XUT HSG HA 11 THPT

Thi gian: 180 pht

Cu 1: 2,0 im
1.Trnh by 3 cch khc nhau iu ch etylen glicol t etilen.
2. Gii thch khi clo ha metan c tc dng nh sng, theo t l mol 1:1 trong sn phm c butan.
3. t chy hon ton m gam cht hu c A 1 cn dng va 15,4 lt khng kh (ktc) thu c hn hp B 1 gm
CO2, H2O v N2. Dn hn hp B1 vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 10 gam kt ta, sau th nghim
khi lng bnh nc vi tng 7,55 gam v thy thot ra 12,88 lt kh (ktc). Bit trong khng kh c cha 20%
oxi v th tch, cn li l N2 v phn t khi ca A1 nh hn 150 vC. Xc nh cng thc phn t A1.
Cu 2: 2,0 im
1. Nn hn hp gm 4 mol nit v 16 mol hiro vo mt bnh kn c th tch l 4 lt (ch cha xc tc vi th tch
khng ng k) c gi nhit khng i. Khi phn ng trong bnh t cn bng, p sut trong bnh bng
0,8 ln p sut lc u (lc mi cho cc kh vo cha xy ra phn ng). Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng.
2.Hn hp rn X gm KClO3, KCl, BaCl2 v Ba(ClO3)2. Nung nng 103,95 gam X vi cacbon va , n khi
phn ng hon ton thot ra 13,44 lt (kc) kh duy nht CO 2, cn li hn hp rn Y gm KCl v BaCl 2. Cho Y tc
dng va 522 gam dung dch K 2SO4 10%, lc b kt ta c dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong dung dch Z gp
9 ln lng KCl trong hn hp X.
a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng.
b. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca KClO3 trong hn hp X.
Cu 3: 2,0 im
1. Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca cc phn ng xy ra trongcc th nhim sau:
a. un nng dung dch NaHCO3, ngui ri em tc dng ln lt vi dung dch Ba(NO 3)2, AlCl3.
b. Fe2O3 tc dng vi dung dch HI.
c. Ha tan mt mu Fe3O4 bng dung dch H2SO4 long, d, sau thm vo lng d dung dch NaNO 3.
d. FeCl2 tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 /H2SO4 long
e. Dn kh CO2 n d vo dung dch Na2SiO3.
2. mt mu canxi trong khng kh m thu c hn hp cht rn X, cho X vo cc ng nc thu c hn
hp kh Y v dung dch Z. Cho bit cc cht c trong cc hn hp X, Y v dung dch Z. Vit phng trnh ha hc
xy ra.
Cu 4: 2,0 im
1. Nu phng php ha hc c th dng loi cc cht c sau:
- SO2, NO2, HF trong kh thi cng nghip
- Lng ln kh clo trong phng th nghim.
2. Hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M ha tr 3. Chia 38,6 gam X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tan hon
ton trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c cc sn phm kh ch c NO, N 2O (hn hp Y) vi tng th tch
6,72 lt, t khi ca Y so vi H2 l 17,8. Phn 2 cho vo dung dch kim sau mt thi gian thy lng H 2 thot ra
vt qu 6,72 lt. Bit cc kh o iu kin tiu chun.
a.Xc nh tn kim loi M v % khi lng ca kim loi trong X.
b. Tnh khi lng HNO3 phn ng.
Cu 5: 2,0 im
1. Cho 30,3g dung dch ru etylic trong nc tc dng vi natri d thu c 8,4 lit kh (ktc). Xc nh ru,
bit rng khi lng ring ca ru etylic tinh khit l 0,8g/ml.
2. C 3 hidrocacbon cng th kh, nng hn khng kh khng qu 2 ln, khi phn hu u to ra cacbon, hidro
v lm cho th tch tng gp 3 ln so vi th tch ban u ( cng iu kin nhit v p sut).
t chy nhng th tch bng nhau ca 3 hidrocacbon sinh ra cc sn phm kh theo t l th tch 5 : 6 : 7 (
cng iu kin 1000C v 740mmHg).
a/ Ba hidrocacbon c phi l ng ng ca nhau khng? Ti sao?
b/ Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca chng, bit rng mt trong ba cht c th iu
ch trc tip t ru etylic, hai trong ba cht c th lm mt mu nc brm, c ba cht u l hidrocacbon
mch h.
 P N V THANG IM
Cu Hng dn chm im
1 1. Cch 1 : CH2=CH2 KMnO OHCH2-CH2OH .
Lanh 4 0,75
Cch 2: CH2=CH2 ClCH2-CH2Cl ddNaOH
Cl ,CCl
,t OHCH2-CH2OH.
0
2 4

