S GD&T VNH PHC K THI CHN HSG LP 11 THPT NM HC 2012-2013

THI MN: HA HC
CHNH THC (Dnh cho hc sinh THPT khng chuyn)
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht, khng k thi gian pht
Cu 1.
1. Vit phng trnh ha hc xy ra khi:
a. Nh dung dch H2SO4 c vo ng saccaroz. b. Phn ng n ca thuc n en.
c. Sc kh Cl2 d vo dung dch FeBr2. d. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch KOH.
e. Cho Au vo nc cng thy.
2. Hy chn cc cht thch+(X)+
hp v vit cc phng trnh phn ng hon thnh s bin ha sau:
(B)
...
(A) +(X) (D) (P)
+(Y )
(M) +(X)+... ( N) (Q) +(Y) (R)
Cho bit: - Cc cht (A), (B), (D) l hp cht ca natri.
- Cc cht (M), (N) l hp cht ca nhm.
- Cc cht (P), (Q), (R) l hp cht ca bari.
- Cc cht (N), (Q), (R) khng tan trong nc.
- (X) l cht kh khng mi, lm c dung dch nc vi trong.
- (Y) l mui ca natri, dung dch (Y) lm qu tm.
Cu 2.
1. Khng dng thm thuc th, hy trnh by cch phn bit 5 dung dch sau:
NaCl, NaOH, NaHSO4, Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3.
2. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c D, sn phm ch gm 4,48 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam
H2O. Vit cng thc cu to cc cht tha mn tnh cht trn ca D (ch xt cc nhm chc trong
chng trnh Ha ph thng).
Cu 3. Cho 10,62 gam hn hp gm Fe, Zn vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp X gm NaNO3 0,45M v
H2SO4 0,9M. un nng cho phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y v 3,584 lt kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Dung dch Y ha tan c ti a m1 gam bt Cu, sinh ra V lt kh NO

(ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ca NO 3 ).
1. Tnh phn trm v khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
2. Tnh gi tr ca m1 v V.

3. Cho m2 gam Zn vo dung dch Y (to kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca NO 3 ), sau phn ng
thu c 3,36 gam cht rn. Tnh gi tr ca m2.
Cu 4.
1. Hp cht A c dng M3X2. Khi cho A vo nc, thu c kt ta trng B v kh C l mt cht c.
Kt ta B tan c trong dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH 3. t chy hon ton kh C ri cho sn
phm vo nc d, thu c dung dch axit D. Cho t t D vo dung dch KOH, phn ng xong thu
c dung dch E cha 2 mui. Dung dch E phn ng vi dung dch AgNO 3 cho kt ta mu vng F
tan trong axit mnh.
Lp lun chn cng thc ha hc ng cho cht A. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bit
M v X u l nhng n cht ph bin.
2. Mt loi xng c cha 4 ankan vi thnh phn v s mol nh sau: 10% heptan, 50% octan, 30%
nonan v 10% ecan. Hy tnh xem mt xe my chy 100 km tiu th ht 2,0 kg loi xng ni trn th
tiu th ht bao nhiu lt oxi khng kh, thi ra mi trng bao nhiu lt kh cacbonic v bao nhiu
nhit lng, gi thit rng nhit t chy ca xng l 5337,8 kJ/mol, nng lng gii phng ra c 80%
chuyn thnh c nng cn 20% thi vo mi trng, cc th tch kh o 27,3 0C v 1atm, cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton.
Cu 5. Nung 9,28g hn hp A gm FeCO3 v mt oxit st trong khng kh n khi lng khng i.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8 gam mt oxit st duy nht v kh CO 2. Hp th ht
lng kh CO2 vo 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M, kt thc phn ng thu c 3,94 gam kt ta.
1. Tm cng thc ha hc ca oxit st.
2. Cho 9,28 gam hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c
dung dch B. Dn 448 ml kh Cl 2 (ktc) vo B thu c dung dch D. Hi D ha tan c ti a bao
nhiu gam Cu?
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Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.
H v tn th sinh:.......; S bo danh.
S GD&T VNH PHC K THI CHN HSG LP 11 THPT NM HC 2012-2013
(p n c 04 trang) P N MN: HA HC
 (Dnh cho hc sinh THPT khng chuyn)
I. LU CHUNG:
- Hng dn chm ch trnh by mt cch gii vi nhng c bn phi c. Khi chm bi hc sinh lm
theo cch khc nu ng v th vn cho im ti a.
- im ton bi tnh n 0,25 v khng lm trn.
II. P N:
Cu Ni dung trnh by im
1 2,0 im
1 a. H2SO4(c) + C12H22O11 12C + H2SO4.11H2O
C + 2H2SO4(c) CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
o
b. 2 KNO3 + 3C + S t C K2S + N2 + 3CO2
c. 3 Cl2 + 2 FeBr2 2 FeCl3 + 2 Br2
C th c: 5Cl2 + Br2 + 6H2O 10HCl + 2HBrO3
1,0
Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO
d. Cl2 + 2KOH KCl + KClO + H2O
t oC > 75oC
3Cl2 + 6KOH
5 KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
e. Au + 3HCl + HNO3 AuCl3 + NO + 2H2O

