CSE

434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)

2014
Home Page: http://www.public.asu.edu/~bhao2
Homework1
Problems:

3,5,7,14,24,25

Question:3

Consideranapplicationthattransmitsdataatasteadyrate(forexample,thesendergenerates
an Nbit unit of data every k time units, where k is small and fixed). Also, when such an
application starts, it will continue running for a relatively long period of time. Answer the
followingquestions,brieflyjustifyingyouranswer:

a.Wouldapacketswitchednetworkoracircuitswitchednetworkbemoreappropriateforthis
application?Why?

b. Suppose that a packetswitched network is used and the only traffic in this network comes
fromsuchapplicationsasdescribedabove.Furthermore,assumethatthesumoftheapplication
dataratesislessthanthecapacitiesofeachandeverylink.Issomeformofcongestioncontrol
needed?Why?

Answer:

a. The circuitswitched network wouldbe more appropriate forthis application, because

this application requires relatively long period of time for communication, fixed
transmission rate. Thus, the bandwidth could be reserved for this connection without
waste.
b. Nocongestioncontrolneeded,sincethesumoftheapplicationdataratesislessthan
thecapacitiesofeachandeverylink.Fortheworstcase,thebandwidthisstillenough
forallapplicationstransmittingdatainthesametimeoveroneormorenetworklinks,
thuscongestionisnotneeded.

Question:5

ReviewthecarcaravananalogyinSection1.4.Assumeapropagationspeedof100km/hour.

a.Suppose thecaravantravels 150km,beginninginfrontofonetollbooth, passingthrougha

secondtollbooth,andfinishingjustafterathirdtollbooth.Whatistheendtoenddelay?

b.Repeat(a),nowassumingthatthereareeightcarsinthecaravaninsteadoften.
 CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: http://www.public.asu.edu/~bhao2

Answer:

a. We know the propagation speed is 100km/hr, travelling distance is 150 km and each
tollboothservicesacaratarateofonecarper12seconds.Inadditional,thereare10
cares.

Thetimetakenbyacartotravel150kmis150km/100km/hr=1.5hr=90min
Theoveralltollboothsservicetimefor10carsis12*3*10=360seconds=6min
Finally,theendtoendtimedelayfor10carsis90min+6min=96min

b. For8cars,theoveralltollboothsservicetimeshouldbe12*3*8=288seconds=4.8min
Finally,theendtoendtimedelayfor8carsis90min+4.8min=94.8min

Question:7

In this problem, we consider sending realtime voice from Host A to Host B over a packet
switchednetwork(VoIP).HostAconvertsanalogvoicetoadigital64kbpsbitstreamonthefly.
HostAthengroupsthebitsinto56bytepackets. ThereisonelinkbetweenHostsAandB;its
transmissionrateis2Mbpsanditspropagationdelayis10msec.AssoonasHostAgathersa
packet,itsendsittoHostB.AssoonasHostBreceivesanentirepacket,itconvertsthepackets
bitstoananalogsignal.Howmuchtimeelapsesfromthetimeabitiscreated(fromtheoriginal
analogsignalatHostA)untilthebitisdecoded(aspartoftheanalogsignalatHostB)?

Answer:

Sincethisisapacketswitchednetwork,thedatawillbetransmittedpacketbypacket.Apacket
is56byteandtheanalogtodigitalconversationrateis64kbps,thusthepreparingtimeTpfora
packetis(56*8)/(64*1000)=0.007s=7ms.

ThetransitiontimeDtransforapacketis(56*8)/(2*1000*1000)=0.000224s=0.224ms.

Tprop=10ms

Finally, the total time elapses from the time a bit is create until the bit is decoded is
Tp+Dtrans+Tprop=7+0.224+10=17.224ms

 CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)

2014
Home Page: http://www.public.asu.edu/~bhao2
Question:14

Consider the queuing delay in a router buffer. Let I denote traffic intensity; that is, I = La/R.
SupposethatthequeuingdelaytakestheformIL/R(1I)forI<1.

a.Provideaformulaforthetotaldelay,thatis,thequeuingdelayplusthetransmissiondelay.

b.PlotthetotaldelayasafunctionofL/R.

Answer:

a. SinceallpacketsconsistofLbits,thusthetransmissiondelayisL/R.Thetotaldelayis
IL L IL L(1 I) L
queuingdelay+transmissiondelay=
R(1 I ) R R(1 I ) R (1 I)
L x
b. Let bex,thusthetotaldelayis ,Letabe3:
R 1 xa

Question:24

Suppose youwould like to urgentlydeliver 40 terabytes data from Boston to Los Angeles. You
have available a 100 Mbps dedicated link for data transfer. Would you prefer to transmit the
dataviathislinkorinsteaduseFedExovernightdelivery?Explain.

Answer:
 CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: http://www.public.asu.edu/~bhao2
40TB=40*1024*1014*8= Mbps,itwilltake

= seconds = 38.45688889 days.

If we copy those data into a removable disk, FedEx overnight could deliver it within one
day. Thus I prefer to transmit the data using FedEx overnight delivery.

Question:25

Supposetwohosts,AandB,areseparatedby20,000kilometersandareconnectedbyadirect
linkofR=2Mbps.Supposethepropagationspeedoverthelinkis2.5*10^8meters/sec.

a.Calculatethebandwidthdelayproduct,R*Dprop.

b. Consider sending a file of 800,000 bits from Host A to Host B. Suppose the file is sent
continuouslyasonelargemessage.Whatisthemaximumnumberofbitsthatwillbeinthelink
atanygiventime?

c.Provideaninterpretationofthebandwidthdelayproduct.

d.Whatisthewidth(inmeters)ofabitinthelink?Isitlongerthanafootballfield?

e. Derive a general expression for the width of a bit in terms of the propagation speed s, the
transmissionrateR,andthelengthofthelinkm.

Answer:

20000*1000
a. d prop 0.08s
2.5*108
Therefore, R *d prop 2*1024*1024*0.08 167772bits
b. Thebandwidthdelayproductisthemaximumnumberofbitsthatcanbeinthelink
and167772 bits < 800000 bits,thus themaximumnumberofbitsinthelink at any a
giventimeis167772bits.
c. Thebandwidthdelayproductisthemaximumnumberofbitsthatcanbeinthelinkata
giventime
20000*1000
d. Thewidthofabitinthelink= 119.209m ,itislongerthanafootball
167772
fieldifthefootballfieldis91.44m.
m m m*s s
e. Widthofabitis
R * d prop R * m R * m R
s