Cch 3 : CH2=CH2 O , Ag ,t CH2-CH2 H O OHCH2-CH2OH

0
2 2

O
2. CH 4 + Cl2 as
CH3Cl + H2O. 0,5
Khi mo: Cl2 > 2Cl*
Pht trin mch: Cl* + CH4 > CH3* + HCl
CH3* + Cl2 > CH3Cl + Cl*
Tt mch: CH3* + Cl* > CH3Cl.
Cl *
+ Cl *
> Cl2
CH3 + CH *
3
*
> C2H6 ( sn phm ph)
Tip tc.
Cl* + C2H6 > C2H5* + HCl
C2H5* + Cl2 > C2H5Cl + Cl*
Tt mch: C2H5* + Cl* > C2H5Cl.
Cl* + Cl* > Cl2
C2H5 + C2H5*
*
> C4H10
3. Ta c: nkk=0,6875 mol nO2=0,1375 mol v nN2=0,55 mol 0,75
Gi cng thc phn t A1 l CxHyOzNt
Phn ng: CxHyOzNt + (x+y/4 - z/2) xCO2 + y/2H2O + t/2N2 (1)
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O (2)
0,1 0,1
mCO2+mH2O=7,55 mH2O=3,15 gam nH2O=0,175 mol nH=0,35 mol
nN2(sau)=0,575 mol nN2(1)=0,025 mol nN=0,05 mol
Theo LBTNT oxi: nO(A) = 0,1.2 + 0,175.1 - 0,1375.2 = 0,1 mol
T l: x:y:z:t=0,1:0,35:0,1:0,05=2:7:2:1
CTPT l (C2H7O2N)n, do 77n<150 n=1
Vy cng thc phn t l C2H7O2N
2 1. Gi x l s mol N2 lc phn ng. 1,0
N2(r) + 3H2(k)
2NH3(k)
Ban u: 4mol 16 mol
Phn ng: xmol 3x mol 2x mol
Cn bng: (4-x)mol (16-3x)mol 2x mol
V phn ng xy ra nhit khng i v trong bnh kn nn gia p sut v s
mol ta c t l:
P1 n1
=
P2 n 2
 vi P1, P2 ln lt l p sut trc, sau phn ng
n1, n2 ln lt l s mol trc, sau phn ng
P1 20
= n 2 = 16(mol)
0,8P1 n 2
Tng s mol cc cht sau phn ng l:
(4-x) + (16-3x) + 2x = 16
x = 2
S mol v nng mol/l cc cht sau phn ng l:
2
n N2 = 4-2 = 2(mol) [N 2 ]= = 0,5(mol/l)
4
10
n H2 = 16-3.2 = 10(mol) [H 2 ]= = 2,5(mol/l)
4
4
n NH3 = 2.2 = 4(mol) [NH 3 ]= = 1(mol/l)
4
[NH 3 ]2 12
KC = = = 0,128
[N 2 ].[H 2 ]3 (0,5).(2,5)3
2. 1,0
2KClO3 + 3C 2KCl + 3CO2
Ba(ClO3)2 + 3C BaCl2 + 3CO2
BaCl2 + K2SO4 BaSO4 + KCl
0,3 mol 0,3 mol 0,3 mol 0,3 mol
Khi lng hn hp Y l: 103,95+12.0,6-44.0,6 = 84,75 gam
Khi lng KCl trong Y l: 84,75-0,3.208= 22,35 gam
Gi x l s mol KClO3, y l s mol KCl trong hn hp u.
x y 0,3 x 0,1

x y 0,6 9x y 0,2
% khi lng KClO3 c trong hn hp X l: 23,57%
3 o 1,0
t CO32- + H2O + CO2
-
1.a. 2 HCO3
Ba2+ + CO32 BaCO3
3+
2 Al + 3 CO + 3 H2O 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 CO2
3
2

b. Fe3O4 + 6H +2I 2Fe3+ + Fe2+ + 3H2O

+ -

c. Fe3O4 + 8H
+
2Fe3+ + Fe2+ + 4H2O
3Fe2+ + NO3- + 4H
+
3Fe+3 + NO + 2H2O
d. 10FeCl2 + 6KMnO4 + 24 H2SO4 long 10 Cl2+ 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 3K2SO4 + 6MnSO4 + 24 H2O
e. 2CO2 +2H2O + Na2SiO3 2NaHCO3 + H2SiO3
 2. * Mu Ca trong khng kh m: 1,0
Ca + 1/2O 2 CaO (1); Ca + O 2 CaO2 (2)
3Ca + N2 Ca3N2 (3); Ca + 2HOH Ca(OH)2 + H2 (4)
Ca + 1/2O2 + CO2 CaCO3 (5)
=> X gm: Ca; CaO; CaO2; Ca3N2; Ca(OH)2; CaCO3.
* Cho X vo nc:
Ca + 2HOH Ca(OH)2 + H2 (6)
CaO + 2HOH Ca(OH)2 +H2O (7)
CaO2 + 2HOH Ca(OH)2 + H2O2 (8)
Ca3N2 + 6HOH 3Ca(OH)2 + 2NH3 (9)
=> Y gm : H2; NH3.
Z gm: Ca(OH)2; H2O2.
4 1. Dng nc vi trong: dn kh thi c SO 2, CO2, HF qua nc vi trong, kh c
s b gi li:
Ca(OH)2 + SO2 CaSO3 + H2O
2Ca(OH)2 + 4NO2 Ca(NO3)2 + Ca(NO2)2 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + 2HF CaF2 + 2H2O 0,25
Dng NH3: dng kh hay lng, phun vo khng kh c ln kh clo 0,25
3Cl2 + 2NH3 6HCl + N2 ; HCl + NH3 NH4Cl
2.a. Do HNO3 d nn Fe s to mui Fe3+=> Coi Fe v M c cng thc chung M
=> nY = 0,3 mol.
=> Khi lng trung bnh ca Y: 35,6 g/mol.
Hn hp Y l 0,3 mol; a l s mol ca NO => 30a + (0,3-a)44 = 35,6 => a= 0,18
mol.
=> T l mol NO/N2O = 3/2.
=> Phng trnh ha hc ca phn 1:
t0
25 M + 96HNO3 25 M (NO3)3 + 9NO + 6 N2O + 48H2O (1)
0,18.25
=> nM = 0,5 mol.
9
X tc dng vi kim c kh thot ra nn M s phn ng. 0,5
=> Phng trnh ha hc ca phn 2:
M + 3H2O + OH- [M(OH)4]- + 3/2H2 (2)