2 kh X l CO2, mui Y l NaHSO4, A l NaOH; B l Na2CO3; D l NaHCO3; P l

Ba(HCO3)2; R l BaSO4; Q l BaCO3; M l NaAlO2; N l Al(OH)3.
- Pthh:
2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3
NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
2NaOH + 2Al + 2 H2O 2 NaAlO2 + 3H2 1,0
NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2 H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3
3Na2CO3 + 2AlCl3 + 3H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 6NaCl + 3CO2
2NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O
BaCO3 + 2NaHSO4 BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
Ba(HCO3)2 + 2NaHSO4 BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O
Ba(HCO3)2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaHCO3
2 2,0 im
1 - Tr n ln cc c p mu th ta thu c hi n tng nh sau:
NaCl NaOH NaHSO4 Ba(OH)2 Na2CO3
NaCl - - - -
NaOH - - - -
NaHSO4 - - trng khng mu 0,25
Ba(OH)2 - - trng trng
Na2CO3 - - khng mu trng
*Ch thch : - khng hi n tng
: c kt ta ; : c kh
*Lu n kt qu : 0.25
Mu th to kt ta vi 2 trong 4 mu khc l Ba(OH)2

2 mu to kt ta vi Ba(OH)2 l Na2CO3, NaHSO4 (nhm I)

Na2CO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + 2 NaOH
 2NaHSO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O

2 mu khng to kt ta vi Ba(OH)2 l NaOH, NaCl (nhm II)

