kh.

- Chn lu lng khng kh l nguyn t quan trng nht trong tnh nng ht m ca
Bng thy tinh. Chn lu lng qu nh ngha l vt liu qu xp, chn ng khng kh
d dng i xuyn qua lm gim tnh nng ht m; chn lu lng qu ln, vt liu qu
chc, chn ng khng kh kh i xuyn, tnh nng ht m cng gim. C th ni Bng
thy tinh l mt trong nhng vt liu c chn lu lng khng kh ht m tt nht. Trn
thc t, rt kh o c s chn lu lng khng kh, nhng ta c th thng qua dy
v dung lng c on v khng ch:

- Kh nng ht m trung thp tn t l thun vi dy Bng thy tinh ( s thay i vi

m cao tn khng nhiu)

- dy khng i, t trng gia tng, ch s ht m trung thp tn cng gia tng; nhng
khi t n mt t trng nht nh, vt liu tr nn chc hn, sc chn lu lng vt
qu mc tt nht, ch s ht m li km hn.

i vi Bng thy tinh dy 5cm t trng 16kg/m3, h s ht m thp tn 125Hz

khong 0.2, trung cao tn (>500Hz) gn bng 1 (h s ht m tt nht). Khi dy >5cm,
h s ht m thp thp tn cng tng; dy >1m, h s ht m thp tn 125Hz cn 1.

Khi dy 5cm khng thay i, t trng tng cao, h s ht m thp tn khng ngng
tng. T trng t 110kg/m3 th tnh nng ht m tt nht, tn sut 125Hz cn 0.6-0.7.
Khi t trng qu 120kg/m3, tnh nng ht m gim v vt liu tr nn rn hn. T trng
qu 300kgm3, tnh nng ht m rt km.

Trong xy dng, Bng thy tinh thng dng gm c: dy 2.5cm, 5cm,10cm; t trng
16,24,32,48,80,96,112kg/m3.
 - Tnh ht m ca Bng thy tinh cn c lin quan mt thit n lp t. Sau lng
Bng thy tinh cha khong khng kh th hiu qu tt hn Bng thy tinh
cng dy sau lng khng c lp khng kh, c bit l tnh nng ht m trung
thp tn. Ch s ht m t l thun vi dy lp khng kh, nhng n dy
nht nh th s ht m khng r rt na.
- 2 loi Bng thy tinh c t trng khc nhau t bn nhau, to thnh hnh thc t
trng tng dn cng c th tng hiu qu ht m. V d nh tm dy 2.5cm t trng
24kg/m3 t cng vi 2.5cm 32kg/m3 th hiu qu cn tt hn c tm Bng thy
tinh 5cm 32kg/m3.

Bng thy tinh 24kg/m3 ch thnh hnh chp kim t thp mt ct di 1m, t trng b mt
vt liu tng dn, ch s ht m bnh qun cn 1.

- Trong kin trc mi ngi thng hay x l b mt bng thy tinh, c th dng vi
si bng thy tinh, vi chng chy, li thuc kim hoc g ht m v c bn c
th duy tr tnh nng ht m ban u. Nu nh tnh nng thng m ca b mt km
s gy nh hng n kh nng ht m cao tn.
Bng thy tinh l mt trong nhng vt liu ht m thng gp v c ph bin
rng ri nht trong ht m xy dng. Nhng cng v b mt th s, d c bi nn
a phn s dng nhng ch khut hoc lm lp lt trong cc bc vch tiu m.
Phng php x l b mt thng dng nht l s dng thch cao c l, g tiu
m, g tn m, bc vi n hoc s dng Bng thy tinh lt trong tng, l nhng
phng php cho gi thnh khng qu cao, vt liu d mua.
Khong cch gia trn thch cao c l v tng/ trn chnh l lp khng kh to
nn s hp th cng hng Helmholtz. Khong cch ny c th l
5cm,10cm,20cm,40cm. khoang rng ny t Bng thy tinh c th tng rt
nhiu hiu qu cng chn ht m, hiu qu ht m trung cao tn. dy khoang
rng trn 20cm th ch cn t Bng thy tinh 5cm t trng 15-24kg/m3 t
hiu qu ht m rt tt.
ng nhin ch s ht m cn c lin quan n tn sut c l, ng knh l,
dy tm.
 Cc loi vt liu b mt tng t trn thch cao c: G tiu m c l hoc i
rnh, tm xi mng dt c l, tm si khong khong c l Sau lng nhng vt
liu ny c khoang rng t Bng thy tinh. trnh bi Bng thy tinh lt ra
ngoi, cn c mt lp mng vt liu thng m nh vi khng dt, vi thy tinh t
gia vt liu b mt v Bng thy tinh.
sn vn ng, nh xe, nhng ni c khng gian rng, Bng thy tinh c s
dng nh rut ca vt liu ht m ch cht. Vt liu ht m c th da trn yu
cu ch thnh dng tm, hnh tr hoc nhng hnh dng khc. Bn trong vt liu
ht m c rut l Bng thy tinh, b mt thng m, hiu qu ht m tt.
- Bng thy tinh cn c s dng nhiu nht trong nhng a im c yu cu cao
v c bit v cht lng m thanh nh rp ht, hi trng, rp phim, thu m
- Mc ch s dng vt liu ht m mi a im khng ging nhau. Trong rp
ht, nhc kch: Bc tng ng sau sn khu biu din hoc lan can tng 2 i
din khn i thng lp tm c l hoc vt liu dt thng m to thnh cu tp
ht m, trnh m thanh di;
- nhng cn phng c dng lm, trnh m thanh tp trung vo mt im nh
hng m cht, nht thit phi x l ht m. l ng, hi trng, i snh a
chc nng, rp phim, duy tr trong chun ca m thanh, cn phi tnh ton
sp t vt liu ht m b mt tng trn. sn vn ng, trin lm, trung tm
mua sm, khng gian rng c th da trn nhu cu t vt liu ht m cch m.
phng thu, ghi m, yu cu cht lng m thanh cao, vic x l ht m nn da
trn thit k ca chuyn gia.
Trong mt trng, mt gai c coi l mt vt liu x l m hc kh hiu qu.
Vy b mt ca chng l u?
Mt trng, mt gai s dng POLYURETHANE (PU) lm nguyn liu sn
xut. Sau khi khun, chng c to nhng hnh dng ng bit dng sng trn
hoc sng vung (mt trng, mt gai) to thnh nhng b mt phc tp dng
tiu m, ht m, hay to ra nhng c sc m thanh.

Bn thn vt liu cu thnh nn mt trng, mt gai, chng l loi vt liu y

khong rng, cu trc bn l. Ngay b mt cng c rt nhiu l nh nh nhng
qu bong bng nh. Khi sng m thanh gy ra dao ng trong khng kh, do
nht ca sc cn khng kh, ma st gia khng kh vi cc bc tng l lm cho
mt phn ng k nng lng ca m thanh bin thnh nng lng nhit v c
tiu th. Thm vo , khi nn on nhit khng kh, khng kh tip tc xy ra
trao i nhit vi cc bc tng l, do dn nhit, cng lm cho mt phn ca nng
lng m thanh thnh nng lng nhit.