>2. 0,3/3=0,2 >0,3 mol

=> 0,5 > nM > 0,2 mol.
- Gi x l s mol ca M => s mol Fe: 0,5 -x mol
56 x 8,7
=> Mx + (0,5-x)56 = 19,3 => M = vi 0,2 < x < 0,5
x
8,7 8,7
=> x= => 0,2 < < 0,5 => 12,5 < M < 38,6 => Ch c Al.
56 M 56 M
=> x= 0,3 mol . 0,5
0,3.27
Vy %mAl = .100% 41,97% ; %mFe = 58,03%
19,3 0,25
b.Theo (1) n HNO3 =96. 0,18/9 = 1,92 mol
 => Khi lng HNO3 phn ng = 63. 1,92 = 120,96 gam

0,25
5 1. 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2
2 mol 1 mol
a mol a/2 mol
2H2O + 2Na 2NaOH + H2
2 mol 1 mol
b mol b/2 mol
8,4
nH 2 0,375mol
22,4

a b
0,375 a 0,6
Theo ta c: 2 2 =>
46a 18b 30,3 b 0,15 0,25

Khi lng ru etylic nguyn cht: 0,6.46 = 27,6g.

Th tch ru etylic nguyn cht: Vru = m/D = 27,6/0,8 = 34,5ml
Khi lng nc: 0,15 . 18 = 2,7g
Th tch nc: VH2O = 2,7/1 = 2,7ml
Th tch dd ru etylic: 344,5 + 2,7 = 37,2 ml 0,25
34,5
ru: .100 92,7 0
37,2

2. a.Cng thc chung ca 3 hidrocacbon: C xHy

CxHy t xC + y/2H2
0

1V 3V
VH 3VC H y / 2 3 y 6 =>CT ca 3 hidrocacbon c dng CxH6
2 x y

3 hidrocacbon ny khng phi l ng ng ca nhau v chng c cng s nguyn

t H trong phn t. 0,25
b.
*Xc nh CTPT:
52
M C H 12 x 6 2.29 x 4,33
x 6
12
Vi x phi nguyn dng nn x 4
Gi x1, x2, x3 ln lt l s nguyn t C trong 3 hidrocacbon:
Cx1H6 + (x1 + 3/2) O2 x1CO2 + 3H2O
Cx2H6 + (x2 + 3/2) O2 x2CO2 + 3H2O
Cx2H6 + (x2 + 3/2) O2 x2CO2 + 3H2O
1000C, H2O trng thi hi v trong cng iu kin t 0 v p nn t l s mol
cng l t l th tch, ta c:
(x1 + 3) : (x2 + 3) : (x3 + 3) = 5 : 6 : 7
=> x1 = 5 - 3 = 2; x2 = 6 - 3 = 3 ; x3 = 7 - 3 = 4
=> CTPT ca 3 hidrocacbon l C2H6 ; C3H6 ; C4H6 0,5
*Xc nh CTCT:
+ C2H6 ch c 1 cu to duy nht: CH 3 - CH3 . y l CTCT ng ca C 2H6 ( mch
h, khng lm mt mu nc brm) 0,25
+ C3H6 c th c cc cu to:
CH2
H2C
CH2 (loi)

CH2 = CH - CH3 l CT ng ca C3H6 (mch h, c lin kt i, lm mt mu

nc brm) 0,25
+ C4H6 c th c cc cu to sau:
CH2 = C = CH - CH3 (loi)
CH C - CH2 - CH3 (loi)
CH3 - C C - CH3 (loi)
CH2 = CH - CH = CH2 l CT ng ca C4H6 (mch h, lm mt mu nc brm 0,25
v c th iu ch trc tip t ru etylic)