- Lc 2 kt ta trn ln lt cho vo 2 mu nhm I : mu no c si bt kh l
NaHSO4, cn mu khng sinh kh l Na2CO3. 0.25
2NaHSO4 + BaCO3 BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
- Thm t git dung dch NaHSO4 vo hai mu (d) nhm II, sau cho tip kt
ta thu c trn (BaCO3) vo. Nu xut hi n kh l mu NaCl, cn li l
NaOH khng xut hi n kh. 0,25
NaOH + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + H2O
Do NaOH d nn =>NaHSO4 ht nn khng to kh vi BaCO3
2 t cng thc phn t tng qut ca D l CxHyOz.
y z y
CxHyOz + ( x ) O2 x CO2 + H2O
4 2 2
0,1 0,2 0,3
C: nCO2 = 4,48 : 22,4 = 0,2 mol ; nH2O = 5,4: 18 = 0,3 mol
C: 0,1x = 0,2; => x = 2 ; 0,1y/2 = 0,3; => y = 6 0,25
Nu z = 0, CTPT ca D l C2H6, D c mt ng phn: CH3-CH3. 0,25
Nu z = 1, CTPT ca D l C2H6O, D c hai ng phn: C2H5OH v CH3-O-CH3.
Nu z = 2, CTPT ca D l C2H6O2, D c hai ng phn: HOCH2-CH2OH v CH3-O- 0,25
CH2OH. 0,25
3 2,0 im
1 S mol NaNO3 = 0,36 mol
s mol H2SO4 = 0,72 mol => s mol H+ = 1,44 mol
Ta c cc bn phn ng:
NO3- + 4H+ + 3e NO + 2H2O (1)
(mol): 0,16 0,64 0,48 0,16
S mol NO = 0,16 mol => H+ v NO3- d, kim loi phn ng ht.
S mol NO3- phn ng = 0,16 mol; s mol H+ phn ng = 0,64 mol
Fe Fe3+ + 3e (1)
0.5
Zn Zn2+ + 2e (2)
Gi s mol Fe l x mol, s mol Zn l y mol
Theo khi lng hn hp ban u ta c phng trnh
56 x + 65 y = 10,62 (I)
Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c phng trnh
3x + 2y = 0,16.3 (II)
Gii h phng trnh (I), (II) ta c: x = 0,12 v y = 0,06 mol
mFe = 0,12.56 = 6,72 g => % mFe = 63,28%
% mZn =100% - 63,28 % = 36,72 % 0,5
2 - + 3+ 2+
Dung dch Y c 0,2 mol NO3 ; 0,8 mol H ; 0,12 mol Fe ; 0,06 mol Zn , khi thm bt 0,5
Cu vo dung dch Y:
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4 H2O (3)
(mol): 0,3 0,8 0,2 0,2
3+ 2+ 2+
2Fe + Cu 2Fe + Cu (4)
0,12 0,06
 T phn ng (3), (4) c tng s mol Cu = 0,36 mol
m1 = 0,36.64 = 23,04 gam
VNO = 4,48 lt
3 Thm m2 gam Zn vo dung dch Y c 0,2 mol NO 3-; 0,8 mol H+; 0,12 mol Fe3+; 0,06
mol Zn2+:
Do khi lng Fe3+ = 0,12.56 = 6,72 gam > khi lng cht rn bng 3,36 gam. Nn
trong 3,36 gam cht rn sau phn ng ch c Fe.
nFe = 3,36/56 = 0,06 mol
3Zn + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Zn2+ + 2NO + 4 H2O
(mol) 0,3 0,8 0,2 0,5
Zn + 2Fe3+ Zn2+ + 2Fe2+
(mol) 0,06 0,12 0,12
Zn + Fe2+ Zn2+ + Fe
(mol) 0,06 0,06 0,06
Tng s mol Zn phn ng bng 0,3 + 0,12 = 0,42 mol
=> mZn = 27,3 gam
4 2,0 im
1 M3X2 +H2O B (trng) + C (c)
B tan c trong dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH3, M l n cht ph bin B l
Zn(OH)2.
Kt ta F mu vng tan trong dung dch axit mnh F l Ag3PO4 X l P A l
Zn3P2. 0,25
Phng trnh phn ng:
Zn3P2 + 6H2O 3Zn(OH)2 + 2PH3
(A) (B) (C)
Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2[Zn(OH)4]
Zn(OH)2 + 4NH 3 [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2
to
2PH3 + 4O2 P2O5 + 3H2O
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
(D)
H3PO4 + 2KOH K2HPO4 + 2H2O
H3PO4 + 3KOH K3PO4 + 3H2O
Dung dch E cha: K2HPO4 v K3PO4
K3PO4 + 3AgNO 3 Ag3PO4 + 3KNO3
0,75
(F)
K2HPO4 + 2AgNO 3 Ag2HPO4 + 2KNO3
2 Trong 1 mol xng c: 0,1 mol C7H16; 0,5 mol C8H18; 0,3 mol C9H20; 0,1 mol C10H22.
t cng thc chung cc ankan trong xng: CaH2a+2
Vi a = 0,1.7 + 0,5.8 + 0,3.9 + 0,1.10 = 8,4; M = 14a +2 = 119,6
S mol ankan c trong 2 kg xng = 16,7224 ( mol)
CaH2a+2 + ( 3a+1)/2 O2 aCO2 + (a+1) H2O
S mol O2 cn: 16,7224. (3.8,4+ 1)/2 = 219,063 ( mol) 1,0
VO2 cn = 5394,34 ( lt)
S mol CO2 thi ra khng kh = 8,4.16,7224 = 140,47 mol
VCO2 thi ra = 3459 ( lt)
Nhit to thnh khi t = 16,7224. 5337,8 = 89260,8 ( kJ)
Lng nhit thi ra kh quyn l: 17852,16 ( kJ)
5 2,0 im
 Gi cng thc tng qut ca oxit st l FexOy (x,y N*)
o
1 Pthh: 4FeCO3 + O2 t 2Fe2O3 + 4CO2.
3x-2y o
2FexOy + O2 t xFe2O3
2
8 3,94
nFe2O3 = =0,05 (mol); nBa(OH)2 0,3.0,1 0,03 (mol); nBaCO3 0,02 (mol)
160 197
0,5
Cho CO2 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 c phn ng:
Ba(OH)2 + CO2 BaCO3 + H2O.
C th c phn ng:
Ba(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ba(HCO3)2
Xt 2 trng hp

TH1: Ch c phn ng to kt ta nFeCO3 =nCO2 =nBaCO3 =0,02 (mol)

nFe/FexOy =2nFe2O3 - nFeCO3 =0,05.2 - 0,02 =0,08 (mol)
9,28-0,02.116-0,08.56 x n 0,08 0.5
nO/FexOy = =0,155 (mol) Fe
16 y nO 0,155
Khng c cng thc oxit st ph hp.
TH2: phn ng to ra hai mui.
nBa(HCO3)2 =nBa(OH)2 - nBaCO3 =0,01 (mol) nCO2 2nBa(HCO3)2 +nBaCO3 0,04 (mol)
nFeCO3 =0,04 (mol) nFe/FexOy =2nFe2O3 - nFeCO3 =0,05.2 - 0,04 =0,06 (mol)
0.5
9,28-0,04.116-0,06.56 x n 0,06 3
nO/FexOy = =0,08 (mol) Fe
16 y nO 0,08 4
Oxit st phi tm l Fe3O4.
2
Hn hp A c FeCO3 (0,04 mol); Fe3O4 (0,06/3=0,02 mol).
FeCO3 + 2HCl FeCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,04 0,04
Fe3O4 + 8HCl 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O
0,02 0,04 0,02
Dung dch B tc dng vi 0,02 mol Cl2
0,5
2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3
0,06 0,02 0,04
Dung dch D c FeCl2 (0,02 mol); FeCl3 (0,08 mol) v HCl d tc dng vi Cu
2FeCl3 + Cu 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
0,08 0,04
mCu = 0,04.64 = 2,56 gam.

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